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Haron MH, Zhang J, Chittiboyina AG, Khan IA, Pugh ND. Validation of a Toll-like Receptor (TLR)2/TLR1 Activation Assay for Biological Standardization of Arthrospira/ Limnospira Immune-Enhancing Potency. J Diet Suppl 2023; 21:281-293. [PMID: 37794652 PMCID: PMC10984802 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2023.2263566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Arthrospira/Limnospira is a popular botanical dietary supplement throughout the world and has been consumed as a food product for hundreds of years. Ongoing efforts from our research group are focused on evaluating the utility of a Limnospira-derived oral supplement (Immulina) in promoting resilience against influenza viral infection. Like other botanical extracts, Immulina is inherently a complex matrix with variation in the levels of its chemical constituents. Therefore, to ensure therapeutic consistency for future scientific research and clinical studies, we are developing standardization technology using a bioassay and chemical markers. Braun-type lipoproteins, a class of macromolecules that activate the Toll-like receptor (TLR)2/TLR1 signaling pathway, have been identified as a major active component within Immulina. Based on the mechanism of action of the Braun-type lipoproteins, an in vitro bioassay was established using the HEK-Blue hTLR2/TLR1 cell line to quantitate the immune-enhancing potency of Immulina. The objective of the current research was to validate that bioassay for Immulina activity quantification using the U.S. FDA guidance document for botanical drug development and U.S. Pharmacopeia recommendations. System suitability, reference standards and defining potency units were established. Validation of performance parameters included precision, specificity, accuracy, linearity, and range. Validating this bioassay for Immulina activity provides a tool for ensuring product consistency and quantifying the potency of this botanical for use in future research as well as material in the consumer market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona H. Haron
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States
| | - Amar G. Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States
| | - Nirmal D. Pugh
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States
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Hajirahimkhan A, Howell C, Bartom ET, Dong H, Lantvit DD, Xuei X, Chen SN, Pauli GF, Bolton JL, Clare SE, Khan SA, Dietz BM. Breast cancer prevention with liquiritigenin from licorice through the inhibition of aromatase and protein biosynthesis in high-risk women's breast tissue. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8734. [PMID: 37253812 PMCID: PMC10229614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34762-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer risk continues to increase post menopause. Anti-estrogen therapies are available to prevent postmenopausal breast cancer in high-risk women. However, their adverse effects have reduced acceptability and overall success in cancer prevention. Natural products such as hops (Humulus lupulus) and three pharmacopeial licorice (Glycyrrhiza) species have demonstrated estrogenic and chemopreventive properties, but little is known regarding their effects on aromatase expression and activity as well as pro-proliferation pathways in human breast tissue. We show that Gycyrrhiza inflata (GI) has the highest aromatase inhibition potency among these plant extracts. Moreover, phytoestrogens such as liquiritigenin which is common in all licorice species have potent aromatase inhibitory activity, which is further supported by computational docking of their structures in the binding pocket of aromatase. In addition, GI extract and liquiritigenin suppress aromatase expression in the breast tissue of high-risk postmenopausal women. Although liquiritigenin has estrogenic effects in vitro, with preferential activity through estrogen receptor (ER)-β, it reduces estradiol-induced uterine growth in vivo. It downregulates RNA translation, protein biosynthesis, and metabolism in high-risk women's breast tissue. Finally, it reduces the rate of MCF-7 cell proliferation, with repeated dosing. Collectively, these data suggest that liquiritigenin has breast cancer prevention potential for high-risk postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Hajirahimkhan
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior, 4-220, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Caitlin Howell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Bartom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The Louis A. Simpson and Kimberly K. Querrey Biomedical Research Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Huali Dong
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel D Lantvit
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Pharmacognosy Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaoling Xuei
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Pharmacognosy Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guido F Pauli
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Pharmacognosy Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Judy L Bolton
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Pharmacognosy Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susan E Clare
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior, 4-220, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Seema A Khan
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior, 4-220, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Birgit M Dietz
- UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Pharmacognosy Institute and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Utility of fatty acid profile and in vitro immune cell activation for chemical and biological standardization of Arthrospira/Limnospira. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15657. [PMID: 36123360 PMCID: PMC9485217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercially cultivated Limnospira (species formerly classified to genus Arthrospira) is a popular food/supplement consumed by millions of people worldwide for health benefits. The objective of the current research was to advance the standardization technology for Limnospira. Quantitative methods were established to detect fatty acids as potential chemical markers and immune-enhancing activity. Analysis of 20 different batches of biomass obtained from one commercial grower demonstrated that there was a statistically significant relationship between the sum of two fatty acids (linoleic and γ-linolenic) and Toll-like receptor (TLR)2/TLR1-dependent activation (R2 = 0.48, p = 0.0007). Investigation of 12 biomass samples sourced from growers in 10 different countries demonstrated that fatty acid content was again significantly correlated with biological activity (R2 = 0.72, p = 0.0005) and the content of fatty acids varied by twofold and activity by 12.5-fold. This large variation between different samples confirms the need to use the present standardization methods to ensure consistent and properly characterized biomass for consumers and for future scientific research.
