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Paulazo MA, Klecha AJ, Sterle HA, Valli E, Torti H, Cayrol F, Arcos MLB, Cremaschi GA. Retraction Note: Hypothyroidism-related zinc deficiency leads to suppression of T lymphocyte activity. Endocrine 2023:10.1007/s12020-023-03557-7. [PMID: 37815747 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03557-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Alejandra Paulazo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso (1107 AAZ), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Juana Klecha
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso (1107 AAZ), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Física, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Helena Andrea Sterle
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso (1107 AAZ), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Valli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso (1107 AAZ), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Horacio Torti
- Cátedra de Física, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Cayrol
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso (1107 AAZ), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura Barreiro Arcos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso (1107 AAZ), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela Alicia Cremaschi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso (1107 AAZ), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Cátedra de Física, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Sterle HA, Hildebrandt X, Valenzuela Álvarez M, Paulazo MA, Gutierrez LM, Klecha AJ, Cayrol F, Díaz Flaqué MC, Rosemblit C, Barreiro Arcos ML, Colombo L, Bolontrade MF, Medina VA, Cremaschi GA. Thyroid status regulates the tumor microenvironment delineating breast cancer fate. Endocr Relat Cancer 2021; 28:403-418. [PMID: 33908371 DOI: 10.1530/erc-20-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The patient's hormonal context plays a crucial role in the outcome of cancer. However, the association between thyroid disease and breast cancer risk remains unclear. We evaluated the effect of thyroid status on breast cancer growth and dissemination in an immunocompetent mouse model. For this, hyperthyroid and hypothyroid Balb/c mice were orthotopically inoculated with triple-negative breast cancer 4T1 cells. Tumors from hyperthyroid mice showed an increased growth rate and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, characterized by increased IL-10 levels and decreased percentage of activated cytotoxic T cells. On the other hand, delayed tumor growth in hypothyroid animals was associated with increased tumor infiltration of activated CD8+ cells and a high IFNγ/IL-10 ratio. Paradoxically, hypothyroid mice developed a higher number of lung metastasis than hyperthyroid animals. This was related to an increased secretion of tumor CCL2 and an immunosuppressive systemic environment, with increased proportion of regulatory T cells and IL-10 levels in spleens. A lower number of lung metastasis in hyperthyroid mice was related to the reduced presence of mesenchymal stem cells in tumors and metastatic sites. These animals also exhibited decreased percentages of regulatory T lymphocytes and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in spleens but increased activated CD8+ cells and the IFNγ/IL-10 ratio. Therefore, thyroid hormones modulate the cellular and cytokine content of the breast tumor microenvironment. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in these effects could be a starting point for the discovery of new therapeutic targets for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Andrea Sterle
- Neuroimmunomodulation and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ximena Hildebrandt
- Neuroimmunomodulation and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías Valenzuela Álvarez
- Remodeling Processes and Cellular Niches Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biomedical Engineering (IMTIB), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires and the University Institute of the Italian Hospital (IUHI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Alejandra Paulazo
- Neuroimmunomodulation and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Mariel Gutierrez
- Remodeling Processes and Cellular Niches Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biomedical Engineering (IMTIB), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires and the University Institute of the Italian Hospital (IUHI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Juana Klecha
- Neuroimmunomodulation and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Cayrol
- Neuroimmunomodulation and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Celeste Díaz Flaqué
- Neuroimmunomodulation and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cinthia Rosemblit
- Neuroimmunomodulation and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura Barreiro Arcos
- Neuroimmunomodulation and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Colombo
- Immunobiology Department, Investigation Area, Institute of Oncology Angel H. Roffo, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Fabiana Bolontrade
- Remodeling Processes and Cellular Niches Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biomedical Engineering (IMTIB), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires and the University Institute of the Italian Hospital (IUHI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanina Araceli Medina
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Inflammation, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela Alicia Cremaschi
- Neuroimmunomodulation and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Paulazo MA, Klecha AJ, Sterle HA, Valli E, Torti H, Cayrol F, Barreiro Arcos ML, Cremaschi GA. Hypothyroidism-related zinc deficiency leads to suppression of T lymphocyte activity. Endocrine 2019; 66:266-277. [PMID: 31056723 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01936-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypothyroidism has been shown to induce immunosuppression and both the thyroid status and immunity are affected by zinc deficiency. However, the impact of hypothyroidism on zinc metabolism and its possible relationship with the immune status has not yet been deeply explored. Here, our aim was to study whether hypothyroidism may alter zinc metabolism and thus lead to the impairment of T lymphocyte activity. METHODS Variations in the distribution of zinc in the body were evaluated in PTU-treated hypothyroid mice. The effects of hypothyroidism and zinc deficiency were studied on T lymphocyte proliferation after stimulation both in vitro and in vivo. For in vitro assays, thyroid hormone-free or zinc chelator (TPEN or DTPA)-supplemented media were used. For in vivo assays, lymphocyte activity was evaluated in cells from hypothyroid, T3-treated, and zinc-supplemented mice. RESULTS Hypothyroid mice showed lower levels of zinc in femur and lymph nodes than controls. T3 and zinc supplementation reversed these effects. In vitro, both thyroid hormone and zinc deficiency led to a decreased response to mitogen stimulation. However, only zinc deficiency was able to induce lymphocyte apoptosis. Mitogen-stimulated T cells from hypothyroid mice showed impaired proliferation, accompanied by decreased activation of PKC and lower levels of p-ERK, effects that were reversed by T3 replacement or zinc supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Our results show an important role of zinc deficiency in hypothyroid-mediated T-cell suppression and suggest the importance of evaluating zinc levels and restoring them when necessary to maintain an efficient immune response in hypothyroid patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alejandra Paulazo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso (1107 AAZ), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Juana Klecha
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso (1107 AAZ), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Física, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Helena Andrea Sterle
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso (1107 AAZ), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Valli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso (1107 AAZ), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Horacio Torti
- Cátedra de Física, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Cayrol
