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Tubby K, Adamčikova K, Adamson K, Akiba M, Barnes I, Boroń P, Bragança H, Bulgakov T, Burgdorf N, Capretti P, Cech T, Cleary M, Davydenko K, Drenkhan R, Elvira-Recuenco M, Enderle R, Gardner J, Georgieva M, Ghelardini L, Husson C, Iturritxa E, Markovskaja S, Mesanza N, Ogris N, Oskay F, Piškur B, Queloz V, Raitelaitytė K, Raposo R, Soukainen M, Strasser L, Vahalík P, Vester M, Mullett M. The increasing threat to European forests from the invasive foliar pine pathogen, Lecanosticta acicola. For Ecol Manage 2023; 536:120847. [PMID: 37193248 PMCID: PMC10165473 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2023.120847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
European forests are threatened by increasing numbers of invasive pests and pathogens. Over the past century, Lecanosticta acicola, a foliar pathogen predominantly of Pinus spp., has expanded its range globally, and is increasing in impact. Lecanosticta acicola causes brown spot needle blight, resulting in premature defoliation, reduced growth, and mortality in some hosts. Originating from southern regions of North American, it devastated forests in the USA's southern states in the early twentieth century, and in 1942 was discovered in Spain. Derived from Euphresco project 'Brownspotrisk,' this study aimed to establish the current distribution of Lecanosticta species, and assess the risks of L. acicola to European forests. Pathogen reports from the literature, and new/ unpublished survey data were combined into an open-access geo-database (http://www.portalofforestpathology.com), and used to visualise the pathogen's range, infer its climatic tolerance, and update its host range. Lecanosticta species have now been recorded in 44 countries, mostly in the northern hemisphere. The type species, L. acicola, has increased its range in recent years, and is present in 24 out of the 26 European countries where data were available. Other species of Lecanosticta are largely restricted to Mexico and Central America, and recently Colombia. The geo-database records demonstrate that L. acicola tolerates a wide range of climates across the northern hemisphere, and indicate its potential to colonise Pinus spp. forests across large swathes of the Europe. Preliminary analyses suggest L. acicola could affect 62% of global Pinus species area by the end of this century, under climate change predictions. Although its host range appears slightly narrower than the similar Dothistroma species, Lecanosticta species were recorded on 70 host taxa, mostly Pinus spp., but including, Cedrus and Picea spp. Twenty-three, including species of critical ecological, environmental and economic significance in Europe, are highly susceptible to L. acicola, suffering heavy defoliation and sometimes mortality. Variation in apparent susceptibility between reports could reflect variation between regions in the hosts' genetic make-up, but could also reflect the significant variation in L. acicola populations and lineages found across Europe. This study served to highlight significant gaps in our understanding of the pathogen's behaviour. Lecanosticta acicola has recently been downgraded from an A1 quarantine pest to a regulated non quarantine pathogen, and is now widely distributed across Europe. With a need to consider disease management, this study also explored global BSNB strategies, and used Case Studies to summarise the tactics employed to date in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Tubby
- Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, United Kingdom
| | - K. Adamčikova
- Department of Plant Pathology and Mycology, Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, 94901 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - K. Adamson
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - M. Akiba
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - I. Barnes
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - P. Boroń
- Department Forest Ecosystems Protection, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - H. Bragança
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária I. P. and GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Avenida da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - T. Bulgakov
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yana Fabritsiusa Street 2/28, Sochi 354002, Krasnodar Region, Russia
| | - N. Burgdorf
- Bavarian State Institute of Forestry, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - P. Capretti
- University of Florence, DAGRI Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forest Sciences and Technologies, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - T. Cech
- Austrian Research Centre for Forests BFW, Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 8, 1131 Vienna, Austria
| | - M. Cleary
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Sundsvägen 3, 230 503 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - K. Davydenko
- Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry & Forest Melioration, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R. Drenkhan
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - M. Elvira-Recuenco
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación Forestal (INIA-CIFOR), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Enderle
- Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Urban Green, Julius Kuehn Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J. Gardner
- Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand
| | - M. Georgieva
- Forest Research Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 132 “St. Kliment Ohridski” Blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - L. Ghelardini
- University of Florence, DAGRI Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forest Sciences and Technologies, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - C. Husson
- Département de la santé des forêts, DGAL, SDQSPV, Ministère de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation, Paris, France
| | - E. Iturritxa
- Neiker BRTA, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, 01192 Arkaute, Spain
| | - S. Markovskaja
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų Ežerų St. 47, Lt-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - N. Mesanza
- Neiker BRTA, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, 01192 Arkaute, Spain
| | - N. Ogris
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - F. Oskay
- Faculty of Forestry, Çankırı Karatekin University, 18200 Çankırı, Turkey
| | - B. Piškur
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - V. Queloz
- Centre of Forest Research, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), C. Coruna, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - K. Raitelaitytė
- Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų Ežerų St. 47, Lt-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - R. Raposo
- Forest Science Institute (ICIFOR), Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria (INIA, CSIC), Ctra. Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Soukainen
- Laboratory and Research Division, Plant Analytics Unit, Finnish Food Authority, Mustialankatu 3, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - L. Strasser
- Bavarian State Institute of Forestry, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - P. Vahalík
- Department of Forest Management and Applied Geoinformatics, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - M. Vester
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - M. Mullett
