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Zuccari G, Villa C, Iurilli V, Barabino P, Zorzoli A, Marimpietri D, Caviglia D, Russo E. AmBisome ® Formulations for Pediatrics: Stability, Cytotoxicity, and Cost-Effectiveness Studies. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:466. [PMID: 38675127 PMCID: PMC11054559 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Liposomal amphotericin B (Ambisome®) is the gold standard for the treatment and prevention of fungal infections both in the adult and pediatric populations. The lyophilized dosage form has to be reconstituted and diluted by hospital staff, but its management can be challenging due to the spontaneous tendency of amphotericin B to form aggregates with different biological activity. In this study, the colloidal stability of the liposomes and the chemical stability of amphotericin B were investigated over time at storage conditions. Three liposomal formulations of amphotericin B at 4.0 mg/mL, 2.0 mg/mL, and 0.2 mg/mL were prepared and assayed for changes regarding the dimensional distribution, zeta potential, drug aggregation state, and onset of by-products. Our analyses highlighted that the most diluted formulation, kept at room temperature, showed the greatest changes in the aggregation state of the drug and accordingly the highest cytotoxicity. These findings are clinically relevant since the lower dosages are addressed to the more vulnerable patients. Therefore, the centralization of the dilution of AmBisome® at the pharmacy is of fundamental importance for assuring patient safety, and at the same time for reducing medication waste, as we demonstrated using the cost-saving analysis of drug expense per therapy carried out at the G. Gaslini children hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Zuccari
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.V.); (D.C.)
| | - Carla Villa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.V.); (D.C.)
| | - Valentina Iurilli
- UOC—Unità Operativa Complessa, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (V.I.); (P.B.)
| | - Paola Barabino
- UOC—Unità Operativa Complessa, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (V.I.); (P.B.)
| | - Alessia Zorzoli
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (A.Z.); (D.M.)
| | - Danilo Marimpietri
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (A.Z.); (D.M.)
| | - Debora Caviglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.V.); (D.C.)
| | - Eleonora Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.V.); (D.C.)
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Fernández-García R, Walsh D, O'Connell P, Slowing K, Raposo R, Paloma Ballesteros M, Jiménez-Cebrián A, Chamorro-Sancho MJ, Bolás-Fernández F, Healy AM, Serrano DR. Can amphotericin B and itraconazole be co-delivered orally? Tailoring oral fixed-dose combination coated granules for systemic mycoses. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 183:74-91. [PMID: 36623752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of invasive fungal infections have increased significantly over the last few years, leading to a global health problem due to the lack of effective treatments. Amphotericin B (AmB) and itraconazole (ITR) are two antifungal drugs with different mechanisms of action. In this work, AmB and ITR have been formulated within granules to elicit an enhanced pharmacological effect, while enhancing the oral bioavailability of AmB. A Quality by Design (QbD) approach was utilised to prepare fixed-dose combination (FDC) granules consisting of a core containing AmB with functional excipients, such as inulin, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), chitosan, sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) and Soluplus® and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), coated with a polymeric layer containing ITR with Soluplus® or a combination of Poloxamer 188 and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose-acetyl succinate (HPMCAS). A Taguchi design of experiments (DoE) with 7 factors and 2 levels was carried out to understand the key factors impacting on the physicochemical properties of the formulation followed by a Box-Behnken design with 3 factors in 3 levels chosen to optimise the formulation parameters. The core of the FDC granules was obtained by wet granulation and later coated using a fluidized bed. In vitro antifungal efficacy was demonstrated by measuring the inhibition halo against different species of Candida spp., including C. albicans (24.19-30.48 mm), C. parapsilosis (26.38-27.84 mm) and C. krusei (11.48-17.92 mm). AmB release was prolonged from 3 to 24 h when the AmB granules were coated. In vivo in CD-1 male mice studies showed that these granules were more selective towards liver, spleen and lung compared to kidney (up to 5-fold more selective in liver, with an accumulation of 8.07 µg AmB/g liver after twice-daily 5 days administration of granules coated with soluplus-ITR), resulting in an excellent oral administration option in the treatment of invasive mycosis. Nevertheless, some biochemical alterations were found, including a decrease in blood urea nitrogen (∼17 g/dl) and alanine aminotransferase (<30 U/l) and an increase in the levels of bilirubin (∼0.2 mg/dl) and alkaline phosphatase (<80 U/l), which could be indicative of a liver failure. Once-daily regimen for 10 days can be a promising therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernández-García
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Walsh
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Peter O'Connell
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Karla Slowing
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafaela Raposo
- Seccion Departamental de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Paloma Ballesteros
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Francisco Bolás-Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne Marie Healy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Dolores R Serrano
