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Stępniak J, Karbownik-Lewińska M. Protective Effects of Melatonin against Carcinogen-Induced Oxidative Damage in the Thyroid. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1646. [PMID: 38730600 PMCID: PMC11083294 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, primarily synthesized in the pineal gland, plays a crucial role in regulating circadian rhythms and possesses significant antioxidative properties. By neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress, melatonin emerges as a promising agent for the prevention and therapy of many different disorders, including cancer. This paper reviews the relationship between the thyroid gland and melatonin, presenting experimental evidence on the protective effects of this indoleamine against oxidative damage to macromolecules in thyroid tissue caused by documented carcinogens (as classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC) or caused by potential carcinogens. Furthermore, the possible influence on cancer therapy in humans and the overall well-being of cancer patients are discussed. The article highlights melatonin's essential role in maintaining thyroid health and its contribution to management strategies in patients with thyroid cancer and other thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stępniak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Rzgowska St. 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Rzgowska St. 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Rzgowska St. 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
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Ali M, Aziz T. The Combination of Zinc and Melatonin Enhanced Neuroprotection and Attenuated Neuropathy in Oxaliplatin-Induced Neurotoxicity. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:3447-3463. [PMID: 36217449 PMCID: PMC9547652 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s385914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study was designed to investigate the possible synergistic effects of melatonin with zinc in the prevention and treatment of oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Methodology Forty-eight male Wistar albino rats were used and randomly allocated into six groups: The negative control group, oxaliplatin group, zinc + oxaliplatin group, melatonin + oxaliplatin group, zinc + melatonin + oxaliplatin prevention-approach group, and zinc + melatonin + oxaliplatin treatment-approach group. The thermal nociceptive/hyperalgesia tests were performed. Brain tissue homogenate was used for measuring GFAP, NCAM, TNF α, MAPK 14, NF-kB, GPX, and SOD. Brain tissue was sent for histopathological and immunohistochemistry studies. Results The combination therapies showed improvement in the behavioral tests. A significant increase in GPX and SOD with a significant decrease in GFAP levels resulted in the prevention approach. TNF α decreased significantly in the treatment approach. No significant changes were seen in NCAM, NFkB, and MAPK-14. The histopathological findings support the biochemical results. Additionally, immunohistochemistry revealed a significant attenuation of p53 and a non-significant decrease in Bcl2 levels in the combination groups. Conclusion The combination of zinc with melatonin for the prevention approach was effective in attenuating neurotoxicity induced by oxaliplatin. The proposed mechanisms are boosting the antioxidant system and attenuating the expression of p53, GFAP, and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayyadah Ali
- Hiwa Cancer Hospital, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Tavga Aziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq,Correspondence: Tavga Aziz, Tel +9647701523544, Email
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Albuquerque YMLD, Silva WED, Souza FDAL, Teixeira VW, Teixeira ÁAC. Melatonin on hypothyroidism and gonadal development in rats: a review. JBRA Assist Reprod 2020; 24:498-506. [PMID: 32945645 PMCID: PMC7558891 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20200053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the evidence in research on the effects of melatonin on hypothyroidism and gonadal development. According to the World Health Organization, thyroid disorders due to iodine deficiency affect about 740 million people worldwide. Hypothyroidism is a thyroid dysfunction characterized by hypometabolism of the gland, with reduced or physiologically normal T3 and T4 serum levels, and high TSH level. This disorder occurs mainly in adult women in the reproductive phase, with a prevalence of 2% among the world's female population, with profound repercussions on gestation and fetal formation. During the gestational period, the thyroid is initially stimulated by high concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin; thus, maintaining maternal euthyroidism during pregnancy and lactation is fundamental for fetal growth and development. Besides, the hormones produced by this gland are involved in the formation of various organs, such as the skin, brain and gonads. Hypothyroidism is associated with several menstrual abnormalities, anovulation and hyperprolactinemia, resulting in a high rate of abortions, premature births, placental rupture, and weight-related neonatal deficits. In addition, there are studies showing that hypothyroidism can affect ovarian morphology (number of ovarian follicles) and testicular morphology (changes in the testicular-lumen epithelium). Melatonin is a hormone known to modulate the estrous cycle and pregnancy, and studies show that the exogenous application of melatonin increased T4 levels in female rats and controlled the decrease in T3 serum levels, reverting the sigs of hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Welma Emídio da Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco- PE, Brazil
