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Ohnsorg ML, Mash KM, Khang A, Rao VV, Kirkpatrick BE, Bera K, Anseth KS. Nonlinear Elastic Bottlebrush Polymer Hydrogels Modulate Actomyosin Mediated Protrusion Formation in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403198. [PMID: 38655776 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The nonlinear elasticity of many tissue-specific extracellular matrices is difficult to recapitulate without the use of fibrous architectures, which couple strain-stiffening with stress relaxation. Herein, bottlebrush polymers are synthesized and crosslinked to form poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels and used to study how strain-stiffening behavior affects human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). By tailoring the bottlebrush polymer length, the critical stress associated with the onset of network stiffening is systematically varied, and a unique protrusion-rich hMSC morphology emerges only at critical stresses within a biologically accessible stress regime. Local cell-matrix interactions are quantified using 3D traction force microscopy and small molecule inhibitors are used to identify cellular machinery that plays a critical role in hMSC mechanosensing of the engineered, strain-stiffening microenvironment. Collectively, this study demonstrates how covalently crosslinked bottlebrush polymer hydrogels can recapitulate strain-stiffening biomechanical cues at biologically relevant stresses and be used to probe how nonlinear elastic matrix properties regulate cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Ohnsorg
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80308, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80308, USA
| | - Kayla M Mash
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80308, USA
| | - Alex Khang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80308, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80308, USA
| | - Varsha V Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80308, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80308, USA
| | - Bruce E Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80308, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80308, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kaustav Bera
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80308, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80308, USA
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80308, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80308, USA
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2
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Castilla-Casadiego DA, Morton LD, Loh DH, Pineda-Hernandez A, Chavda AP, Garcia F, Rosales AM. Peptoid-Cross-Linked Hydrogel Stiffness Modulates Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Immunoregulatory Potential in the Presence of Interferon-Gamma. Macromol Biosci 2024:e2400111. [PMID: 38567626 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202400111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) manufacturing requires the production of large numbers of therapeutically potent cells. Licensing with soluble cytokines improves hMSC therapeutic potency by enhancing secretion of immunoactive factors but typically decreases proliferative ability. Soft hydrogels, however, have shown promise for boosting immunomodulatory potential, which may compensate for decreased proliferation. Here, hydrogels are cross-linked with peptoids of different secondary structures to generate substrates of various bulk stiffnesses but fixed network connectivity. Secretions of interleukin 6, monocyte chemoattractive protein-1, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor are shown to depend on hydrogel stiffness in the presence of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) supplementation, with soft substrates further improving secretion. The immunological function of these secreted cytokines is then investigated via coculture of hMSCs seeded on hydrogels with primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the presence and absence of IFN-γ. Cocultures with hMSCs seeded on softer hydrogels show decreased PBMC proliferation with IFN-γ. To probe possible signaling pathways, immunofluorescent studies probe the nuclear factor kappa B pathway and demonstrate that IFN-γ supplementation and softer hydrogel mechanics lead to higher activation of this pathway. Overall, these studies may allow for production of more efficacious therapeutic hMSCs in the presence of IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Logan D Morton
- Mcketta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Darren H Loh
- Mcketta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Aldaly Pineda-Hernandez
- Mcketta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ajay P Chavda
- Mcketta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Francis Garcia
- Mcketta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Adrianne M Rosales
- Mcketta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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3
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Cheng HY, Anggelia MR, Liu SC, Lin CF, Lin CH. Enhancing Immunomodulatory Function of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells by Hydrogel Encapsulation. Cells 2024; 13:210. [PMID: 38334602 PMCID: PMC10854565 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) showcase remarkable immunoregulatory capabilities in vitro, positioning them as promising candidates for cellular therapeutics. However, the process of administering MSCs and the dynamic in vivo environment may impact the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions of MSCs, consequently influencing their survival, engraftment, and their immunomodulatory efficacy. Addressing these concerns, hydrogel encapsulation emerges as a promising solution to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of MSCs in vivo. Hydrogel, a highly flexible crosslinked hydrophilic polymer with a substantial water content, serves as a versatile platform for MSC encapsulation. Demonstrating improved engraftment and heightened immunomodulatory functions in vivo, MSCs encapsulated by hydrogel are at the forefront of advancing therapeutic outcomes. This review delves into current advancements in the field, with a focus on tuning various hydrogel parameters to elucidate mechanistic insights and elevate functional outcomes. Explored parameters encompass hydrogel composition, involving monomer type, functional modification, and co-encapsulation, along with biomechanical and physical properties like stiffness, viscoelasticity, topology, and porosity. The impact of these parameters on MSC behaviors and immunomodulatory functions is examined. Additionally, we discuss potential future research directions, aiming to kindle sustained interest in the exploration of hydrogel-encapsulated MSCs in the realm of immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yun Cheng
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.R.A.)
| | - Madonna Rica Anggelia
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.R.A.)
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Chin Liu
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.R.A.)
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Fan Lin
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.R.A.)
| | - Cheng-Hung Lin
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.R.A.)
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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4
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Sumey JL, Harrell AM, Johnston PC, Caliari SR. Serial Passaging Affects Stromal Cell Mechanosensitivity on Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300110. [PMID: 37747449 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
There is a tremendous interest in developing hydrogels as tunable in vitro cell culture platforms to study cell response to mechanical cues in a controlled manner. However, little is known about how common cell culture techniques, such as serial expansion on tissue culture plastic, affect subsequent cell behavior when cultured on hydrogels. In this work, a methacrylated hyaluronic acid hydrogel platform is leveraged to study stromal cell mechanotransduction. Hydrogels are first formed through thiol-Michael addition to model normal soft tissue (e.g., lung) stiffness (E ≈ 1 kPa). Secondary cross-linking via radical photopolymerization of unconsumed methacrylates allows matching of early- (E ≈ 6 kPa) and late-stage fibrotic tissue (E ≈ 50 kPa). Early passage (P1) human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) display increased spreading, myocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTF-A) nuclear localization, and focal adhesion size with increasing hydrogel stiffness. However, late passage (P5) hMSCs show reduced sensitivity to substrate mechanics with lower MRTF-A nuclear translocation and smaller focal adhesions on stiffer hydrogels compared to early passage hMSCs. Similar trends are observed in an immortalized human lung fibroblast line. Overall, this work highlights the implications of standard cell culture practices on investigating cell response to mechanical signals using in vitro hydrogel models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Sumey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Abigail M Harrell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Peyton C Johnston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Steven R Caliari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
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5
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Cifuentes SJ, Domenech M. Heparin-collagen I bilayers stimulate FAK/ERK½ signaling via α2β1 integrin to support the growth and anti-inflammatory potency of mesenchymal stromal cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:65-81. [PMID: 37723658 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) growth mechanisms in response to surface chemistries is essential to optimize culture methods for high-quality and robust cell yields in cell manufacturing applications. Heparin (HEP) and collagen 1 (COL) substrates have been reported to enhance cell adhesion, growth, viability, and secretory potential in MSCs. However, the biomolecular mechanisms underlying the benefits of combined HEP/COL substrates are unknown. This work used HEP/COL bilayered surfaces to investigate the role of integrin-HEP interactions in the advantages of MSC culture. The layer-by-layer approach (LbL) was used to create HEP/COL bilayers, which were made up of stacks of 8 and 9 layers that combined HEP and COL in an alternate arrangement. Surface spectroscopic investigations and laser scanning microscopy evaluations verified the biochemical fingerprint of each component and a total stacked bilayer thickness of roughly 150 nm. Cell growth and apoptosis in response to IC50 and IC75 levels of BTT-3033 and Cilengitide, α2β1 and αvβ3 integrin inhibitors respectively, were evaluated on HEP/COL coated surfaces using two bone marrow-derived MSC donors. While integrin activity did not affect cell growth rates, it significantly affected cell adhesion and apoptosis on HEP/COL surfaces. HEP-ending HEP/COL surfaces significantly increased FAK-ERK½ phosphorylation and endogenous cell COL deposition compared to COL, COL-ending HEP/COL and uncoated surfaces. BTT-3033 but not Cilengitide treatment markedly affected FAK-ERK½ activity levels on HEP-ending HEP/COL surfaces supporting a major role for α2β1 activity. BTT-3033 treatment on HEP-ending bilayers reduced MSC-mediated macrophage inhibitory activity and altered the cytokine profile of co-cultures. Overall, this study supports a novel role for HEP in regulating the survival and potency of MSCs via enhancing the α2β1-FAK-ERK½ signaling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said J Cifuentes
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Maribella Domenech
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, USA
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6
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Dudaryeva OY, Bernhard S, Tibbitt MW, Labouesse C. Implications of Cellular Mechanical Memory in Bioengineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5985-5998. [PMID: 37797187 PMCID: PMC10646820 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability to maintain and differentiate cells in vitro is critical to many advances in the field of bioengineering. However, on traditional, stiff (E ≈ GPa) culture substrates, cells are subjected to sustained mechanical stress that can lead to phenotypic changes. Such changes may remain even after transferring the cells to another scaffold or engrafting them in vivo and bias the outcomes of the biological investigation or clinical treatment. This persistence─or mechanical memory─was initially observed for sustained myofibroblast activation of pulmonary fibroblasts after culturing them on stiff (E ≈ 100 kPa) substrates. Aspects of mechanical memory have now been described in many in vitro contexts. In this Review, we discuss the stiffness-induced effectors of mechanical memory: structural changes in the cytoskeleton and activity of transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers. We then focus on how mechanical memory impacts cell expansion and tissue regeneration outcomes in bioengineering applications relying on prolonged 2D plastic culture, such as stem cell therapies and disease models. We propose that alternatives to traditional cell culture substrates can be used to mitigate or erase mechanical memory and improve the efficiency of downstream cell-based bioengineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Y Dudaryeva