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Capsule Phase Microextraction Combined with Chemometrics for the HPLC Determination of Amphotericin B in Human Serum. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9120433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This article discusses the use of a sorbent-based microextraction technique employing a capsule device to isolate amphotericin B (AMB) from human serum before analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). AMB is a macrocyclic compound used for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. Before determining AMB in human serum by HPLC, a sample preparation step is required. Capsule phase microextraction (CPME) integrates the stirring and filtration mechanisms in a single unit, simplifying the sample preparation procedure. Moreover, it results in fast extraction kinetics and high extraction efficiency, while it has proved to be a powerful tool for bioanalysis. Different sol–gel sorbent encapsulated microextraction capsules were investigated, and sol–gel Carbowax 20 M was finally chosen as the basis for the microextraction device. Accordingly, the sample preparation protocol was investigated using a face-centered central composite design to achieve good extraction performance. The optimum protocol was validated in terms of linearity, selectivity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), precision, and accuracy. The linear range of the developed approach was 0.10–10.0 μg mL−1. The LOD value was 0.03 μg mL−1, and the LOQ value was 0.10 μg mL−1. Method accuracy (expressed as relative recovery) was 87–113%, while the relative standard deviation of the repeatability (sr) and within-laboratory reproducibility (sR) were <12.4%. The sol–gel sorbent encapsulated microextraction capsules were reusable for at least 10 extraction cycles. All things considered, the proposed method exhibited good overall performance, and it could be used in bioanalysis for quality control, therapeutic drug monitoring and research purposes.
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Fatima MT, Islam Z, Ahmad E, Hoque M, Yamin M. Plasma Bead Entrapped Liposomes as a Potential Drug Delivery System to Combat Fungal Infections. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27031105. [PMID: 35164370 PMCID: PMC8840493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibrin-based systems offer promises in drug and gene delivery as well as tissue engineering. We established earlier a fibrin-based plasma beads (PB) system as an efficient carrier of drugs and antigens. In the present work, attempts were made to further improve its therapeutic efficacy exploiting innovative ideas, including the use of plasma alginate composite matrices, proteolytic inhibitors, cross linkers, and dual entrapment in various liposomal formulations. In vitro efficacy of the different formulations was examined. Pharmacokinetics of the formulations encapsulating Amphotericin B (AmpB), an antifungal compound, were investigated in Swiss albino mice. While administration of the free AmpB led to its rapid elimination (<72 h), PB/liposome-PB systems were significantly effective in sustaining AmpB release in the circulation (>144 h) and its gradual accumulation in the vital organs, also compared to the liposomal formulations alone. Interestingly, the slow release of AmpB from PB was unusual compared to other small molecules in our earlier findings, suggesting strong interaction with plasma proteins. Molecular interaction studies of bovine serum albumin constituting approximately 60% of plasma with AmpB using isothermal titration calorimetry and in silico docking verify these interactions, explaining the slow release of AmpB entrapped in PB alone. The above findings suggest that PB/liposome-PB could be used as safe and effective delivery systems to combat fungal infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazza Tamkeen Fatima
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit (IBU), Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh 202002, India; (E.A.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zeyaul Islam
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil;
| | - Ejaj Ahmad
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit (IBU), Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh 202002, India; (E.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Mehboob Hoque
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit (IBU), Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh 202002, India; (E.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Marriam Yamin
- Functional and Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil;
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Self-assembling, supramolecular chemistry and pharmacology of amphotericin B: Poly-aggregates, oligomers and monomers. J Control Release 2021; 341:716-732. [PMID: 34933052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Antifungal drugs such as amphotericin B (AmB) interact with lipids and phospholipids located on fungal cell membranes to disrupt them and create pores, leading to cell apoptosis and therefore efficacy. At the same time, the interaction can also take place with cell components from mammalian cells, leading to toxicity. AmB was selected as a model antifungal drug due to the complexity of its supramolecular chemical structure which can self-assemble in three different aggregation states in aqueous media: monomer, oligomer (also known as dimer) and poly-aggregate. The interplay between AmB self-assembly and its efficacy or toxicity against fungal or mammalian cells is not yet fully understood. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that investigates the role of excipients in the supramolecular chemistry of AmB and the impact on its biological activity and toxicity. The monomeric state was obtained by complexation with cyclodextrins resulting in the most toxic state, which was attributed to the greater production of highly reactive oxygen species upon disruption of mammalian cell membranes, a less specific mechanism of action compared to the binding to the ergosterol located in fungal cell membranes. The interaction between AmB and sodium deoxycholate resulted in the oligomeric and poly-aggregated forms which bound more selectively to the ergosterol of fungal cell membranes. NMR combined with XRD studies elucidated the interaction between drug and excipient to achieve the AmB aggregation states, and ultimately, their diffusivity across membranes. A linear correlation between particle size and the efficacy/toxicity ratio was established allowing to modulate the biological effect of the drug and hence, to improve pharmacological regimens. However, particle size is not the only factor modulating the biological response but also the equilibrium of each state which dictates the fraction of free monomeric form available. Tuning the aggregation state of AmB formulations is a promising strategy to trigger a more selective response against fungal cells and to reduce the toxicity in mammalian cells.
