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Almurshedi AS, Radwan MA, Al Quadeib B, Aldosari B, Alfagih IM, Almarshidy SS. Pharmacokinetics of Afatinib after Intravenous and Oral Administrations in Rats Using Validated UPLC MS/MS Assay. J Chromatogr Sci 2024; 62:249-256. [PMID: 36617945 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Afatinib is designated as the first-line management therapy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, and metastatic head and neck cancer. LC coupled to MS/MS can be utilised in therapeutic drug monitoring to ensure optimal use of Afatinib with the reduction of its possible adverse reactions. The aim of this investigation was to determine the pharmacokinetics of Afatinib in rats after single IV (2 mg/kg) and oral (8 mg/kg) doses. Therefore, a selective, sensitive and precise UPLC MS/MS assay thru electrospray ionisation basis with positive ionisation approach was established to measure Afatinib concentrations in the rat. The precision and accuracy of the developed assay method in the concentration range of 10-1000 ng/ml show no significant difference among inter- and-intra-day analysis (P > 0.05). Linearity was detected over the studied range with correlation coefficient, r > 0.995 (n = 6/day). The pharmacokinetics of Afatinib in the rat after a single IV dose showed a mean terminal half-life of 4.6 ± 0.97 h, and a mean clearance 480 ± 80 ml/h/kg. After PO administration, a short absorption phase with a mean Tmax of 1.3 ± 0.6 h with the highest concentration of 513.9 ± 281.1 ng/ml, and the lowest concentration detected after 24 h was 18.8 ± 10.7 ng/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanood S Almurshedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 12331 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahasen A Radwan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice/Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo-Suez Road, 11829 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bushra Al Quadeib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 12331 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah Aldosari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 12331 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman M Alfagih
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 12331 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma S Almarshidy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 12331 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ishikawa E, Yokoyama Y, Chishima H, Kuniyoshi O, Sato I, Nakaya N, Nakajima H, Kimura M, Hakamata J, Suehiro N, Nakada H, Ikemura S, Jibiki A, Kawazoe H, Muramatsu H, Suzuki S, Nakamura T. Development and validation of a new liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for the simultaneous quantification of afatinib, dacomitinib, osimertinib, and the active metabolites of osimertinib in human serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1199:123245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Wang Y, Liang K, Shi J, Duan C, Li H, Chen H. Determination of Afatinib in Human Plasma by 2-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography. Pharmacology 2022; 107:290-297. [PMID: 35086096 DOI: 10.1159/000521181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A simple, sensitive, rapid, and practical 2-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) method was developed and validated for the quantification of a 500-μL afatinib sample extracted from human plasma. METHODS The plasma samples were pretreated with acetonitrile for protein precipitation. The mobile phase consisted of a first-dimensional mobile phase (acetonitrile, methanol, and 25 mmol/L ammonium phosphate in a ratio of 25:25:50, V/V/V) and a second-dimensional mobile phase (acetonitrile and 10 mmol/L ammonium phosphate in a ratio of 25:75, V/V). The average recovery of the plasma samples was stable and reproducible (98.56%-100.02%). RESULTS The analyte was sufficiently stable for handling and analysis. The calibration curve was linear, ranging from 10.93 to 277.25 ng/mL with regression equation y = 804.60 x - 4,169.87 (R2 = 0.999). The relative standard deviations for accuracy and precision studies were within ±2.30% and <3.41%, respectively (intra- and interday). Finally, the validated method was successfully employed to determine the drug levels in plasma from the patients treated with afatinib. In clinical assessment, the patients with gastric cancer were orally administered with 30 or 40 mg per day of afatinib, which resulted in large plasma concentrations, ranging from 5.52 to 45.16 ng/mL. CONCLUSION The results indicated that this method was useful for the therapeutic drug monitoring of afatinib and suitable for the assessment of the risks and benefits of chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Keke Liang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Cunxian Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Haisheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Attwa MW, Abdelhameed AS, Kadi AA. LC-MS/MS Estimation of Rociletinib Levels in Human Liver Microsomes: Application to Metabolic Stability Estimation. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:3915-3925. [PMID: 34552321 PMCID: PMC8450377 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s321330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rociletinib (CO-1686; RLC) is a new, small molecule that is orally administered to inhibit mutant-selective covalent inhibitor of most epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated forms, including T790M, L858R, and exon 19 deletions, but not exon 20 insertions. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a gene mutation that encodes EGFR is sensitive to approved EGFR inhibitors, but usually resistance develops, which is frequently mediated by T790M EGFR mutation. RLC is an EGFR inhibitor found to be active in preclinical models of EGFR-mutated NSCLC with or without T790M. METHODS In silico drug metabolism prediction of RLC was executed with the aid of the WhichP450 module (StarDrop software package) to verify its metabolic liability. Second, a fast, accurate, and competent LC-MS/MS assay was developed for RLC quantification to determine its metabolic stability. RLC and bosutinib (BOS) (internal standard; IS) were separated using an isocratic elution system with a C18 column (reversed stationary phase). RESULTS The developed LC-MS/MS analytical method showed linearity of 5-500 ng/mL with r2 ≥ 0.9998 in the human liver microsomes (HLMs) matrix. A limit of quantification of 4.6 ng/mL revealed the sensitivity of the analytical method, while the acquired inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision values below 4.63% inferred the method reproducibility. RLC metabolic stability estimation was calculated using intrinsic clearance (20.15 µL/min/mg) and in vitro half-life (34.39 min) values. CONCLUSION RLC exhibited a moderate extraction ratio indicative of good bioavailability. The developed analytical method herein is the first LC-MS/MS assay for RLC metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed W Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan A Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Mostafa GAE, Kadi AA, AlMasoud N, Attwa MW, Al-Shakliah NS, AlRabiah H. LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of the anti-cancer agent infigratinib: Application for estimation of metabolic stability in human liver microsomes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1179:122806. [PMID: 34325312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Infigratinib (INF) is a novel small molecule, administered orally, which acts as a human fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) inhibitor. FGFRs are a family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) reported to be upregulated in various tumor cell types. In 1 December 2020, BridgeBio Pharma Inc. announced FDA approval of INF as a New Drug Application, granting it Priority Review for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Thus, the current study aimed to establish a validated LC-MS/MS method to estimate the INF concentration in the HLM matrix. In silico prediction of INF metabolism was done using the StarDrop® WhichP450™ module to verify its metabolic stability. An accurate and efficient LC-MS/MS analytical method was developed for INF metabolic stability evaluation. INF and duvelisib (DVB) (internal standard; IS) were eluted using an isocratic mobile phase with a C18 column as a stationary reversed phase. The established LC-MS/MS method showed a linear range over 5-500 ng/mL (r2 ≥ 0.9998) in human liver microsomes (HLMs). The sensitivity of the method was confirmed at its limit of quantification (4.71 ng/mL), and reproducibility was indicated by inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision (within 7.3%). The evaluation of INF metabolic stability was assessed, which reflected an intrinsic clearance of 23.6 µL/min/mg and in vitro half-life of 29.4 min. The developed approach in the current study is the first LC-MS/MS method for INF metabolic stability assessment. Application of the developed method in HLM in vitro studies suggests that INF has a moderate extraction ratio, indicating relatively good predicted oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A E Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Micro-analytical Laboratory, Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adnan A Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla AlMasoud
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed W Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Students' University Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Nasser S Al-Shakliah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham AlRabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Luo X, Zhang XJ, Zhu WL, Yi JL, Xiong WG, Ye F, Zheng C, Fan MX. A Sensitive LC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of Afatinib in Human Plasma and Its Application to a Bioequivalence Study. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:61-67. [PMID: 33912896 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for the determination of afatinib (AFT) in human plasma was established. A simple sample preparation of protein precipitation was used and separation was achieved on a C18 column by the gradient mixture of mobile Phase A of water (containing 0.1% ammonia) and the mobile Phase B of acetonitrile and water (V:V = 95:5, containing 0.2% ammonia). The multiple reaction monitoring mode was used to monitor the precursor-to-production transitions of m/z 486.2 → m/z 371.4 for AFT and m/z 492.2 → m/z 371.3 for AFT-d6 (internal standard) at positive ionization mode. The calibration curve ranged from 0.100 to 25.0 ng·mL-1 and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.99. The intra- and inter-batch precision was less than or equal to 10.0%. Accuracy determined at four concentrations was in the range of 92.3-103.3%. In summary, our method was sensitive, simple and reliable for the quantification of AFT and was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Luo
- BE/Phase I clinical center, The first affiliated hospital of Xiamen university, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China.,Xiamen key laboratory of antitumor drug transformation research, The first affiliated hospital of Xiamen university, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China
| | - Xiu Jin Zhang
- BE/Phase I clinical center, The first affiliated hospital of Xiamen university, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China
| | - Wen Ling Zhu
- BE/Phase I clinical center, The first affiliated hospital of Xiamen university, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China
| | - Jin Ling Yi
- AccuBE PharmaTech, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China
| | | | - Feng Ye
- Xiamen key laboratory of antitumor drug transformation research, The first affiliated hospital of Xiamen university, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The first affiliated hospital of Xiamen university, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- BE/Phase I clinical center, The first affiliated hospital of Xiamen university, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China.,Xiamen key laboratory of antitumor drug transformation research, The first affiliated hospital of Xiamen university, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China
| | - Ming Xia Fan
- BE/Phase I clinical center, The first affiliated hospital of Xiamen university, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, China
