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Ito T, Lutz H, Tan L, Wang B, Tan J, Patel M, Chen L, Tsunakawa Y, Park B, Banerjee S. Host cell proteins in monoclonal antibody processing: Control, detection, and removal. Biotechnol Prog 2024:e3448. [PMID: 38477405 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Host cell proteins (HCPs) are process-related impurities in a therapeutic protein expressed using cell culture technology. This review presents biopharmaceutical industry trends in terms of both HCPs in the bioprocessing of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and the capabilities for HCP clearance by downstream unit operations. A comprehensive assessment of currently implemented and emerging technologies in the manufacturing processes with extensive references was performed. Meta-analyses of published downstream data were conducted to identify trends. Improved analytical methods and understanding of "high-risk" HCPs lead to more robust manufacturing processes and higher-quality therapeutics. The trend of higher cell density cultures leads to both higher mAb expression and higher HCP levels. However, HCP levels can be significantly reduced with improvements in operations, resulting in similar concentrations of approx. 10 ppm HCPs. There are no differences in the performance of HCP clearance between recent enhanced downstream operations and traditional batch processing. This review includes best practices for developing improved processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Ito
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Herb Lutz
- Independent Consultant, Sudbury, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lihan Tan
- Life Science Services, Sigma-Aldrich Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bin Wang
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Chemicals (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA Darmstadt, Germany), Shanghai, China
| | - Janice Tan
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Pte Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Singapore
| | - Masum Patel
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Bangalore, India
| | - Lance Chen
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Pte Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Singapore
| | - Yuki Tsunakawa
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Byunghyun Park
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Subhasis Banerjee
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Bangalore, India
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2
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Zhang D, Wickramasinghe SR, Zydney AL, Smelko JP, Loman A, Wheeler A, Qian X. Proteomic analysis of host cell protein fouling during bioreactor harvesting. Biotechnol Prog 2024:e3453. [PMID: 38477450 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are among the most common cell lines used for therapeutic protein production. Membrane fouling during bioreactor harvesting is a major limitation for the downstream purification of therapeutic proteins. Host cell proteins (HCP) are the most challenging impurities during downstream purification processes. The present work focuses on identification of HCP foulants during CHO bioreactor harvesting using reverse asymmetrical commercial membrane BioOptimal™ MF-SL. In order to investigate foulants and fouling behavior during cell clarification, for the first time a novel backwash process was developed to effectively elute almost all the HCP and DNA from the fouled membrane filter. The isoelectric points (pIs) and molecular weights (MWs) of major HCP in the bioreactor harvest and fouled on the membrane were successfully characterized using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D SDS-PAGE). In addition, a total of 8 HCP were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectroscopy (MALDI-MS). The majority of these HCP are enzymes or associated with exosomes, both of which can form submicron-sized particles which could lead to the plugging of the filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Zhang
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - S Ranil Wickramasinghe
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Andrew L Zydney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John P Smelko
- Biogen, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Abdullah Loman
- Biogen, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - April Wheeler
- Asahi Kasei Bioprocess American, Glenview, Illinois, USA
| | - Xianghong Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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3
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Hamaker NK, Min L, Lee KH. Comprehensive Assessment of Host Cell Protein Expression after Extended Culture and Bioreactor Production of CHO Cell Lines. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:2221-2238. [PMID: 35508759 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The biomanufacturing industry is advancing toward continuous processes that will involve longer culture durations and older cell ages. These upstream trends may bring unforeseen challenges for downstream purification due to fluctuations in host cell protein (HCP) levels. To understand the extent of HCP expression instability exhibited by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells over these time scales, an industry-wide consortium collaborated to develop a study to characterize age-dependent changes in HCP levels across 30, 60, and 90 cell doublings, representing a period of approximately 60 days. A monoclonal antibody (mAb)-producing cell line with bulk productivity up to 3 g/L in a bioreactor was aged in parallel with its parental CHO-K1 host. Subsequently, both cell types at each age were cultivated in an automated bioreactor system to generate harvested cell culture fluid (HCCF) for HCP analysis. More than 1,500 HCPs were quantified using complementary proteomic techniques, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). While up to 13% of proteins showed variable expression with age, more changes were observed when comparing between the two cell lines with up to 47% of HCPs differentially expressed. A small subset (50 HCPs) with age-dependent expression were previously reported to be problematic as high-risk and/or difficult-to-remove impurities; however, the vast majority of these were down-regulated with age. Our findings suggest that HCP expression changes over this time scale may not be as dramatic and pose as great of a challenge to downstream processing as originally expected but that monitoring of variably expressed problematic HCPs remains critical. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel K Hamaker