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Zanardi MV, Gastiazoro MP, Kretzschmar G, Wober J, Vollmer G, Varayoud J, Durando M, Zierau O. AHR agonistic effects of 6-PN contribute to potential beneficial effects of Hops extract. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 543:111540. [PMID: 34965452 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hops (Humulus lupulus) is used as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy due to the phytoestrogen, 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN). To examine the potential risks/benefits of hops extract and its compounds (8-PN and 6-prenylnaringenin, 6-PN), we aimed to evaluate the estrogen receptor α (ERα) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling pathways in human endometrial cancer cells. Hops extract, 8-PN and 6-PN showed estrogenic activity. Hops extract and 6-PN activated both ERα and AHR pathways. 6-PN increased the expression of the tumor suppressor gene (AHRR), and that of genes involved in the estrogen metabolism (CYP1A1, CYP1B1). Although 6-PN might activate the detoxification and genotoxic pathways of estrogen metabolism, hops extract as a whole only modulated the genotoxic pathway by an up-regulation of CYP1B1 mRNA expression. These data demonstrate the relevant role of 6-PN contained in the hops extract as potential modulator of estrogen metabolism due to its ERα and AHR agonist activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Zanardi
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - María Paula Gastiazoro
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Georg Kretzschmar
- Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jannette Wober
- Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Günter Vollmer
- Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jorgelina Varayoud
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Milena Durando
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Oliver Zierau
- Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Sun S, Wang X, Yuan A, Liu J, Li Z, Xie D, Zhang H, Luo W, Xu H, Liu J, Nie C, Zhang H. Chemical constituents and bioactivities of hops (
Humulus lupulus L
.) and their effects on beer‐related microorganisms. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shaokang Sun
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Ai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Jianlin Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao China
| | - Zebin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Dongxiao Xie
- Biology Institute Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences Shandong Normal University Jinan China
| | - Wenqing Luo
- Global Leaders College Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Hengyuan Xu
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Jinshang Liu
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Cong Nie
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Haojun Zhang
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
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Girisa S, Saikia Q, Bordoloi D, Banik K, Monisha J, Daimary UD, Verma E, Ahn KS, Kunnumakkara AB. Xanthohumol from Hop: Hope for cancer prevention and treatment. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:1016-1044. [PMID: 34170599 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health concern due to high mortality and poor quality of life of patients. Despite the availability of advanced therapeutic interventions, most treatment modalities are not efficacious, very expensive, and cause several adverse side effects. The factors such as drug resistance, lack of specificity, and low efficacy of the cancer drugs necessitate developing alternative strategies for the prevention and treatment of this disease. Xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated chalcone present in Hop (Humulus lupulus), has been found to possess prominent activities against aging, diabetes, inflammation, microbial infection, and cancer. Thus, this manuscript thoroughly reviews the literature on the anti-cancer properties of XN and its various molecular targets. XN was found to exert its inhibitory effect on the growth and proliferation of cancer cells via modulation of multiple signaling pathways such as Akt, AMPK, ERK, IGFBP2, NF-κB, and STAT3, and also modulates various proteins such as Notch1, caspases, MMPs, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, oxidative stress markers, tumor-suppressor proteins, and miRNAs. Thus, these reports suggest that XN possesses enormous therapeutic potential against various cancers and could be potentially used as a multi-targeted anti-cancer agent with minimal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Queen Saikia
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Devivasha Bordoloi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Javadi Monisha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Uzini Devi Daimary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Elika Verma
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Zhou K, Yang S, Li SM. Naturally occurring prenylated chalcones from plants: structural diversity, distribution, activities and biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:2236-2260. [PMID: 33972962 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00083c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to July 2020Naturally occurring chalcones carrying up to three modified or unmodified C5-, C10-, and C15-prenyl moieties on both rings A and B as well as at the α- and β-carbons are widely distributed in plants of the families of Fabaceae, Moraceae, Zingiberaceae and Cannabaceae. Xanthohumol and isobavachalcone being the most investigated representatives, exhibit diverse and remarkable biological and pharmacological activities. The present review deals with their structural characters, biological activities and occurrence in the plant kingdom. Biosynthesis of prenylated chalcones and metabolism of xanthohumol are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhou
- Guizhou University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Huaxi Avenue 2708, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Song Yang
- Guizhou University, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide & Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Centre for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Huaxi Avenue 2708, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany.