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Saha I, Chakraborty SB, Chatterjee A, Pradhan D, Chatterji U, Maiti BR. Arecoline inhibits pineal-testis function in experimentally induced hypothyroid rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 126:7-16. [PMID: 30145920 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1486428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Arecoline is known to cause endocrine dysfunction. In the current article role of arecoline on pineal-testis activity was investigated in hypothyroid rats induced by propylthiouracil (PTU). PTU treatment caused thyroid dysfunction ultrastructurally with a fall in T3 and T4 levels followed by a rise of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level. Pineal activity was impaired by PTU treatment, as evident from degenerated synaptic ribbons and mitochondria of the pinealocytes with depletion of pineal and serum N-acetyl serotonin and melatonin levels. Leydig cell function was suppressed, evident from reduced smooth endoplasmic reticulum and depletion of testosterone level. Sex accessories function was impaired by showing scanty rough endoplasmic reticulum with depletion of fructose and sialic acid levels. Arecoline treatment that caused pineal dysfunction and testicular stimulation in control rats, suppressed both pineal and testis functions after PTU treatment. The findings suggest that arecoline inhibits pineal-testis function in experimentally induced hypothyroid rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indraneel Saha
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Calcutta, India
| | | | | | | | - Urmi Chatterji
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Calcutta, India
| | - B R Maiti
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Calcutta, India
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Paulazo MA, Klecha AJ, Sterle HA, Valli E, Torti H, Cayrol F, Barreiro Arcos ML, Cremaschi GA. Hypothyroidism-related zinc deficiency leads to suppression of T lymphocyte activity. Endocrine 2019; 66:266-277. [PMID: 31056723 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01936-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypothyroidism has been shown to induce immunosuppression and both the thyroid status and immunity are affected by zinc deficiency. However, the impact of hypothyroidism on zinc metabolism and its possible relationship with the immune status has not yet been deeply explored. Here, our aim was to study whether hypothyroidism may alter zinc metabolism and thus lead to the impairment of T lymphocyte activity. METHODS Variations in the distribution of zinc in the body were evaluated in PTU-treated hypothyroid mice. The effects of hypothyroidism and zinc deficiency were studied on T lymphocyte proliferation after stimulation both in vitro and in vivo. For in vitro assays, thyroid hormone-free or zinc chelator (TPEN or DTPA)-supplemented media were used. For in vivo assays, lymphocyte activity was evaluated in cells from hypothyroid, T3-treated, and zinc-supplemented mice. RESULTS Hypothyroid mice showed lower levels of zinc in femur and lymph nodes than controls. T3 and zinc supplementation reversed these effects. In vitro, both thyroid hormone and zinc deficiency led to a decreased response to mitogen stimulation. However, only zinc deficiency was able to induce lymphocyte apoptosis. Mitogen-stimulated T cells from hypothyroid mice showed impaired proliferation, accompanied by decreased activation of PKC and lower levels of p-ERK, effects that were reversed by T3 replacement or zinc supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Our results show an important role of zinc deficiency in hypothyroid-mediated T-cell suppression and suggest the importance of evaluating zinc levels and restoring them when necessary to maintain an efficient immune response in hypothyroid patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alejandra Paulazo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso (1107 AAZ), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Juana Klecha
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso (1107 AAZ), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Física, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Helena Andrea Sterle
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso (1107 AAZ), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Valli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso (1107 AAZ), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Horacio Torti
- Cátedra de Física, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Cayrol
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso (1107 AAZ), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura Barreiro Arcos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso (1107 AAZ), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela Alicia Cremaschi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso (1107 AAZ), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Cátedra de Física, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Baltaci AK, Mogulkoc R. Leptin, NPY, Melatonin and Zinc Levels in Experimental Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism: The Relation to Zinc. Biochem Genet 2017; 55:223-233. [PMID: 28097455 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-017-9791-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Since zinc mediates the effects of many hormones or is found in the structure of numerous hormone receptors, zinc deficiency leads to various functional impairments in the hormone balance. And also thyroid hormones have important activity on metabolism and feeding. NPY and leptin are affective on food intake and regulation of appetite. The present study is conducted to determine how zinc supplementation and deficiency affect thyroid hormones (free and total T3 and T4), melatonin, leptin, and NPY levels in thyroid dysfunction in rats. The experiment groups in the study were formed as follows: Control (C); Hypothyroidism (PTU); Hypothyroidism+Zinc (PTU+Zn); Hypothyroidism+Zinc deficient; Hyperthyroidism (H); Hyperthyroidism+Zinc (H+Zn); and Hyperthyroidism+Zinc deficient. Thyroid hormone parameters (FT3, FT4, TT3, and TT4) were found to be reduced in hypothyroidism groups and elevated in the hyperthyroidism groups. Melatonin values increased in hyperthyroidism and decreased in hypothyroidism. Leptin and NPY levels both increased in hypo- and hyperthyroidism. Zinc levels, on the other hand, decreased in hypothyroidism and increased in hyperthyroidism. Zinc supplementation, particularly when thyroid function is impaired, has been demonstrated to markedly prevent these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Medical School, Department of Physiology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
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REMODELING OF THE BONE TISSUE OF RATS OF DIFFERENT LINES AFTER MELATONIN EFFECT. EUREKA: LIFE SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5695.2016.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The markers of remodeling of bone tissue (BT) were studied after the impact of pharmacologic dose of melatonin (5 mg/kg of the animal body weight) during 28 days for 3-months rats-males of Wistar and SHR lines. The studies were carried out in autumn.