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso (1107 AAZ), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura Barreiro Arcos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso (1107 AAZ), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela Alicia Cremaschi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso (1107 AAZ), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Cátedra de Física, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Díaz Flaqué MC, Cayrol MF, Sterle HA, Del Rosario Aschero M, Díaz Albuja JA, Isse B, Farías RN, Cerchietti L, Rosemblit C, Cremaschi GA. Thyroid hormones induce doxorubicin chemosensitivity through enzymes involved in chemotherapy metabolism in lymphoma T cells. Oncotarget 2019; 10:3051-3065. [PMID: 31105885 PMCID: PMC6508960 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) – 3,3′,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) and L-thyroxine (T4) – are important regulators of the metabolism and physiology of most normal tissues. Cytochrome P450 family 3A members are drug metabolizing enzymes involved in the activation and detoxification of several drugs. CYP3A4 is the major enzyme involved in the metabolism of chemotherapeutic drugs. In this work, we demonstrate that THs induce a significant increase in CYP3A4 mRNA levels, protein expression and metabolic activity through the membrane receptor integrin αvβ3 and the activation of signalling pathways through Stat1 and NF-κB. We reasoned that TH-induced CYP3A4 modulation may act as an important regulator in the metabolism of doxorubicin (Doxo). Experiments in vitro demonstrated that in CYP3A4-knocked down cells, no TH-mediated chemosensitivity to Doxo was observed. We also found that THs modulate these functions by activating the membrane receptor integrin αvβ3. In addition, we showed that the thyroid status can modulate CYP450 mRNA levels in tumor and liver tissues, and the tumor volume in response to chemotherapy in vivo. In fact, Doxo treatment in hypothyroid mice was associated with lower tumors, displaying lower levels of CYP enzymes, than euthyroid mice. However, higher mRNA levels of CYP enzymes were found in livers from Doxo treated hypothyroid mice respect to control. These results present a new mechanism by which TH could modulate chemotherapy response. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating thyroid status in patients during application of T-cell lymphoma therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Celeste Díaz Flaqué
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Florencia Cayrol
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Helena Andrea Sterle
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Del Rosario Aschero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Johanna Abigail Díaz Albuja
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Blanca Isse
- Departmento de Bioquimica Nutricional, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Instituto de Quimica Biologica "Dr Bernabe Bloj", San Miguel de Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Norberto Farías
- Departmento de Bioquimica Nutricional, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Instituto de Quimica Biologica "Dr Bernabe Bloj", San Miguel de Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Leandro Cerchietti
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cinthia Rosemblit
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela Alicia Cremaschi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Di Rosso ME, Sterle HA, Cremaschi GA, Genaro AM. Beneficial Effect of Fluoxetine and Sertraline on Chronic Stress-Induced Tumor Growth and Cell Dissemination in a Mouse Model of Lymphoma: Crucial Role of Antitumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1341. [PMID: 29971064 PMCID: PMC6018164 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical data and experimental studies have suggested a relationship between psychosocial factors and cancer prognosis. Both, stress effects on the immune system and on tumor biology were analyzed independently. However, there are few studies regarding the stress influence on the interplay between the immune system and tumor biology. Moreover, antidepressants have been used in patients with cancer to alleviate mood disorders. Nevertheless, there is contradictory evidence about their action on cancer prognosis. In this context, we investigated the effect of chronic stress on tumor progression taking into account both its influence on the immune system and on tumor biology. Furthermore, we analyzed the action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, fluoxetine and sertraline, in these effects. For this purpose, C57BL/6J mice submitted or not to a chronic stress model and treated or not with fluoxetine or sertraline were subcutaneously inoculated with EL4 cells to develop solid tumors. Our results indicated that chronic stress leads to an increase in both tumor growth and tumor cell dissemination. The analysis of cell cycle regulatory proteins showed that stress induced an increase in the mRNA levels of cyclins A2, D1, and D3 and a decrease in mRNA levels of cell cycle inhibitors p15, p16, p21, p27, stimulating cell cycle progression. Moreover, an augment of mRNA levels of metalloproteases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), a decrease of inhibitors of metalloproteases mRNA levels (TIMP 1, 2, and 3), and an increase in migration ability were found in tumors from stressed animals. In addition, a significant decrease of antitumor immune response in animals under stress was found. Adoptive lymphoid cell transfer experiments indicated that the reduced immune response in stressed animals influenced both the tumor growth and the metastatic capacity of tumor cells. Finally, we found an important beneficious effect of fluoxetine or sertraline treatment on cancer progression. Our results emphasize the crucial role of the immune system in tumor progression under stress situations. Although a direct effect of stress and drug treatment on tumor biology could not be ruled out, the beneficial effect of fluoxetine and sertraline appears to be mainly due to a restoration of antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Emilia Di Rosso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Helena Andrea Sterle
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela Alicia Cremaschi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana María Genaro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sterle HA, Barreiro Arcos ML, Valli E, Paulazo MA, Méndez Huergo SP, Blidner AG, Cayrol F, Díaz Flaqué MC, Klecha AJ, Medina VA, Colombo L, Rabinovich GA, Cremaschi GA. The thyroid status reprograms T cell lymphoma growth and modulates immune cell frequencies. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 94:417-29. [PMID: 26564151 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In spite of considerable evidence on the regulation of immunity by thyroid hormones, the impact of the thyroid status in tumor immunity is poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the antitumor immune responses evoked in mice with different thyroid status (euthyroid, hyperthyroid, and hypothyroid) that developed solid tumors or metastases after inoculation of syngeneic T lymphoma cells. Hyperthyroid mice showed increased tumor growth along with increased expression of cell cycle regulators compared to hypothyroid and control tumor-bearing mice. However, hypothyroid mice showed a higher frequency of metastases than the other groups. Hyperthyroid mice bearing tumors displayed a lower number of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes, lower percentage of functional IFN-γ-producing CD8(+) T cells, and higher percentage of CD19(+) B cells than euthyroid tumor-bearing mice. However, no differences were found in the distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations in tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) or spleens among different experimental groups. Interestingly, hypothyroid TDLN showed an increased percentage of regulatory T (Treg) cells, while hyperthyroid mice displayed increased number and activity of splenic NK cells, which frequency declined in spleens from hypothyroid mice. Moreover, a decreased number of splenic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were found in tumor-bearing hyperthyroid mice as compared to hypothyroid or euthyroid mice. Additionally, hyperthyroid mice showed increased cytotoxic activity, which declined in hypothyroid mice. Thus, low levels of intratumoral cytotoxic activity would favor tumor local growth in hyperthyroid mice, while regional and systemic antitumor response may contribute to tumor dissemination in hypothyroid animals. Our results highlight the importance of monitoring the thyroid status in patients with T cell lymphomas. KEY MESSAGES T cell lymphoma phenotype is paradoxically influenced by thyroid status. Hyperthyroidism favors tumor growth and hypothyroidism rises tumor dissemination. Thyroid status affects the distribution of immune cell types in the tumor milieu. Thyroid status also modifies the nature of local and systemic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Sterle