- Phytophthora Research Centre, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Fernández-García R, Walsh D, O'Connell P, Slowing K, Raposo R, Paloma Ballesteros M, Jiménez-Cebrián A, Chamorro-Sancho MJ, Bolás-Fernández F, Healy AM, Serrano DR. Can amphotericin B and itraconazole be co-delivered orally? Tailoring oral fixed-dose combination coated granules for systemic mycoses. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 183:74-91. [PMID: 36623752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of invasive fungal infections have increased significantly over the last few years, leading to a global health problem due to the lack of effective treatments. Amphotericin B (AmB) and itraconazole (ITR) are two antifungal drugs with different mechanisms of action. In this work, AmB and ITR have been formulated within granules to elicit an enhanced pharmacological effect, while enhancing the oral bioavailability of AmB. A Quality by Design (QbD) approach was utilised to prepare fixed-dose combination (FDC) granules consisting of a core containing AmB with functional excipients, such as inulin, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), chitosan, sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) and Soluplus® and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), coated with a polymeric layer containing ITR with Soluplus® or a combination of Poloxamer 188 and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose-acetyl succinate (HPMCAS). A Taguchi design of experiments (DoE) with 7 factors and 2 levels was carried out to understand the key factors impacting on the physicochemical properties of the formulation followed by a Box-Behnken design with 3 factors in 3 levels chosen to optimise the formulation parameters. The core of the FDC granules was obtained by wet granulation and later coated using a fluidized bed. In vitro antifungal efficacy was demonstrated by measuring the inhibition halo against different species of Candida spp., including C. albicans (24.19-30.48 mm), C. parapsilosis (26.38-27.84 mm) and C. krusei (11.48-17.92 mm). AmB release was prolonged from 3 to 24 h when the AmB granules were coated. In vivo in CD-1 male mice studies showed that these granules were more selective towards liver, spleen and lung compared to kidney (up to 5-fold more selective in liver, with an accumulation of 8.07 µg AmB/g liver after twice-daily 5 days administration of granules coated with soluplus-ITR), resulting in an excellent oral administration option in the treatment of invasive mycosis. Nevertheless, some biochemical alterations were found, including a decrease in blood urea nitrogen (∼17 g/dl) and alanine aminotransferase (<30 U/l) and an increase in the levels of bilirubin (∼0.2 mg/dl) and alkaline phosphatase (<80 U/l), which could be indicative of a liver failure. Once-daily regimen for 10 days can be a promising therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernández-García
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Walsh
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Peter O'Connell
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Karla Slowing
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafaela Raposo
- Seccion Departamental de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Paloma Ballesteros
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Francisco Bolás-Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne Marie Healy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Dolores R Serrano
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Martins B, Novo JP, Fonseca É, Raposo R, Sardão VA, Pereira F, Oriá RB, Fontes-Ribeiro C, Malva J. Necrotic-like BV-2 microglial cell death due to methylmercury exposure. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1003663. [PMID: 36408241 PMCID: PMC9667718 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1003663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a dangerous environmental contaminant with strong bioaccumulation in the food chain and neurotoxic properties. In the nervous system, MeHg may cause neurodevelopment impairment and potentially interfere with immune response, compromising proper control of neuroinflammation and aggravating neurodegeneration. Human populations are exposed to environmental contamination with MeHg, especially in areas with strong mining or industrial activity, raising public health concerns. Taking this into consideration, this work aims to clarify pathways leading to acute toxic effects caused by MeHg exposure in microglial cells. BV-2 mouse microglial cells were incubated with MeHg at different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 µM) for 1 h prior to continuous Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.5 μg/ml) exposure for 6 or 24 h. After cell exposure, reactive oxygen species (ROS), IL-6 and TNF-α cytokines production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, nitric oxide (NO) release, metabolic activity, propidium iodide (PI) uptake, caspase-3 and -9 activities and phagocytic activity were assessed. MeHg 10 µM decreased ROS formation, the production and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS immunoreactivity, the release of NO in BV-2 cells. Furthermore, MeHg 10 µM decreased the metabolic activity of BV-2 and increased the number of PI-positive cells (necrotic-like cell death) when compared to the respective control group. Besides, MeHg did not interfere with caspase activity or the phagocytic profile of cells. The short-term effects of a high concentration of MeHg on BV-2 microglial cells lead to impaired production of several pro-inflammatory mediators, as well as a higher microglial cell death via necrosis, compromising their neuroinflammatory response. Clarifying the mechanisms underlying MeHg-induced neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration in brain cells is relevant to better understand acute and long-term chronic neuroinflammatory responses following MeHg exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Martins
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. P. Novo
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - É. Fonseca
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R. Raposo
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Experimental Biology Core, Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - V. A. Sardão
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), UC Biotech, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - F. Pereira
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R. B. Oriá
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny, and Nutrition, Department of Morphology and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - C. Fontes-Ribeiro
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. Malva
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,*Correspondence: J. Malva,
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López-García JS, García-Lozano I, Rivas L, Viso-Garrote M, Raposo R, Méndez MT. Lyophilized Autologous Serum Eyedrops: Experimental and Comparative Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2020; 213:260-266. [PMID: 32006480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the biological stability of autologous serum eyedrops after lyophilization. DESIGN Prospective, comparative experimental study. METHODS This was a comparative study with serum obtained from 12 healthy volunteers. The concentrations of different epitheliotropic factors (eg, transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β1], epidermal growth factor [EGF], platelet-derived growth factor AB [PDGF-AB], and albumin) were measured in fresh and lyophilized serum. The samples were studied after serum preparation (fresh serum) and immediately after saline solution reconstitution of lyophilized serum (0), 15, and 30 days later. The biological effects of both serum samples were also compared on conjunctival and corneal cell cultures. The pH, osmolarity, and serum density were also determined. RESULTS No significant differences were found in the concentration of growth factors between fresh serum and re-dissolved serum samples after lyophilization. The concentration of growth factors remained stable during 1 month at 4°C in re-dissolved lyophilized form with saline solution. No differences were found related to osmolarity, pH, and density between fresh and lyophilized serum. In addition, no differences were found on the conjunctival and corneal cells proliferation and differentiation in cells cultures between either serum preparation. CONCLUSIONS The properties of autologous serum remain after lyophilization. The lyophilized serum can be easily stored without temperature restrictions and easily reconstituted for preparation of eyedrops for standard clinical use.