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584, Netherlands
| | - Stéphane Bernhard
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Mark W Tibbitt
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Céline Labouesse
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
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7
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Mousavi SJ, Ejeian F, Razmjou A, Nasr-Esfahani MH. In vivo evaluation of bone regeneration using ZIF8-modified polypropylene membrane in rat calvarium defects. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:1390-1405. [PMID: 37485621 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM The profound potential of zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 (ZIF8) thin film for inducing osteogenesis has been previously established under in vitro conditions. As the next step towards the clinical application of ZIF8-modified substrates in periodontology, this in vivo study aimed to evaluate the ability of the ZIF8 crystalline layer to induce bone regeneration in an animal model defect. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following the mechanical characterization of the membranes and analysing the in vitro degradation of the ZIF8 layer, in vivo bone regeneration was evaluated in a critical-sized (5-mm) rat calvarial bone defect model. For each animal, one defect was randomly covered with either a polypropylene (PP) or a ZIF8-modified membrane (n = 7 per group), while the other defect was left untreated as a control. Eight weeks post surgery, bone formation was assessed by microcomputed tomography scanning, haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS The ZIF8-modified membrane outperformed the PP membrane in terms of mechanical properties and revealed a trace Zn+2 release. Results of in vivo evaluation verified the superior barrier function of the ZIF8-coated membrane compared with pristine PP membrane. Compared with the limited marginal bone formation in the control and PP groups, the defect area was almost filled with mature bone in the ZIF8-coated membrane group. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the effectiveness of the ZIF8-coated membrane as a promising material for improving clinical outcomes of guided bone regeneration procedures, without using biological components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Javad Mousavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ejeian
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Razmjou
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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8
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Ganjali F, Gorab MG, Moghim Aliabadi HA, Rahmati S, Cohan RA, Eivazzadeh-Keihan R, Maleki A, Ghafuri H, Mahdavi M. A novel nanocomposite containing zinc ferrite nanoparticles embedded in carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel plus carbon nitride nanosheets with multifunctional bioactivity. RSC Adv 2023; 13:21873-21881. [PMID: 37475756 PMCID: PMC10354627 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02822d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel and biologically active nanobiocomposite is synthesized based on carbon nitride nanosheet (g-C3N4) based carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels with embedded zinc ferrite nanoparticles. Physical-chemical aspects, morphological properties, and their multifunctional biological properties have been considered in the process of evaluation of the synthesized structure. The hydrogels' compressive strength and compressive modulus are 1.98 ± 0.03 MPa and 3.46 ± 0.05 MPa, respectively. Regarding the biological response, it is shown that the nanobiocomposite is non-toxic and biocompatible, and hemocompatible (with Hu02 cells). In addition, the developed material offers a suitable antibacterial activity for both Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ganjali
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran +98-21-73021584 +98-21-73228313
| | - Mostafa Ghafori Gorab
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran +98-21-73021584 +98-21-73228313
| | | | - Saman Rahmati
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
| | - Reza Ahangari Cohan
- Nanobiotechnology Department, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
| | - Reza Eivazzadeh-Keihan
- Nanobiotechnology Department, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Maleki
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran +98-21-73021584 +98-21-73228313
| | - Hossein Ghafuri
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran +98-21-73021584 +98-21-73228313
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Yang X, Li Q, Liu W, Zong C, Wei L, Shi Y, Han Z. Mesenchymal stromal cells in hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis: from pathogenesis to treatment. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:583-599. [PMID: 36823236 PMCID: PMC10229624 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-00983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis is a significant health burden worldwide, resulting in liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and accounting for many deaths each year. The pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis is very complex, which makes treatment challenging. Endogenous mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. Paradoxically, exogenous MSCs have also been used in clinical trials for liver cirrhosis, and their effectiveness has been observed in most completed clinical trials. There are still many issues to be resolved to promote the use of MSCs in the clinic in the future. In this review, we will examine the controversial role of MSCs in the pathogenesis and treatment of hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis. We also investigated the clinical trials involving MSCs in liver cirrhosis, summarized the parameters that need to be standardized, and discussed how to promote the use of MSCs from a clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Qing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wenting Liu
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chen Zong
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lixin Wei
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Zhipeng Han
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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10
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Günay KA, Chang TL, Skillin NP, Rao VV, Macdougall LJ, Cutler AA, Silver JS, Brown TE, Zhang C, Yu CCJ, Olwin BB, Boyden ES, Anseth KS. Photo-expansion microscopy enables super-resolution imaging of cells embedded in 3D hydrogels. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:777-785. [PMID: 37217701 PMCID: PMC10590656 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are extensively used as tunable, biomimetic three-dimensional cell culture matrices, but optically deep, high-resolution images are often difficult to obtain, limiting nanoscale quantification of cell-matrix interactions and outside-in signalling. Here we present photopolymerized hydrogels for expansion microscopy that enable optical clearance and tunable ×4.6-6.7 homogeneous expansion of not only monolayer cell cultures and tissue sections, but cells embedded within hydrogels. The photopolymerized hydrogels for expansion microscopy formulation relies on a rapid photoinitiated thiol/acrylate mixed-mode polymerization that is not inhibited by oxygen and decouples monomer diffusion from polymerization, which is particularly beneficial when expanding cells embedded within hydrogels. Using this technology, we visualize human mesenchymal stem cells and their interactions with nascently deposited proteins at <120 nm resolution when cultured in proteolytically degradable synthetic polyethylene glycol hydrogels. Results support the notion that focal adhesion maturation requires cellular fibronectin deposition; nuclear deformation precedes cellular spreading; and human mesenchymal stem cells display cell-surface metalloproteinases for matrix remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Arda Günay
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tze-Ling Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Nathaniel P Skillin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Varsha V Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Laura J Macdougall
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Alicia A Cutler
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jason S Silver
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tobin E Brown
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- McGovern Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- HHMI, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Departments of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Media Arts and Sciences, and Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chih-Chieh Jay Yu
- McGovern Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- HHMI, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Departments of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Media Arts and Sciences, and Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bradley B Olwin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Edward S Boyden
- McGovern Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- HHMI, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Departments of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Media Arts and Sciences, and Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
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11
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Sumey JL, Johnston PC, Harrell AM, Caliari SR. Hydrogel mechanics regulate fibroblast DNA methylation and chromatin condensation. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:2886-2897. [PMID: 36880435 PMCID: PMC10329270 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm02058k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Cellular mechanotransduction plays a central role in fibroblast activation during fibrotic disease progression, leading to increased tissue stiffness and reduced organ function. While the role of epigenetics in disease mechanotransduction has begun to be appreciated, little is known about how substrate mechanics, particularly the timing of mechanical inputs, regulate epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation and chromatin reorganization during fibroblast activation. In this work, we engineered a hyaluronic acid hydrogel platform with independently tunable stiffness and viscoelasticity to model normal (storage modulus, G' ∼ 0.5 kPa, loss modulus, G'' ∼ 0.05 kPa) to increasingly fibrotic (G' ∼ 2.5 and 8 kPa, G'' ∼ 0.05 kPa) lung mechanics. Human lung fibroblasts exhibited increased spreading and nuclear localization of myocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTF-A) with increasing substrate stiffness within 1 day, with these trends holding steady for longer cultures. However, fibroblasts displayed time-dependent changes in global DNA methylation and chromatin organization. Fibroblasts initially displayed increased DNA methylation and chromatin decondensation on stiffer hydrogels, but both of these measures decreased with longer culture times. To investigate how culture time affected the responsiveness of fibroblast nuclear remodeling to mechanical signals, we engineered hydrogels amenable to in situ secondary crosslinking, enabling a transition from a compliant substrate mimicking normal tissue to a stiffer substrate resembling fibrotic tissue. When stiffening was initiated after only 1 day of culture, fibroblasts rapidly responded and displayed increased DNA methylation and chromatin decondensation, similar to fibroblasts on static stiffer hydrogels. Conversely, when fibroblasts experienced later stiffening at day 7, they showed no changes in DNA methylation and chromatin condensation, suggesting the induction of a persistent fibroblast phenotype. These results highlight the time-dependent nuclear changes associated with fibroblast activation in response to dynamic mechanical perturbations and may provide mechanisms to target for controlling fibroblast activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Sumey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, USA.