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Lie Min
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Kelvin H Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
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4
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The potential of emerging sub-omics technologies for CHO cell engineering. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107978. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Population balance modelling captures host cell protein dynamics in CHO cell cultures. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265886. [PMID: 35320326 PMCID: PMC8959726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been extensively studied for their wide therapeutic and research applications. Increases in mAb titre has been achieved mainly by cell culture media/feed improvement and cell line engineering to increase cell density and specific mAb productivity. However, this improvement has shifted the bottleneck to downstream purification steps. The higher accumulation of the main cell-derived impurities, host cell proteins (HCPs), in the supernatant can negatively affect product integrity and immunogenicity in addition to increasing the cost of capture and polishing steps. Mathematical modelling of bioprocess dynamics is a valuable tool to improve industrial production at fast rate and low cost. Herein, a single stage volume-based population balance model (PBM) has been built to capture Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell behaviour in fed-batch bioreactors. Using cell volume as the internal variable, the model captures the dynamics of mAb and HCP accumulation extracellularly under physiological and mild hypothermic culture conditions. Model-based analysis and orthogonal measurements of lactate dehydrogenase activity and double-stranded DNA concentration in the supernatant show that a significant proportion of HCPs found in the extracellular matrix is secreted by viable cells. The PBM then served as a platform for generating operating strategies that optimise antibody titre and increase cost-efficiency while minimising impurity levels.
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6
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Torres M, Dickson AJ. Combined gene and environmental engineering offers a synergetic strategy to enhance r-protein production in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:550-565. [PMID: 34821376 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Environmental growth-inhibition conditions (GICs) have been used extensively for increasing cell-specific productivity (qP ) of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, with the most common being temperature downshift and sodium butyrate (NaBu) treatment. B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (BLIMP1) overexpression in CHO cells can also inhibit cell growth and increase product titers and qP . Given the similar responses, this study evaluated the individual and combined effects of BLIMP1 expression, low temperature, and NaBu treatment on culture performance, cell metabolism, and recombinant protein production of CHO cells. As expected, all three interventions decreased cell growth, arrested cells in G1/G0 cell cycle phase, and increased qP . However, CHO cells presented different responses when considering cell viability, recombinant gene expression, and cell metabolism that indicated differences in the molecular loci by which BLIMP1 and GICs generated higher productivities. Combinations of BLIMP1 expression and GICs acted synergistically to inhibit cell growth and maximize r-protein production, with the BLIMP1/NaBu condition leading to the most significant improvements in product titers and qP . This latter condition also proved to substantially increase product yields (up to 9.8 g immunoglobulin G1 [IgG1]/L and 2.2 g erythropoietin-Fc [EPO-Fc]/L) and qP (up to 179 pg/cell/day [pcd] for IgG1 and 30 pcd for EPO-Fc) in high-density perfusion cultures. These findings offered mechanistic insights about the productivity-enhancing effects of BLIMP1 and GICs, as well as their complementarity for generating highly productive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Torres
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Biochemical and Bioprocess Engineering Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alan J Dickson
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Biochemical and Bioprocess Engineering Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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7
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Wilson LJ, Lewis W, Kucia-Tran R, Bracewell DG. Identification and classification of host cell proteins during biopharmaceutical process development. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 38:e3224. [PMID: 34751518 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