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Mehrabani Yeganeh E, Bagheri H, Mahjub R. Preparation, Statistical Optimization and In-vitro Characterization of a Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) Containing Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Encapsulating Amphotericin B: Ion Paired Complexes with Distearoyl Phosphatidylglycerol. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 19:45-62. [PMID: 33680009 PMCID: PMC7757990 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.15208.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare dry powder inhalers (DPIs) containing amphotericin B-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (AMB-SLNs) as an alternative approach for prevention of pulmonary aspergillosis. For solubilizing AMB in small amounts of organic solvents ion paired complexes were firstly formed by establishing electrostatic interaction between AMB and distearoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DSPG). The SLN formulations containing AMB-DSPG complexes were prepared using glycerol monostearate (GMS) as the lipid matrix and soybean lecithin and tween 80 as the surfactants by solvent emulsification-evaporation technique. The nanoparticles were optimized through a fractional factorial design. DPIs were prepared by lyophilization technique using lactose as the inhalational carrier and then after, the formulations were evaluated in terms of aerodynamic particle size distribution using an Andersen cascade impactor. The morphology of the particles was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and in-vitro drug release profiles were evaluated. Following the statistical results, the particle size, Poly dispersity index (PdI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (EE%), and drug loading (DL%) of the optimized SLNs were 187.04 ± 11.97 nm, 0.188 ± 0.028, -30.16 ± 1.6 mV, 89.3 ± 3.47 % and 2.76 ± 0.32 %, respectively. Formulation containing 10% w/v of lactose with the calculated fine particle fraction value as 72.57 ± 4.33% exhibited the appropriate aerodynamic characteristics for pulmonary drug delivery. SEM images revealed de-agglomerated particles. In-vitro release studies showed sustained release of AMB from the carriers and the release kinetics were best fitted to the first order kinetic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Mehrabani Yeganeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hossein Bagheri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Reza Mahjub
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Wang D, Zhang W, Ju JX, Wang LJ, Huang RY, Xu YF, Zhang HL, Qi JL. Gender differences in acute toxicity, toxicokinetic and tissue distribution of amphotericin B liposomes in rats. Toxicol Lett 2021; 338:78-84. [PMID: 33309996 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB), an effective polyene drug with broad spectrum antifungal activity, is used for serious fungal infections. Liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) is a lipid dosage form, which has a significantly improved toxicity profile compared with conventional amphotericin B deoxycholate (DAmB). This study focused on verifying the gender differences in the acute toxicity of LAmB and further exploring its causes. Acute toxicity study of LAmB and DAmB were performed in rats, and toxicity responses and mortality of different sexes were observed and recorded. Concentrations of AmB in rat plasma and tissues were determined by a fully validated UPLC-MS/MS assay. The results demonstrated that LAmB showed significant gender differences in acute toxicity, with more severe toxic symptoms and higher mortality for female rats at different doses, but the same differences were not observed for DAmB under the same condition. To explore the cause of differences, toxicokinetic and tissue distribution studies were performed and the results showed that female animals had higher drug exposure, longer half-life and lower plasma clearance compared to male rats, and the drug was mostly distributed in the liver and kidneys, in which female rats displayed a significant higher concentration than that of male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050017, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050000, China
| | - Jie-Xi Ju
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050000, China
| | - Lu-Jia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050000, China
| | - Ru-Yu Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050000, China
| | - Yan-Fang Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050000, China
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050000, China
| | - Jin-Long Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050000, China.