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van Breemen RB, Chen L, Tonsing-Carter A, Banuvar S, Barengolts E, Viana M, Chen SN, Pauli GF, Bolton JL. Pharmacokinetic Interactions of a Hop Dietary Supplement with Drug Metabolism in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5212-5220. [PMID: 32285669 PMCID: PMC8071352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Botanical dietary supplements produced from hops (Humulus lupulus) containing the chemopreventive compound xanthohumol and phytoestrogen 8-prenylnaringenin are used by women to manage menopausal symptoms. Because of the long half-lives of prenylated hop phenols and reports that they inhibit certain cytochrome P450 enzymes, a botanically authenticated and chemically standardized hop extract was tested for Phase I pharmacokinetic drug interactions. Sixteen peri- and postmenopausal women consumed the hop extract twice daily for 2 weeks, and the pharmacokinetics of tolbutamide, caffeine, dextromethorphan, and alprazolam were evaluated before and after supplementation as probe substrates for the enzymes CYP2C9, CYP1A2, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4/5, respectively. The observed area under the time-concentration curves were unaffected, except for alprazolam which decreased 7.6% (564.6 ± 46.1 h·μg/L pre-hop and 521.9 ± 36.1 h·μg/L post-hop; p-value 0.047), suggesting minor induction of CYP3A4/5. No enzyme inhibition was detected. According to FDA guidelines, this hop dietary supplement caused no clinically relevant pharmacokinetic interactions with respect to CYP2C9, CYP1A2, CYP2D6, or CYP3A4/5. The serum obtained after consumption of the hop extract was analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to confirm compliance. Abundant Phase II conjugates of the hop prenylated phenols were observed including monoglucuronides and monosulfates as well as previously unreported diglucuronides and sulfate-glucuronic acid diconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. van Breemen
- Linus Pauling Institute, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2900 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612
- To whom correspondence should be addressed Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 305 Linus Pauling Science Center, 2900 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, Tel: 541-737-5078, Fax: 541-737-5077,
| | - Luying Chen
- Linus Pauling Institute, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2900 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Alyssa Tonsing-Carter
- Clinical and Healthcare Research Policy Division, National Institutes of Health, 6705 Rockledge Dr., Suite 750, Bethesda, MD 20817
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Suzanne Banuvar
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Elena Barengolts
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Marlos Viana
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Guido F. Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Judy L. Bolton
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612
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10
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Mishra AK, Duraisamy GS, Khare M, Kocábek T, Jakse J, Bříza J, Patzak J, Sano T, Matoušek J. Genome-wide transcriptome profiling of transgenic hop (Humulus lupulus L.) constitutively overexpressing HlWRKY1 and HlWDR1 transcription factors. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:739. [PMID: 30305019 PMCID: PMC6180420 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.) is a valuable source of several secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, bitter acids, and essential oils. These compounds are widely implicated in the beer brewing industry and are having potential biomedical applications. Several independent breeding programs around the world have been initiated to develop new cultivars with enriched lupulin and secondary metabolite contents but met with limited success due to several constraints. In the present work, a pioneering attempt has been made to overexpress master regulator binary transcription factor complex formed by HlWRKY1 and HlWDR1 using a plant expression vector to enhance the level of prenylflavonoid and bitter acid content in the hop. Subsequently, we performed transcriptional profiling using high-throughput RNA-Seq technology in leaves of resultant transformants and wild-type hop to gain in-depth information about the genome-wide functional changes induced by HlWRKY1 and HlWDR1 overexpression. Results The transgenic WW-lines exhibited an elevated expression of structural and regulatory genes involved in prenylflavonoid and bitter acid biosynthesis pathways. In addition, the comparative transcriptome analysis revealed a total of 522 transcripts involved in 30 pathways, including lipids and amino acids biosynthesis, primary carbon metabolism, phytohormone signaling and stress responses were differentially expressed in WW-transformants. It was apparent from the whole transcriptome sequencing that modulation of primary carbon metabolism and other pathways by HlWRKY1 and HlWDR1 overexpression resulted in enhanced substrate flux towards secondary metabolites pathway. The detailed analyses suggested that none of the pathways or genes, which have a detrimental effect on physiology, growth and development processes, were induced on a genome-wide scale in WW-transgenic lines. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggest that HlWRKY1 and HlWDR1 simultaneous overexpression positively regulates the prenylflavonoid and bitter acid biosynthesis pathways in the hop and thus these transgenes are presented as prospective candidates for achieving enhanced secondary metabolite content in the hop. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5125-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Mishra
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ganesh Selvaraj Duraisamy