As significant improvements in volumetric antibody productivity have been achieved by advances in upstream processing over the last decade, and harvest material has become progressively more difficult to recover with these intensified upstream operations, the segregation of upstream and downstream processing has remained largely unchanged. By integrating upstream and downstream process development, product purification issues are given consideration during the optimization of upstream operating conditions, which mitigates the need for extensive and expensive clearance strategies downstream. To investigate the impact of cell culture duration on critical quality attributes, CHO-expressed IgG1 was cultivated in two 2 L bioreactors with samples taken on days 8, 10, 13, 15, and 17. The material was centrifuged, filtered and protein A purified on a 1 ml HiTrap column. Host cell protein (HCP) identification by mass spectrometry (MS) was applied to this system to provide insights into cellular behavior and HCP carryover during protein A purification. It was shown that as cultivation progressed from day 8 to 17 and antibody titer increased, product quality declined due to an increase in post-protein A HCPs (from 72 to 475 peptides detected by MS) and a decrease in product monomer percentage (from 98% to 95.5%). Additionally, the MS data revealed an increase in the abundance of several classes of post-protein A HCPs (e.g., stress response proteins and indicators of cell age), particularly on days 15 and 17 of culture, which were associated with significant increases in total overall HCP levels. This provides new insight into the specific types of HCPs that are retained during mAb purification and may be used to aid process development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa J Wilson
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.,GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Will Lewis
- GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | - Daniel G Bracewell
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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8
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Park SY, Egan S, Cura AJ, Aron KL, Xu X, Zheng M, Borys M, Ghose S, Li Z, Lee K. Untargeted proteomics reveals upregulation of stress response pathways during CHO-based monoclonal antibody manufacturing process leading to disulfide bond reduction. MAbs 2021; 13:1963094. [PMID: 34424810 PMCID: PMC8386704 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1963094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) interchain disulfide bond reduction can cause a loss of function and negatively impact the therapeutic’s efficacy and safety. Disulfide bond reduction has been observed at various stages during the manufacturing process, including processing of the harvested material. The factors and mechanisms driving this phenomenon are not fully understood. In this study, we examined the host cell proteome as a potential factor affecting the susceptibility of a mAb to disulfide bond reduction in the harvested cell culture fluid (HCCF). We used untargeted liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry-based proteomics experiments in conjunction with a semi-automated protein identification workflow to systematically compare Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell protein abundances between bioreactor conditions that result in reduction-susceptible and reduction-free HCCF. Although the growth profiles and antibody titers of these two bioreactor conditions were indistinguishable, we observed broad differences in host cell protein (HCP) expression. We found significant differences in the abundance of glycolytic enzymes, key protein reductases, and antioxidant defense enzymes. Multivariate analysis of the proteomics data determined that upregulation of stress-inducible endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and other chaperone proteins is a discriminatory characteristic of reduction-susceptible HCP profiles. Overall, these results suggest that stress response pathways activated during bioreactor culture increase the reduction-susceptibility of HCCF. Consequently, these pathways could be valuable targets for optimizing culture conditions to improve protein quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Young Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.,School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Susan Egan
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, USA
| | - Anthony J Cura
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, USA
| | - Kathryn L Aron
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, USA
| | - Xuankuo Xu
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, USA
| | - Mengyuan Zheng
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, USA
| | - Michael Borys
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, USA
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, USA
| | - Zhengjian Li
- Biologics Development, Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Devens, USA
| | - Kyongbum Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
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Alhuthali S, Kotidis P, Kontoravdi C. Osmolality Effects on CHO Cell Growth, Cell Volume, Antibody Productivity and Glycosylation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073290. [PMID: 33804825 PMCID: PMC8037477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The addition of nutrients and accumulation of metabolites in a fed-batch culture of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells leads to an increase in extracellular osmolality in late stage culture. Herein, we explore the effect of osmolality on CHO cell growth, specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) productivity and glycosylation achieved with the addition of NaCl or the supplementation of a commercial feed. Although both methods lead to an increase in specific antibody productivity, they have different effects on cell growth and antibody production. Osmolality modulation using NaCl up to 470 mOsm kg-1 had a consistently positive effect on specific antibody productivity and titre. The addition of the commercial feed achieved variable results: specific mAb productivity was increased, yet cell growth rate was significantly compromised at high osmolality values. As a result, Feed C addition to 410 mOsm kg-1 was the only condition that achieved a significantly higher mAb titre compared to the control. Additionally, Feed C supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in galactosylated antibody structures. Cell volume was found to be positively correlated to osmolality; however, osmolality alone could not account for observed changes in average cell diameter without considering cell cycle variations. These results help delineate the overall effect of osmolality on titre and highlight the potentially negative effect of overfeeding on cell growth.