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Celada P, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Delgado-Pando G, Raposo R, Jiménez-Colmenero F, Garcimartín A, Sánchez-Muniz FJ. Coagulation, Thrombogenesis, and Insulin Resistance Markers in Increased-Cardiovascular-Risk Subjects Consuming Improved-Fat Meat Products. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 38:334-341. [PMID: 30681939 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1513345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is prevalent in high-meat-product consumers. The effect of consuming lipid-improved pâtés/frankfurters on plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, thromboxane A2 (as TXB2), prostacyclin I2 (as 6-keto-PGF1α), activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, antithrombin, and insulin-resistance/sensitivity markers in volunteers at high CVD risk was studied. SUBJECTS/METHODS Eighteen male volunteers enrolled in a blind crossover-controlled study consumed improved products during three 4-week periods: reduced fat (RF), n-3-enriched-RF (n-3RF), and normal fat (NF), separated by 4-week washouts. RESULTS Fibrinogen and 6-keto-PG1α decreased (p < 0.05) following the RF period; LDL-cholesterol, TXB2, and 6-keto-PGF1α decreased (p < 0.05) after the n-3RF-period, while LDL-cholesterol, fibrinogen, TXB2, insulin, and Homostatic Model Assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) increased (at least p < 0.05) and QUICKI (Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index) decreased (p < 0.05) during the NF period. The rates of changes of fibrinogen, TXB2, 6-keto-PGF1α, and HOMA-IR differ between groups (repeated-measures test p < 0.05). Fibrinogen, insulin, and HOMA-IR differed significantly (p < 0.05) between RF and n-3RF period versus NF period, while that of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1α differed between n-3RF and NF periods (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The consumption of n-3RF meat products, followed by RF ones, partially reduced thrombogenesis, coagulation, and insulin-resistance markers. Thus, the inclusion of lipid-improved pâtés/frankfurters might be recommended into dietary strategies in at-CVD-risk volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Celada
- a Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos. Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad Complutense. Madrid, Spain e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC) , Madrid , 28040 , Spain
| | - Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso
- b Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), CSIC , Madrid , Spain
| | - Gonzalo Delgado-Pando
- b Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), CSIC , Madrid , Spain
| | - Rafaela Raposo
- c Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Alba Garcimartín
- d Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Francisco J Sánchez-Muniz
- a Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos. Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad Complutense. Madrid, Spain e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC) , Madrid , 28040 , Spain
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Ruiz-Moreno MJ, Raposo R, Puertas B, Cuevas FJ, Chinnici F, Moreno-Rojas JM, Cantos-Villar E. Effect of a grapevine-shoot waste extract on red wine aromatic properties. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:5606-5615. [PMID: 29696658 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of a grapevine-shoot extract (VIN) is being studied as an alternative to sulfur dioxide (SO2 ). VIN stabilizes anthocyanins and preserves polyphenolic compounds, and thus improves chromatic wine properties. In this study, selected aroma compounds (esters, C13 -norisoprenoids, oxidation and vine-shoot-related compounds), sensory analysis and the olfactometric profile were determined in the wines treated with VIN at two concentrations. RESULTS Treatment with VIN hardly modified the content of esters and oxidation-related compounds in the wines. However, the high β-damascenone and isoeugenol contents and the increase in astringency at tasting in VIN wines were noteworthy, as were some odorant zones. All these were established as VIN markers after the chemometric data analysis. CONCLUSION These data revealed that only the lowest dose tested may be recommended as a suitable alternative to SO2 . Although some aromatic properties of these wines may change, these changes are not considered to affect the quality of the wines negatively. These results are useful for wineries, which face having to discover the aroma-related processes in the challenge of producing SO2 -free wines without detriment to their sensory properties. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Ruiz-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Centro Alameda del Obispo, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural (CAPDER), Junta de Andalucía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafaela Raposo
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Centro Rancho de la Merced, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural (CAPDER), Junta de Andalucía, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
| | - Belén Puertas
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Centro Rancho de la Merced, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural (CAPDER), Junta de Andalucía, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
| | - Francisco J Cuevas
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Centro Alameda del Obispo, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural (CAPDER), Junta de Andalucía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Fabio Chinnici
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - José M Moreno-Rojas
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Centro Alameda del Obispo, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural (CAPDER), Junta de Andalucía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emma Cantos-Villar
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Centro Rancho de la Merced, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural (CAPDER), Junta de Andalucía, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
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Cruz S, Raposo R, Ruiz-Moreno MJ, Garde-Cerdán T, Puertas B, Gonzalo-Diago A, Moreno-Rojas JM, Cantos-Villar E. Grapevine-shoot stilbene extract as a preservative in white wine. Food Packag Shelf Life 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Hernandez-Escribano L, Iturritxa E, Elvira-Recuenco M, Berbegal M, Campos J, Renobales G, García I, Raposo R. Herbaceous plants in the understory of a pitch canker-affected Pinus radiata plantation are endophytically infected with Fusarium circinatum. FUNGAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Raposo R, Peleteiro B, Paço M, Pinho T. Orthodontic camouflage versus orthodontic-orthognathic surgical treatment in class II malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 47:445-455. [PMID: 28966066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review was performed to compare dental, skeletal, and aesthetic outcomes between orthodontic camouflage and surgical-orthodontic treatment, in patients with a skeletal class II malocclusion and a retrognathic mandible who have already finished their growth period. A literature search was conducted, and a modified Downs and Black checklist was used to assess methodological quality. The meta-analysis was conducted using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects method to obtain summary estimates of the standardized mean differences and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Nine articles were included in the qualitative synthesis and seven in the meta-analysis. The difference between treatments was not statistically significant regarding SNA angle, linear measurement of the lower lip to Ricketts' aesthetic line, convexity of the skeletal profile, or the soft tissue profile excluding the nose. In contrast, surgical-orthodontic treatment was more effective with regard to ANB, SNB, and ML/NSL angles and the soft tissue profile including the nose. Different treatment effects on overjet and overbite were found according to the severity of the initial values. These results should be interpreted with caution, due to the limited number of studies included and because they were non-randomized clinical trials. Further studies with larger sample sizes and similar pre-treatment conditions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Raposo
- Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative, CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Gandra, Portugal
| | - B Peleteiro
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto (ISPUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - M Paço
- Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative, CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Gandra, Portugal
| | - T Pinho
- Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative, CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Gandra, Portugal; Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Institute of Innovation and Investigation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Raposo R, Chinnici F, Ruiz-Moreno MJ, Puertas B, Cuevas FJ, Carbú M, Guerrero RF, Ortíz-Somovilla V, Moreno-Rojas JM, Cantos-Villar E. Sulfur free red wines through the use of grapevine shoots: Impact on the wine quality. Food Chem 2017; 243:453-460. [PMID: 29146365 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Following a preliminary study to determine the possibility of using a grapevine shoot extract (VIN) as a sustainable alternative to sulfur dioxide (SO2), in this study, the chromatic features, phenolic composition, and sensory analysis of wines treated with VIN at two concentrations were studied during storage in bottle for the first time. The highest differences were found in phenolic compounds after 12months of storage in bottle. The VIN wines had a low content of free anthocyanins and were high in vinyl-pyranoanthocyanins, and B-type vitisins. Consequently, they showed better chromatic characteristics. Moreover VIN, especially at high dose, preserved non-anthocyanin phenolic compounds better than SO2. However, at this high dose some organoleptic properties were affected. VIN, when used at a low dose, is able to preserve wine composition without loss of quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Raposo
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Centro Rancho de la Merced, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural (CAPDR), Junta de Andalucía, Ctra. Trebujena, km 2.1, 11471 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
| | - Fabio Chinnici
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich, 60, 47521 Cesena, FC, Italy
| | - María José Ruiz-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Centro Alameda del Obispo, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural (CAPDR), Junta de Andalucía, Avd. Menéndez Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Belén Puertas
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Centro Rancho de la Merced, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural (CAPDR), Junta de Andalucía, Ctra. Trebujena, km 2.1, 11471 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
| | - Francisco J Cuevas
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Centro Alameda del Obispo, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural (CAPDR), Junta de Andalucía, Avd. Menéndez Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Carbú
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n11510, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Raúl F Guerrero
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Centro Rancho de la Merced, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural (CAPDR), Junta de Andalucía, Ctra. Trebujena, km 2.1, 11471 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
| | - Víctor Ortíz-Somovilla
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Centro Alameda del Obispo, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural (CAPDR), Junta de Andalucía, Avd. Menéndez Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Manuel Moreno-Rojas
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Centro Alameda del Obispo, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural (CAPDR), Junta de Andalucía, Avd. Menéndez Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emma Cantos-Villar
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Centro Rancho de la Merced, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural (CAPDR), Junta de Andalucía, Ctra. Trebujena, km 2.1, 11471 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain.