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Retmana IA, Beijnen JH, Sparidans RW. Chromatographic bioanalytical assays for targeted covalent kinase inhibitors and their metabolites. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1162:122466. [PMID: 33316750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deriving from targeted kinase inhibitors (TKIs), targeted covalent kinase inhibitors (TCKIs) are a new class of TKIs that are covalently bound to their target residue of kinase receptors. Currently, there are many new TCKIs under clinical development besides afatinib, ibrutinib, osimertinib, neratinib, acalabrutinib, dacomitinib, and zanubrutinib that are already approved by the FDA. Subsequently, there is an increasing demand for bioanalytical methods to qualitatively and quantitively investigate those compounds, leading to a number of papers reporting the development, validation, and use of bioanalytical methods for TCKIs. Most publications describe the technological set up of analytical methods that allow quantification of TCKIs in various biomatrices such as plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, tissue, and liver microsomes. In addition, the identification of metabolites and biotransformation pathways of new TCKIs has gained more interest in recent years. We provide an overview of bioanalytical methods of this new class of TCKIs. The included issues are sample pretreatment, chromatographic separation, detection, and method validation. In the scope of bioanalysis of TCKIs, protein precipitation is mostly applied to treat the biological matrices sample. Liquid chromatographic in reversed-phase mode (RPLC) and mass detection with triple quadrupole (QqQ) are the most often utilized separation and quantitative detection modes, respectively. There may be a possibility of increased use of the high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for qualitative investigation purposes in the future. We also found that US FDA and EMA guidelines are the most common guidelines employed as validation framework for the bioanalytical methods of TCKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene A Retmana
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf W Sparidans
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Abdelhameed AS, Attwa MW, Kadi AA. Characterization of Stable and Reactive Metabolites of the Anticancer Drug, Ensartinib, in Human Liver Microsomes Using LC-MS/MS: An in silico and Practical Bioactivation Approach. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:5259-5273. [PMID: 33299299 PMCID: PMC7721118 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s274018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ensartinib (ESB) is a novel anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor (ALK) with additional activity against Abelson murine leukemia (ABL), met proto-oncogene (MET), receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL), and v-ros UR2 sarcoma virus oncogene homolog 1 (ROS1) and is considered a safer alternative for other ALK inhibitors. ESB chemical structure contains a dichloro-fluorophenyl ring and cyclic tertiary amine rings (piperazine) that can be bioactivated generating reactive intermediates. METHODS In vitro metabolic study of ESB with human liver microsomes (HLMs) was performed and the hypothesis of generating reactive intermediates during metabolism was tested utilizing trapping agents to capture and stabilize reactive intermediates to facilitate their LC-MS/MS detection. Reduced glutathione (GSH) and potassium cyanide (KCN) were utilized as trapping agents for quinone methide and iminium intermediates, respectively. RESULTS Four in vitro ESB phase I metabolites were characterized. Three reactive intermediates including one epoxide and one iminium intermediates were characterized. ESB bioactivation is proposed to occur through unexpected metabolic pathways. The piperazine ring was bioactivated through iminium ions intermediates generation, while the dichloro-phenyl group was bioactivated through a special mechanism that was revealed by LC-MS/MS. CONCLUSION These findings lay the foundations for additional work on ESB toxicity. Substituents to the bioactive centers (piperazine ring), either for blocking or isosteric replacement, would likely block or interrupt hydroxylation reaction that will end the bioactivation sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali S Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed W Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan A Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Attwa MW, Abdelhameed AS, Al-Shakliah NS, Kadi AA. LC-MS/MS Estimation of the Anti-Cancer Agent Tandutinib Levels in Human Liver Microsomes: Metabolic Stability Evaluation Assay. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:4439-4449. [PMID: 33122888 PMCID: PMC7591096 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s274118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tandutinib (MLN518 or CT 53518) (TND) is a novel, oral, small-molecule inhibitor of type III receptor tyrosine kinases utilized for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MATERIALS AND METHODS In silico prediction of hepatic drug metabolism for TND was determined using the StarDrop® WhichP450™ module to confirm its metabolic liability. Second, an efficient and accurate LC-MS/MS method was established for TND quantification to evaluate metabolic stability. TND and entrectinib (ENC) (internal standard; IS) were resolved using an isocratic elution system with a reversed stationary phase (C8 column). RESULTS The established LC-MS/MS method exhibited linearity (5-500 ng/mL) with r2 ≥0.9999 in the human liver microsomes matrix. The method sensitivity was indicated by the limit of quantification (3.8 ng/mL), and reproducibility was revealed by inter- and intraday precision and accuracy (below 10.5%). TND metabolic stability estimation was calculated using intrinsic clearance (22.03 µL/min/mg) and in vitro half-life (29.0 min) values. CONCLUSION TND exhibited a moderate extraction ratio indicative of good bioavailability. According to the literature, the approach developed in the present study is the first established LC-MS/MS method for assessing TND metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed W Attwa
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Abdelhameed
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser S Al-Shakliah
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan A Kadi
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Qiu Y, Tang C, Li R, Cao S, Zhang Y, Chen X. Simultaneous determination of sutetinib and its active metabolite sutetinib
N
‐oxide in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: Evaluation of plasma stability. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4918. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Qiu
- College of Pharmacy Nanchang University Nanchang China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Chongzhuang Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Ranran Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Sumin Cao
- Jiangsu Suzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd Taizhou City Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yuqiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Suzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd Taizhou City Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