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10
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Torres M, Akhtar S, McKenzie EA, Dickson AJ. Temperature Down-Shift Modifies Expression of UPR-/ERAD-Related Genes and Enhances Production of a Chimeric Fusion Protein in CHO Cells. Biotechnol J 2020; 16:e2000081. [PMID: 32271992 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Low culture temperature enhances the cell-specific productivity of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing varied recombinant (r-) proteins, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Regulation of unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway genes, such as transcriptional regulatory factors and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident proteins, appear to be involved in the improvements of r-protein production under low temperature conditions. The transcriptional regulation of UPR-specific targets is studied in response to decreased culture temperature in relation to production of a difficult-to-express protein. A clonally-derived CHO cell line expressing a chimeric fusion protein (human erythropoietin [hEPO] linked to a murine Fc region, hEPO-Fc) is evaluated in terms of growth, metabolism, r-protein production and UPR-/ER associated degradation (ERAD)-specific gene expression at standard (37 °C) and low (32 °C) temperature in batch and fed-batch systems. Low temperature decreased peak cell density, improved viability, generated cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and enhanced hEPO-Fc expression in both batch and fed-batch cultures. A low culture temperature significantly upregulated genes encoding UPR-specific transcriptional activators (xbp1s, ddit3, and atf5) and ER-resident proteins (grp78, grp94, trib3, and ero1α), that are associated with folding and processing of proteins within the ER. Further, low culture temperature decreased expression of genes involved in ERAD (edem3, sels, herpud1, and syvn1) indicating a decreased potential for protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Torres
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Samia Akhtar
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Edward A McKenzie
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.,Protein Expression Facility, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Alan J Dickson
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
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11
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Zacchi LF, Recinos DR, Otte E, Aitken C, Hunt T, Sandford V, Lee YY, Schulz BL, Howard CB. S-Trap Eliminates Cell Culture Media Polymeric Surfactants for Effective Proteomic Analysis of Mammalian Cell Bioreactor Supernatants. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:2149-2158. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia F. Zacchi
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Dinora Roche Recinos
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- CSL Limited, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ellen Otte
- CSL Limited, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | - Tony Hunt
- CSL Limited, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | - Yih Yean Lee
- CSL Limited, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Benjamin L. Schulz
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Christopher B. Howard
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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12
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Singh SK, Mishra A, Yadav D, Budholiya N, Rathore AS. Understanding the mechanism of copurification of “difficult to remove” host cell proteins in rituximab biosimilar products. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e2936. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit K. Singh
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas New Delhi India
| | - Avinash Mishra
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas New Delhi India
| | - Divyanshi Yadav
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas New Delhi India
| | - Niharika Budholiya
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas New Delhi India
| | - Anurag S. Rathore
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Hauz Khas New Delhi India
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13
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14
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McHugh KP, Xu J, Aron KL, Borys MC, Li ZJ. Effective temperature shift strategy development and scale confirmation for simultaneous optimization of protein productivity and quality in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e2959. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle P. McHugh
- Global Product Development and SupplyBristol‐Myers Squibb Company Devens Massachusetts
| | - Jianlin Xu
- Global Product Development and SupplyBristol‐Myers Squibb Company Devens Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn L. Aron
- Global Product Development and SupplyBristol‐Myers Squibb Company Devens Massachusetts
| | - Michael C. Borys
- Global Product Development and SupplyBristol‐Myers Squibb Company Devens Massachusetts
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Global Product Development and SupplyBristol‐Myers Squibb Company Devens Massachusetts
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15
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Floris P, McGillicuddy N, Morrissey B, Albrecht S, Kaisermayer C, Hawe D, Riordan L, Lindeberg A, Forestell S, Bones J. A LC–MS/MS platform for the identification of productivity markers in industrial mammalian cell culture media. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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CHO cell cultures in shake flasks and bioreactors present different host cell protein profiles in the supernatant. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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17
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Hennicke J, Reinhart D, Altmann F, Kunert R. Impact of temperature and pH on recombinant human IgM quality attributes and productivity. N Biotechnol 2019; 50:20-26. [PMID: 30630093 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