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Raposo R, Ruiz-Moreno M, Garde-Cerdán T, Puertas B, Moreno-Rojas J, Gonzalo-Diago A, Guerrero R, Ortiz V, Cantos-Villar E. Effect of hydroxytyrosol on quality of sulfur dioxide-free red wine. Food Chem 2016; 192:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Raposo R, Ruiz-Moreno MJ, Garde-Cerdán T, Puertas B, Moreno-Rojas JM, Zafrilla P, Gonzalo-Diago A, Guerrero RF, Cantos-Villar E. Replacement of sulfur dioxide by hydroxytyrosol in white wine: Influence on both quality parameters and sensory. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Raposo R, Ruiz-Moreno MJ, Garde-Cerdán T, Puertas B, Moreno-Rojas JM, Gonzalo-Diago A, Guerrero R, Ortíz V, Cantos-Villar E. Grapevine-shoot stilbene extract as a preservative in red wine. Food Chem 2015; 197 Pt B:1102-11. [PMID: 26675846 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the use of a grapevine-shoot stilbene extract (Vineatrol®) as a preservative in red wine. Its effectiveness to preserve red wine quality under two different winemaking systems (traditional and Ganimede) was studied at bottling and after twelve months of storage in bottle. Enological parameters, color related parameters, volatile composition, sensory analysis and olfactometric profile were evaluated. At bottling wines treated with Vineatrol showed higher color related parameters and higher score in sensory analysis than those treated with SO2. The use of SO2 increased ester and alcohol volatile compounds in relation to the use of Vineatrol. Wine olfactometric profile was modified by Vineatrol addition. Two new odorant zones with high modified frequency appeared in wines treated with Vineatrol. After 12months of storage in bottle, wines treated with Vineatrol showed parameters related to oxidation. The weak point of the process seemed to be the evolution during the storage in bottle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Raposo
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Centro Rancho de la Merced, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural (CAPDR), Junta de Andalucía, Ctra Trebujena, km 2.1, 11471 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Centro Alameda del Obispo, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural (CAPDR), Junta de Andalucía, Avd. Menéndez Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Teresa Garde-Cerdán
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV), Gobierno de La Rioja-CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja, Ctra. Burgos, km. 6. Finca La Grajera, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - Belén Puertas
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Centro Rancho de la Merced, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural (CAPDR), Junta de Andalucía, Ctra Trebujena, km 2.1, 11471 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
| | - José Manuel Moreno-Rojas
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Centro Alameda del Obispo, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural (CAPDR), Junta de Andalucía, Avd. Menéndez Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana Gonzalo-Diago
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (ICVV), Gobierno de La Rioja-CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja, Ctra. Burgos, km. 6. Finca La Grajera, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - Raúl Guerrero
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Centro Rancho de la Merced, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural (CAPDR), Junta de Andalucía, Ctra Trebujena, km 2.1, 11471 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
| | - Víctor Ortíz
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Centro Alameda del Obispo, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural (CAPDR), Junta de Andalucía, Avd. Menéndez Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emma Cantos-Villar
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Centro Rancho de la Merced, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Desarrollo Rural (CAPDR), Junta de Andalucía, Ctra Trebujena, km 2.1, 11471 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain.