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Sano K, Nakadate K, Hanada K. Minocycline prevents and repairs the skin disorder associated with afatinib, one of the epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:279. [PMID: 32252690 PMCID: PMC7137492 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06797-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) exert a breakthrough effect, the incidence of skin disorders as a side effect has significantly reduced patients’ quality of life. This study aimed to develop a treatment for inflammatory ulcers as one of the side effects of afatinib (Giotrif®), a second-generation EGFR-TKI, and established a skin disorder mouse model to investigate the protective effect of minocycline. Methods First, under inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane, the back of a male ddy mouse was shaved, and afatinib petrolatum was applied alone or in combination with minocycline to observe the state of the skin and measure transepidermal water transpiration (TEWL). Next, afatinib was administered orally to mice, and minocycline petrolatum was applied to observe whether the skin disorder was prevented and its effect on repair of the skin disorder. Results Skin injury occurred on the back of the mouse following afatinib (1 mg/g in petrolatum) application, and scab formation was observed. Application of minocycline prevented and improved the skin disorder caused by afatinib. When the minocycline-petrolatum mixture was applied to the mouse that developed the skin disorder, a significant improvement in TEWL was observed, and skin repair was observed macroscopically. Conclusions These results suggest that minocycline petrolatum applied locally prevents and repairs afatinib-induced skin disorders of non-small cell lung cancer patients. Histological examination of skin has provided insights into the mechanism of the occurrence of afatinib-related skin disorder and suggested the efficacy of minocycline topical application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Sano
- Department of Pharmacometrics and Pharmacokinetics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Nakadate
- Department of Basic Biology, Educational and Research Center for Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hanada
- Department of Pharmacometrics and Pharmacokinetics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
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Attwa MW, Kadi AA, Darwish HW. Metabolic Stability Assessment of Larotrectinib Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:111-119. [PMID: 32021096 PMCID: PMC6961173 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s235934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Larotrectinib (VITRAKVI) is an orally potent tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) inhibitor that acts by competitive inhibition of all corresponding receptor kinases. It demonstrated a marked response rate (75%) and robust anticancer activity in Trk fusion-positive patients. This response is independent of cancer type, age and gender. METHODS In this study, an efficient and accurate LC-MS/MS analytical method was developed for Larotrectinib (LRB) quantification in addition to evaluation of its metabolic stability. LRB and lapatinib (LTP) (which is chosen as an internal standard; IS) were eluted utilizing an isocratic mobile phase with a reversed phase elution system (C18 column). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The linearity range of the established method was 5-500 ng/mL (r 2 ≥ 0.9999) in the human liver microsomes (HLMs) matrix. Various parameters were calculated to validate the method sensitivity (limit of quantification was 5 ng/mL) and reproducibility (inter and intra-day accuracy and precision were below 3% in all samples) of our methodology. For evaluation of LRB metabolic stability in HLMs matrix, in vitro half-life (48.8 min) and intrinsic clearance (14.19 µL/min/mg) were computed. CONCLUSION Accordingly, we can conclude that LRB is a moderate extraction ratio drug when compared with other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). According to our knowledge, the discussed procedure in this study is the first LC-MS/MS analytical method for evaluating LRB metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed W Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
- Students’ University Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura35516, Egypt
| | - Adnan A Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany W Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo11562, Egypt
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Solassol I, Pinguet F, Quantin X. FDA- and EMA-Approved Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Advanced EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Safety, Tolerability, Plasma Concentration Monitoring, and Management. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110668. [PMID: 31671561 PMCID: PMC6921037 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common form of primary lung cancer. The discovery of several oncogenic driver mutations in patients with NSCLC has allowed the development of personalized treatments based on these specific molecular alterations, in particular in the tyrosine kinase (TK) domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. Gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, and osimertinib are TK inhibitors (TKIs) that specifically target EGFR and are currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) as first line treatment for sensitive EGFR-mutant patients. However, these four drugs are associated with severe adverse events (AEs) that can significantly impact patient health-related quality of life and patient monitoring. EGFR-TKIs are commonly used together with other types of medication that can substantially interact. Here, we review approaches used for the management of TKI-AEs in patients with advanced NSCLC to promote the benefits of treatments and minimize the risk of TKI treatment discontinuation. We also consider potential TKI–drug interactions and discuss the usefulness of plasma concentration monitoring TKIs based on chromatographic and mass spectrometry approaches to guide clinical decision-making. Adjusting the most appropriate therapeutic strategies and drug doses may improve the performance therapy and prognosis of patients with advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Solassol
- Unité de Recherche Translationnelle, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34000 Montpellier, France.