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Fernández-García R, Statts L, de Jesus JA, Dea-Ayuela MA, Bautista L, Simão R, Bolás-Fernández F, Ballesteros MP, Laurenti MD, Passero LFD, Lalatsa A, Serrano DR. Ultradeformable Lipid Vesicles Localize Amphotericin B in the Dermis for the Treatment of Infectious Skin Diseases. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2647-2660. [PMID: 32810398 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous fungal and parasitic diseases remain challenging to treat, as available therapies are unable to permeate the skin barrier. Thus, treatment options rely on systemic therapy, which fail to produce high local drug concentrations but can lead to significant systemic toxicity. Amphotericin B (AmB) is highly efficacious in the treatment of both fungal and parasitic diseases such as cutaneous leishmaniasis but is reserved for parenteral administration in patients with severe pathophysiology. Here, we have designed and optimized AmB-transfersomes [93.5% encapsulation efficiency, 150 nm size, and good colloidal stability (-35.02 mV)] that can remain physicochemically stable (>90% drug content) at room temperature and 4 °C over 6 months when lyophilized and stored under desiccated conditions. AmB-transfersomes possessed good permeability across mouse skin (4.91 ± 0.41 μg/cm2/h) and 10-fold higher permeability across synthetic Strat-M membranes. In vivo studies after a single topical application in mice showed permeability and accumulation within the dermis (>25 μg AmB/g skin 6 h postadministration), indicating the delivery of therapeutic amounts of AmB for mycoses and cutaneous leishmaniasis, while a single daily administration in Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis infected mice over 10 days, resulted in excellent efficacy (98% reduction in Leishmania parasites). Combining the application of AmB-transfersomes with metallic microneedles in vivo increased the levels in the SC and dermis but was unlikely to elicit transdermal levels. In conclusion, AmB-transfersomes are promising and stable topical nanomedicines that can be readily translated for parasitic and fungal infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larry Statts
- Biomaterials, Bio-engineering and Nanomedicines (BioN) Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St. Michael’s Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Jéssica A. de Jesus
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM-50), Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 455, 01246903 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Carrer Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, 46113 Valencia, Spain
| | - Liliana Bautista
- Biomaterials, Bio-engineering and Nanomedicines (BioN) Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St. Michael’s Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Marcia Dalastra Laurenti
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM-50), Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 455, 01246903 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz F. D. Passero
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, São Vicente Praça Infante Dom Henrique s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute for Advanced Studies of Ocean, São Vicente Av. João Francisco Bensdorp 1178, 11350-011 São Vicente, SP (Brazil)
| | - Aikaterini Lalatsa
- Biomaterials, Bio-engineering and Nanomedicines (BioN) Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St. Michael’s Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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Marena GD, Ramos MADS, Bauab TM, Chorilli M. A Critical Review of Analytical Methods for Quantification of Amphotericin B in Biological Samples and Pharmaceutical Formulations. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:555-576. [PMID: 32880190 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1811947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) is an important antifungal agent available in the clinical practice with the action mechanism related to the inhibition of ergosterol molecule present in the fungal cell wall. Given this, in order to expand AmB knowledge, this review article gathers important information of the AmB physical, chemical, and biological properties. In addition, the main analytical methods for quantifying and determining the AmB were also reported in this review, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS/MS), immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA), capillary zone electrophoresis (CE) stands out and among others. Based in this review article, the scientific community will have important information to choose the best method for analysis in their scientific or clinical research, providing greater security and reliability in the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Davi Marena
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Taís Maria Bauab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Tan JSL, Roberts C, Billa N. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of an orally administered mucoadhesive chitosan-coated amphotericin B-Loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) in rats. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2019; 31:141-154. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1680926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janet Sui Ling Tan
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Clive Roberts
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nashiru Billa