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M L Barreiro Arcos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Valli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M A Paulazo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S P Méndez Huergo
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A G Blidner
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Cayrol
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M C Díaz Flaqué
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A J Klecha
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica (FFyB), UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V A Medina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica (FFyB), UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Colombo
- Area de Investigación, Instituto de Oncología "Angel H. Roffo", UBA, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G A Rabinovich
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G A Cremaschi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica (FFyB), UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Sterle HA, Valli E, Cayrol F, Paulazo MA, Martinel Lamas DJ, Diaz Flaqué MC, Klecha AJ, Colombo L, Medina VA, Cremaschi GA, Barreiro Arcos ML. Thyroid status modulates T lymphoma growth via cell cycle regulatory proteins and angiogenesis. J Endocrinol 2014; 222:243-55. [PMID: 24928937 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We have shown in vitro that thyroid hormones (THs) regulate the balance between proliferation and apoptosis of T lymphoma cells. The effects of THs on tumor development have been studied, but the results are still controversial. Herein, we show the modulatory action of thyroid status on the in vivo growth of T lymphoma cells. For this purpose, euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid mice received inoculations of EL4 cells to allow the development of solid tumors. Tumors in the hyperthyroid animals exhibited a higher growth rate, as evidenced by the early appearance of palpable solid tumors and the increased tumor volume. These results are consistent with the rate of cell division determined by staining tumor cells with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester. Additionally, hyperthyroid mice exhibited reduced survival. Hypothyroid mice did not differ significantly from the euthyroid controls with respect to these parameters. Additionally, only tumors from hyperthyroid animals had increased expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and active caspase 3. Differential expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins was also observed. The levels of cyclins D1 and D3 were augmented in the tumors of the hyperthyroid animals, whereas the cell cycle inhibitors p16/INK4A (CDKN2A) and p27/Kip1 (CDKN1B) and the tumor suppressor p53 (TRP53) were increased in hypothyroid mice. Intratumoral and peritumoral vasculogenesis was increased only in hyperthyroid mice. Therefore, we propose that the thyroid status modulates the in vivo growth of EL4 T lymphoma through the regulation of cyclin, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, and tumor suppressor gene expression, as well as the stimulation of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Sterle
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. A. Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso, 1107AFF Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de RadioisótoposFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArea de InvestigaciónInstituto de Oncología 'Angel H. Roffo', Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Valli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. A. Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso, 1107AFF Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de RadioisótoposFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArea de InvestigaciónInstituto de Oncología 'Angel H. Roffo', Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Cayrol
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. A. Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso, 1107AFF Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de RadioisótoposFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArea de InvestigaciónInstituto de Oncología 'Angel H. Roffo', Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M A Paulazo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. A. Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso, 1107AFF Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de RadioisótoposFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArea de InvestigaciónInstituto de Oncología 'Angel H. Roffo', Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D J Martinel Lamas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. A. Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso, 1107AFF Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de RadioisótoposFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArea de InvestigaciónInstituto de Oncología 'Angel H. Roffo', Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M C Diaz Flaqué
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. A. Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso, 1107AFF Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de RadioisótoposFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArea de InvestigaciónInstituto de Oncología 'Angel H. Roffo', Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A J Klecha
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. A. Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso, 1107AFF Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de RadioisótoposFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArea de InvestigaciónInstituto de Oncología 'Angel H. Roffo', Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Colombo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. A. Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso, 1107AFF Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de RadioisótoposFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArea de InvestigaciónInstituto de Oncología 'Angel H. Roffo', Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V A Medina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. A. Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso, 1107AFF Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de RadioisótoposFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArea de InvestigaciónInstituto de Oncología 'Angel H. Roffo', Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G A Cremaschi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. A. Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso, 1107AFF Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de RadioisótoposFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArea de InvestigaciónInstituto de Oncología 'Angel H. Roffo', Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. A. Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso, 1107AFF Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de RadioisótoposFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArea de InvestigaciónInstituto de Oncología 'Angel H. Roffo', Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M L Barreiro Arcos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. A. Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso, 1107AFF Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de RadioisótoposFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArea de InvestigaciónInstituto de Oncología 'Angel H. Roffo', Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. A. Moreau de Justo 1600, 3er piso, 1107AFF Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de RadioisótoposFacultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaArea de InvestigaciónInstituto de Oncología 'Angel H. Roffo', Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química BiológicaFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Barreiro Arcos ML, Sterle HA, Vercelli C, Valli E, Cayrol MF, Klecha AJ, Paulazo MA, Diaz Flaqué MC, Franchi AM, Cremaschi GA. Induction of apoptosis in T lymphoma cells by long-term treatment with thyroxine involves PKCζ nitration by nitric oxide synthase. Apoptosis 2014; 18:1376-1390. [PMID: 23733107 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0869-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are important regulators of cell physiology, inducing cell proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis, depending on the cell type. Thyroid hormones induce proliferation in short-term T lymphocyte cultures. In this study, we assessed the effect of long-term thyroxine (T4) treatment on the balance of proliferation and apoptosis and the intermediate participants in T lymphoma cells. Treatment with T4 affected this balance from the fifth day of culture, inhibiting proliferation in a time-dependent manner. This effect was associated with apoptosis induction, as characterized through nuclear morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, and Annexin V-FITC/Propidium Iodide co-staining. In addition, increased iNOS gene and protein levels, and enzyme activity were observed. The generation of reactive oxygen species, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, and a reduction in glutathione levels were also observed. The imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants species is typically associated with the nitration of proteins, including PKCζ, an isoenzyme essential for lymphoma cell division and survival. Consistently, evidence of PKCζ nitration via proteasome degradation was also observed in this study. Taken together, these results suggest that the long-term culture of T lymphoma cells with T4 induces apoptosis through the increased production of oxidative species resulting from both augmented iNOS activity and the loss of mitochondrial function. These species induce the nitration of proteins involved in cell viability, promoting proteasome degradation. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of these results on the modulation of T lymphoma growth and the thyroid status in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Barreiro Arcos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), CONICET, Alicia M. de Justo 1600 3° piso, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H A Sterle
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), CONICET, Alicia M. de Justo 1600 3° piso, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Vercelli
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Valli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), CONICET, Alicia M. de Justo 1600 3° piso, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M F Cayrol
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), CONICET, Alicia M. de Justo 1600 3° piso, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A J Klecha
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), CONICET, Alicia M. de Justo 1600 3° piso, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M A Paulazo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), CONICET, Alicia M. de Justo 1600 3° piso, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M C Diaz Flaqué
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), CONICET, Alicia M. de Justo 1600 3° piso, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A M Franchi
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G A Cremaschi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), CONICET, Alicia M. de Justo 1600 3° piso, CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Lipszyc PS, Cremaschi GA, Zubilete MZ, Bertolino MLA, Capani F, Genaro AM, Wald MR. Niacin Modulates Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Secretion. A Potential Mechanism Involved in its Anti-atherosclerotic Effect. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2013; 7:90-8. [PMID: 24155799 PMCID: PMC3805984 DOI: 10.2174/1874192401307010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis includes the assignment of a critical role to cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage and to pro-inflammatory cytokines. Niacin is known to improve lipid metabolism and to produce beneficial modification of cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this work was to investigate if Niacin is able to modulate pro-inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages in a murine model of atherosclerosis. For this purpose C57Bl/6J mice fed with atherogenic diet (AGD) or with conventional chow diet were used. The AGD group showed an increase in body weight and in total plasma cholesterol, with no differences in triglyceride or HDL levels. Lesions in arterial walls were observed. The characterization of Niacin receptor showed an increase in the receptor number of macrophages from the AGD group. Macrophages from control and AGD animals treated in vitro with an inflammatory stimulus showed elevated levels of IL-6, IL-1 and TNF-α, that were even higher in macrophages from AGD mice. Niacin was able to decrease the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in stimulated macrophages. Similar effect of Niacin was observed in an in vivo model of inflammation. These results show an attenuating inflammatory mechanism for this therapeutic agent and would point out its potential action in plaque stabilization and in the prevention of atherosclerosis progression. Furthermore, the present results provide the basis for future studies on the potential contribution of Niacin to anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Saul Lipszyc
- Primera Cátedra de Farmacología, Departamento de Farmacología Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina
| | | | - María Zorrilla Zubilete
- Primera Cátedra de Farmacología, Departamento de Farmacología Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina
| | | | - Francisco Capani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas ININCA-CONICET–UBA, Argentina
| | - Ana Maria Genaro
- Primera Cátedra de Farmacología, Departamento de Farmacología Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)-CONICET-UBA, Argentina
| | - Miriam Ruth Wald
- Primera Cátedra de Farmacología, Departamento de Farmacología Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)-CONICET-UBA, Argentina
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Frick LR, Rapanelli M, Arcos MLB, Cremaschi GA, Genaro AM. Oral administration of fluoxetine alters the proliferation/apoptosis balance of lymphoma cells and up-regulates T cell immunity in tumor-bearing mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 659:265-72. [PMID: 21497159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressants have a controversial role with regard to their influence on cancer and immunity. Recently, we showed that fluoxetine administration induces an enhancement of the T-cell mediated immunity in naïve mice, resulting in the inhibition of tumor growth. Here we studied the effects of fluoxetine on lymphoma proliferation/apoptosis and immunity in tumor bearing-mice. We found an increase of apoptotic cells (active Caspase-3(+)) and a decrease of proliferative cells (PCNA(+)) in tumors growing in fluoxetine-treated animals. In addition, differential gene expressions of cell cycle and death markers were observed. Cyclins D3, E and B were reduced in tumors from animals treated with fluoxetine, whereas the tumor suppressor p53 and the cell cycle inhibitors p15/INK4B, p16/INK4A and p27/Kip1 were increased. Besides, the expression of the antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2 and the proapoptotic factor Bad were lower and higher respectively in these animals. These changes were accompanied by increased IFN-γ and TNF-α levels as well as augmented circulating CD8(+) T lymphocytes in tumor-bearing mice treated with the antidepressant. Therefore, we propose that the up-regulation of T-cell mediated antitumor immunity may be contributing to the alterations of tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis thus resulting in the inhibition of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Romina Frick
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 1° Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 Piso 15, Buenos Aires (1121), Argentina.