- Département de Pharmacie, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34000 Montpellier, France.
| | - Frédéric Pinguet
- Département de Pharmacie, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34000 Montpellier, France.
| | - Xavier Quantin
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), IRCM, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France.
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14
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Darwish IA, AlRabiah H, Hamidaddin MA. Development of two different formats of heterogeneous fluorescence immunoassay for bioanalysis of afatinib by employing fluorescence plate reader and KinExA 3200 immunosensor. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14742. [PMID: 31611565 PMCID: PMC6791937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Afatinib (AFT) is a potent and highly selective drug used to treat various solid tumors including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To ensure safe and effective treatment of cancer patients with AFT, its plasma concentrations should be monitored. Thus, sensitive immunoassays are required for measuring AFT concentrations in plasma samples. In this study, two different formats of heterogeneous fluorescent immunoassays were developed and validated for AFT bioanalysis. These assays were microwell-based fluorescence immunoassay (FIA) using fluorescence plate reader and kinetic exclusion assay (KinExA) using KinExA 3200 immunosensor. Both FIA and KinExA were developed using the same reagents: mouse anti-AFT antibody, solid-phase immobilized AFT conjugated with bovine serum albumin protein (AFT-BSA), and goat anti-mouse IgG labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-IgG) for signal generation. The analytical performances of both assays were comparatively evaluated, and the results revealed that although both assays had comparable accuracies, KinExA was superior to FIA in terms of sensitivity and precisions. Moreover, both FIA and KinExA were better alternatives to the existing chromatographic methods for bioanalysis of AFT. The proposed FIA and KinExA are anticipated to effectively contribute in ensuring safe and effective treatment with AFT in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Haitham AlRabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Hamidaddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medicinal and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
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15
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Abdelhameed AS, Attwa MW, Kadi AA. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry metabolic profiling of nazartinib reveals the formation of unexpected reactive metabolites. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190852. [PMID: 31598253 PMCID: PMC6731747 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nazartinib (EGF816, NZB) is a promising third-generation human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor. This novel irreversible mutant-selective EGFR inhibitor targets EGFR containing both the resistance mutation (T790M) and the activating mutations (L858R and Del19), while it does not affect wild-type EGFR. However, the metabolic pathway and bioactivation mechanisms of NZB are still unexplored. Thus, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we screened for products of NZB metabolism formed in vitro by human liver microsomal preparations and investigated the formation of reactive intermediates using potassium cyanide as a nucleophile trap. Unexpectedly, the azepane ring was not bioactivated. Instead, the carbon atom between the aliphatic linear tertiary amine and electron-withdrawing system (butenoyl amide group) was bioactivated, generating iminium intermediates as reactive species. Six NZB phase I metabolites, formed by hydroxylation, oxidation and N-demethylation, were characterized. Moreover, two reactive iminium ions were characterized and their corresponding bioactivation mechanisms were proposed. Based on our results, we speculate that bioactivation of NZB can be blocked by small sterically hindering groups, isosteric replacement or a spacer. This approach might reduce the toxicity of NZB by avoiding the generation of reactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali S. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed W. Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Students’ University Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Adnan A. Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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16
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Abdelhameed AS, Attwa MW, Kadi AA. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry metabolic profiling of nazartinib reveals the formation of unexpected reactive metabolites. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019. [PMID: 31598253 DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j5m8h10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nazartinib (EGF816, NZB) is a promising third-generation human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor. This novel irreversible mutant-selective EGFR inhibitor targets EGFR containing both the resistance mutation (T790M) and the activating mutations (L858R and Del19), while it does not affect wild-type EGFR. However, the metabolic pathway and bioactivation mechanisms of NZB are still unexplored. Thus, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we screened for products of NZB metabolism formed in vitro by human liver microsomal preparations and investigated the formation of reactive intermediates using potassium cyanide as a nucleophile trap. Unexpectedly, the azepane ring was not bioactivated. Instead, the carbon atom between the aliphatic linear tertiary amine and electron-withdrawing system (butenoyl amide group) was bioactivated, generating iminium intermediates as reactive species. Six NZB phase I metabolites, formed by hydroxylation, oxidation and N-demethylation, were characterized. Moreover, two reactive iminium ions were characterized and their corresponding bioactivation mechanisms were proposed. Based on our results, we speculate that bioactivation of NZB can be blocked by small sterically hindering groups, isosteric replacement or a spacer. This approach might reduce the toxicity of NZB by avoiding the generation of reactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali S Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed W Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Students' University Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Adnan A Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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17