| | | | | | - Steven R Caliari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, USA
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12
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Su Y, Ai S, Shen Y, Cheng W, Xu C, Sui L, Zhao Y. Regulatory Effects of Three-Dimensional Cultured Lipopolysaccharide-Pretreated Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell-Derived Secretome on Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086981. [PMID: 37108145 PMCID: PMC10139044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic transformation of macrophages plays important immune response roles in the occurrence, development and regression of periodontitis. Under inflammation or other environmental stimulation, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert immunomodulatory effects through their secretome. It has been found that secretome derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-pretreated or three-dimensional (3D)-cultured MSCs significantly reduced inflammatory responses in inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis, by inducing M2 macrophage polarization. In this study, periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) pretreated with LPS were 3D cultured in hydrogel (termed SupraGel) for a certain period of time and the secretome was collected to explore its regulatory effects on macrophages. Expression changes of immune cytokines in the secretome were also examined to speculate on the regulatory mechanisms in macrophages. The results indicated that PDLSCs showed good viability in SupraGel and could be separated from the gel by adding PBS and centrifuging. The secretome derived from LPS-pretreated and/or 3D-cultured PDLSCs all inhibited the polarization of M1 macrophages, while the secretome derived from LPS-pretreated PDLSCs (regardless of 3D culture) had the ability to promote the polarization of M1 to M2 macrophages and the migration of macrophages. Cytokines involved in the production, migration and polarization of macrophages, as well as multiple growth factors, increased in the PDLSC-derived secretome after LPS pretreatment and/or 3D culture, which suggested that the secretome had the potential to regulate macrophages and promote tissue regeneration, and that it could be used in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases such as periodontitis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuran Su
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Sifan Ai
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, and National Institute of Functional Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Chenyu Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lei Sui
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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13
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Pretreated Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Secretome: Enhanced Immunotherapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021277. [PMID: 36674790 PMCID: PMC9864323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with self-renewing, multilineage differentiation and immunomodulatory properties, have been extensively studied in the field of regenerative medicine and proved to have significant therapeutic potential in many different pathological conditions. The role of MSCs mainly depends on their paracrine components, namely secretome. However, the components of MSC-derived secretome are not constant and are affected by the stimulation MSCs are exposed to. Therefore, the content and composition of secretome can be regulated by the pretreatment of MSCs. We summarize the effects of different pretreatments on MSCs and their secretome, focusing on their immunomodulatory properties, in order to provide new insights for the therapeutic application of MSCs and their secretome in inflammatory immune diseases.
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14
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Morton LD, Castilla-Casadiego DA, Palmer AC, Rosales AM. Crosslinker structure modulates bulk mechanical properties and dictates hMSC behavior on hyaluronic acid hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2023; 155:258-270. [PMID: 36423819 PMCID: PMC9805514 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic hydrogels are attractive platforms due in part to their highly tunable mechanics, which impact cell behavior and secretory profile. These mechanics are often controlled by altering the number of crosslinks or the total polymer concentration in the gel, leading to structure-property relationships that inherently couple network connectivity to the overall modulus. In contrast, the native extracellular matrix (ECM) contains structured biopolymers that enable stiff gels even at low polymer content, facilitating 3D cell culture and permeability of soluble factors. To mimic the hierarchical order of natural ECM, this work describes a synthetic hydrogel system in which mechanics are tuned using the structure of sequence-defined peptoid crosslinkers, while fixing network connectivity. Peptoid crosslinkers with different secondary structures are investigated: 1) a helical, molecularly stiff peptoid, 2) a non-helical, less stiff peptoid, and 3) an unstructured, relatively flexible peptoid. Bulk hydrogel storage modulus increases when crosslinkers of higher chain stiffness are used. In-vitro studies assess the viability, proliferation, cell morphology, and immunomodulatory activity of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on each hydrogel substrate. Matrix mechanics regulate the morphology of hMSCs on the developed substrates, and all of the hydrogels studied upregulate IDO production over culture on TCP. Softer substrates further this upregulation to a plateau. Overall, this system offers a biomimetic strategy for decoupling hydrogel storage modulus from network connectivity, enabling systematic study of biomaterial properties on hMSC behavior and enhancement of cellular functionality for therapeutic applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Various strategies to tune hydrogel mechanics have been developed to control human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) behavior and regulate their immunomodulatory potential. However, these strategies typically couple mechanics to network connectivity, which in turn changes other hydrogel properties such as permeability that may have unintended effects on hMSC behavior. This work presents a strategy to tune hydrogel mechanics using crosslinkers with different secondary structure and molecular rigidity. This strategy successfully decouples hydrogel moduli from crosslinker stoichiometry and mimics the hierarchical nature of the native extracellular matrix. The moduli of the developed hydrogels led to significant impacts on hMSC morphology and proliferation, and increased immunomodulatory potential, indicating that molecular rigidity is a promising avenue to control engineered ECM mechanics for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan D Morton
- Mcketta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States
| | - David A Castilla-Casadiego
- Mcketta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States
| | - Ajay C Palmer
- Mcketta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States
| | - Adrianne M Rosales
- Mcketta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States.
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15
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Wang Y, Fang J, Liu B, Shao C, Shi Y. Reciprocal regulation of mesenchymal stem cells and immune responses. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1515-1530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Brudnicki PAP, Gonsalves MA, Spinella SM, Kaufman LJ, Lu HH. Engineering collagenous analogs of connective tissue extracellular matrix. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:925838. [PMID: 36312546 PMCID: PMC9613959 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.925838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) consists of an interwoven network of contiguous collagen fibers that regulate cell activity, direct biological function, and guide tissue homeostasis throughout life. Recently, ECM analogs have emerged as a unique ex vivo culture platform for studying healthy and diseased tissues and in the latter, enabling the screening for and development of therapeutic regimen. Since these tissue models can mitigate the concern that observations from animal models do not always translate clinically, the design and production of a collagenous ECM analogue with relevant chemistry and nano- to micro-scale architecture remains a frontier challenge in the field. Therefore, the objectives of this study are two-fold— first, to apply green electrospinning approaches to the fabrication of an ECM analog with nanoscale mimicry and second, to systematically optimize collagen crosslinking in order to produce a stable, collagen-like substrate with continuous fibrous architecture that supports human cell culture and phenotypic expression. Specifically, the “green” electrospinning solvent acetic acid was evaluated for biofabrication of gelatin-based meshes, followed by the optimization of glutaraldehyde (GTA) crosslinking under controlled ambient conditions. These efforts led to the production of a collagen-like mesh with nano- and micro-scale cues, fibrous continuity with little batch-to-batch variability, and proven stability in both dry and wet conditions. Moreover, the as-fabricated mesh architecture and native chemistry were preserved with augmented mechanical properties. These meshes supported the in vitro expansion of stem cells and the production of a mineralized matrix by human osteoblast-like cells. Collectively these findings demonstrate the potential of green fabrication in the production of a collagen-like ECM analog with physiological relevance. Future studies will explore the potential of this high-fidelity platform for elucidating cell-matrix interactions and their relevance in connective tissue healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A. P. Brudnicki
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Matthew A. Gonsalves
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Laura J. Kaufman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Helen H. Lu
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Helen H. Lu,
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17
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Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and breast cancer: a good therapeutic candidate or not? A minireview. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9017-9022. [PMID: 35941415 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07739-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC), as the most common cancer among women, affects a great number of subjects around the world. This heterogenic disease is divided into several types and subtypes, and each subtype has various phenotypes and genotypes. Against BC, several options have been proposed, such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapeutic agents. However, these approaches may have detrimental effects on health and life quality of patients. Hence, harnessing a therapeutic tool with high effectiveness and low side effects is required. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have created a new window to treat various disorders, like cancer, and among these, umbilical cord (UC)-derived MSCs have acquired much interest due to their advantages. Therefore, in this narrative review, the influences of UC-derived MSCs on BC were reviewed and summarized with a focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis and treatment.