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Mudra Khare
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kocábek
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jernej Jakse
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jindřich Bříza
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Patzak
- Hop Research Institute, Co. Ltd., Kadaňská 2525, 43846, Žatec, Czech Republic
| | - Teruo Sano
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Department of Applied Biosciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Jaroslav Matoušek
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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Campillo S, Rancan L, Paredes SD, Higuera M, Izquierdo A, García C, Forman K, Tresguerres JA, Vara E. Effect of treatment with xanthohumol on cardiological alterations secondary to ageing. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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12
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Moriya H, Tanaka S, Iida Y, Kitagawa S, Aizawa SI, Taga A, Terashima H, Yamamoto A, Kodama S. Chiral separation of isoxanthohumol and 8-prenylnaringenin in beer, hop pellets and hops by HPLC with chiral columns. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4289. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyuga Moriya
- School of Science; Tokai University; Hiratsuka Kanagawa Japan
| | - Sohei Tanaka
- School of Science; Tokai University; Hiratsuka Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yukari Iida
- School of Science; Tokai University; Hiratsuka Kanagawa Japan
| | - Satomi Kitagawa
- School of Science; Tokai University; Hiratsuka Kanagawa Japan
| | - Sen-ichi Aizawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering; University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
| | - Atsushi Taga
- School of Pharmacy; Kinki University; Higashi-Osaka Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Chubu University; Kasugai-shi Aichi Japan
| | - Shuji Kodama
- School of Science; Tokai University; Hiratsuka Kanagawa Japan
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13
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An Overview of the Antimicrobial Properties of Hop. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND BIODIVERSITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67045-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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Minecka A, Zych M, Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak I. 8-Prenylnaringenin from hop (Humulus lupulus L.) – a panacea for menopause? HERBA POLONICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/hepo-2017-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Summary
8-Prenylnaryngenin (8-PN) is the strongest known phytoestrogen (PE). Its main source is the female inflorescences of hops (Humulus lupulus L.). 8-PN, which, in contrast to other PEs, is proven to have stronger activity and higher affinity for the α subtype of estrogen receptor (ER). Therefore, it may be an effective substitute for hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The studies in postmenopausal women have shown its particular effectiveness in reducing hot flashes. However, a strong stimulation of uterus by 8-PN may be associated with the occurrence of adverse effects (eg. bleeding) and increase the risk of carcinogenesis. The H. lupulus extracts preparations are currently supplements which makes control of the doses used and thus increases the occurrence of uncontrolled self-treatment difficult. This paper presents the current knowledge on 8-PN and discusses the potential risks associated with use of hops to alleviate the symptoms of menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Minecka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Medical University of Silesia in Katowice School of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec Jagiellońska 4 41-200 Sosnowiec , Poland
| | - Maria Zych
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Medical University of Silesia in Katowice School of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec Jagiellońska 4 41-200 Sosnowiec , Poland
| | - Ilona Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Medical University of Silesia in Katowice School of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec Jagiellońska 4 41-200 Sosnowiec , Poland
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15
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Keiler AM, Macejova D, Dietz BM, Bolton JL, Pauli GF, Chen SN, van Breemen RB, Nikolic D, Goerl F, Muders MH, Zierau O, Vollmer G. Evaluation of estrogenic potency of a standardized hops extract on mammary gland biology and on MNU-induced mammary tumor growth in rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 174:234-241. [PMID: 28964928 PMCID: PMC5760272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Supplements with estrogenic activities are intensively investigated as potential alternatives for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. These investigations include studies on their safety regarding potential breast cancer risks. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether or not a standardized hops (Humulus lupulus) extract, containing 0.42% of the estrogenic flavanone, 8-prenylnaringenin, would stimulate growth of methyl-nitrosourea (MNU) induced mammary cancer in ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats or would impact on the proliferative activity within the normal mammary gland of Wistar rats. To induce tumorigenesis SD-rats received an intraperitoneal injection of 50mg/kg body weight of MNU on postnatal days PND 50 and 52. 