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Determination of BPI15086 and its metabolite in human plasma by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Bioanalysis 2019; 11:773-784. [PMID: 30994009 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: BPI15086 is a potent, irreversible mutant-selective inhibitor of both EGFR (EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor) and the T790M resistance mutations tyrosine kinase. A simultaneous quantification method of BPI15086 and its main metabolite in human plasma using LC-MS/MS is documented and fully validated in this study. Methodology & results: Plasma samples were extracted and chromatographed on an Acquity ultra-high performance liquid chromatography BEH C18 column with a gradient elution. Detection was performed on a Sciex 5500 QTRAP® mass spectrometer using positive electrospray ionization. The results indicated that the method had excellent sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: For the first time a sensitive and robust ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS method was established and validated of BPI15086 in human plasma, this method was successfully applied in a first-in-human Phase I clinical trial studying the pharmacokinetics of the BPI15086 tablet in Chinese non-small-cell lung cancer patients.
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Abdelhameed AS, Kadi AA, Attwa MW, AlRabiah H. Validated LC-MS/MS assay for quantification of the newly approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor, dacomitinib, and application to investigating its metabolic stability. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214598. [PMID: 30947315 PMCID: PMC6448865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dacomitinib (DMB) is a second-generation irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that is claimed to overcome the disadvantages of the resistance reported for first-line epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) TKIs. Towards the end of 2018, the US Food and Drug Administration approved DMB in the form of VIZIMPRO tablets. In the current study, a validated LC-MS/MS assay was established for DMB quantification in rat liver microsomes (RLMs) with application to the drug metabolic stability assessment. Chromatographic resolution of DMB and lapatinib (internal standard) was achieved using an isocratic mobile phase and a reversed-phase C18 column. The linearity of the established LC-MS/MS assay ranged from 2 to 500 ng/mL with r2 ≥ 0.9999. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.35 and 1.1 ng/mL, respectively. The precision and accuracy (both intra-day and inter-day) were 0.84-3.58% and 92.2-100.32%, respectively. The metabolic stability of DMB in the RLM matrix was estimated by calculating two parameters, in vitro t1/2 (0.97 mL/min/kg) and intrinsic clearance (157.5 min). Such values infer that DMB would be excreted very slowly from the human body, which might lead to possible bioaccumulation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first method for DMB analysis in RLMs with metabolic stability estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali S. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan A. Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed W. Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Students’ University Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Haitham AlRabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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19
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Determination of tyrosine kinase inhibitor afatinib in rat plasma using LC–MS/MS and its application to in vivo pharmacokinetic studies of afatinib liposomes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 164:181-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Alrabiah H, Kadi AA, Attwa M, Abdelhameed AS. A simple liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to accurately determine the novel third-generation EGFR-TKI naquotinib with its applicability to metabolic stability assessment. RSC Adv 2019; 9:4862-4869. [PMID: 35514667 PMCID: PMC9060617 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09812c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Naquotinib (ASP8273, NQT) is a novel third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKIs). NQT was found to be more effective than osimertinib against the EGFR L858R plus T790M mutation (L858R+T790M). A rapid resolution liquid chromatography (RRLC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method was developed and validated for NQT quantification and its metabolic stability was investigated. NQT and foretinib (FTB) as an internal standard (IS) were separated using a mobile phase under isocratic conditions with a C18 column (reversed phase system). The linearity of the analytical method ranged from 5 to 500 ng mL−1 (coefficient of correlation [r2] ≥ 0.9999) in a human liver microsome (HLM) matrix. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.78 and 2.36 ng mL−1, respectively. The inter-day and intra-day accuracy and precision were −6.36 to 1.88 and 0.99 to 2.58%, respectively. The metabolic stability of NQT in the HLM matrix was calculated using the in vitro half-life (t1/2, 67.96 min) and intrinsic clearance (Clint, 2.12 mL min−1 kg−1). NQT is considered to be a moderate extraction ratio drug that is moderately excreted from the human body compared with other related TKIs. This proposed methodology is thought to be the first method for assessing NQT concentration and its metabolic stability. The first established LC-MS/MS method for NQT analysis. NQT was shown to be moderately excreted from the human body.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Alrabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan A. Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed W. Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Students’ University Hospital
| | - Ali S. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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21
