Rapid quantitative analysis of etoricoxib in human plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and application to a pharmacokinetic study in Chinese healthy volunteers

Novel RP-HPLC method for estimation of a newly developed combination of tizanidine and etoricoxib in rat plasma: Eight criteria for greens evaluation

A novel environmentally friendly reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been effectively validated for simultaneously measuring a prospective conjunction of tizanidine (TIZ) and etoricoxib (ETC), the combined medicine, in rat plasma. The technique employs diclofenac potassium as the internal standard, guaranteeing dependable and precise outcomes. This study aimed to assess the impact of the suggested combination therapy on treating inflammation resulting from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a rat model. The procedure was performed using an Agilent series 1200 model HPLC apparatus. The chromatographic conditions consist of isocratic elution mode, C18 column with dimensions of 150 mm × 4.6 mm × 5 µm, flow rate of 1.5 mL/min, wavelength of 230 nm, temperature of 50°C, and injection volume of 10 µL. The elution was performed using a mobile phase consisting of a phosphate buffer with a pH of 3.5 and acetonitrile in a ratio of 80:20 v/v. Calibration curves were conducted for TIZ and ETC within the 1-50 µg/mL range, demonstrating linear trends with R2 values over 0.999. The effectiveness and eco-friendliness of the proposed method were evaluated using eight separate environmentally conscious metrics. The addition of TIZ and ETC to arthritic rodents amplified these effects significantly. Furthermore, TIZ and ETC significantly reduced serum levels in arthritic rodents, and safety investigations revealed normal complete blood count, liver, and renal functions. TIZ and ETC appear to have antiarthritic, anti-inflammatory, and safe combinations, making them viable future treatment options for RA that are also safe and efficacious. Following validation by United States Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA) rules, all goods met the criteria.

Quantification of Etoricoxib in Low Plasma Volume by UPLC-PDA and Application to Preclinical Pharmacokinetic Study

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array (UPLC-PDA) UV detection method was developed here for the first time for simple, rapid, selective and sensitive quantification of the commonly prescribed selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor etoricoxib in low plasma volumes (50 μL). The method includes protein precipitation followed by liquid-liquid extraction, evaporation and reconstitution. A gradient mobile phase of 75:25 going to 55:45 (v/v) water:acetonitrile (1 mL/min flow rate) was applied. Total run time was 8 min, representing a significant improvement relative to previous reports. Excellent linearity (r2 = 1) was obtained over a wide (0.1-12 µg/mL) etoricoxib concentration range. Short retention times for etoricoxib (4.9 min) and the internal standard trazodone (6.4 min), as well as high stability, recovery, accuracy, precision and reproducibility, and low etoricoxib LOD (20 ng/mL) and LOQ (100 ng/mL), were achieved. Finally, the method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study (single 20 mg/kg orally administered etoricoxib mini-capsule) in rats. In conclusion, the advantages demonstrated in this work make this analytical method both time- and cost-efficient for drug monitoring in pre-clinical/clinical settings.

Fast and Sensitive HPLC-ESI-MS/MS Method for Etoricoxib Quantification in Human Plasma and Application to Bioequivalence Study

Etoricoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain and inflammation. The objective of the current study was to develop a sensitive, fast and high-throughput HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method to measure etoricoxib levels in human plasma using a one-step methanol protein precipitation technique. A tandem mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source operated in a positive mode and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) were used for data collection. The quantitative MRM transition ions were m/z 359.15 > 279.10 and m/z 363.10 > 282.10 for etoricoxib and IS. The linear range was from 10.00 to 4000.39 ng/mL and the validation parameters were within the acceptance limits of the European Medicine Agency (EMA) and Food and Drug Analysis (FDA) guidelines. The present method was sensitive (10.00 ng/mL with S/N > 40), simple, selective (K prime > 2), and fast (short run time of 2 min), with negligible matrix effect and consistent recovery, suitable for high throughput analysis. The method was used to quantitate etoricoxib plasma concentrations in a bioequivalence study of two 120 mg etoricoxib formulations. Incurred sample reanalysis results further supported that the method was robust and reproducible.

A Critical Review on Analytical Methods for Recently Approved FDC Drugs: Pregabalin and Etoricoxib

Fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) refer to products containing two or more active ingredients combined in a single dosage form. The FDCs are justified because of several advantages. These are a) potentiating therapeutic efficacy, b) reducing the incidences of adverse drug effects, c) having pharmacokinetic advantages, d) reducing pills burden, e) reducing the dose of individual drugs and f) decreasing the drug resistance development. A recently approved FDC of Pregabalin IP (75 mg) and Etoricoxib (60 mg) recommended to control neuropathic chronic back pain. Analytical methods are available for individual quantitation of pregabalin (PGB) and etoricoxib (ETC), but an effective and reliable analytical method has not been reported for their combination. Thus, the objective of this literature survey was to gather information on various analytical instrumental methods used so far for the individual quantitation of PGB and ETC in various matrices. Such data would be useful to the scientific community to develop a novel analytical method for the analysis of recently approved FDC of PGB and ETC. Various scientific databases were explored to meet the objectives, and the information is synchronized. The reported methods are high-performance liquid chromatography (48% & 53%), hyphenated techniques (54% & 21%), spectroscopy (50% & 34%), and high-performance thin-layer chromatography, or thin-layer chromatography (6% & 13%) for pregabalin and etoricoxib, respectively. All these methods were specific and selective for the analysis of individual drugs.

TLC-Densitometric Determination of Five Coxibs in Pharmaceutical Preparations

A class of drugs called coxibs (COX-2 inhibitors) were created to help relieve pain and inflammation of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis with the lowest amount of side effects possible. The presented paper describes a new developed, optimized and validated thin layer chromatographic (TLC)-densitometric procedure for the simultaneous assay of five coxibs: celecoxib, etoricoxib, firecoxib, rofecoxib and cimicoxib. Chromatographic separation was conducted on HPTLC F254 silica gel chromatographic plates as a stationary phase using chloroform–acetone–toluene (12:5:2, v/v/v) as a mobile phase. Densitometric detection was carried out at two wavelengths of 254 and 290 nm. The method was tested according to ICH guidelines for linearity, recovery and specificity. The presented method was linear in a wide range of concentrations for all analyzed compounds, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99. The method is specific, precise (%RSD < 1) and accurate (more than 95%, %RSD < 2). Low-cost, simple and rapid, it can be used in laboratories for drug monitoring and quality control.