28days later animals were OVX or were SHAM operated (positive control) and randomly allocated and maintained for 140days on either a phytoestrogen-free placebo diet (SHAM and negative control) or on the hops fortified diet. For the investigations in the normal mammary gland young adult Wistar rats were bilaterally OVX and randomly allocated to a control group fed to a phytoestrogen-free diet, or to a diet supplemented either with E2-benzoate or the hops extract. As a major result, the tumor incidence was 15% (3 tumors totally) in OVX controls, whereas it was 85% (39 tumors totally) in SHAM operated positive controls. No tumors were detectable in the hops group. In addition, no estrogenic activity of the hops extract was detectable in uterus and liver of these animals. In investigations on the normal mammary gland, no impact of hops extract on the expression of estrogen dependent proliferation markers or of progesterone receptor became apparent. In conclusion, the lack of growth stimulation of MNU-induced breast cancer in OVX SD-rats and the lack of stimulation proliferative events in the normal mammary gland of OVX Wistar rats by standardized hops extracts provides an important piece of evidence regarding the safety of these extracts in the management of menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekathrin M Keiler
- Chair for Molecular Cell Physiology & Endocrinology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; Institute for Doping Analytics and Sports Biochemistry Dresden (IDAS), Dresdner Str. 12, 01731 Kreischa, Germany
| | - Dana Macejova
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Birgit M Dietz
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Judy L Bolton
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guido F Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard B van Breemen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dejan Nikolic
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Florian Goerl
- Institute for Pathology, 01454 Radeberg, Germany; Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael H Muders
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Zierau
- Chair for Molecular Cell Physiology & Endocrinology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Günter Vollmer
- Chair for Molecular Cell Physiology & Endocrinology, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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16
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Keiler AM, Helle J, Bader MI, Ehrhardt T, Nestler K, Kretzschmar G, Bernhardt R, Vollmer G, Nikolić D, Bolton JL, Pauli GF, Chen SN, Dietz BM, van Breemen RB, Zierau O. A standardized Humulus lupulus (L.) ethanol extract partially prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss in the rat without induction of adverse effects in the uterus. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 34:50-58. [PMID: 28899509 PMCID: PMC5736964 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hops (Humulus lupulus (L.)) dietary supplements are of interest as herbal remedies to alleviate menopausal symptoms, such as hot flushes, depression and anxiety. So far, the evidence regarding estrogenic and related properties of hops preparations has been considered insufficient for a market authorization for menopausal indications. PURPOSE The study aims to investigate a chemically standardized hops extract regarding its safety in the uterus, as wells as its efficacy to prevent bone loss in the ovariectomized rat model. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Female Wistar rats were ovariectomized and divided into a control group receiving phytoestrogen-free diet, a group treated with E2benzoate (0.93 mg/kg body weight/d) and a group treated with the standardized hops extract (60 mg/kg body weight/d) for 8 weeks. Micro-computed tomography of the tibiae and vertebrae, as wells as histological changes in the uterus and tibia were analyzed. RESULTS Neither uterotrophic nor proliferative effects were observed in the endometrium in response to the oral 8-week administration of the hops extract. However, site-dependent skeletal effects were observed. The hops extract significantly decreased the number of osteoclasts in the tibial metaphysis and prevented reduction of the trabecular thickness that resulted from estradiol depletion. In contrast, the hops extract did not prevent the ovariectomy-induced micro-architectural changes in the lumbar vertebra. Certain parameters (e.g. thickness and number of trabeculae) were even found to be below the values determined in the ovariectomized control group. CONCLUSION Taken together, the results provide evidence for the safety of the standardized hops extract and point to a weak bone type-specific, protective effect on bone loss following estradiol depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekathrin M Keiler
- Institute of Doping Analysis and Sports Biochemistry Dresden, 01731 Kreischa, Germany; Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Janina Helle
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Manuela I Bader
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tino Ehrhardt
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristin Nestler
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Georg Kretzschmar
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ricardo Bernhardt
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Günter Vollmer
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dejan Nikolić
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Judy L Bolton
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guido F Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Birgit M Dietz
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard B van Breemen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Oliver Zierau
- Institute of Zoology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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17