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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López-Castillo C, Rodríguez-Fernández C, Córdoba M, Torrado JJ. Permeability Characteristics of a New Antifungal Topical Amphotericin B Formulation with γ-Cyclodextrins. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123349. [PMID: 30567325 PMCID: PMC6321561 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphotericin B is a low soluble broad-spectrum antifungal agent. Cyclodextrins can be added to amphotericin formulations to enhance both their solubility and antifungal properties. Semisolid amphotericin formulations containing gamma cyclodextrin (AGCD) were prepared and compared with two reference formulations—one of them without any solubility enhancer (A) and the other with DMSO (ADMSO). Rheological, the permeability through hairless mouse skin and antifungal characteristics of the different formulations were evaluated. All three semisolid formulations show low thixotropy characteristics. ADMSO was the formulation with the least consistency, lowest viscosity, and greatest extensibility. The AGCD formulation had the opposite behavior and had both the greatest consistency and viscosity and the lowest extensibility. The lowest permeability was obtained with the reference A formulation while both AGCD and ADMSO had a similar permeability enhancement. According to the antimicrobial in vitro efficacy trials, the AGCD formulation showed 45–60% more activity than the reference A formulation. It can be concluded that γ-cyclodextrin is a useful excipient to improve the solubility, permeability, and antifungal activity of amphotericin B in semisolid topical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen López-Castillo
- Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Manuel Córdoba
- Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan J Torrado
- Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Rolón M, Serrano DR, Lalatsa A, de Pablo E, Torrado JJ, Ballesteros MP, Healy AM, Vega C, Coronel C, Bolás-Fernández F, Dea-Ayuela MA. Engineering Oral and Parenteral Amorphous Amphotericin B Formulations against Experimental Trypanosoma cruzi Infections. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1095-1106. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Rolón
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Manduvirá 635 entre 15 de
Agosto y O’Leary, 1255 Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Dolores R. Serrano
- Departamento
de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI),
School of Pharmacy, University Complutense, Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aikaterini Lalatsa
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St. Michael’s Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, U.K
| | - Esther de Pablo
- Departamento
de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Torrado
- Departamento
de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI),
School of Pharmacy, University Complutense, Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Paloma Ballesteros
- Departamento
de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI),
School of Pharmacy, University Complutense, Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne Marie Healy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Celeste Vega
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Manduvirá 635 entre 15 de
Agosto y O’Leary, 1255 Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Cathia Coronel
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Manduvirá 635 entre 15 de
Agosto y O’Leary, 1255 Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Francisco Bolás-Fernández
- Departamento de Parasitología,
Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón
y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela
- Departamento de Farmacia,
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Edificio Seminario s/n, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
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13
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Qu L, Qian J, Ma P, Yin Z. Utilizing online-dual-SPE-LC with HRMS for the simultaneous quantification of amphotericin B, fluconazole, and fluorocytosine in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Talanta 2016; 165:449-457. [PMID: 28153282 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AMB), fluconazole (FZ), and fluorocytosine (FC) are recommended for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis (CM) patients as preferred antibiotics. This study presents a fast and automated online-dual-solid phase extraction (SPE)-LC coupled with high resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS) method to simultaneously measure the concentrations of AMB, FZ, and FC in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Automated sample clean-up was performed on the human plasma and CSF samples with stop-flow heart-cutting two dimensional (2D) separation using a online-dual-SPE system, allowing retention and accumulation of AMB, FZ, and carbamazepine (CBZ, Internal standard (IS)) by the Oasis®HLB cartridge, and retention and accumulation of FC and 5-methylcytosine hydrochloride (MC, IS) by the HyperSep Hypercarb cartridge respectively. Followed by LC elution, quantification by Q-Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap with targeted-selected ion monitoring (t-SIM) mode was applied to simultaneously determine the concentrations of AMB, FZ and FC. The bioanalysis was achieved in a total running time of 7min. The method was fully validated according to FDA guidelines. The lowest limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.04, 0.04, and 0.40μgmL-1 for AMB, FZ, and FC, respectively. AMB, FZ, and FC levels were linear in the ranges of 0.04-2.00μgmL-1, 0.04-2.00μgmL-1 and 0.40-20.00μgmL-1, respectively. The method showed good performance for human plasma and CSF samples with linearity (R2>0.99), intra-day and inter-day precision (relative standard deviation, RSD<4.32% and <4.06%, respectively), recovery (89.93-93.28% and 90.09-93.58%, respectively) and matrix effect (96.35-103.78% and 92.32-101.48%, respectively). The validated method was successfully applied in real samples of Chinese patients. Overall, our results indicate that this fully automated, sensitive, and reliable online-dual-SPE-LC-HRMS method is effective for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of AMB, FZ, and FC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Qu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Jing Qian
- Infectious Diseases Dependent, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Ping Ma
- Infectious Diseases Dependent, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin 300192, PR China.