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18
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Vieira S, Silva-Correia J, Reis RL, Oliveira JM. Engineering Hydrogels for Modulation of Material-Cell Interactions. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200091. [PMID: 35853666 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are a recurrent platform for Tissue Engineering (TE) strategies. Their versatility and the variety of available methods for tuning their properties highly contribute to hydrogels' success. As a result, the design of advanced hydrogels has been thoroughly studied, in the quest for better solutions not only for drugs- and cell-based therapies but also for more fundamental studies. The wide variety of sources, crosslinking strategies, and functionalization methods, and mostly the resemblance of hydrogels to the natural extracellular matrix, make this 3D hydrated structures an excellent tool for TE approaches. The state-of-the-art information regarding hydrogel design, processing methods, and the influence of different hydrogel formulations on the final cell-biomaterial interactions are overviewed herein. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Vieira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva-Correia
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - J Miguel Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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19
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Nguyen-Truong M, Kim S, Doherty C, Frederes M, LeBar K, Ghosh S, Hematti P, Chinnadurai R, Wagner WR, Wang Z. Pro-angiogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Regulated by Matrix Stiffness and Anisotropy Mimicking Right Ventricles. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2353-2361. [PMID: 35502841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Capillary rarefaction is a hallmark of right ventricle (RV) failure. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy offers a potential treatment due to its pro-angiogenic function. However, the impact of RV tissue mechanics on MSC behavior is unclear, especially when referring to RV end-diastolic stiffness and mechanical anisotropy. In this study, we assessed MSC behavior on electrospun scaffolds with varied stiffness (normal vs failing RV) and anisotropy (isotropic vs anisotropic). In individual MSCs, we observed the highest vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production and total tube length in the failing, isotropic group (2.00 ± 0.37, 1.53 ± 0.24), which was greater than the normal, isotropic group (0.70 ± 0.15, 0.55 ± 0.07; p < 0.05). The presence of anisotropy led to trends of increased VEGF production on normal groups (0.75 ± 0.09 vs 1.20 ± 0.17), but this effect was absent on failing groups. Our findings reveal synergistic effects of RV-like stiffness and anisotropy on MSC pro-angiogenic function and may guide MSC-based therapies for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nguyen-Truong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Seungil Kim
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Courtney Doherty
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1376, United States
| | - Megan Frederes
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1376, United States
| | - Kristen LeBar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1376, United States
| | - Soham Ghosh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1376, United States
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison-School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia 31207, United States
| | - William R Wagner
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Zhijie Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1376, United States
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20
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Guo X, Wang J, Zou W, Wei W, Guan X, Liu J. Exploring microenvironment strategies to delay mesenchymal stem cell senescence. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 31:38-52. [PMID: 34913751 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently emerged as an important candidate for cell therapy and tissue regeneration. However, some limitations in translational research and therapies still exist, such as insufficient cell supply, inadequate differentiation potential, and decreased immune capacity, all of which result from replicative senescence during long-term in vitro culture. In vitro, stem cells lack a protective microenvironment owing to the absence of physical and biochemical cues compared with the in vivo niche, which provides dynamic physicochemical and biological cues. This difference results in accelerated aging after long-term in vitro culture. Therefore, it remains a great challenge to delay replicative senescence in culture. Constructing a microenvironment to delay replicative senescence of MSCs by maintaining their phenotypes, properties, and functions is a feasible strategy to solve this problem and has made measurable progress both in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Here, we review the current knowledge on the characteristics of senescent MSCs, explore the molecular mechanisms of MSCs senescence, describe the niche of MSCs, and discuss some current microenvironment strategies to delay MSCs replicative senescence that can broaden their range of therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunhui Guo
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 74710, Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, Dalian, China;
| | - Jiayi Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 74710, Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, Dalian, Dalian, China;
| | - Wei Zou
- Liaoning Normal University, 66523, College of Life Sciences, Dalian, China;
| | - Wenjuan Wei
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 74710, Dalian, China, 116011;
| | - Xin Guan
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 74710, Dalian, China, 116011;
| | - Jing Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 74710, Dalian, China, 116011;
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21
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Tousian H, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. In search of elixir: Pharmacological agents against stem cell senescence. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:868-880. [PMID: 34712416 PMCID: PMC8528253 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.51917.11773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell senescence causes different complications. In addition to the aging phenomenon, stem cell senescence has been investigated in various concepts such as cancer, adverse drug effects, and as a limiting factor in cell therapy. This manuscript examines protective medicines and supplements which are capable of hindering stem cell senescence. We searched the databases such as EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science with the keywords “stem cell,” “progenitor cell,” “satellite,” “senescence” and excluded the keywords “cancer,” “tumor,” “malignancy” and “carcinoma” until June 2020. Among these results, we chose 47 relevant studies. Our investigation indicates that most of these studies examined endothelial progenitor cells, hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells, and a few others were about less-discussed types of stem cells such as cardiac stem cells, myeloblasts, and induced pluripotent stem cells. From another aspect, 17β-Estradiol, melatonin, metformin, rapamycin, coenzyme Q10, N-acetyl cysteine, and vitamin C were the most studied agents, while the main protective mechanism was through telomerase activity enhancement or oxidative damage ablation. Although many of these studies are in vitro, they are still worthwhile. Stem cell senescence in the in vitro expansion stage is an essential concern in clinical procedures of cell therapy. Moreover, in vitro studies are the first step for further in vivo and clinical studies. It is noteworthy to mention the fact that these protective agents have been used in the clinical setting for various purposes for a long time. Given that, we only need to examine their systemic anti-senescence effects and effective dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hourieh Tousian
- Vice-chancellery of Food and Drug,Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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22
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Janjua TI, Ahmed-Cox A, Meka AK, Mansfeld FM, Forgham H, Ignacio RMC, Cao Y, McCarroll JA, Mazzieri R, Kavallaris M, Popat A. Facile synthesis of lactoferrin conjugated ultra small large pore silica nanoparticles for the treatment of glioblastoma. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:16909-16922. [PMID: 34533167 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03553c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The blood brain barrier (BBB) and blood tumour barrier (BTB) remain a major roadblock for delivering therapies to treat brain cancer. Amongst brain cancers, glioblastoma (GBM) is notoriously difficult to treat due to the challenge of delivering chemotherapeutic drugs across the BBB and into the tumour microenvironment. Consequently, GBM has high rates of tumour recurrence. Currently, limited numbers of chemotherapies are available that can cross the BBB to treat GBM. Nanomedicine is an attractive solution for treating GBM as it can augment drug penetration across the BBB and into the heterogeneous tumour site. However, very few nanomedicines exist that can easily overcome both the BBB and BTB owing to difficulty in synthesizing nanoparticles that meet the small size and surface functionality restrictions. In this study, we have developed for the first-time, a room temperature protocol to synthesise ultra-small size with large pore silica nanoparticles (USLP, size ∼30 nm, pore size >7 nm) with the ability to load high concentrations of chemotherapeutic drugs and conjugate a targeting moiety to their surface. The nanoparticles were conjugated with lactoferrin (>80 kDa), whose receptors are overexpressed by both the BBB and GBM, to achieve additional active targeting. Lactoferrin conjugated USLP (USLP-Lf) were loaded with doxorubicin - a chemotherapy agent that is known to be highly effective against GBM in vitro but cannot permeate the BBB. USLP-Lf were able to selectively permeate the BBB in vitro, and were effectively taken up by glioblastoma U87 cells. When compared to the uncoated USLP-NPs, the coating with lactoferrin significantly improved penetration of USLP into U87 tumour spheroids (after 12 hours at 100 μm distance, RFU value 19.58 vs. 49.16 respectively). Moreover, this USLP-Lf based delivery platform improved the efficacy of doxorubicin-mediated apoptosis of GBM cells in both 2D and 3D models. Collectively, our new nano-platform has the potential to overcome both the BBB and BTB to treat GBM more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taskeen Iqbal Janjua
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| | - Aria Ahmed-Cox
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia.
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Anand Kumar Meka
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| | - Friederike M Mansfeld
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia.
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Helen Forgham
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia.
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rosa Mistica C Ignacio
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia.
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yuxue Cao
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| | - Joshua A McCarroll
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia.
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Roberta Mazzieri
- Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD, 4102, Australia.
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia.