The aim of our work was to study the indices of bone tissue remodeling of rats of Wistar and SHR lines after introduction of pharmacologic dose of exogenous melatonin.
Biochemical and immune-enzyme methods of analysis were used in the study. In rats of Wistar line was revealed a reliable increase of activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by 43,9% (Р<0,05), hyaluronidase activity (HA) by 15,4% and free thyroxin concentration (fТ4) by 30%. There was also registered the decrease of pyridinoline (PYD) concentration by 48% and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) by 46,7%. In rats of SHR line under the same conditions the results essentially differed. The activity of acid phosphatase (ACP) has a tendency to increase by 11,6%, and PYD concentration decreased by 25%. The concentrations of free triiodothyronine (fТ3) and fТ4 reliably increased by 51,3% and 31,1% respectively.
In the result of research we revealed that melatonin plays the main role among several main factors of regulation of bone tissue remodeling. It has stimulating influence on bone tissue and hormones of thyroid gland.
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Peuhkuri K, Sihvola N, Korpela R. Dietary factors and fluctuating levels of melatonin. Food Nutr Res 2012; 56:17252. [PMID: 22826693 PMCID: PMC3402070 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v56i0.17252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is secreted principally by the pineal gland and mainly at nighttime. The primary physiological function is to convey information of the daily cycle of light and darkness to the body. In addition, it may have other health-related functions. Melatonin is synthesized from tryptophan, an essential dietary amino acid. It has been demonstrated that some nutritional factors, such as intake of vegetables, caffeine, and some vitamins and minerals, could modify melatonin production but with less intensity than light, the most dominant synchronizer of melatonin production. This review will focus on the nutritional factors apart from the intake of tryptophan that affect melatonin levels in humans. Overall, foods containing melatonin or promoting the synthesis of it by impacting the availability of tryptophan, as well those containing vitamins and minerals which are needed as co-factors and activators in the synthesis of melatonin, may modulate the levels of melatonin. Even so, the influence of daytime diet on the synthesis of nocturnal melatonin is limited, however, the influence of the diet seems to be more obvious on the daytime levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katri Peuhkuri
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Medical Nutrition Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Effects of Thyroid Hormone on the Adaptation in Short Bowel Syndrome. J Surg Res 2009; 155:116-24. [PMID: 19111325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2008] [Revised: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
To develop a minimally invasive preventive measure for early osteoarthritis, the effect of melatonin on cartilage matrix synthesis of articular chondrocytes was evaluated in vitro in a pellet culture system. The chondrogenic markers were assessed using histology, TaqMan polymerase chain reaction, and western blot. Our results show that melatonin treatment yielded chondrocyte-pellets with a higher expression of chondrogenic markers consisting of collagen II, Sox 9, and aggrecan at both the mRNA and protein levels. A hypertrophic marker, collagen X, remained low. Moreover, up-regulation of internal transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) expression was observed in the melatonin-treated cells. Our data indicate, for the first time, that the administration of melatonin enhances cartilage matrix synthesis of articular chondrocytes in a serum-containing pellet culture system, likely through the TGF-beta signal pathway. Melatonin may prove to be a highly valuable addition to current therapeutic models for degenerative cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Pei
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA.
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