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López-García JS, García-Lozano I, Rivas L, Ramírez N, Méndez MT, Raposo R. Stability of Growth Factors in Autologous Serum Eyedrops After Long-Term Storage. Curr Eye Res 2015; 41:292-8. [PMID: 25803495 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1016180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to assess the stability of the growth factors (GF) in autologous serum eyedrops under different storage conditions. METHODS The concentration of epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor AB (PDGF-AB), and albumin was measured in fresh and defrosted samples of autologous serum under different storage conditions. The fresh and defrosted samples were cooled at 4 °C, and they were studied immediately after preparation, or after defrosting, and after 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. The concentration of GF was also assessed after 1, 3, 6, and 9 months at -20 °C. We also investigated how the different storage conditions influence the biological effects of autologous serum on conjunctival and corneal cell cultures. RESULTS The concentration of EGF, TGF-β1, PDGF-AB, and albumin remained stable over the 4 weeks at 4 °C, both in fresh and in defrosted samples. Likewise, no statistically significant differences were found between the GF concentration in fresh samples and after 1, 3, 6, and 9 months of freezing at -20 °C. Moreover, no differences were found on the cell proliferation and differentiation between cultured cells with fresh or defrosted samples after 4 weeks at 4 °C or after 1, 3, 6, or 9 months at -20 °C. CONCLUSIONS Long-term storage of autologous serum eyedrops at -20 °C does not affect the concentration of GF, simplifies clinical logistics, and reduces the frequency of blood extractions from the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luis Rivas
- b Dry Eye Unit, Research Laboratory , Ophthalmology Service, Hospital Ramón y Cajal , Madrid , Spain
| | - Nuria Ramírez
- c Ophthalmology Service, Hospital Infanta Sofia , Madrid , Spain , and
| | - Maria T Méndez
- d Clinical Analysis School, Pharmacy College, Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Rafaela Raposo
- d Clinical Analysis School, Pharmacy College, Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
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López-García JS, García-Lozano I, Rivas L, Ramírez N, Raposo R, Méndez MT. Autologous serum eye drops diluted with sodium hyaluronate: clinical and experimental comparative study. Acta Ophthalmol 2014; 92:e22-9. [PMID: 23890196 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the efficacy of sodium hyaluronate as vehicle for diluting autologous serum. METHODS The concentration and temporal stability of EGF, TGF-β, PDGF-AB and albumin in fresh and frozen samples of autologous serum diluted with sodium hyaluronate and saline solution, as well as the pH, osmolarity and density was studied. In parallel, the clinic effects of autologous serum diluted to 20% with sodium hyaluronate were compared with another solution of autologous serum diluted to 20% with saline in a prospective, comparative, randomized and double-blind study in 26 patients (52 eyes) with Sjögren syndrome. Patients underwent a complete ophthalmic assessment including tear film evaluation and corneal and conjunctival impression cytology at the beginning of the study and 2 months later. RESULTS The growth factor (GF) concentration remained stable during 1 month at 4°C both in fresh and defrosted samples without any differences being found between both preparations. No differences were found related to osmolarity, pH and density between these preparations before and after frosting. Autologous serum diluted with sodium hyaluronate caused a significant improvement of the tear film stability, fluorescein and rose Bengal stain, break-up time, corneal and conjunctival squamous metaplasia as well as in the patient subjective perception. CONCLUSIONS Sodium hyaluronate is an excellent vehicle for diluting autologous serum due to the gradual release of GF and increasing their duration and effect on the ocular surface. Preparations diluted with sodium hyaluronate are better tolerated by patients and require a lower number of drops administrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José S López-García
- Ophthalmology Department, Cruz Roja Hospital, Madrid, SpainDry Eye Unit, Research Laboratory, Ophthalmology Department, Ramón and Cajal Hospital, Madrid, SpainOphthalmology Department, Infanta Sofia Hospital, Madrid, SpainClinical Analysis School, Pharmacy College, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Rojas B, Ramírez AI, Salazar JJ, de Hoz R, Redondo A, Raposo R, Mendez T, Tejerina T, Triviño A, Ramírez JM. Low-dosage statins reduce choroidal damage in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Acta Ophthalmol 2011; 89:660-9. [PMID: 20064114 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2009.01829.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the ultrastructural changes in the choroid of long-term hypercholesterolemic rabbits after a low-dosage statin treatment and to evaluate some pleiotropic effects of these drugs on the morphology of endothelial cells (EC) and vascular smooth-muscle cells (VSMC). METHODS New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups: G0, fed a standard diet; G1, fed a 0.5% cholesterol-enriched diet for 8 months and G2, fed a 0.5% cholesterol-enriched diet for 8 months plus administration of fluvastatin sodium or pravastatin sodium at a dose of 2 mg/Kg/day each. Eyes were processed for transmission-electron microscopy. RESULTS G1 had a lipid build-up at the suprachoroidea that compressed the vascular layers with the lumens of the vessels to the point of collapse in some instances. By contrast, G2 underwent a substantial decrease in suprachoroidal foam cells and of lipids in the vascular layers while the vascular lumens were normal. The preservation of cytoplasmic organelles, caveolar system and other ultrastructural features of EC and VSMC in G2 contrasted with the numerous signs of necrosis observed in G1. Bruch's membrane (BM) in G2 contained fewer lipids and more collagen than in G1. CONCLUSION Treatment with a low dosage of fluvastatin sodium or pravastatin sodium reduced the lipid build-up as well as the macrophages in the choroid and restored the vascular lumens of choroidal vessels independently of the cholesterol effect. The normal ultrastructural features of choroidal EC and VSMC in statin-treated animals suggest that the endothelial function is preserved and the ischaemia reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Rojas
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Ramón Castroviejo, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Contreras C, Sánchez A, Martínez P, Raposo R, Climent B, García-Sacristán A, Benedito S, Prieto D. Insulin resistance in penile arteries from a rat model of metabolic syndrome. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 161:350-64. [PMID: 20735420 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00825.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities accompanying metabolic syndrome, such as obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension, are all associated with endothelial dysfunction and are independent risk factors for erectile dysfunction. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the vascular effects of insulin in penile arteries and whether these effects are impaired in a rat model of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Penile arteries from obese Zucker rats (OZR) and their counterpart, lean Zucker rats (LZR), were mounted on microvascular myographs and the effects of insulin were assessed in the absence and presence of endothelium and of specific inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Insulin-induced changes in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration [Ca(2+)](i) were also examined. KEY RESULTS OZR exhibited mild hyperglycaemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertryglyceridemia and hyperinsulinemia. Insulin induced endothelium- and NO-dependent relaxations in LZR that were impaired in OZR. Inhibition of PI3K reduced relaxation induced by insulin and by the beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline, mainly in arteries from LZR. Antagonism of endothelin 1 (ET-1) receptors did not alter insulin-induced relaxation in either LZR or OZR, but MAPK blockade increased the responses in OZR. Insulin decreased [Ca(2+)](i), a response impaired in OZR. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Insulin-induced relaxation was impaired in penile arteries of OZR due to altered NO release through the PI3K pathway and unmasking of a MAPK-mediated vasoconstriction. This vascular insulin resistance is likely to contribute to the endothelial dysfunction and erectile dysfunction associated with insulin resistant states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Contreras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Raposo R, Barroso M, Fonseca S, Costa S, Queiroz JA, Gallardo E, Dias M. Determination of eight selected organophosphorus insecticides in postmortem blood samples using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2010; 24:3187-3194. [PMID: 20941767 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and sensitive method is described for the determination of omethoate, dimethoate, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, parathion-ethyl, chlorfenvinphos, quinalphos and azinphos-ethyl in postmortem whole blood samples. The analytes and internal standard (ethion) were isolated from the matrix by solid-phase extraction, and were analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode. The method has shown to be selective after analysis of postmortem samples of 40 different origins. Calibration curves were established between 0.05 (0.1 for omethoate) and 25 µg/mL, and the values obtained for intra- and interday precision and accuracy were within the criteria usually accepted for bioanalytical method validation. Lower limits of quantitation were 50 ng/mL for all compounds, except for omethoate (100 ng/mL); the limits of identification of the method were 25 ng/mL for all analytes, except for omethoate, for which 50 ng/mL was obtained. Absolute recovery was determined at three concentration levels, and ranged from 31 to 108%. The proposed method is simple and fast, and can be routinely applied in the determination of these compounds in postmortem whole blood samples within the scope of forensic toxicology. In addition, mass spectrometry has demonstrated to be a powerful and indispensable tool for the unequivocal identification of the analytes, since the acceptance criteria were accomplished even at very low levels, thus allowing obtaining forensically valid and sound results.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Raposo
- CICS - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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Aroca A, Raposo R, Gramaje D, Armengol J, Martos S, Luque J. First Report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae Associated with Decline of Grapevine Rootstock Mother Plants in Spain. Plant Dis 2008; 92:832. [PMID: 30769618 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-92-5-0832b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A field of Richter 110 rootstock mother plants in Valencia Province (eastern Spain) was surveyed during November 2006 to study the mycoflora of declining plants. Two canes with stunted leaves were collected from a plant with a reduced number of shoots. No cankers or vascular lesions were observed in the collected canes. Six wood chips (1 to 2 mm thick) were taken from one basal fragment (3 to 4 cm long) of each cane, surface sterilized in 70% ethanol for 1 min, and plated on malt extract agar supplemented with 0.5 g L-1 of streptomycin sulfate. Petri dishes were incubated for 7 days at 25°C. A fungus was consistently isolated from all samples that showed the following characteristics: colonies grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25°C developed a white, aerial mycelium that turned gray after 4 to 6 days and produced pycnidia after 1 month on sterile grapevine slivers of twigs placed on the PDA surface; conidia from culture were ellipsoidal, thick walled, initially hyaline, nonseptate, and measuring 20 to 25 (22.5) × 12 to 14 (13) μm; aged conidia were brown, 1-septate with longitudinal striations in the wall; and pseudoparaphyses variable in form and length were interspersed within the fertile tissue. The fungus was identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. from the above characteristics (2). Identity was confirmed by analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region from the rRNA repeat and part of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) and the β-tubulin (B-tub) genes, as done elsewhere (1,3). BLAST searches at GenBank showed a high identity with reference sequences (ITS: 100%, EF1-α: 97%; B-tub: 99%). Representative sequences of the studied DNA regions were deposited at GenBank (Accession Nos.: ITS: EU254718; EF1-α: EU254719; and B-tub: EU254720). A pathogenicity test was conducted on 1-year-old grapevine plants cv. Macabeo grafted onto Richter 110 rootstocks maintained in a greenhouse. A superficial wound was made on the bark of 10 plants with a sterilized scalpel, ≈10 cm above the graft union. A mycelial plug obtained from the margin of an actively growing fungal colony (isolate JL664) was placed in the wound and the wound was wrapped with Parafilm. Ten additional control plants were inoculated with sterile PDA plugs. All control plants grew normally, and the inoculation wound healed 3 months after inoculation. Plants inoculated with L. theobromae showed no foliar symptoms in the same period, but developed cankers variable in size surrounding the inoculation sites. Vascular necroses measuring 8.4 ± 1.5 cm (mean ± standard error) developed in the inoculated plants that were significantly longer than the controls (0.3 ± 0.2 cm). The pathogen was reisolated from all inoculated plants and no fungus was reisolated from the controls. These results confirmed the pathogenicity of L. theobromae to grapevine and points to a possible involvement of L. theobromae in the aetiology of grapevine decline as previously reported (3,4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of L. theobromae isolated from grapevine in Spain. References: (1) J. Luque et al. Mycologia 97:1111, 2005. (2) E. Punithalingam. No. 519 in: Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. CMI, Kew, Surrey, UK, 1976. (3) J. R. Úrbez-Torres et al. Plant Dis. 90:1490, 2006. (4) J. M. van Niekerk et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 45(suppl.):S43, 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aroca
- CIFOR, INIA, Ctra. La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Raposo
- CIFOR, INIA, Ctra. La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Gramaje
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Armengol
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - S Martos
- IRTA Cabrils, Ctra. de Cabrils km 2, 08348 Cabrils, Spain
| | - J Luque
- IRTA Cabrils, Ctra. de Cabrils km 2, 08348 Cabrils, Spain
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20