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Dietz B, Chen SN, Alvarenga RF, Dong H, Nikolić D, Biendl M, van Breemen RB, Bolton JL, Pauli GF. DESIGNER Extracts as Tools to Balance Estrogenic and Chemopreventive Activities of Botanicals for Women's Health. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:2284-2294. [PMID: 28812892 PMCID: PMC5765536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Botanical dietary supplements contain multiple bioactive compounds that target numerous biological pathways. The lack of uniform standardization requirements is one reason that inconsistent clinical effects are reported frequently. The multifaceted biological interactions of active principles can be disentangled by a coupled pharmacological/phytochemical approach using specialized ("knock-out") extracts. This is demonstrated for hops, a botanical for menopausal symptom management. Employing targeted, adsorbent-free countercurrent separation, Humulus lupulus extracts were designed for pre- and postmenopausal women by containing various amounts of the phytoestrogen 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN) and the chemopreventive constituent xanthohumol (XH). Analysis of their estrogenic (alkaline phosphatase), chemopreventive (NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 [NQO1]), and cytotoxic bioactivities revealed that the estrogenicity of hops is a function of 8-PN, whereas their NQO1 induction and cytotoxic properties depend on XH levels. Antagonization of the estrogenicity of 8-PN by elevated XH concentrations provided evidence for the interdependence of the biological effects. A designed postmenopausal hop extract was prepared to balance 8-PN and XH levels for both estrogenic and chemopreventive properties. An extract designed for premenopausal women contains reduced 8-PN levels and high XH concentrations to minimize estrogenic while retaining chemopreventive properties. This study demonstrates the feasibility of modulating the concentrations of bioactive compounds in botanical extracts for potentially improved efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit
M. Dietz
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, 833 S. Wood
Street, M/C 781, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, 833 S. Wood
Street, M/C 781, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - René F.
Ramos Alvarenga
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, 833 S. Wood
Street, M/C 781, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Huali Dong
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, 833 S. Wood
Street, M/C 781, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Dejan Nikolić
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, 833 S. Wood
Street, M/C 781, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Martin Biendl
- Hopsteiner,
Hallertauer Hopfenveredelung GmbH, Auhofstrasse 16, 84048 Mainburg, Germany
| | - Richard B. van Breemen
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, 833 S. Wood
Street, M/C 781, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Judy L. Bolton
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, 833 S. Wood
Street, M/C 781, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Guido F. Pauli
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Center for Natural
Product Technologies, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, 833 S. Wood
Street, M/C 781, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
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18
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Wang S, Dunlap TL, Howell CE, Mbachu OC, Rue EA, Phansalkar R, Chen SN, Pauli GF, Dietz BM, Bolton JL. Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) Extract and 6-Prenylnaringenin Induce P450 1A1 Catalyzed Estrogen 2-Hydroxylation. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1142-50. [PMID: 27269377 PMCID: PMC4951797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Humulus lupulus L. (hops) is a popular botanical
dietary supplement used by women as a sleep aid and for postmenopausal
symptom relief. In addition to its efficacy for menopausal symptoms,
hops can also modulate the chemical estrogen carcinogenesis pathway
and potentially protect women from breast cancer. In the present study,
an enriched hop extract and the key bioactive compounds [6-prenylnarigenin
(6-PN), 8-prenylnarigenin (8-PN), isoxanthohumol (IX), and xanthohumol
(XH)] were tested for their effects on estrogen metabolism in breast
cells (MCF-10A and MCF-7). The methoxyestrones (2-/4-MeOE1) were analyzed as biomarkers for the nontoxic P450 1A1 catalyzed
2-hydroxylation and the genotoxic P450 1B1 catalyzed 4-hydroxylation
pathways, respectively. The results indicated that the hop extract
and 6-PN preferentially induced the 2-hydroxylation pathway in both
cell lines. 8-PN only showed slight up-regulation of metabolism in
MCF-7 cells, whereas IX and XH did not have significant effects in
either cell line. To further explore the influence of hops and its
bioactive marker compounds on P450 1A1/1B1, mRNA expression and ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (EROD) activity were measured. The results
correlated with the metabolism data and showed that hop extract and
6-PN preferentially enhanced P450 1A1 mRNA expression and increased
P450 1A1/1B1 activity. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation
by the isolated compounds was tested using xenobiotic response element
(XRE) luciferase construct transfected cells. 6-PN was found to be
an AhR agonist that significantly induced XRE activation and inhibited
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induced
XRE activity. 6-PN mediated induction of EROD activity was also inhibited
by the AhR antagonist CH223191. These data show that the hop extract
and 6-PN preferentially enhance the nontoxic estrogen 2-hydroxylation
pathway through AhR mediated up-regulation of P450 1A1, which further
emphasizes the importance of standardization of botanical extracts
to multiple chemical markers for both safety and desired bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Tareisha L Dunlap