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba QLD 4102, Australia
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23
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Karimi-Shahri M, Javid H, Sharbaf Mashhad A, Yazdani S, Hashemy SI. Mesenchymal stem cells in cancer therapy; the art of harnessing a foe to a friend. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1307-1323. [PMID: 35096289 PMCID: PMC8769515 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.58227.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
For a long time, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were discussed only as stem cells which could give rise to different types of cells. However, when it became clear that their presence in the tumor microenvironment (TME) was like a green light for tumorigenesis, they emerged from the ashes. This review was arranged to provide a comprehensive and precise description of MSCs' role in regulating tumorigenesis and to discuss the dark and the bright sides of cancer treatment strategies using MSCs. To gather the details about MSCs, we made an intensive literature review using keywords, including MSCs, tumor microenvironment, tumorigenesis, and targeted therapy. Through transferring cytokines, growth factors, and microRNAs, MSCs maintain the cancer stem cell population, increase angiogenesis, provide a facility for cancer metastasis, and shut down the anti-tumor activity of the immune system. Although MSCs progress tumorigenesis, there is a consensus that these cells could be used as a vehicle to transfer anti-cancer agents into the tumor milieu. This feature opened a new chapter in MSCs biology, this time from the therapeutic perspective. Although the data are not sufficient, the advent of new genetic engineering methods might make it possible to engage these cells as Trojan horses to eliminate the malignant population. So many years of investigation showed that MSCs are an important group of cells, residing in the TME, studying the function of which not only could add a delicate series of information to the process of tumorigenesis but also could revolutionize cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Karimi-Shahri
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Javid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Sharbaf Mashhad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Yazdani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Ilam Institute for Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding author: Seyed Isaac Hashemy. Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Tel: +98-51-38002366;
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24
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Matrix biophysical cues direct mesenchymal stromal cell functions in immunity. Acta Biomater 2021; 133:126-138. [PMID: 34365041 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels have been used to design synthetic matrices that capture salient features of matrix microenvironments to study and control cellular functions. Recent advances in understanding of both extracellular matrix biology and biomaterial design have shown that biophysical cues are powerful mediators of cell biology, especially that of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). MSCs have been tested in many clinical trials because of their ability to modulate immune cells in different pathological conditions. While roles of biophysical cues in MSC biology have been studied in the context of multilineage differentiation, their significance in regulating immunomodulatory functions of MSCs is just beginning to be elucidated. This review first describes design principles behind how biophysical cues in native microenvironments influence the ability of MSCs to regulate immune cell production and functions. We will then discuss how biophysical cues can be leveraged to optimize cell isolation, priming, and delivery, which can help improve the success of MSC therapy for immunomodulation. Finally, a perspective is presented on how implementing biophysical cues in MSC potency assay can be important in predicting clinical outcomes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Stromal cells of mesenchymal origin are known to direct immune cell functions in vivo by secreting paracrine mediators. This property has been leveraged in developing mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapeutics by adoptive transfer to treat immunological rejection and tissue injuries, which have been tested in over one thousand clinical trials to date, but with mixed success. Advances in biomaterial design have enabled precise control of biophysical cues based on how stromal cells interact with the extracellular matrix in microenvironments in situ. Investigators have begun to use this approach to understand how different matrix biophysical parameters, such as fiber orientation, porosity, dimensionality, and viscoelasticity impact stromal cell-mediated immunomodulation. The insights gained from this effort can potentially be used to precisely define the microenvironmental cues for isolation, priming, and delivery of MSCs, which can be tailored based on different disease indications for optimal therapeutic outcomes.
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Tayler IM, Stowers RS. Engineering hydrogels for personalized disease modeling and regenerative medicine. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:4-22. [PMID: 33882354 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Technological innovations and advances in scientific understanding have created an environment where data can be collected, analyzed, and interpreted at scale, ushering in the era of personalized medicine. The ability to isolate cells from individual patients offers tremendous promise if those cells can be used to generate functional tissue replacements or used in disease modeling to determine optimal treatment strategies. Here, we review recent progress in the use of hydrogels to create artificial cellular microenvironments for personalized tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications, as well as to develop personalized disease models. We highlight engineering strategies to control stem cell fate through hydrogel design, and the use of hydrogels in combination with organoids, advanced imaging methods, and novel bioprinting techniques to generate functional tissues. We also discuss the use of hydrogels to study molecular mechanisms underlying diseases and to create personalized in vitro disease models to complement existing pre-clinical models. Continued progress in the development of engineered hydrogels, in combination with other emerging technologies, will be essential to realize the immense potential of personalized medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this review, we cover recent advances in hydrogel engineering strategies with applications in personalized medicine. Specifically, we focus on material systems to expand or control differentiation of patient-derived stem cells, and hydrogels to reprogram somatic cells to pluripotent states. We then review applications of hydrogels in developing personalized engineered tissues. We also highlight the use of hydrogel systems as personalized disease models, focusing on specific examples in fibrosis and cancer, and more broadly on drug screening strategies using patient-derived cells and hydrogels. We believe this review will be a valuable contribution to the Special Issue and the readership of Acta Biomaterialia will appreciate the comprehensive overview of the utility of hydrogels in the developing field of personalized medicine.
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Functional heterogeneity of IFN-γ-licensed mesenchymal stromal cell immunosuppressive capacity on biomaterials. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2105972118. [PMID: 34446555 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105972118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly combined with biomaterials to enhance their therapeutic properties, including their immunosuppressive function. However, clinical trials utilizing MSCs with or without biomaterials have shown limited success, potentially due to their functional heterogeneity across different donors and among different subpopulations of cells. Here, we evaluated the immunosuppressive capacity, as measured by the ability to reduce T-cell proliferation and activation, of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-licensed MSCs from multiple donors on fibrin and collagen hydrogels, the two most commonly utilized biomaterials in combination with MSCs in clinical trials worldwide according to ClinicalTrials.gov Variations in the immunosuppressive capacity between IFN-γ-licensed MSC donors on the biomaterials correlated with the magnitude of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase activity. Immunosuppressive capacity of the IFN-γ-licensed MSCs depended on the αV/α5 integrins when cultured on fibrin and on the α2/β1 integrins when cultured on collagen. While all tested MSCs were nearly 100% positive for these integrins, sorted MSCs that expressed higher levels of αV/α5 integrins demonstrated greater immunosuppressive capacity with IFN-γ licensing than MSCs that expressed lower levels of these integrins on fibrin. These findings were equivalent for MSCs sorted based on the α2/β1 integrins on collagen. These results demonstrate the importance of integrin engagement to IFN-γ licensed MSC immunosuppressive capacity and that IFN-γ-licensed MSC subpopulations of varying immunosuppressive capacity can be identified by the magnitude of integrin expression specific to each biomaterial.
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Moeinabadi-Bidgoli K, Babajani A, Yazdanpanah G, Farhadihosseinabadi B, Jamshidi E, Bahrami S, Niknejad H. Translational insights into stem cell preconditioning: From molecular mechanisms to preclinical applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112026. [PMID: 34411911 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy (CBT) is a revolutionary approach for curing a variety of degenerative diseases. Stem cell-based regenerative medicine is a novel strategy for treating tissue damages regarding stem cells unique properties such as differentiation potential, paracrine impacts, and self-renewal ability. However, the current cell-based treatments encounter considerable challenges to be translated into clinical practice, including low cell survival, migration, and differentiation rate of transplanted stem cells. The poor stem cell therapy outcomes mainly originate from the unfavorable condition of damaged tissues for transplanted stem cells. The promising method of preconditioning improves cell resistance against the host environment's stress by imposing certain conditions similar to the harsh microenvironment of the damaged tissues on the transplanted stem cells. Various pharmacological, biological, and physical inducers are able to establish preconditioning. In addition to their known pharmacological effects on tissues and cells, these preconditioning agents improve cell biological aspects such as cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, migration, immunomodulation, paracrine impacts, and angiogenesis. This review focuses on different protocols and inducers of preconditioning along with underlying molecular mechanisms of their effects on stem cell behavior. Moreover, preclinical applications of preconditioned stem cells in various damaged organs such as heart, lung, brain, bone, cartilage, liver, and kidney are discussed with prospects of their translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Moeinabadi-Bidgoli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhesam Babajani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Yazdanpanah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Elham Jamshidi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheyl Bahrami
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mesenchymal stem cells from biology to therapy. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 5:539-548. [PMID: 34355761 PMCID: PMC8639183 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are as fascinating as they are enigmatic. They appear capable of performing a wide array of functions that cross skeletal biology, immunology and haematology. As therapeutics, mesenchymal stem cells or even just their secreted products may be used to regenerate tissue lost through injury or disease and suppress damaging immune reactions. However, these cells lack unique markers and are hard to identify and isolate as pure cell populations. They are often grown in laboratories using basic and undefined culture conditions. We cannot even agree on their name. While mesenchymal stem cells may lack the developmental understanding and defined differentiation hierarchies of their more illustrious stem cell cousins, they offer a compelling scientific challenge. In depth understanding of mesenchymal stem cell biology will enable us to exploit fully one of the most clinically valuable cell sources.