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Rubinstein MR, Cremaschi GA, Oliveri LM, Gerez EN, Wald MR, Genaro AM. Possible involvement of stress hormones and hyperglycaemia in chronic mild stress-induced impairment of immune functions in diabetic mice. Stress 2010; 13:384-91. [PMID: 20666647 DOI: 10.3109/10253891003667888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress, an important aspect of modern life, has long been associated with an altered homeostatic state. Little is known about the effect of the life stress on the outcome of diabetes mellitus, especially related to the higher risk of infections. Here, we evaluate the effects of chronic mild stress (CMS) exposure on the evolution of type I diabetes induced by streptozotocin administration in BALB/c mice. Exposure of diabetic mice to CMS resulted in a significant reduction of survival and a sustained increase in blood glucose values. Concerning the immune response, chronic stress had a differential effect in mice with diabetes with respect to controls, showing a marked decrease in both T- and B-cell proliferation. No correlation was found between splenic catecholamine or circulating corticosterone levels and the proliferative response. However, a significant negative correlation was found between glucose levels and concanavalin A- and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated proliferative responses of T and B cells. A positive correlation between blood glucose and splenic catecholamine concentrations was found in diabetic mice but not in controls subjected to CMS. Hence, the present report shows that diabetic mice show a worse performance in immune function after stress exposure, pointing to the importance of considering life stress as a risk factor for patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Rubinstein
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), 1era Cátedra de Farmacología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Piso 15, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Palumbo ML, Zorrilla Zubilete MA, Cremaschi GA, Genaro AM. Different effect of chronic stress on learning and memory in BALB/c and C57BL/6 inbred mice: Involvement of hippocampal NO production and PKC activity. Stress 2009; 12:350-61. [PMID: 19006005 DOI: 10.1080/10253890802506383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been involved in many pathophysiological brain processes. Recently, we showed that neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-mediated decrease in NO production is involved in memory impairment induced by chronic mild stress (CMS) in BALB/c mice. Two genetically different inbred murine strains, C57BL/6 and BALB/c, show distinct behavioral responses, neurodevelopmental and neurochemical parameters. Here, we perform a comparative study on CMS effects upon learning and memory in both strains, analyzing the role of NO production and its regulation by protein kinase C (PKC). Stressed BALB/c, but not C57Bl/6 mice, showed a poor learning performance in both the open field and passive avoidance inhibitory tasks. Also, CMS induced a diminished NO production by nNOS, associated with an increment in gamma and zeta PKC isoenzymes in BALB/c mice. In C57BL/6 mice, CMS had no effect on NO production, but increased delta and decreased betaI PKC isoforms. In vivo administration of a NOS inhibitor induced behavioral alterations in both strains. These results suggest a differential effect of stress, with BALB/c being more vulnerable to stress than C57BL/6 mice. This effect could be related to a differential regulation of NOS and PKC isoenzymes, pointing to an important role of NO in learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Palumbo
- CEFYBO-CONICET, 1a Cát de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Frick LR, Rapanelli M, Bussmann UA, Klecha AJ, Arcos MLB, Genaro AM, Cremaschi GA. Involvement of thyroid hormones in the alterations of T-cell immunity and tumor progression induced by chronic stress. Biol Psychiatry 2009; 65:935-42. [PMID: 19167703 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress alters the neuroendocrine system, immunity, and cancer. Although the classic stress hormones are glucocorticoids and catecholamines, thyroid hormones have also been related to stress. We recently reported that chronic restraint stress impairs T-cell mediated immunity and enhances tumor growth in mice. METHODS To study the participation of these hormones on the stress-induced alterations of the immune function and lymphoma growth, mice were subjected to acute or chronic stress, with or without thyroxin supplementation. Hormone levels, immune status, and cancer progression were evaluated. RESULTS Differential endocrine alterations were observed in response to acute and chronic stress. Although corticosterone and noradrenaline levels were increased by acute stress, they were restored after prolonged exposure to the stressor. Instead, thyroid hormone levels were only reduced in chronically stressed animals in comparison with control subjects. Correlating, chronic but not acute stress impaired T-cell reactivity. Thyroxin replacement treatment of chronic restraint stress-exposed mice, which restored the euthyroid status, reversed the observed reduction of T-cell lymphoproliferative responses. Moreover, therapeutic thyroid replacement also reversed the alterations of lymphoma growth induced by chronic stress in syngeneic mice bearing tumors as well as Interleukin-2 production and specific cytotoxic response against tumor cells. Finally, we found that the isoforms theta and alpha of the protein kinase C are involved in these events. CONCLUSIONS These results show for the first time that thyroid hormones are important neuroendocrine regulators of tumor evolution, most probably acting through the modulation of T-cell mediated immunity affected by chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Romina Frick
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Primera Cátedra de Farmacología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Frick LR, Arcos MLB, Rapanelli M, Zappia MP, Brocco M, Mongini C, Genaro AM, Cremaschi GA. Chronic restraint stress impairs T-cell immunity and promotes tumor progression in mice. Stress 2009; 12:134-43. [PMID: 18609297 DOI: 10.1080/10253890802137437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to stressful situations can affect the immune system. The T-cell response is an important component of anti-tumoral immunity. Hence, impairment of the immune function induced by a chronic stressor has been postulated to alter the immunosurveillance of tumors, thus leading to a worse neoplastic prognosis. Here, we show that chronic restraint stress affects T-cell mediated immunity in mice. This was evidenced by a decrease of mitogen-induced T-cell proliferation, a reduction in CD4(+)T lymphocyte number and a decrease of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production in stressed mice. Additionally, mice subjected to chronic restraint stress displayed an enhancement of tumor growth in a syngeneic lymphoma model, i.e. an increase of tumor proliferation and a reduction of animal survival. Finally, stressed mice had a reduced specific cytotoxic response against these tumor cells. These results suggest that chronic exposure to stress promotes cancer establishment and subsequent progression, probably by depressing T-cell mediated immunity. The T-cell immunity impairment as well as the tumor progression enhancement emphasize the importance of the therapeutic management of stress to improve the prognosis of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Frick
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas, 1 Cátedra de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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15
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Goldman CG, Loureiro JD, Matteo MJ, Catalano M, Gonzalez AB, Heredia SR, Zubillaga MB, Solnick JV, Cremaschi GA. Helicobacter spp. from gastric biopsies of stranded South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis). Res Vet Sci 2008; 86:18-21. [PMID: 18504051 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal lesions with uncertain etiology have been widely described among pinnipeds. The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of Helicobacter spp. in the gastric mucosa of South American fur seals (Arctocephalusaustralis). Gastric biopsies from thirteen seals, stranded on the shores of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean in Argentina, were evaluated for the presence of Helicobacter spp. by PCR and DNA sequence analysis. Six gastric biopsies were positive for Helicobacter spp. Pairwise sequence comparisons showed less than 95% identity to novel Helicobacter spp. described from pinnipeds from North America and Australia. However, phylogenetic analysis revealed that the South American fur seal sequences clustered with 99-100% homology with H. cetorum, a species isolated from dolphins and whales. The presence of H. cetorum in pinnipeds, if confirmed by its isolation from the gastric mucosa of these mammals, demonstrates the wide host range of this bacterium in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Goldman
- Physics Department, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina.