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Caitlin E Howell
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Obinna C Mbachu
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Emily A Rue
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Rasika Phansalkar
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Guido F Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Birgit M Dietz
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Judy L Bolton
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
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19
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Abstract
Regulated differently than drugs or foods, the market for botanical dietary supplements continues to grow worldwide. The recently implemented U.S. FDA regulation that all botanical dietary supplements must be produced using good manufacturing practice is an important step toward enhancing the safety of these products, but additional safeguards could be implemented, and unlike drugs, there are currently no efficacy requirements. To ensure a safe and effective product, botanical dietary supplements should be developed in a manner analogous to pharmaceuticals that involves identification of mechanisms of action and active constituents, chemical standardization based on the active compounds, biological standardization based on pharmacological activity, preclinical evaluation of toxicity and potential for drug-botanical interactions, metabolism of active compounds, and finally, clinical studies of safety and efficacy. Completing these steps will enable the translation of botanicals from the field to safe human use as dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. van Breemen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research,
Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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20
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Stompor M, Dancewicz K, Gabryś B, Anioł M. Insect Antifeedant Potential of Xanthohumol, Isoxanthohumol, and Their Derivatives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6749-6756. [PMID: 26176501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Xanthohumol (14) and isoxanthohumol (6) derived from hop (Humulus lupulus L., Cannabaceae) and selected chalcone and chromene derivatives, obtained by chemical synthesis, were studied for antifeedant activity against the peach-potato aphid (Myzus persicae [Sulz.]). The study used also commercially available 4-chromanone (1), flavanone (4), naringenin (5), chromone (7), flavone (8), 7-aminoflavone (9), trans-chalcone (10), and 4-methoxychalcone (12). For chromone derivatives it was observed that the presence of a phenyl substituent at C-2 in the chromone (7) skeleton increased the insect antifeedant activity, and this activity was observed for a longer time. Also, the introduction of an amino group at C-7 of flavone (8) considerably increased the insect antifeedant activity, which was observed for the whole test time. Among the compounds examined, the strongest deterrents were isoxanthohumol (6), 7-methoxy-2,2-dimethylchroman-4-one (3), 7-aminoflavone (9), and 4-ethyl-4'-methoxychalcone (13).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Stompor
- †Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dancewicz
- §Department of Botany and Ecology, University of Zielona Góra, Szafrana 1, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Beata Gabryś
- §Department of Botany and Ecology, University of Zielona Góra, Szafrana 1, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Mirosław Anioł
- †Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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21
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Detection of structurally similar adulterants in botanical dietary supplements by thin-layer chromatography and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy combined with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 883:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Isoxanthohumol, a constituent of hop (Humulus lupulus L.), increases stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans dependent on the transcription factor DAF-16. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:257-65. [PMID: 25644181 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The flavanone isoxanthohumol (IX) has gained attention as antioxidative and chemopreventive agent, but the molecular mechanism of action remains unclear. We investigated effects of this secondary plant compound in vivo using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. METHODS Adult C. elegans nematodes were incubated with IX, and then, the stress resistance was analysed in the SYTOX assay; lifespan was monitored by touch-provoked movement method, the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured in the DCF assay, and the nuclear localisation of the transcription factor DAF-16 was analysed by using a transgenic strain. By the use of a DAF-16 loss-of-function strain, we analysed whether the effects are dependent on DAF-16. RESULTS IX increases the resistance of the nematode against thermal stress. Additionally, a reduction in ROS in vivo was caused by IX. Since the flavanone only has a marginal radical-scavenging capacity (TEAC assay), we suggest that IX mediates its antioxidative effects indirectly via activation of DAF-16 (homologue to mammalian FOXO proteins). The nuclear translocation of this transcription factor is increased by IX. In the DAF-16-mutated strain, the IX-mediated increase in stress resistance was completely abolished; furthermore, an increased formation of ROS and a reduced lifespan was mediated by IX. CONCLUSION IX or a bacterial metabolite of IX causes antioxidative effects as well as an increased stress resistance in C. elegans via activation of DAF-16. The homologous pathway may have implications in the molecular mechanism of IX in mammals.
