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Shao L, Yang M, Sun T, Xia H, Du D, Li X, Jie Z. Role of solute carrier transporters in regulating dendritic cell maturation and function. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350385. [PMID: 38073515 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that initiate and regulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Solute carrier (SLC) transporters mediate diverse physiological functions and maintain cellular metabolite homeostasis. Recent studies have highlighted the significance of SLCs in immune processes. Notably, upon activation, immune cells undergo rapid and robust metabolic reprogramming, largely dependent on SLCs to modulate diverse immunological responses. In this review, we explore the central roles of SLC proteins and their transported substrates in shaping DC functions. We provide a comprehensive overview of recent studies on amino acid transporters, metal ion transporters, and glucose transporters, emphasizing their essential contributions to DC homeostasis under varying pathological conditions. Finally, we propose potential strategies for targeting SLCs in DCs to bolster immunotherapy for a spectrum of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxin Yang
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Haotang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Dan Du
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zuliang Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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The transcription factor C/EBPβ orchestrates dendritic cell maturation and functionality under homeostatic and malignant conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:26328-26339. [PMID: 33020261 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008883117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) maturation is a prerequisite for the induction of adaptive immune responses against pathogens and cancer. Transcription factor (TF) networks control differential aspects of early DC progenitor versus late-stage DC cell fate decisions. Here, we identified the TF C/EBPβ as a key regulator for DC maturation and immunogenic functionality under homeostatic and lymphoma-transformed conditions. Upon cell-specific deletion of C/EBPβ in CD11c+MHCIIhi DCs, gene expression profiles of splenic C/EBPβ-/- DCs showed a down-regulation of E2F cell cycle target genes and associated proliferation signaling pathways, whereas maturation signatures were enriched. Total splenic DC cell numbers were modestly increased but differentiation into cDC1 and cDC2 subsets were unaltered. The splenic CD11c+MHCIIhiCD64+ DC compartment was also increased, suggesting that C/EBPβ deficiency favors the expansion of monocytic-derived DCs. Expression of C/EBPβ could be mimicked in LAP/LAP* isoform knockin DCs, whereas the short isoform LIP supported a differentiation program similar to deletion of the full-length TF. In accordance with E2F1 being a negative regulator of DC maturation, C/EBPβ-/- bone marrow-derived DCs matured much faster enabling them to activate and polarize T cells stronger. In contrast to a homeostatic condition, lymphoma-exposed DCs exhibited an up-regulation of the E2F transcriptional pathways and an impaired maturation. Pharmacological blockade of C/EBPβ/mTOR signaling in human DCs abrogated their protumorigenic function in primary B cell lymphoma cocultures. Thus, C/EBPβ plays a unique role in DC maturation and immunostimulatory functionality and emerges as a key factor of the tumor microenvironment that promotes lymphomagenesis.
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Yokoro M, Nakayama Y, Yamagishi SI, Ando R, Sugiyama M, Ito S, Yano J, Taguchi K, Kaida Y, Saigusa D, Kimoto M, Abe T, Ueda S, Fukami K. Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Contributes to the Impaired Response to Erythropoietin in CKD-Anemia. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2670-2680. [PMID: 28600471 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016111184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin-resistant anemia is associated with adverse cardiovascular events in patients with ESRD, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the role of the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). In 54 patients with advanced CKD, erythrocyte but not plasma ADMA levels independently associated with low hemoglobin values, although levels of both types of ADMA were elevated compared with those in healthy volunteers. Furthermore, erythrocyte ADMA level associated with the erythropoietin resistance index in patients receiving a weekly injected dose of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents standardized for hemoglobin levels and body weight, whereas it correlated with the erythropoietin demand index (plasma erythropoietin units divided by the hemoglobin value) in patients not receiving erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. Compared with sham-operated controls, wild-type mice with 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy (Nx), a remnant kidney model with advanced CKD, had decreased hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular volume values but increased erythrocyte and plasma ADMA and plasma erythropoietin levels. In comparison, dimethylarginine dimethlaminohydrolase-1 transgenic (DDAH-1 Tg) mice, which efficiently metabolized ADMA, had significant improvements in all of the values except those for erythropoietin after 5/6 Nx. Additionally, wild-type Nx mice, but not DDAH-1 Tg Nx mice, had reduced splenic gene expression of erythropoietin receptor and erythroferrone, which regulates iron metabolism in response to erythropoietin. This study suggests that erythrocyte ADMA accumulation contributes to impaired response to erythropoietin in predialysis patients and advanced CKD mice via suppression of erythropoietin receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Yokoro