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Doron G, Temenoff JS. Culture Substrates for Improved Manufacture of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapies. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100016. [PMID: 33930252 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapies have increased the demand for tools to improve their manufacture, including the selection of optimal culture substrate materials. While many clinical manufacturers use planar tissue culture plastic (TCP) surfaces for MSC production, others have begun exploring the use of alternative culture substrates that present a variety of spatial, mechanical, and biochemical cues that influence cell expansion and resulting cell quality. In this review, the effects of culture and material properties distinct from traditional planar TCP surfaces on MSC proliferation, surface marker expression, and commonly used indications for therapeutic potency are examined. The different properties summarized include the use of alternative culture formats such as cellular aggregates or 3D scaffolds, as well as the effects of culture substrate stiffness and presentation of specific adhesive ligands and topographical cues. Specific substrate properties can be related to greater cell expansion and improvement in specific therapeutic functionalities, demonstrating the utility of culture materials in further improving the clinical-scale manufacture of highly secretory MSC products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Doron
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University 313 Ferst Drive Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Johnna S. Temenoff
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University 313 Ferst Drive Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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30
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Kwee BJ, Sung KE. Engineering microenvironments for manufacturing therapeutic cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1845-1856. [PMID: 34250847 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211026922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a growing number of globally approved products and clinical trials utilizing autologous and allogeneic therapeutic cells for applications in regenerative medicine and immunotherapies. However, there is a need to develop rapid and cost-effective methods for manufacturing therapeutically effective cells. Furthermore, the resulting manufactured cells may exhibit heterogeneities that result in mixed therapeutic outcomes. Engineering approaches that can provide distinct microenvironmental cues to these cells may be able to enhance the growth and characterization of these cell products. This mini-review describes strategies to potentially enhance the expansion of therapeutic cells with biomaterials and bioreactors, as well as to characterize the cell products with microphysiological systems. These systems can provide distinct cues to maintain the quality attributes of the cells and evaluate their function in physiologically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Kwee
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA
| | - Kyung E Sung
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA
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31
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Yin S, Cao Y. Hydrogels for Large-Scale Expansion of Stem Cells. Acta Biomater 2021; 128:1-20. [PMID: 33746032 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells demonstrate considerable promise for various preclinical and clinical applications, including drug screening, disease treatments, and regenerative medicine. Producing high-quality and large amounts of stem cells is in demand for these applications. Despite challenges, as hydrogel-based cell culture technology has developed, tremendous progress has been made in stem cell expansion and directed differentiation. Hydrogels are soft materials with abundant water. Many hydrogel properties, including biodegradability, mechanical strength, and porosity, have been shown to play essential roles in regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation. The biochemical and physical properties of hydrogels can be specifically tailored to mimic the native microenvironment that various stem cells reside in vivo. A few hydrogel-based systems have been developed for successful stem cell cultures and expansion in vitro. In this review, we summarize various types of hydrogels that have been designed to effectively enhance the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), respectively. According to each stem cell type's preference, we also discuss strategies for fabricating hydrogels with biochemical and mechanical cues and other characteristics representing microenvironments of stem cells in vivo. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this review article we summarize current progress on the construction of hydrogel systems for the culture and expansion of various stem cells, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). The Significance includes: (1) Provide detailed discussion on the stem cell niches that should be considered for stem cell in vitro expansion. (2) Summarize various strategies to construct hydrogels that can largely recapture the microenvironment of native stem cells. (3) Suggest a few future directions that can be implemented to improve current in vitro stem cell expansion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Chemistry and Biomedicine innovation center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China, 518057
| | - Yi Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Chemistry and Biomedicine innovation center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China, 518057.
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32
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Siboro SAP, Anugrah DSB, Ramesh K, Park SH, Kim HR, Lim KT. Tunable porosity of covalently crosslinked alginate-based hydrogels and its significance in drug release behavior. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117779. [PMID: 33712135 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Task-specific drug release is essential in the development of hydrogels as drug delivery systems. The aim of the study is to report the effect of porosity on alginate hydrogels, which may be controlled by the design of crosslinkers, on drug release behavior. Two alginate-based hydrogels were prepared: alginate-norbornene (Alg-Nb) crosslinked by disulfide-tetrazine (S-Tz; hydrogel A) and alginate-furfuryl amine (Alg-FA) crosslinked by disulfide-maleimide (S-Ma; hydrogel B). Results showed the porosity of hydrogel A was controllable by adjusting the amount of S-Tz. Gel formation was facilitated by a "click" reaction between Alg-Nb and S-Tz, producing nitrogen gas, which, in turn, acted as an in-situ pore generator. Hydrogel B showed a non-porous morphology, as gelation was processed via addition reaction between Alg-FA and S-Ma, which produced no by-product. The study showed that crosslinker proportion and porosity were significant factors influencing drug release behavior of the alginate hydrogels. The presence of a porous structure increased the drug release while non-porous hydrogels led to a very slow release. In addition, the porous alginate hydrogels could sustainably release doxorubicin for 35 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonita A P Siboro
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Daru S B Anugrah
- Department of Display Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Kalyan Ramesh
- Department of Display Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyug Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeung-Rak Kim
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Taek Lim
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Department of Display Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Caldwell AS, Rao VV, Golden AC, Bell DJ, Grim JC, Anseth KS. Mesenchymal stem cell-inspired microgel scaffolds to control macrophage polarization. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 6:e10217. [PMID: 34027099 PMCID: PMC8126823 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a desire in regenerative medicine to create biofunctional materials that can control and direct cell function in a precise manner. One particular stem cell of interest, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), can function as regulators of the immunogenic response and aid in tissue regeneration and wound repair. Here, a porous hydrogel scaffold assembled from microgel subunits was used to recapitulate part of this immunomodulatory behavior. The scaffolds were used to culture a macrophage cell line, while cytokines were delivered exogenously to polarize the macrophages to either a pro-inflammatory (M1) or alternatively activated (M2a) phenotypes. Using a cytokine array, interleukin 10 (IL-10) was identified as one key anti-inflammatory factor secreted by hMSCs in pro-inflammatory conditions; it was elevated (125 ± 25 pg/ml) in pro-inflammatory conditions compared to standard medium (6 ± 10 pg/ml). The ability of hMSC laden scaffolds to reverse the M1 phenotype was then examined, even in the presence of exogenous pro-inflammatory cytokines. Co-culture of M1 and M2 macrophages with hMSCs reduced the secretion of TNFα, a pro-inflammatory cytokine even in the presence of pro-inflammatory stimulatory factors. Next, IL-10 was supplemented in the medium or tethered directly to the microgel subunits; both methods limited the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines of encapsulated macrophages even in pro-inflammatory conditions. Cumulatively, these results reveal the potential of biofunctional microgel-based scaffolds as acellular therapies to present anti-inflammatory cytokines and control the immunogenic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Caldwell
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of ColoradoBoulderColoradoUSA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of ColoradoBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Varsha V. Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of ColoradoBoulderColoradoUSA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of ColoradoBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Alyxandra C. Golden
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of ColoradoBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Daniel J. Bell
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of ColoradoBoulderColoradoUSA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of ColoradoBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Joseph C. Grim
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of ColoradoBoulderColoradoUSA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of ColoradoBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Kristi S. Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of ColoradoBoulderColoradoUSA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of ColoradoBoulderColoradoUSA
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34