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Frick LR, Palumbo ML, Zappia MP, Brocco MA, Cremaschi GA, Genaro AM. Inhibitory effect of fluoxetine on lymphoma growth through the modulation of antitumor T-cell response by serotonin-dependent and independent mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 75:1817-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Revised: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Palumbo ML, Fosser NS, Rios H, Zorrilla Zubilete MA, Guelman LR, Cremaschi GA, Genaro AM. Loss of hippocampal neuronal nitric oxide synthase contributes to the stress-related deficit in learning and memory. J Neurochem 2007; 102:261-74. [PMID: 17419805 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been involved in many pathophysiological brain processes. However, the exact role of NO in the cognitive deficit associated to chronic stress exposure has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the participation of hippocampal NO production and their regulation by protein kinase C (PKC) in the memory impairment induced in mice subjected to chronic mild stress model (CMS). CMS mice showed a poor learning performance in both open field and passive avoidance inhibitory task respect to control mice. Histological studies showed a morphological alteration in the hippocampus of CMS mice. On the other hand, chronic stress induced a diminished NO production by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) correlated with an increment in gamma and zeta PKC isoenzymes. Partial restoration of nNOS activity was obtained after PKC activity blockade. NO production by inducible nitric oxide synthase isoform was not detected. The magnitude of oxidative stress, evaluated by reactive oxygen species production, after excitotoxic levels of NMDA was increased in hippocampus of CMS mice. Moreover, ROS formation was higher in the presence of nNOS inhibitor in both control and CMS mice. Finally, treatment of mice with nNOS inhibitors results in behavioural alterations similar to those observed in CMS animals. These findings suggest a novel role for nNOS showing protective activity against insults that trigger tissue toxicity leading to memory impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Palumbo
- CEFYBO-CONICET and 1a. Cát. de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cremaschi GA, Klecha AJ, Vercelli C, Franchi AM, Genaro AM, Arcos MLB. Participation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and atypical protein kinase C (PKC) ζ in thyroid hormone-mediated apoptosis of murine T lymphocytes (87.39). The Journal of Immunology 2007. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.87.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) regulate immune responses and are able to influence proliferation and differentiation in several cell types. However, their direct actions on lymphocytes have not been elucidated. We have demonstrated that short time culture (up to 72 h) of quiescent BW5147 (BW) T cells in the presence of TH induced cell division. Here, prolonged actions of TH on BW cells and the intracellular signals involved were studied. After 5 days of culture, TH inhibited BW growth inducing apoptosis, as shown by Hoescht staining and DNA ladder assay. These effects were accompanied by an increase in NOS activity measured by [14C]-citrulline formation. Also, an increase in iNOS and a decrease in the PKC ζ isoform, both at the protein (by western blot analysis) and mRNA levels (by RT-PCR evaluation) were seen An increase in reactive oxygen species (determined by conversion of dichlorofluorescin-diacetate to the fluorescent DCF) was found. Additionally, TH induced an increment in protein nitrosylation.
These results show that prolonged TH exposition lead to an exacerbate increase in iNOS activity, that would in turn result in PKC ζ decrease, probably through protein nitrosylation. These intracellular signals would trigger apoptotic mechanisms involved in TH regulation of lymphocyte activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Alicia Cremaschi
- 1Immunopharmacology, CEFYBO-CONICET-UBA, Paraguay 2155, Piso 16, Buenos Aires, 1121ABG, Argentina,
- 2Physics, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, UBA, Junin 956, PB, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina,
| | - Alicia Juana Klecha
- 1Immunopharmacology, CEFYBO-CONICET-UBA, Paraguay 2155, Piso 16, Buenos Aires, 1121ABG, Argentina,
- 2Physics, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, UBA, Junin 956, PB, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina,
| | - Claudia Vercelli
- 3Reproductive Immunology, CEFYBO-CONICET-UBA, Paraguay 2155, Piso 16, Buenos Aires, 1121 ABG, Argentina
| | - Ana María Franchi
- 3Reproductive Immunology, CEFYBO-CONICET-UBA, Paraguay 2155, Piso 16, Buenos Aires, 1121 ABG, Argentina
| | - Ana María Genaro
- 1Immunopharmacology, CEFYBO-CONICET-UBA, Paraguay 2155, Piso 16, Buenos Aires, 1121ABG, Argentina,
- 2Physics, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, UBA, Junin 956, PB, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina,
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Cremaschi GA, Klecha AJ, Orqueda A, Kaliski MA, Arcos MLB, Zubillaga M, Wald M, Genaro AM. In vivo and in vitro zinc (Zn) deficiency diminished T lymphocyte activity through the modulation of PKC isoenzymes. (87.46). The Journal of Immunology 2007. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.87.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Zn is essential to numerous signaling proteins that share Zn-finger structures as a common motif. It is crucial for immunocompetent cells, as its deficiency leads to immune function alterations. The exact mechanisms involved in Zn regulation of lymphocyte activity are still unclear. Here we analyzed both the direct and the in vivo effect of Zn deficiency on normal T cells and the involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) (an enzyme with cysteine-rich domains) and its isoenzyme profile. For this purpose mitogen stimulated normal T cells were cultured in the absence or presence of specific intra- or extracellular Zn chelators. These effects were compared with those obtained in mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes purified from mice fed with Zn deficient diets. Proliferation, PKC activity and the pattern of PKC isoenzymes were evaluated. Zn chelators inhibited normal cell proliferation and their effects were reverted by in vitro Zn addition. Similar effects were observed in lymphocytes from Zn deficient mice. In both experimental conditions, a decrease in PKC activity and in mitogen-induced translocation of the enzyme to cell membranes were observed. These effects were accompanied by a decrease in PKC α and 𝛉 isoforms.