| | - Zheng Yin
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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14
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Tan TRM, Hoi KM, Zhang P, Ng SK. Characterization of a Polyethylene Glycol-Amphotericin B Conjugate Loaded with Free AMB for Improved Antifungal Efficacy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152112. [PMID: 27008086 PMCID: PMC4805162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AMB) is a highly hydrophobic antifungal, whose use is limited by its toxicity and poor solubility. To improve its solubility, AMB was reacted with a functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG), yielding soluble complex AmB-PEG formulations that theoretically comprise of chemically conjugated AMB-PEG and free AMB that is physically associated with the conjugate. Reverse-phase chromatography and size exclusion chromatography methods using HPLC were developed to separate conjugated AMB-PEG and free AmB, enabling the further characterization of these formulations. Using HPLC and dynamic light scattering analyses, it was observed that the AMB-PEG 2 formulation, having a higher molar ratio of 2 AMB: 1 PEG, possesses more free AMB and has relatively larger particle diameters compared to the AMB-PEG 1 formulation, that consists of 1 AMB: 1 PEG. The identity of the conjugate was also verified using mass spectrometry. AMB-PEG 2 demonstrates improved antifungal efficacy relative to AMB-PEG 1, without a concurrent increase in in vitro toxicity to mammalian cells, implying that the additional loading of free AMB in the AMB-PEG formulation can potentially increase its therapeutic index. Compared to unconjugated AMB, AMB-PEG formulations are less toxic to mammalian cells in vitro, even though their MIC50 values are comparatively higher in a variety of fungal strains tested. Our in vitro results suggest that AMB-PEG 2 formulations are two times less toxic than unconjugated AMB with antifungal efficacy on Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Rui Min Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kong Meng Hoi
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peiqing Zhang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Say Kong Ng
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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A novel performing PEG-cholane nanoformulation for Amphotericin B delivery. Int J Pharm 2015; 495:41-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Surface-engineered dendrimeric nanoconjugates for macrophage-targeted delivery of amphotericin B: formulation development and in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:2479-87. [PMID: 25645852 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04213-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop an optimized dendrimeric delivery system for amphotericin B (AmB). Fifth-generation (5.0 G) poly(propylene imine) (PPI) dendrimers were synthesized, conjugated with mannose, and characterized by use of various analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR) spectroscopic analysis, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Mannose-conjugated 5.0 G PPI (MPPI) dendrimers were loaded with AmB and evaluated for drug loading efficiency, in vitro drug release profile, stability, hemolytic toxicity to human erythrocytes, cytotoxicity to and cell uptake by J774A.1 macrophage cells, antiparasitic activity against intracellular Leishmania donovani amastigotes, in vivo pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles, drug localization index, toxicity, and antileishmanial activity. AFM showed the nanometric size of the MPPI dendrimers, with a nearly globular architecture. The conjugate showed a good entrapment efficiency for AmB, along with pH-sensitive drug release. Highly significant reductions in toxicity toward human erythrocytes and macrophage cells, without compromising the antiparasitic activity of AmB, were observed. The dendrimeric formulation of AmB showed a significant enhancement of the parasiticidal activity of AmB toward intramacrophagic L. donovani amastigotes. In the in vitro cell uptake studies, the formulation showed selectivity toward macrophages, with significant intracellular uptake. Further pharmacokinetic and organ distribution studies elucidated the controlled delivery behavior of the formulation. The drug localization index was found to increase significantly in macrophage-rich organs. In vivo studies showed a biocompatible behavior of MPPIA, with negligible toxicity even at higher doses, and promising antileishmanial activity. From the results, we concluded that surface-engineered dendrimers may serve as optimized delivery vehicles for AmB with enhanced activity and low or negligible toxicity.
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17
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Serrano DR, Lalatsa A, Dea-Ayuela MA, Bilbao-Ramos PE, Garrett NL, Moger J, Guarro J, Capilla J, Ballesteros MP, Schätzlein AG, Bolás F, Torrado JJ, Uchegbu IF. Oral Particle Uptake and Organ Targeting Drives the Activity of Amphotericin B Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:420-31. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500527x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dolores R. Serrano
- Departamento
de Farmacia y Tecnologia Farmaceutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Aikaterini Lalatsa
- School
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St. Michael’s Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, U.K
| | - M. Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela
- Departamento
de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, Moncada, Valencia, 46113, Spain
| | - Pablo E. Bilbao-Ramos
- Departamento
de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Natalie L. Garrett
- School
of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QL, U.K
| | - Julian Moger
- School
of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QL, U.K
| | - Josep Guarro
- Facultat
de Medicina, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç
21, Reus, 43201, Spain
| | - Javier Capilla
- Facultat
de Medicina, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç
21, Reus, 43201, Spain
| | - M. Paloma Ballesteros
- Departamento