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Tong Z, Jin L, Oliveira JM, Reis RL, Zhong Q, Mao Z, Gao C. Adaptable hydrogel with reversible linkages for regenerative medicine: Dynamic mechanical microenvironment for cells. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:1375-1387. [PMID: 33210030 PMCID: PMC7658331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are three-dimensional platforms that serve as substitutes for native extracellular matrix. These materials are starting to play important roles in regenerative medicine because of their similarities to native matrix in water content and flexibility. It would be very advantagoues for researchers to be able to regulate cell behavior and fate with specific hydrogels that have tunable mechanical properties as biophysical cues. Recent developments in dynamic chemistry have yielded designs of adaptable hydrogels that mimic dynamic nature of extracellular matrix. The current review provides a comprehensive overview for adaptable hydrogel in regenerative medicine as follows. First, we outline strategies to design adaptable hydrogel network with reversible linkages according to previous findings in supramolecular chemistry and dynamic covalent chemistry. Next, we describe the mechanism of dynamic mechanical microenvironment influence cell behaviors and fate, including how stress relaxation influences on cell behavior and how mechanosignals regulate matrix remodeling. Finally, we highlight techniques such as bioprinting which utilize adaptable hydrogel in regenerative medicine. We conclude by discussing the limitations and challenges for adaptable hydrogel, and we present perspectives for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongrui Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lulu Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Joaquim Miguel Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco GMR, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco GMR, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Qi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, National Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation in Textiles and Consumer-Goods Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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35
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Wechsler ME, Rao VV, Borelli AN, Anseth KS. Engineering the MSC Secretome: A Hydrogel Focused Approach. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001948. [PMID: 33594836 PMCID: PMC8035320 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic benefits of exogenously delivered mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been largely attributed to their secretory properties. However, clinical translation of MSC-based therapies is hindered due to loss of MSC regenerative properties during large-scale expansion and low survival/retention post-delivery. These limitations might be overcome by designing hydrogel culture platforms to modulate the MSC microenvironment. Hydrogel systems could be engineered to i) promote MSC proliferation and maintain regenerative properties (i.e., stemness and secretion) during ex vivo expansion, ii) improve MSC survival, retention, and engraftment in vivo, and/or iii) direct the MSC secretory profile using tailored biochemical and biophysical cues. Herein, it is reviewed how hydrogel material properties (i.e., matrix modulus, viscoelasticity, dimensionality, cell adhesion, and porosity) influence MSC secretion, mediated through cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions. In addition, it is highlighted how biochemical cues (i.e., small molecules, peptides, and proteins) can improve and direct the MSC secretory profile. Last, the authors' perspective is provided on future work toward the understanding of how microenvironmental cues influence the MSC secretome, and designing the next generation of biomaterials, with optimized biophysical and biochemical cues, to direct the MSC secretory profile for improved clinical translation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa E Wechsler
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado-Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado-Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Varsha V Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado-Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado-Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Alexandra N Borelli
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado-Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado-Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado-Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado-Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
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Ejeian F, Razmjou A, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Mohammad M, Karamali F, Ebrahimi Warkiani M, Asadnia M, Chen V. ZIF-8 Modified Polypropylene Membrane: A Biomimetic Cell Culture Platform with a View to the Improvement of Guided Bone Regeneration. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:10029-10043. [PMID: 33335393 PMCID: PMC7737945 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s269169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the significant advances in modeling of biomechanical aspects of cell microenvironment, it remains a major challenge to precisely mimic the physiological condition of the particular cell niche. Here, the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been introduced as a feasible platform for multifactorial control of cell-substrate interaction, given the wide range of physical and mechanical properties of MOF materials and their structural flexibility. RESULTS In situ crystallization of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) on the polydopamine (PDA)-modified membrane significantly raised surface energy, wettability, roughness, and stiffness of the substrate. This modulation led to an almost twofold increment in the primary attachment of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) compare to conventional plastic culture dishes. The findings indicate that polypropylene (PP) membrane modified by PDA/ZIF-8 coating effectively supports the growth and proliferation of DPSCs at a substantial rate. Further analysis also displayed the exaggerated multilineage differentiation of DPSCs with amplified level of autocrine cell fate determination signals, like BSP1, BMP2, PPARG, FABP4, ACAN, and COL2A. Notably, osteogenic markers were dramatically overexpressed (more than 100-folds rather than tissue culture plate) in response to biomechanical characteristics of the ZIF-8 layer. CONCLUSION Hence, surface modification of cell culture platforms with MOF nanostructures proposed as a powerful nanomedical approach for selectively guiding stem cells for tissue regeneration. In particular, PP/PDA/ZIF-8 membrane presented ideal characteristics for using as a barrier membrane for guided bone regeneration (GBR) in periodontal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ejeian
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan73441-81746, Iran
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Razmjou
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan73441-81746, Iran
- UNESCO Center for Membrane Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Munirah Mohammad
- UNESCO Center for Membrane Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Fereshteh Karamali
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Mohsen Asadnia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Vicki Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Ogle ME, Doron G, Levy MJ, Temenoff JS. Hydrogel Culture Surface Stiffness Modulates Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome and Alters Senescence. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:1259-1271. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Molly E. Ogle
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gilad Doron
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Matthew J. Levy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Johnna S. Temenoff
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Muckom RJ, Sampayo RG, Johnson HJ, Schaffer DV. Advanced Materials to Enhance Central Nervous System Tissue Modeling and Cell Therapy. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2002931. [PMID: 33510596 PMCID: PMC7840150 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202002931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The progressively deeper understanding of mechanisms underlying stem cell fate decisions has enabled parallel advances in basic biology-such as the generation of organoid models that can further one's basic understanding of human development and disease-and in clinical translation-including stem cell based therapies to treat human disease. Both of these applications rely on tight control of the stem cell microenvironment to properly modulate cell fate, and materials that can be engineered to interface with cells in a controlled and tunable manner have therefore emerged as valuable tools for guiding stem cell growth and differentiation. With a focus on the central nervous system (CNS), a broad range of material solutions that have been engineered to overcome various hurdles in constructing advanced organoid models and developing effective stem cell therapeutics is reviewed. Finally, regulatory aspects of combined material-cell approaches for CNS therapies are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya J Muckom
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Rocío G Sampayo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Hunter J Johnson
- Department of Bioengineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - David V Schaffer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
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Yan H, Rong L, Xiao D, Zhang M, Sheikh SP, Sui X, Lu M. Injectable and self-healing hydrogel as a stem cells carrier for treatment of diabetic erectile dysfunction. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 116:111214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mitragotri S. Bioengineering & Translational Medicine: Year 2020 in review. Bioeng Transl Med 2020; 5:e10178. [PMID: 33005741 PMCID: PMC7510453 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Nuclear mechanosensing controls MSC osteogenic potential through HDAC epigenetic remodeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:21258-21266. [PMID: 32817542 PMCID: PMC7474590 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006765117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells sense mechanical cues from the extracellular matrix to regulate cellular behavior and maintain tissue homeostasis. The nucleus has been implicated as a key mechanosensor and can directly influence chromatin organization, epigenetic modifications, and gene expression. Dysregulation of nuclear mechanosensing has been implicated in several diseases, including bone degeneration. Here, we exploit photostiffening hydrogels to manipulate nuclear mechanosensing in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro. Results show that hMSCs respond to matrix stiffening by increasing nuclear tension and causing an increase in histone acetylation via deactivation of histone deacetylases (HDACs). This ultimately induces osteogenic fate commitment. Disrupting nuclear mechanosensing by disconnecting the nucleus from the cytoskeleton up-regulates HDACs and prevents osteogenesis. Resetting HDAC activity back to healthy levels rescues the epigenetic and osteogenic response in hMSCs with pathological nuclear mechanosensing. Notably, bone from patients with osteoarthritis displays similar defective nuclear mechanosensing. Collectively, our results reveal that nuclear mechanosensing controls hMSC osteogenic potential mediated by HDAC epigenetic remodeling and that this cellular mechanism is likely relevant to bone-related diseases.