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Martínez AC, Hernández M, Prieto D, Raposo R, Pagán RM, García-Sacristán A, Benedito S. Enhanced histamine-mediated contraction of rabbit penile dorsal artery in diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. Vascul Pharmacol 2006; 44:34-41. [PMID: 16290091 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2005.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2005] [Revised: 07/07/2005] [Accepted: 09/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to establish whether penile dorsal arteries isolated from rabbits fed a high cholesterol diet show an enhanced contractile and/or impaired vasodilator response to histamine, and to characterize the histamine receptor subtype involved through in vitro isometric techniques. New Zealand White rabbits were fed a normal diet or a 1% cholesterol diet for 16 weeks. Arteries from cholesterol-fed rabbits retained the ability to relax in response to acetylcholine, whereas histamine and noradrenaline induced a greater contraction response compared to that observed in controls. In both groups, histamine-induced contraction was unaffected by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), its precursor L-arginine or the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. Treatment of arterial rings in the control and hypercholesterolemia groups with the H1 receptor antagonist, mepyramine, unmasked a vasodilation response to histamine. This was followed by contraction at higher concentrations showing a leftward displacement of the histamine curve compared to controls. The histamine receptor that induced contraction in preparations from the hypercholesterolemic animals was of the H1 subtype, whereas the receptor involved in histamine-induced relaxation was H2. The affinity of histamine receptor agonists was comparable to their effects in control animals, and receptor antagonists showed the same potency in both groups. Our findings indicate a preserved endothelial function and enhanced contraction in response to histamine in penile dorsal arteries, probably due to a change in the sensitivity of the contractile machinery of smooth muscle but not a mechanism mediated by a receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Martínez
- Sección Departamental de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Sánchez-Brunete JA, Dea MA, Rama S, Bolás F, Alunda JM, Raposo R, Méndez MT, Torrado-Santiago S, Torrado JJ. Treatment of experimental visceral leishmaniasis with amphotericin B in stable albumin microspheres. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:3246-52. [PMID: 15328080 PMCID: PMC514726 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.9.3246-3252.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2004] [Revised: 04/26/2004] [Accepted: 05/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophilic albumin microspheres are proposed as a new delivery system for amphotericin B (AMB; AMB microspheres). The acute toxicity of AMB microspheres was lower than that of the AMB-deoxycholate (AMB-Doc) reference formulation in hamsters. Lethal doses in healthy and infected animals were improved at least eight times. Intravenous bolus administration of doses of AMB microspheres up to 40 mg/kg of body weight did not produce acute symptoms of toxicity. The efficacy of this new formulation was tested against Leishmania infantum-infected hamsters at doses of 2, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg. With the 2-mg/kg dose, the activity of AMB, as assessed through the parasite load reductions in the liver and spleen and the evolution of antibody levels, was also improved (P < 0.05) by use of the AMB microsphere system. At the higher doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, reductions in parasite levels of more than 99% were achieved in the liver and spleen after the administration of AMB microspheres. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to study the serum, liver, and spleen AMB concentrations after administration of AMB microspheres and the reference formulation. Interestingly, a significant accumulation of AMB in the spleen and liver was observed after AMB microsphere administration. Our results suggest that this new formulation is a promising alternative to the conventional AMB-Doc formulation for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Sánchez-Brunete
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad Complutense, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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22
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Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Carbajal A, Ródenas S, Méndez MT, Bastida S, Raposo R, Ruiz T. Nutritional assessment, health markers and lipoprotein profile in postmenopausal women belonging to a closed community. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 57 Suppl 1:S26-30. [PMID: 12947448 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the dietary characteristics of a closed community and their relationship with several health markers and lipid and lipoprotein values in postmenopausal women. DESIGN Energy and nutrient intake, serum lipids, lipoproteins, antioxidants, peroxides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) peroxides in addition to several health markers were measured in a closed, postmenopausal female community consuming a diet without meat, meat products and alcoholic beverages. SETTING Departamento de Nutrición and Sección Departamental de Química Analítica and Escuela de Especialización de Análisis Clínicos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain and Lerma, Burgos, Spain. RESULTS Cereals, vegetables, legumes and fruit, together with milk and eggs, constituted the most important ingredients of the diet consumed. Dietary carbohydrates contributed 42%en and lipids 46.4%en. The SFA/MUFA/PUFA ratio was 1/2/1 and the n-3/n-6 ratio 0.05 (SFA=saturated fatty acids, MUFA=monounsaturated fatty acids, PUFA=polyunsaturated fatty acids). The study community diet was monotonous and made for possible deficiencies of iron, magnesium, zinc, vitamin B(6) and vitamin D, in variable proportions. Routine biochemical and haematological normality markers indicate that only one woman presented hyperglycaemia and hyperuricaemia. Two women had haemoglobin levels <12 g/dl, but their mean corpuscular volume or mean corpuscular haemoglobin was normal. The prevalence of high cholesterol values (>6.21 mmol/l) was 42.8%, while that of high LDL-cholesterol levels (>3.88 mmol/l) was 35.7%, but none of the women displayed levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol <1.16 mmol/l, triglycerides >1.2 mmol/l or an LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio>3. Only one woman had apolipoprotein (Apo) B levels >1.5 g/l, while most of the women presented Apo B values <1.2 g/l and an ApoA-1/ApoB ratio &<1.1. Plasma and LDL-peroxide levels, together with the tocopherol and carotene intakes, suggest a good antioxidant status in this population. CONCLUSIONS The diet of the study group seems compatible with a healthy life-profile and permits a more-than-acceptable degree of cardiovascular disease protection. However, the consumption of certain nutrients should be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Sánchez-Muniz
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Raposo R, Gomez V, Urrutia T, Melgarejo P. Fitness of Botrytis cinerea Associated with Dicarboximide Resistance. Phytopathology 2000; 90:1246-1249. [PMID: 18944427 DOI: 10.1094/phyto.2000.90.11.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Fitness costs in Botrytis cinerea associated with dicarboximide resistance were studied. Spearman rank correlation coefficients were calculated between resistance to iprodione and survival ability both outside and inside the greenhouse, measured on isolates randomly chosen from a collection done in a survey of commercial greenhouses in Southeastern Spain in 1992. Survival was measured at 47, 83, and 110 days as percentage of surviving mycelia in a sample of artificially inoculated tomato stem pieces and as percentage of viable sclerotia from a sample of sclerotia produced on potato dextrose agar. Resistance to iprodione was measured by the fungicide concentration that reduces fungal growth by 50% (EC(50) values). Significant (P < 0.05) negative correlation coefficients between survival of sclerotia and resistance to iprodione were found for some samplings dates, which indicates that sclerotia of resistant isolates survive less well than sclerotia from sensitive isolates. For mycelia, no relationship between survival and resistance was found.