de Farmacia y Tecnologia Farmaceutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Bolás
- Departamento
de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Juan J. Torrado
- Departamento
de Farmacia y Tecnologia Farmaceutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Ijeoma F. Uchegbu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39,
Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, U.K
- Nanomerics Ltd., St. Albans, AL1 1SR, U.K
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18
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New amphotericin B-gamma cyclodextrin formulation for topical use with synergistic activity against diverse fungal species and Leishmania spp. Int J Pharm 2014; 473:148-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Costa Lima SA, Silvestre R, Barros D, Cunha J, Baltazar MT, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Cordeiro-da-Silva A. Crucial CD8+ T-lymphocyte cytotoxic role in amphotericin B nanospheres efficacy against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:1021-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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20
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Mohamed-Ahmed AHA, Seifert K, Yardley V, Burrell-Saward H, Brocchini S, Croft SL. Antileishmanial activity, uptake, and biodistribution of an amphotericin B and poly(α-Glutamic Acid) complex. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:4608-14. [PMID: 23796924 PMCID: PMC3811429 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02343-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A noncovalent, water-soluble complex of amphotericin B (AMB) and poly(α-glutamic acid) (PGA), with AMB loadings ranging from 25 to 55% (wt/wt) using PGA with a molecular weight range of 50,000 to 70,000, was prepared as a potential new treatment for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The AMB-PGA complex was shown to be as active as Fungizone (AMB deoxycholate) against intracellular Leishmania donovani amastigotes in differentiated THP-1 cells. The in vitro uptake of the AMB-PGA complex by differentiated THP-1 cells was similar to that of Fungizone and higher than that of AmBisome (liposomal AMB). The AMB-PGA complex also displayed a dose-response profile similar to that of AmBisome in vivo in BALB/c mice against L. donovani, with 50% effective doses (ED50s) of 0.24 ± 0.03 mg/kg of body weight for the AMB-PGA complex and 0.24 ± 0.06 mg/kg for AmBisome. A biodistribution study with mice indicated that the AMB-PGA complex cleared more rapidly from plasma than AmBisome, with a comparable low level of distribution to the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer H. A. Mohamed-Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Seifert
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Yardley
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hollie Burrell-Saward
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Brocchini
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon L. Croft
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Hemolytic and pharmacokinetic studies of liposomal and particulate amphotericin B formulations. Int J Pharm 2013; 447:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mohamed-Ahmed AHA, Les KA, Seifert K, Croft SL, Brocchini S. Noncovalent complexation of amphotericin-B with Poly(α-glutamic acid). Mol Pharm 2013; 10:940-50. [PMID: 23234235 DOI: 10.1021/mp300339p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A noncovalent complex of amphotericin B (AmB) and poly(α-glutamic acid) (PGA) was prepared to develop a safe and stable formulation for the treatment of leishmaniasis. The loading of AmB in the complex was in the range of ∼20-50%. AmB was in a highly aggregated state with an aggregation ratio often above 2.0. This complex (AmB-PGA) was shown to be stable and to have reduced toxicity to human red blood cells and KB cells compared to the parent compound; cell viability was not affected at an AmB concentration as high as 50 and 200 μg/mL respectively. This AmB-PGA complex retained AmB activity against intracellular Leishmania major amastigotes in the differentiated THP-1 cells with an EC50 of 0.07 ± 0.03-0.08 ± 0.01 μg/mL, which is similar to Fungizone (EC50 of 0.06 ± 0.01 μg/mL). The in vitro antileishmanial activity of the complex against Leishmania donovani was retained after storage at 37 °C for 7 days in the form of a solution (EC50 of 0.27 ± 0.03 to 0.35 ± 0.04 μg/mL) and for 30 days as a solid (EC50 of 0.41 ± 0.07 to 0.63 ± 0.25 μg/mL). These encouraging results indicate that the AmB-PGA complex has the potential for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer H A Mohamed-Ahmed
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
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Yang Z, Tan Y, Chen M, Dian L, Shan Z, Peng X, Wu C. Development of amphotericin B-loaded cubosomes through the SolEmuls technology for enhancing the oral bioavailability. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012; 13:1483-91. [PMID: 23090113 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral administration of amphotericin B (AmB) has the major drawback of poor bioavailability. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of AmB-loaded cubosomes as an oral formulation with improved bioavailability. This manuscript firstly developed AmB-loaded cubosomes by using the SolEmuls technology. The encapsulation efficiency, the in vitro release, and stability studies in simulated gastrointestinal fluid were used to evaluate AmB-loaded cubosomes. The acute nephrotoxicity, bioavailability, and tissue distribution study of AmB-loaded cubosomes were assayed upon oral administration to rats. SAXS and cryo-TEM exhibited AmB-loaded cubosomes as a bicontinuous cubic liquid crystalline phase with Pn3m geometry. The encapsulation efficiency and the results of in vitro release and stability studies in simulated gastrointestinal fluid further demonstrated that AmB was successfully encapsulated in cubosomes. AmB-loaded cubosomal formulation orally administrated in rats did not show nephrotoxicity and its relative bioavailability was approximately 285% as compared to Fungizone®. The AmB-loaded cubosomal formulation presented an effective potential approach for enhancing the oral bioavailability of AmB.