IgM antibodies are arousing considerable interest as biopharmaceuticals. Despite their immunotherapeutic potential, little is known about the impact of environmental conditions on product quantity and quality of these complex molecules. Process conditions influence the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of therapeutic proteins and thus are important parameters for biological safety and efficacy. Here, the results of a systematic study are presented that characterized the influence of temperature and pH on cell-specific productivity and IgM quality attributes. Biphasic temperature and pH shift experiments were performed as batch cultures in DASGIP® bioreactors under controlled conditions and defined by a specific design of experiment (DOE) approach. An internally-developed recombinant IgM producing CHO cell line was used. With respect to product quality, after an initial purification step efforts were focused on pentamer content, nucleic acid (NA) impurities and the glycosylation profile after an initial purification step. All quality attributes were evaluated by densitometric and chromatographic methods. The reduction of cultivation temperature severely reduced IgM titers, while pH variation had no impact. In contrast, IgM quality was not significantly influenced by bioprocessing parameters. Data revealed that an additional purification step is required to reduce the presence of NAs for in vivo applications. In conclusion, the results showed that for the chosen IgM model, IgM012_GL, variation in quality attributes is not caused by the environmental conditions of temperature and pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hennicke
- Department of Biotechnology, VIBT, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Reinhart
- Department of Biotechnology, VIBT, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, VIBT, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Kunert
- Department of Biotechnology, VIBT, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
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Xu J, Tang P, Yongky A, Drew B, Borys MC, Liu S, Li ZJ. Systematic development of temperature shift strategies for Chinese hamster ovary cells based on short duration cultures and kinetic modeling. MAbs 2019; 11:191-204. [PMID: 30230966 PMCID: PMC6343780 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1525262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature shift (TS) to a hypothermic condition has been widely used during protein production processes that use Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The effect of temperature on cell growth, metabolites, protein titer and quality depends on cell line, product, and other bioreactor conditions. Due to the large numbers of experiments, which typically last 2-3 weeks each, limited systematic TS studies have been reported with multiple shift temperatures and steps at different times. Here, we systematically studied the effect of temperature on cell culture performance for the production of two monoclonal antibodies by industrial GS and DG44 CHO cell lines. Three 2-8 day short-duration methods were developed and validated for researching the effect of many different temperatures on CHO cell culture and quality attributes. We found that minor temperature differences (1-1.5 °C) affected cell culture performance. The kinetic parameters extracted from the short duration data were subsequently used to compute and predict cell culture performance in extended duration of 10-14 days with multiple TS conditions for both CHO cell lines. These short-duration culture methods with kinetic modeling tools may be used for effective TS optimization to achieve the best profiles for cell growth, metabolites, titer and quality attributes. Although only three short-duration methods were developed with two CHO cell lines, similar short-duration methods with kinetic modeling may be applied for different hosts, including both microbial and other mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Xu
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Peifeng Tang
- Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Yongky
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Barry Drew
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Michael C. Borys
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Shijie Liu
- Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
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Challenges to industrial mAb bioprocessing—removal of host cell proteins in CHO cell bioprocesses. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Applications of proteomic methods for CHO host cell protein characterization in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 53:144-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Goey CH, Alhuthali S, Kontoravdi C. Host cell protein removal from biopharmaceutical preparations: Towards the implementation of quality by design. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1223-1237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Goey CH, Bell D, Kontoravdi C. Mild hypothermic culture conditions affect residual host cell protein composition post-Protein A chromatography. MAbs 2018; 10:476-487. [PMID: 29381421 PMCID: PMC5916555 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1433977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Host cell proteins (HCPs) are endogenous impurities, and their proteolytic and binding properties can compromise the integrity, and, hence, the stability and efficacy of recombinant therapeutic proteins such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Nonetheless, purification of mAbs currently presents a challenge because they often co-elute with certain HCP species during the capture step of protein A affinity chromatography. A Quality-by-Design (QbD) strategy to overcome this challenge involves identifying residual HCPs and tracing their source to the harvested cell culture fluid (HCCF) and the corresponding cell culture operating parameters. Then, problematic HCPs in HCCF may be reduced by cell engineering or culture process optimization. Here, we present experimental results linking cell culture temperature and post-protein A residual HCP profile. We had previously reported that Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures conducted at standard physiological temperature and with a shift to mild hypothermia on day 5 produced HCCF of comparable product titer and HCP concentration, but with considerably different HCP composition. In this study, we show that differences in HCP variety at harvest cascaded to downstream purification where different residual HCPs were present in the two sets of samples post-protein A purification. To detect low-abundant residual HCPs, we designed a looping liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method with continuous expansion of a preferred, exclude, and targeted peptide list. Mild hypothermic cultures produced 20% more residual HCP species, especially cell membrane proteins, distinct from the control. Critically, we identified that half of the potentially immunogenic residual HCP species were different between the two sets of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cher Hui Goey
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London , London , U.K
| | - David Bell
- b Department of Medicine , Imperial College London , London , U.K
| | - Cleo Kontoravdi
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London , London , U.K
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