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Abstract
The effect of histamine (10(-9)-10(-3) M) on horse penile dorsal artery was evaluated. Precontracted vessels showed a biphasic response (relaxation-contraction) to histamine, while at basal tone, histamine only induced a contractile effect. The H1 receptor agonist, 2-pyridylethylamine (PEA) (10(-9)-10(-3) M), induced concentration-dependent relaxation in precontracted rings and provoked vasoconstriction at basal tone. Mepyramine (10(-9)-10(8) M), an H1 receptor antagonist, competitively antagonized the relaxant response to histamine (pA2 = 9.7) and PEA (pA2 = 9.2). At basal tone, mepyramine (10(-10)-10(-8) M) also caused a rightward shift in the histamine contraction curve (pA2 = 10.1). Mepyramine (10(-9)-10(-8) M)/PEA Schild plots for resting vessels yielded a pA2 value of 9.4. A regulatory role for H2 and H3 receptors was precluded since there was no response to their agonists (dimaprit (10(-9)-10(-3) M), (R)-alpha-methylhistamine (10(-10)- 3 x 10(-4) M)), and antagonists (cimetidine (10(-5) M), thioperamide (10(-6) M)) did not affect control curves. Removal of the endothelium abolished the relaxant component causing a leftward shift in the contractile component in precontracted rings, with no effect on maximum contraction. Inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, L-NAME (3 x 10(-4) M) and L-NOARG (3 x 10(-4) M), modified the relaxant response while contraction was unaffected. L-Arginine (3 x 10(-4) M) potentiated maximum relaxation but did not affect contraction in precontracted rings. Effects of a prostanoid and K+ channels were ruled out. The biphasic response of precontracted vessels persisted in the presence of indomethacin (3 x 10(-6) M), tetraethylammonium (10(-3) M) and gliblenclamide (10(-5) M). L-NAME plus indomethacin, or this combination plus TEA or glibenclamide produced similar effects as isolated treatments. In resting vessels, histamine contraction was also unaffected by the lack of endothelium, or L-NAME, L-arginine or indomethacin pretreatment. The biphasic response to histamine is probably mediated by H1 receptors with a partial role for NO in the relaxant response in precontracted vessels. In the absence of tone, the contractile effect may be mediated by direct action on smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Martínez
- Sección Departamental de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Martínez AC, Prieto D, Raposo R, Delgado JA, Resel L, García-Sacristán A, Benedito S. Endothelium-independent relaxation induced by histamine in human dorsal penile artery. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2000; 27:500-7. [PMID: 10874506 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1681.2000.03280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
1. In vitro preparations of human dorsal penile arteries were used to evaluate the effect of histamine and to characterize the histamine receptors involved in the response. 2. Cumulative administration of histamine induced a concentration-dependent relaxation in precontracted arteries. The H1 receptor agonist 2-pyridylethylamine induced a biphasic response: contraction followed by dilation. The H2 receptor agonist dimaprit produced a marked relaxation. Mepyramine, a histamine H1 receptor antagonist, led to a slight but statistically significant change in the pD2 value corresponding to the relaxant phase of the H1 receptor agonist and the histamine curve. The H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine induced a marked shift in the dimaprit concentration-response curve without affecting the maximum response. Incubation with cimetidine led to a considerable loss in the sensitivity of the arteries to histamine and in the maximum relaxation. Combined treatment with histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonists resulted in an additional displacement compared with the effect of each antagonist alone on the histamine response. The effects observed using a histamine H3 receptor agonist and antagonist suggest that the involvement of this receptor is unlikely. 3. Removal of the endothelium was unable to reverse the histamine response. Pretreatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, L-arginine and indomethacin had no effect on the histamine control curve. 4. In conclusion, the vasodilation of human dorsal penile artery induced by histamine seems to be mainly mediated by muscular histamine H2 receptors, without the intervention of key intracellular mediators, such nitric oxide or relaxant prostanoids. A minor population of relaxant histamine H1 receptors cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Martínez
- Department of Pharmacy, San Carlos Hospital, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Martínez AC, Novella S, Raposo R, Recio P, Labadía A, Costa G, Garcia-Sacristán A, Benedito S. Histamine receptors in isolated bovine oviductal arteries. Eur J Pharmacol 1997; 326:163-73. [PMID: 9196269 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(97)85411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The present in vitro study was designed to evaluate the effect of histamine on isolated rings of bovine oviductal artery and to characterize the histamine receptors involved in the histamine-induced response. Endothelial dependence of the response was also investigated. Cumulative addition of histamine and 2-pyridylethylamine (histamine H receptor agonist) induced a concentration-dependent relaxation in intact arterial segments precontracted with noradrenaline. The histamine H1 receptor antagonist mepyramine showed non-competitive antagonism in the histamine-induced concentration-response curve. However, when the response to histamine was evaluated in the presence of mepyramine and histamine H1 and H3 receptors were blocked, Schild analysis yielded a line with a slope of 1.10 and a pA2 value of 8.91, indicating simple competitive antagonism of mepyramine at histamine H1 receptor sites. The histamine H2 receptor agonist, dimaprit, caused marked dilatation only at high doses. Cimetidine, propranolol and mepyramine failed to inhibit this relaxant effect. In precontracted oviductal arteries, cimetidine did not modify the histamine-induced concentration-response curves. Combined treatment with histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonists did not induce an additional displacement with respect to the isolated effect of mepyramine thus excluding activation of histamine H2 receptors. Histamine and (R)-alpha-methylhistamine, a selective histamine H3 receptor agonist, produced a moderate contractile effect on the resting tone of preparations. Pretreatment with the selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist decreased the (R)-alpha-methylhistamine response but increased the maximal relaxant effect and abolished the contractile effect of histamine, suggesting the presence of a limited population of contractile histamine H3 receptors. Removal of the endothelium or pretreatment with methylene blue produced a significant inhibition of the relaxant response to histamine. Remaining dilatation was practically abolished by mepyramine and also by indomethacin. The L-arginine analogue, N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) inhibited the effect of histamine and basal production of nitric oxide. L-Arginine, which on its own induced significant endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, reversed the effect of L-NAME on histamine relaxation. Indomethacin only caused a slight modification of the sensitivity of the vessels to histamine, suggesting that prostacyclin or other cyclo-oxygenase products did not make a significant contribution to the model. The absence of the endothelium did not modify the contractile effect of histamine. The results suggest that the relaxant response of isolated oviductal arteries to histamine is dependent on the functional integrity of the endothelium and is mainly mediated by histamine H1 receptors. These receptors may mask a minority presence of histamine H3 contractile receptors located on smooth muscle. The main relaxing factor released from the endothelium by mediation of histamine is nitric oxide, which may also exert an effect on vascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Martínez
- Seccion Departamental de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Perteguer MJ, Raposo R, Cuéllar C. In vitro study on the effect of larval excretory/secretory products and crude extracts from Anisakis simplex on blood coagulation. Int J Parasitol 1996; 26:105-8. [PMID: 9198584 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(95)00111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The anticoagulant action of Anisakis simplex larvae on human blood in vitro was examined. Anticoagulant activity was assessed by routine screening tests that evaluate the overall competency of the coagulant mechanism. A slight prolongation of the prothrombin time (PT) was observed with the larval crude extracts. Prolongation of the PT was seen at a concentration of excretory/secretory (ES) products greater than 62.5 micrograms/ml. No prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT) was observed using crude extracts. There was a prolongation of the PTT with ES products at concentrations greater than 62.5 micrograms/ml. ES products of the larvae were able to prolong coagulation times indicating that they contain an inhibitory or anticoagulant property. Preparation of crude extracts of A. simplex showed only minimal anticoagulant activity. The results obtained by measurements of the PT and the PTT suggest a probable alteration of one of the coagulation proteins namely factors Xa, IIa or Va. These findings suggest that the anticoagulant activity demonstrated in the ES products may play an important role during invasion of the gastric or intestinal mucosa by larvae and could have biological significance in infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Perteguer
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Espana
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