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Martinez S, Davies N. Stereospecific quantitation of 6-prenylnaringenin in commercially available H. lupulus-containing natural health products and dietary supplements. Res Pharm Sci 2015; 10:182-91. [PMID: 26600844 PMCID: PMC4621624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
6-Prenylnaringenin (6PN) is a chiral prenylflavonoid found most prevalently in hops (Humulus lupulus) and present in hops and hop products. It is an isomer of the potent phytoestrogen, 8-prenylnaringenin. An enantiospecific method for quantitation 6PN by LC-ESI-MS has been developed. Baseline enantiomeric resolution of 6PN was attained on a Chiralpak(®) AD-RH column with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 10 mM ammonium formate (pH 8.5) (39:61, v/v) and a flow rate of 1.25 mL/min. Quantitative MS data were obtained by selected ion monitoring of the [M-H](-)-ion of both enantiomers of 6PN (m/z 339.10) and the internal standard, 4-acetamidobenzoic acid (m/z 178.05). The method was found to be accurate and precise for enantiospecific quantification of 6PN. The method was successfully applied to the content analysis of 39 commercially available natural health products and dietary supplements reported to contain H. lupulus plant material, extracts and label claims of 6PN. 6PN was present in 25 of 34 products containing plant material or extracts of H. lupulus. Of the five products with claimed amounts of 6PN, all were found to possess <50% of label claims. Results of the content analysis indicated a lack of uniformity in botanical nutraceuticals claiming 6PN content.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.E. Martinez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - N.M. Davies
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,Corresponding author: N.M. Davies Tel: 001 204 295 7068, Fax: 001 204 789 3744
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van Breemen RB, Yuan Y, Banuvar S, Shulman LP, Qiu X, Alvarenga RFR, Chen SN, Dietz BM, Bolton JL, Pauli GF, Krause E, Viana M, Nikolic D. Pharmacokinetics of prenylated hop phenols in women following oral administration of a standardized extract of hops. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1962-9. [PMID: 25045111 PMCID: PMC4265473 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Women seeking alternatives to hormone-replacement therapy for menopausal symptoms often try botanical dietary supplements containing extracts of hops (Humulus lupulus L.). Hops contain 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), a potent phytoestrogen, the related flavanones 6-prenylnaringenin and isoxanthohumol (IX), and the prenylated chalcone xanthohumol (XN). METHODS AND RESULTS After chemically and biologically standardizing an extract of spent hops to these marker compounds, an escalating dose study was carried out in menopausal women to evaluate safety and pharmacokinetics. 8-PN, 6-prenylnaringenin, IX, and XN, sex hormones, and prothrombin time were determined in blood samples and/or 24 h urine samples. There was no effect on sex hormones or blood clotting. The maximum serum concentrations of the prenylated phenols were dose-dependent and were reached from 2 to 7 h, indicating slow absorption. The marker compounds formed glucuronides that were found in serum and urine. Secondary peaks at 5 h in the serum concentration-time curves indicated enterohepatic recirculation. The serum concentration-time curves indicated demethylation of IX to form 8-PN and cyclization of XN to IX. Slow absorption and enterohepatic recirculation contributed to half-lives exceeding 20 h. CONCLUSION This human study indicated long half-lives of the estrogenic and proestrogenic prenylated phenols in hops but no acute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. van Breemen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Yang Yuan
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | | | | | - Xi Qiu
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - René F. Ramos Alvarenga
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Birgit M. Dietz
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Judy L. Bolton
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Guido F. Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Elizabeth Krause
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | | | - Dejan Nikolic
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
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