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Le NNT, Liu TL, Johnston J, Krutty JD, Templeton KM, Harms V, Dias A, Le H, Gopalan P, Murphy WL. Customized hydrogel substrates for serum-free expansion of functional hMSCs. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:3819-3829. [PMID: 32543628 PMCID: PMC7436193 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00540a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe a screening approach to identify customized substrates for serum-free human mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) culture. In particular, we combine a biomaterials screening approach with design of experiments (DOE) and multivariate analysis (MVA) to understand the effects of substrate stiffness, substrate adhesivity, and media composition on hMSC behavior in vitro. This approach enabled identification of poly(ethylene glycol)-based and integrin binding hydrogel substrate compositions that supported functional hMSC expansion in multiple serum-containing and serum-free media, as well as the expansion of MSCs from multiple, distinct sources. The identified substrates were compatible with standard thaw, seed, and harvest protocols. Finally, we used MVA on the screening data to reveal the importance of serum and substrate stiffness on hMSC expansion, highlighting the need for customized cell culture substrates in optimal hMSC biomanufacturing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Nhi T Le
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Melzer C, Jacobs R, Dittmar T, Pich A, von der Ohe J, Yang Y, Hass R. Reversible Growth-Arrest of a Spontaneously-Derived Human MSC-Like Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134752. [PMID: 32635395 PMCID: PMC7369918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Life cycle limitation hampers the production of high amounts of primary human mesenchymal stroma-/stem-like cells (MSC) and limits cell source reproducibility for clinical applications. The characterization of permanently growing MSC544 revealed some differentiation capacity and the simultaneous presence of known MSC markers CD73, CD90, and CD105 even after continuous long-term culture for more than one year and 32 passages. The expression of CD13, CD29, CD44, and CD166 were identified as further surface proteins, all of which were also simultaneously detectable in various other types of primary MSC populations derived from the umbilical cord, bone marrow, and placenta suggesting MSC-like properties in the cell line. Proliferating steady state MSC544 exhibited immune-modulatory activity similar to a subpopulation of long-term growth-inhibited MSC544 after 189d of continuous culture in confluency. This confluent connective cell layer with fibroblast-like morphology can spontaneously contract and the generated space is subsequently occupied by new cells with regained proliferative capacity. Accordingly, the confluent and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase-positive MSC544 culture with about 95% G0/G1 growth-arrest resumed re-entry into the proliferative cell cycle within 3d after sub-confluent culture. The MSC544 cells remained viable during confluency and throughout this transition which was accompanied by marked changes in the release of proteins. Thus, expression of proliferation-associated genes was down-modulated in confluent MSC544 and re-expressed following sub-confluent conditions whilst telomerase (hTERT) transcripts remained detectable at similar levels in both, confluent growth-arrested and proliferating MSC544. Together with the capability of connective cell layer formation for potential therapeutic approaches, MSC544 provide a long term reproducible human cell source with constant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Melzer
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Lab, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (C.M.); (J.v.d.O.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Roland Jacobs
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Thomas Dittmar
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany;
| | - Andreas Pich
- Department of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Juliane von der Ohe
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Lab, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (C.M.); (J.v.d.O.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Lab, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (C.M.); (J.v.d.O.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ralf Hass
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Lab, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (C.M.); (J.v.d.O.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-6070
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Levy O, Kuai R, Siren EMJ, Bhere D, Milton Y, Nissar N, De Biasio M, Heinelt M, Reeve B, Abdi R, Alturki M, Fallatah M, Almalik A, Alhasan AH, Shah K, Karp JM. Shattering barriers toward clinically meaningful MSC therapies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba6884. [PMID: 32832666 PMCID: PMC7439491 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba6884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
More than 1050 clinical trials are registered at FDA.gov that explore multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for nearly every clinical application imaginable, including neurodegenerative and cardiac disorders, perianal fistulas, graft-versus-host disease, COVID-19, and cancer. Several companies have or are in the process of commercializing MSC-based therapies. However, most of the clinical-stage MSC therapies have been unable to meet primary efficacy end points. The innate therapeutic functions of MSCs administered to humans are not as robust as demonstrated in preclinical studies, and in general, the translation of cell-based therapy is impaired by a myriad of steps that introduce heterogeneity. In this review, we discuss the major clinical challenges with MSC therapies, the details of these challenges, and the potential bioengineering approaches that leverage the unique biology of MSCs to overcome the challenges and achieve more potent and versatile therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Levy
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rui Kuai
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
- BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erika M. J. Siren
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deepak Bhere
- BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuka Milton
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nabeel Nissar
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael De Biasio
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martina Heinelt
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brock Reeve
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meshael Alturki
- National Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- KACST Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohanad Fallatah
- KACST Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Almalik
- National Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- KACST Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H. Alhasan
- National Center of Pharmaceutical Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- KACST Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Shah
- BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Karp
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
- BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Temples MN, Adjei IM, Nimocks PM, Djeu J, Sharma B. Engineered Three-Dimensional Tumor Models to Study Natural Killer Cell Suppression. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4179-4199. [PMID: 33463353 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A critical hurdle associated with natural killer (NK) cell immunotherapies is inadequate infiltration and function in the solid tumor microenvironment. Well-controlled 3D culture systems could advance our understanding of the role of various biophysical and biochemical cues that impact NK cell migration in solid tumors. The objectives of this study were to establish a biomaterial which (i) supports NK cell migration and (ii) recapitulates features of the in vivo solid tumor microenvironment, to study NK infiltration and function in a 3D system. Using peptide-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels, the extent of NK-92 cell migration was observed to be largely dependent on the density of integrin binding sites and the presence of matrix metalloproteinase degradable sites. When lung cancer cells were encapsulated into the hydrogels to create tumor microenvironments, the extent of NK-92 cell migration and functional activity was dependent on the cancer cell type and duration of 3D culture. NK-92 cells showed greater migration into the models consisting of nonmetastatic A549 cells relative to metastatic H1299 cells, and reduced migration in both models when cancer cells were cultured for 7 days versus 1 day. In addition, the production of NK cell-related pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was reduced in H1299 models relative to A549 models. These differences in NK-92 cell migration and cytokine/chemokine production corresponded to differences in the production of various immunomodulatory molecules by the different cancer cells, namely, the H1299 models showed increased stress ligand shedding and immunosuppressive cytokine production, particularly TGF-β. Indeed, inhibition of TGF-β receptor I in NK-92 cells restored their infiltration in H1299 models to levels similar to that in A549 models and increased overall infiltration in both models. Relative to conventional 2D cocultures, NK-92 cell mediated cytotoxicity was reduced in the 3D tumor models, suggesting the hydrogel serves to mimic some features of the biophysical barriers in in vivo tumor microenvironments. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a synthetic hydrogel system for investigating the biophysical and biochemical cues impacting NK cell infiltration and NK cell-cancer cell interactions in the solid tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison N Temples
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-56, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6131, United States
| | - Isaac M Adjei
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-56, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6131, United States
| | - Phoebe M Nimocks
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-56, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6131, United States
| | - Julie Djeu
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center MRC 4E, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
| | - Blanka Sharma
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-56, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6131, United States
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Mandal A, Clegg JR, Anselmo AC, Mitragotri S. Hydrogels in the clinic. Bioeng Transl Med 2020; 5:e10158. [PMID: 32440563 PMCID: PMC7237140 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels are one of the most widely investigated and versatile technologies for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. Hydrogels' versatility arises from their tunable structure, which has been enabled by considerable advances in fields such as materials engineering, polymer science, and chemistry. Advances in these fields continue to lead to invention of new polymers, new approaches to crosslink polymers, new strategies to fabricate hydrogels, and new applications arising from hydrogels for improving healthcare. Various hydrogel technologies have received regulatory approval for healthcare applications ranging from cancer treatment to aesthetic corrections to spinal fusion. Beyond these applications, hydrogels are being studied in clinical settings for tissue regeneration, incontinence, and other applications. Here, we analyze the current clinical landscape of injectable hydrogel technologies, including hydrogels that have been clinically approved or are currently being investigated in clinical settings. We summarize our analysis to highlight key clinical areas that hydrogels have found sustained success in and further discuss challenges that may limit their future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhirup Mandal
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - John R. Clegg
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Aaron C. Anselmo
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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Caldwell AS, Rao VV, Golden AC, Anseth KS. Porous bio-click microgel scaffolds control hMSC interactions and promote their secretory properties. Biomaterials 2020; 232:119725. [PMID: 31918222 PMCID: PMC7047645 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) are known to secrete numerous cytokines that signal to endogenous cells and aid in tissue regeneration. However, the role that biomaterial scaffolds can play in controlling hMSC secretory properties has been less explored. Here, microgels were co-assembled with hMSCs using three different microgel populations, with large (190 ± 100 μm), medium (110 ± 60 μm), and small (13 ± 6 μm) diameters, to create distinct porous environments that influenced hMSC clustering. Cells embedded in large diameter microgel networks resided in large clusters (~40 cells), compared to small clusters (~6 cells) observed in networks using medium diameter microgels and primarily single cells in small diameter microgel networks. Using a cytokine microarray, an overall increase in secretion was observed in scaffolds that promoted hMSC clustering, with over 60% of the measured cytokines most elevated in the large diameter microgel networks. N-cadherin interactions were identified as partially mediating these differences, so the microgel formulations were modified with an N-cadherin epitope, HAVDI, to mimic cell-cell interactions. Results revealed increased secretory properties for hMSCs in HAVDI functionalized scaffolds, even the non-clustered cells in small diameter microgel networks. Together, these results demonstrate opportunities for microgel-based scaffold systems for hMSC delivery and tailoring of porous materials properties to promote their secretory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Caldwell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303-0596, USA; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303-0596, USA
| | - Varsha V Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303-0596, USA; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303-0596, USA
| | - Alyxandra C Golden
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303-0596, USA
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303-0596, USA; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO, 80303-0596, USA.
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Mesenchymal stem cell perspective: cell biology to clinical progress. NPJ Regen Med 2019; 4:22. [PMID: 31815001 PMCID: PMC6889290 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-019-0083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 984] [Impact Index Per Article: 196.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The terms MSC and MSCs have become the preferred acronym to describe a cell and a cell population of multipotential stem/progenitor cells commonly referred to as mesenchymal stem cells, multipotential stromal cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, and mesenchymal progenitor cells. The MSCs can differentiate to important lineages under defined conditions in vitro and in limited situations after implantation in vivo. MSCs were isolated and described about 30 years ago and now there are over 55,000 publications on MSCs readily available. Here, we have focused on human MSCs whenever possible. The MSCs have broad anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory properties. At present, these provide the greatest focus of human MSCs in clinical testing; however, the properties of cultured MSCs in vitro suggest they can have broader applications. The medical utility of MSCs continues to be investigated in over 950 clinical trials. There has been much progress in understanding MSCs over the years, and there is a strong foundation for future scientific research and clinical applications, but also some important questions remain to be answered. Developing further methods to understand and unlock MSC potential through intracellular and intercellular signaling, biomedical engineering, delivery methods and patient selection should all provide substantial advancements in the coming years and greater clinical opportunities. The expansive and growing field of MSC research is teaching us basic human cell biology as well as how to use this type of cell for cellular therapy in a variety of clinical settings, and while much promise is evident, careful new work is still needed.
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