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Sho-Ichi Yamagishi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Ando
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Sakuya Ito
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Junko Yano
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Yusuke Kaida
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masumi Kimoto
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Soja, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takaaki Abe
- Department of Clinical Biology and Hormonal Regulation, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; and
| | - Seiji Ueda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Fukami
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and
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Ghiamati E, Boroujerdi R. Cd-Cysteine Nanorods as a Fluorescence Sensor for Determination of Fe (III) in Real Samples. J Fluoresc 2015; 26:135-47. [PMID: 26518579 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-015-1693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A new Cd-Cysteine complex nanorods (Cd-Cys NRs) were synthesized in one step at room temperature, and its morphology, structure and spectral properties were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), elemental analysis (EA), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), solid state and normal UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and spectrofluorometry. The developed Cd-Cys NRs were used as a fluorescence sensor for detection of Fe (III) in different aqueous matrices. The selectivity and sensitivity of the fabricated nano-sensor based on its fluorescence quenching in the presence of Fe (III) were probed according to the Stern-Volmer equation. The detection limit of the method was in micro-molar per liter range. Cd-Cys NRs response tested in different complex samples such as Rosemary plant leaves, exhibited a well-defined response. Anticoagulation measurements were performed to evaluate their blood biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Ghiamati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Ramin Boroujerdi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
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Reuben A, Phénix M, Santos MM, Lapointe R. The WT hemochromatosis protein HFE inhibits CD8⁺ T-lymphocyte activation. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:1604-14. [PMID: 24643698 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
MHC class I (MHC I) antigen presentation is a ubiquitous process by which cells present endogenous proteins to CD8(+) T lymphocytes during immune surveillance and response. Hereditary hemochromatosis protein, HFE, is involved in cellular iron uptake but, while structurally homologous to MHC I, is unable to bind peptides. However, increasing evidence suggests a role for HFE in the immune system. Here, we investigated the impact of HFE on CD8(+) T-lymphocyte activation. Using transient HFE transfection assays in a model of APCs, we show that WT HFE (HFEWT ), but not C282Y-mutated HFE, inhibits secretion of MIP-1β from antigen-specific CD8(+) T lymphocytes. HFEWT expression also resulted in major decreases in CD8(+) T-lymphocyte activation as measured by 4-1BB expression. We further demonstrate that inhibition of CD8(+) T-lymphocyte activation was independent of MHC I surface levels, β2-m competition, HFE interaction with transferrin receptor, antigen origin, or epitope affinity. Finally, we identified the α1-2 domains of HFEWT as being responsible for inhibiting CD8(+) T-lymphocyte activation. Our data imply a new role for HFEWT in altering CD8(+) T-lymphocyte reactivity, which could modulate antigen immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Reuben
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Iron acquisition by Mycobacterium tuberculosis residing within myeloid dendritic cells. Microb Pathog 2013; 65:21-8. [PMID: 24067451 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection is linked to the ability of the organism to grow within macrophages. Lung myeloid dendritic cells are a newly recognized reservoir of M.tb during infection. Iron (Fe) acquisition is critical for M.tb growth. In vivo, extracellular Fe is chelated to transferrin (TF) and lactoferrin (LF). We previously reported that M.tb replicating in human monocyte-dervied macrophages (MDM) can acquire Fe bound to TF, LF, and citrate, as well as from the MDM cytoplasm. Access of M.tb to Fe may influence its growth in macrophages and dendritic cells. In the present work we confirmed the ability of different strains of M.tb to grow in human myeloid dendritic cells in vitro. Fe acquired by M.tb replicating within dendritic cells from externally added Fe chelates varied with the Fe chelate present in the external media: Fe-citrate > Fe-LF > Fe-TF. Fe acquisition rates from each chelate did not vary over 7 days. M.tb within dendritic cells also acquired Fe from the dendritic cell cytoplasm, with the efficiency of Fe acquisition greater from cytoplasmic Fe sources, regardless of the initial Fe chelate from which that cytoplasmic Fe was derived. Growth and Fe acquisition results with human MDM were similar to those with dendritic cells. M.tb grow and replicate within myeloid dendritic cells in vitro. Fe metabolism of M.tb growing in either MDM or dendritic cells in vitro is influenced by the nature of Fe available and the organism appears to preferentially access cytoplasmic rather than extracellular Fe sources. Whether these in vitro data extend to in vivo conditions should be examined in future studies.