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A novel formulation of solubilised amphotericin B designed for ophthalmic use. Int J Pharm 2012; 437:80-2. [PMID: 22890190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) is a wide spectrum antifungal with low incidence of clinical resistance. However, there are no licensed topical formulations with AmB in most developed countries. Extemporaneous preparations of AmB are frequently prepared from available marketed parenteral formulations. Herein, a solution of AmB with γ-cyclodextrin is described as suitable for topical administration as eye drops. This novel formulation is characterised by its ability to solubilise AmB and to maintain its antifungal activity, physicochemical stability and sterility over 30 days. Antifungal activity against Candida albicans was significantly higher (35%) for the new formulation than that obtained with Fungizone(®) based extemporaneous prepared suspension. Optimal 0.1% AmB-10% cyclodextrin formulation remained sterile and with an acceptable osmolarity, pH and particle size for ophthalmic use over 4 weeks. Complexation with γ-cyclodextrins improved AmB chemical stability compared to the reference eye drops suspension based on Fungizone(®). These results illustrate the feasibility of an ophthalmic AmB formulation easy enough to be licensed or prepared in community and hospital pharmacies.
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25
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Angra PK, Siddig A, Nettey H, Desai N, Oettinger C, D'Souza MJ. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies of Amphotericin B microspheres. J Microencapsul 2009; 26:627-34. [DOI: 10.3109/02652040802587173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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26
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Gershkovich P, Wasan EK, Lin M, Sivak O, Leon CG, Clement JG, Wasan KM. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of amphotericin B in rats following oral administration in a novel lipid-based formulation. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009; 64:101-8. [PMID: 19398459 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkp140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of amphotericin B (AmB) following oral administration in a novel mono/diglyceride-phospholipid formulation and to compare with intravenous (iv) administrations using commercial formulations. METHODS Rats were allocated into the following treatment groups: oral gavage of AmB dispersed in mono/diglyceride-phospholipid formulation at doses of 4.5 and 10 mg/kg; iv bolus administration of 0.8 mg/kg Fungizone; iv bolus of 5 mg/kg Abelcet and iv bolus of 5 mg/kg AmBisome. Blood was sampled from jugular vein cannula at certain time points. The animals were sacrificed 72 h following administration of AmB and multiple tissues were harvested. The concentration of AmB in plasma and tissues was determined by means of HPLC. The plasma creatinine concentrations were determined using an enzymatic kit. RESULTS The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of AmB following iv administrations of the commercial formulations were found to be highly formulation dependent. The terminal half-life and biodistribution of orally administered AmB in a mono/diglyceride-phospholipid formulation resembled those of Fungizone. The larger volume of the co-administered lipid-based formulation in the case of the higher dose of orally administered AmB resulted in flip-flop kinetics and in preferential distribution into the kidneys. No nephrotoxicity was detected for any formulation and route of administration. CONCLUSIONS Oral administration of AmB in a mono/diglyceride-phospholipid formulation to rats resulted in significant intestinal absorption into the systemic circulation with pharmacokinetic and biodistribution properties similar to a micellar iv preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Gershkovich
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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27
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Espada R, Valdespina S, Molero G, Dea MA, Ballesteros MP, Torrado JJ. Efficacy of alternative dosing regimens of poly-aggregated amphotericin B. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008; 32:55-61. [PMID: 18534826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Revised: 02/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new poly-aggregated form of amphotericin B was formulated as a non-microencapsulated form (P-AMB) or incorporated in albumin microspheres (MP-AMB) and compared with the conventional amphotericin B formulation (D-AMB). Mice were infected with Candida albicans and treated with two different intermittent dose regimens of the different amphotericin B formulations. Efficacy and toxicity were studied by the determination of survival rate, kidney colony-forming units counts, biochemical parameters and amphotericin B concentrations in plasma and organs. All the treatments significantly (P<0.05) increased the survival rate in relation to the untreated group, although non-statistically significant differences (P>0.05) were found between formulations and dosing regimens. All the treatments produced kidney toxicity, expressed by high urea levels. Kidney toxicity was especially significant for mice treated with the D-AMB formulation where unilateral kidney atrophy was observed in most of the mice, whereas most of the mice treated with P-AMB conserved both kidneys with a normal size and appearance. At 45 days post infection, variable distribution of amphotericin B in the body was obtained depending on the amphotericin B formulation. In conclusion, non-daily dosing regimens of P-AMB, which is less toxic than D-AMB, could be used as an alternative to the conventional D-AMB formulation to treat experimental candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Espada
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid, Spain
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