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Attwa MW, Kadi AA. Sapitinib: reactive intermediates and bioactivation pathways characterized by LC-MS/MS. RSC Adv 2019; 9:32995-33006. [PMID: 35529145 PMCID: PMC9073192 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03926k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sapitinib is a competitive ATP inhibitor of EGFR and receptor tyrosine-protein kinase (erbB-2). Two cyano and one oxime adducts, and six in vitro metabolites of sapitinib were identified using LC-MS/MS. The bioactivation pathways were characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed W. Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Saudi Arabia
- Students' University Hospital
| | - Adnan A. Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- King Saud University
- Saudi Arabia
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22
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Attwa M, Kadi AA, Abdelhameed AS. Characterization of reactive intermediates formation in dacomitinib metabolism and bioactivation pathways elucidation by LC-MS/MS: in vitro phase I metabolic investigation. RSC Adv 2018; 8:38733-38744. [PMID: 35558335 PMCID: PMC9090608 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06709k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dacomitinib (DCB) is a second generation irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that is claimed to overcome the disadvantages of the resistance developed by the first line epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) TKIs. In the current study, metabolites of phase I for DCB were systematically explored. DCB reactive metabolites were also investigated in rat liver microsomes in presence of potassium cyanide or methoxylamine that were employed as capturing agents for iminium reactive intermediates and aldehyde, respectively, to form stable complexes which can be detected by LC-MS/MS. As a result, four in vitro phase I metabolites were observed with major pathway of piperidine ring hydroxylation. Additionally, two potentially reactive intermediates, one aldehyde and one iminium ions were characterized. Two different pathways of bioactivation were ultimately proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed W. Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud UniversityP. O. Box 2457 Riyadh11451Saudi Arabia+966 1146 76 220+966 1146 70237
| | - Adnan A. Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud UniversityP. O. Box 2457 Riyadh11451Saudi Arabia+966 1146 76 220+966 1146 70237
| | - Ali S. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud UniversityP. O. Box 2457 Riyadh11451Saudi Arabia+966 1146 76 220+966 1146 70237
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23
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Sogawa R, Saita T, Yamamoto Y, Kimura S, Narisawa Y, Kimura S, Shin M. Development of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for therapeutic drug monitoring of afatinib. J Pharm Anal 2018; 9:49-54. [PMID: 30740257 PMCID: PMC6355467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Afatinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved for treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer. It is necessary to develop a simple quantification method for TKIs in order to facilitate therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in clinical settings. This study sought to develop a simple and sensitive competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify afatinib in plasma for routine pharmacokinetic applications. An anti-afatinib antibody was obtained using (S)-N-4-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-7-(tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy)-quinazoline-4,6-diamine (CTQD), which has the same substructure as afatinib, as a hapten. Enzyme labeling of afatinib with horseradish peroxidase was similarly performed using CTQD. A simple competitive ELISA for afatinib was developed based on the principle of direct competition between afatinib and the enzyme marker for the anti-afatinib antibody, which had been immobilized on the plastic surface of a microtiter plate. Plasma afatinib concentrations below the limit of quantification of 30 pg/mL were reproducibly measurable. Also, the values of plasma afatinib levels measured from 20 patients were comparable with those measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and there was a strong correlation between the values determined by both methods (Y = 0.976X – 0.207, r = 0.975). As indicated by its specificity and sensitivity, this newly developed ELISA for afatinib is an important tool for TDM and studies of the pharmacokinetics of afatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Sogawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Saga University Hospital, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Saita
- Applied Life Science Department, Faculty of Biotechnology and Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamamoto
- Applied Life Science Department, Faculty of Biotechnology and Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Sakiko Kimura
- Department of Pharmacy, Saga University Hospital, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Yutaka Narisawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Saga University Hospital, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Shinya Kimura
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849‑8501, Japan
| | - Masashi Shin
- Applied Life Science Department, Faculty of Biotechnology and Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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24
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Development and validation of an ELISA with high sensitivity for therapeutic monitoring of afatinib. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:1511-1523. [PMID: 30117333 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To support the therapeutic drug monitoring of afatinib (AFT), an ELISA was required. RESULTS A hapten for AFT was prepared and linked to each of BSA and KLH proteins by diazotization/coupling reaction. A polyclonal antibody recognizing AFT with high affinity (IC50 = 40 ng ml-1) was generated and used in the development of a competitive ELISA for quantitation of AFT in plasma samples. The assay limit of detection was 2 ng ml-1. The assay accuracy and precision were proved. CONCLUSION The assay is an appropriate alternative to the existing LC-MS/MS assays for AFT and it is anticipated to effectively contribute to the therapeutic drug monitoring of AFT in clinical settings.