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Sow FB, Nandakumar S, Velu V, Kellar KL, Schlesinger LS, Amara RR, Lafuse WP, Shinnick TM, Sable SB. Mycobacterium tuberculosis components stimulate production of the antimicrobial peptide hepcidin. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2011; 91:314-21. [PMID: 21482189 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the in vitro production of the antimicrobial peptide hepcidin by cells of the innate immune system that harbor Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Stimulation of mouse lung macrophages with M. tuberculosis or IFN-γ + M. tuberculosis induced hepcidin mRNA. In human alveolar A549 epithelial cells, lipoglycans of M. tuberculosis, in particular mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan and phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosides, were strong inducers of hepcidin mRNA. In mouse dendritic cells, hepcidin mRNA was increased by subcellular fractions and culture filtrate proteins of M. tuberculosis and by TLR2 and TLR4 agonists, but not by TLR9 agonists, IL-1α, IL-6 or TNF-α. Flow cytometry evaluation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells demonstrated that CD11c(+) myeloid dendritic cells stimulated with killed M. tuberculosis or live M. bovis BCG produced hepcidin. The production of the antimicrobial peptide hepcidin by cells that interact with M. tuberculosis suggests a host defense mechanism against mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatoumata B Sow
- Division of TB Elimination, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA 30333, USA.
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Mortellaro A, Robinson L, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P. Spotlight on Mycobacteria and dendritic cells: will novel targets to fight tuberculosis emerge? EMBO Mol Med 2010; 1:19-29. [PMID: 20049700 PMCID: PMC3378112 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.200900008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over thousands of years microbes and mammals have co-evolved, resulting in extraordinarily sophisticated molecular mechanisms permitting the organisms to survive together. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the best examples of successful co-evolution, since the bacilli have infected one third of the human population, but in 90% of the cases without causing overt disease. Despite this, increasing incidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and the emergence of drug-resistant strains means that tuberculosis is in fact an extremely serious emerging threat to global health. Decades of work have focused on the interaction of this pathogen with its established cellular host, the macrophage, but still novel therapeautics remain elusive. While the macrophage is clearly important, recent evidence suggests that understanding the role of dendritic cells, which are key regulators of immunity, may be a crucial step in identifying new means of controlling this disease. Novel technologies, in particular genome-wide transcriptome analyses, are advancing our ability to dissect the complex dynamic relationships between dendritic cells and mycobacteria, highlighting new areas for study that have not been previously explored.
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Yu Y, Kalinowski DS, Kovacevic Z, Siafakas AR, Jansson PJ, Stefani C, Lovejoy DB, Sharpe PC, Bernhardt PV, Richardson DR. Thiosemicarbazones from the old to new: iron chelators that are more than just ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2009; 52:5271-94. [PMID: 19601577 DOI: 10.1021/jm900552r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yu
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Dihydroartemisinin induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells HL60 via downregulation of transferrin receptor expression. Anticancer Drugs 2008; 19:247-55. [PMID: 18510170 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3282f3f152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a water-soluble active metabolite of artemisinin derivatives, is the safest and most effective antimalarial analog of artemisinin. In the present investigation, we assessed the apoptotic effect of DHA on leukemia HL60 cells and its regulation of transferrin receptor (TfR). Cell growth inhibition was assessed by Trypan blue exclusive staining; the expression of caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax in HL60 cells was evaluated by Western blotting; DHA-induced apoptosis was determined by AO/EB double staining, DNA fragmentation assay, and flow cytometric analysis; the expression of TfR in HL60 cells was examined by real-time PCR assays, Western blotting, and flow cytometric analysis. DHA could specifically reduce the mRNA and protein expression of TfR in HL60 cells, and the flow cytometric analysis presented the unity tendency that the TfR content decreased progressively in a dose-dependent manner. Consequently, DHA exhibited high anticancer activity in HL60 cells; MTT assay and growth inhibition assay showed that DHA could specifically inhibit the growth of HL60 cells in a dose-dependent (0.25-8 micromol/l) and time-dependent (12-72 h) manner. DHA-induced DNA fragmentation also induced the activation of caspase-3 and influenced the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. Taken together, these data from our study show that DHA can induce HL60 cell apoptosis via the effect of downregulation TfR expression resulting in an induction of apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, and it might be a potential antileukemia strategy for leukemia therapy.
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Abstract
Progress in the characterization of genes involved in the control of iron homeostasis in humans and in mice has improved the definition of iron overload and of the cells affected by it. The cell involved in iron overload with the greatest effect on immunity is the macrophage. Intriguing evidence has emerged, however, in the last 12 years indicating that parenchymal iron overload is linked to genes classically associated with the immune system. This review offers an update of the genes and proteins relevant to iron metabolism expressed in cells of the innate immune system, and addresses the question of how this system is affected in clinical situations of iron overload. The relationship between iron and the major cells of adaptive immunity, the T lymphocytes, will also be reviewed. Most studies addressing this last question in humans were performed in the clinical model of Hereditary Hemochromatosis. Data will also be reviewed demonstrating how the disruption of molecules essentially involved in adaptive immune responses result in the spontaneous development of iron overload and how they act as modifiers of iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graça Porto
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 8234150, Portugal.
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