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25
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Attwa MW, Kadi AA, Darwish HW, Amer SM, Alrabiah H. A reliable and stable method for the determination of foretinib in human plasma by LC-MS/MS: Application to metabolic stability investigation and excretion rate. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2018; 24:344-351. [PMID: 29629565 DOI: 10.1177/1469066718768327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Foretinib (GSK1363089) is a multiple receptor tyrosine kinases inhibitor. In this study, a reliable, fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method was described for assaying foretinib in plasma, urine, and rat liver microsome samples. Simple extraction procedure by protein preciptation with acetonitrile was implemented for foretinib and brigatinib (internal standard) analysis. Chromatographic resolution of analytes was achieved on C18 column with the help of isocratic mobile phase. The binary mobile phase consisted of 60% ammonium formate (10 mM, pH 4.2) and 40% acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. Run time was 3 min, and both foretinib and brigatinib were eluted within 0.74 and 1.95 min; they were detected in positive ion mode utilizing multiple reactions monitoring mode. Linearity of the proposed method ranged from 5 to 500 ng/mL (r2 ≥ 0.9993) in the human plasma. Lower limit of quantification and detection were 6.0 and 1.8 ng/mL, respectively. Intraday and interday precision and accuracy were 0.16 to 1.67 % and -2.39 to -0.52 %. In vitro half-life and intrinsic clearance were 24.93 min and 6.56 mL/min/kg, respectively. Literature review showed that no previous studies have been proposed for the analytical quantification of foretinib in human plasma or its metabolic stability. The established method was also applied to estimate the rate of foretinib excretion in rat urine. The developed method can be used for foretinib pharmacokinetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed W Attwa
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan A Kadi
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany W Darwish
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- 2 Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sawsan M Amer
- 2 Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haitham Alrabiah
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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26
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In vitro Investigation of Metabolic Profiling of a Potent Topoisomerase Inhibitors Fluorescein Hydrazones (FLHs) in RLMs by LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1054:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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27
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Kadi AA, Al-Shakliah NS, Yin W, Rahman AFMM. In vitro investigation of metabolic profiling of newly developed topoisomerase inhibitors (ethyl fluorescein hydrazones, EtFLHs) in RLMs by LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1054:93-104. [PMID: 28433551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic profiling of newly reported five topoisomerase inhibitors namely ethyl fluorescein hydrazones (EtFLHs) were studied in rat liver microsomes (RLMs) and the data were acquired in a liquid chromatography (LC) ion trap mass spectrometry. Hydroxyl group containing EtFLHs derivatives (1-3) were bio-transformed into hydrolyzed, mono-hydroxylated and hydrolyzed together with mono-hydroxylated metabolites. On the other hand, nitro and methoxy groups containing EtFLHs derivatives (4-5) were bio-transformed into hydrolyzed, hydrolyzed together with mono-hydroxylated and azo-reductive metabolites in the presence of NADPH. No metabolites were observed in the absence of either NADPH or microsomes for the compounds (1-5), indicating a likely involvement of CYP450 enzymes and cofactor NADPH in the metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan A Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser S Al-Shakliah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wencui Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - A F M Motiur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Abdelhameed AS, Attwa MW, Kadi AA. An LC-MS/MS method for rapid and sensitive high-throughput simultaneous determination of various protein kinase inhibitors in human plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali S. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Pharmacy, King Saud University; Riyadh Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed W. Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Pharmacy, King Saud University; Riyadh Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan A. Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Pharmacy, King Saud University; Riyadh Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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