These results show that Zn plays an important role in T cell growth and that its deficiency would alter the expression of key PKC isoenzymes that are essential signalling molecules involved in lymphocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Alicia Cremaschi
- 1Immunopharmacology, CEFYBO-CONICET-UBA, Paraguay 2155, Piso 16, Buenos Aires, 1121ABG, Argentina,
- 2Physics, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, UBA, Junin 956, PB, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina
| | - Alicia Juana Klecha
- 1Immunopharmacology, CEFYBO-CONICET-UBA, Paraguay 2155, Piso 16, Buenos Aires, 1121ABG, Argentina,
- 2Physics, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, UBA, Junin 956, PB, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina
| | - Andres Orqueda
- 1Immunopharmacology, CEFYBO-CONICET-UBA, Paraguay 2155, Piso 16, Buenos Aires, 1121ABG, Argentina,
| | | | | | - Marcela Zubillaga
- 2Physics, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, UBA, Junin 956, PB, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina
| | - Miriam Wald
- 1Immunopharmacology, CEFYBO-CONICET-UBA, Paraguay 2155, Piso 16, Buenos Aires, 1121ABG, Argentina,
| | - Ana María Genaro
- 1Immunopharmacology, CEFYBO-CONICET-UBA, Paraguay 2155, Piso 16, Buenos Aires, 1121ABG, Argentina,
- 2Physics, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, UBA, Junin 956, PB, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina
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Silberman DM, Zorrilla-Zubilete M, Cremaschi GA, Genaro AM. Protein kinase C-dependent NF-kappaB activation is altered in T cells by chronic stress. Cell Mol Life Sci 2005; 62:1744-54. [PMID: 16003495 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-005-5058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress has been associated with impaired immune function. In this work we studied the effect of chronic mild stress (CMS) exposure on the early intracellular pathways involved in T cells after stimulation with mitogen. We found that mitogen stimulation of T lymphocytes from CMS-exposed mice resulted in a reduction of the intracellular [Ca2+] rise, an impairment of growth-promoting protein kinase C (PKC) activation, a lower NF-kappaB activation and an increase in the inhibitory cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway activity with respect to those found in control lymphocytes. However, T cell activation with the direct PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore led to a similar proliferative response in both CMS and control lymphocytes, indicating that signals downstream of PKC would not be affected by stress. In summary, our results show that chronic stress induced an alteration in T cell early transduction signals that result in an impairment of the proliferative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Silberman
- Laboratory of Psychoneuroimmunology, CEFYBO-CONICET, Serrano 669 3rd, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Klecha AJ, Salgueiro J, Wald M, Boccio J, Zubillaga M, Leonardi NM, Gorelik G, Cremaschi GA. In vivo iron and zinc deficiency diminished T- and B-selective mitogen stimulation of murine lymphoid cells through protein kinase C-mediated mechanism. Biol Trace Elem Res 2005; 104:173-83. [PMID: 15894817 DOI: 10.1385/bter:104:2:173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2004] [Accepted: 08/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Zinc and iron are crucial mineral components of human diet, because their deficiency leads to several disorders, including alterations of the immune function. It has been demonstrated, in both humans and rodents, that a diminished number of lymphoid cells and a loss of lymphocyte activity accompany deprivation of these essential minerals. The aim of this work was to analyze if iron and/or zinc imbalances regulate lymphocyte activity and the intracellular signals involved in the effect. Mice from the BALB/c strain were fed with iron- and/or zinc-deficient or mineral-supplemented diets, according to the American Institute of Nutrition Rodent Diets. Levels of iron and zinc were assessed in blood, liver, or bone samples. Selective mitogen stimulation of T- and B-lymphocytes were performed. We found a diminished proliferative response in T- and B-lymphocytes from zinc- and/or iron-deficient animals with respect to controls. These effects were related to decreased mitogen-induced translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) activity to cell membranes on both cell types from all animals fed with deficient diets. Our results demonstrate that iron and zinc deficiencies affect both T- and B-lymphocyte function by PKC-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Klecha
- Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Klecha AJ, Barreiro Arcos ML, Genaro AM, Gorelik G, Silberman DM, Caro R, Cremaschi GA. Different mitogen-mediated Beta-adrenergic receptor modulation in murine T lymphocytes depending on the thyroid status. Neuroimmunomodulation 2005; 12:92-9. [PMID: 15785111 DOI: 10.1159/000083581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2003] [Accepted: 05/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to analyze beta-adrenergic receptor (betaAR) regulation of T-lymphocyte proliferation in mice according to different thyroid hormone statuses. METHODS T cells from eu-, hypo- (by propylthiouracil treatment) and hyperthyroid (by thyroxine, T4 administration) mice were purified and specific radioligand binding assays were performed. The effects of the beta-agonist isoproterenol (ISO) on intracellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) were determined. Mitogen-induced T-cell proliferation was measured by [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation. Finally, protein kinase C (PKC) activity in cytosol and membrane fractions were determined using radiolabelled enzymatic substrates. RESULTS Adecrease or a non-significant increase in betaAR number was found on T lymphocytes from hypo- and hyperthyroid mice compared to euthyroid controls. ISO stimulation of cAMP levels was lower in hypothyroid and higher in hyperthyroid T lymphocytes compared to controls. T-selective mitogen-induced proliferation was increased in T4-treated animals, but decreased in hypothyroid mice. During the peak of proliferation, downregulation of betaAR was observed in all animals. However, a higher or a lower decrease was observed in hyper- and hypothyroid T cells, respectively. In parallel, a higher translocation of PKC activity was observed in hyperthyroid cells, and a lower one was found in hypothyroid lymphocytes with respect to controls. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that intracellular signals triggered by mitogen activation, namely PKC, would be related to differential betaAR downregulation in T lymphocytes depending on the thyroid hormone status, contributing to the distinct proliferative responses found in hypo- or hyperthyroidism compared to the euthyroid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Juana Klecha
- Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
The aim of the present work was to analyze the effect of chronic stress on thyroid axis and its influence on the immune response. For this purpose a murine model of chronic stress was developed to evaluate and to correlate thyroid hormone levels with humoral alloimmune response. Results show a reduction in serum levels of thyroid hormones, specially a significant decrease in serum levels of triiodotyronine (T3) in stressed animals. On the other hand, alloimmunization was not able to induce an early increment in T3 and thyroxine (T4) levels as it was previously reported in normal animals. In addition, lower titers of alloantibodies were obtained in animals under stress conditions as compared to normal mice. The sustitutive T4 treatment in stressed animals increased significantly alloantibody production as well as the early increment in thyroid hormones after antigenic challenge. These findings suggest that chronic stress induces an alteration of the function of thyroid axis that alters the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Cremaschi
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Cremaschi GA, Genaro AM, Cazaux CA, Anesini C, Wald M, Borda T, Sterin-Borda L. Altered beta-adrenoceptor function associated to protein kinase C activation in hyperproliferative T lymphocytes. J Neuroimmunol 2000; 110:57-65. [PMID: 11024534 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(00)00333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
beta-Adrenoceptor (betaAR) expression and function as well as its modulation via intracellular transduction signals, were analyzed on the T cell lymphoma BW5147. Independently to the kinetic of proliferation and relative to the number of receptors displayed in normal T lymphocytes, BW5147 cells displayed a decreased number of betaAR, uncoupled to adenylate cyclase, but coupled to protein kinase C stimulation. This last effect was impaired by a beta-antagonist and by blockers of the enzymatic pathways involved in T lymphocyte proliferation, inducing a recovery of betaAR sites. Down-regulation of betaAR would implicate the loss of a negative neuroimmune control mechanism for lymphocyte proliferation. The coupling of the remaining sites to a positive signal for cellular activation, would contribute to establish an hyperproliferative state.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Cremaschi
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), CONICET, Serrano 669, 1414, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Klecha AJ, Genaro AM, Lysionek AE, Caro RA, Coluccia AG, Cremaschi GA. Experimental evidence pointing to the bidirectional interaction between the immune system and the thyroid axis. Int J Immunopharmacol 2000; 22:491-500. [PMID: 10785546 DOI: 10.1016/s0192-0561(00)00012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Among the many examples of neuroendocrine-immune system interactions the relationship between the thyroid axis and the immune function has yet to be clearly established. Here we studied the influence of thyroid hormones on the course of an alloimmune response. Murine T(3) and T(4) levels were found to be increased a few days after the immunization of mice with allogeneic lymphoid cells. Besides in vivo treatment with T(4) was shown to increase alloantibody titers during the early stages of alloimmunization and to enforce lymphoid proliferation in vitro in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. Conversely, lowering thyroid hormone seric levels by propylthiouracil treatment, negatively modulates the humoral and cellular alloimmune responses. The evidence here points to the existence of a bidirectional communication between both systems. The possibility that the antigenic challenge would increase the thyroid gland activity thus leading to a positive modulatory action upon the immune response is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Klecha
- Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Genaro AM, Cremaschi GA, Gorelik G, Sterin-Borda L, Borda ES. Downregulation of beta adrenergic receptor expression on B cells by activation of early signals in alloantigen-induced immune response. Neuroimmunomodulation 2000; 8:114-21. [PMID: 11124576 DOI: 10.1159/000054270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we described a decrease in beta-adrenergic receptor expression in B lymphocytes as a consequence of in vivo alloimmunization. This decrease correlates with the highest response of alloantibody production by B cells. In the present report we examined the participation of intracellular signals elicited after alloimmune stimulation. We showed that in vitro stimulation of B cells with mitomycin C-treated allogenic cells induced a reduction in the number of beta-adrenoceptors. This downregulation correlated to changes in basal and in isoproterenol-stimulated intracellular cAMP levels. We found that calcium mobilization and protein kinase C activation triggered after direct allogenic stimulation and/or by the action of T cell-soluble factors induced the reduction in beta-adrenoceptor sites. These findings could be of interest to understand the neuroendocrine mechanisms involved in the regulation of B cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Genaro
- Cátedra de Farmacología, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Abstract
In this work, we studied the effect of fluoxetine on human T-lymphocyte proliferation using optimal and suboptimal concanavalin A concentrations. In particular, we analyzed the influence of fluoxetine on the kinases that are involved in intracellular signalling after stimulation with mitogens. We found that fluoxetine promoted the Ca2+ -mediated proteolysis of protein kinase C (PKC) and increased cyclic-AMP (cAMP) levels, thereby impairing lymphocyte proliferation, when optimal concanavalin A concentrations were used. In contrast, when suboptimal concanavalin A concentrations were used, fluoxetine only increased PKC translocation, without modifying cAMP levels, leading to T-cell proliferation. According to our results, fluoxetine has a dual effect on T-cell proliferation by modulating the PKC and protein kinase A pathways. This mechanism is thought to be mediated through Ca2+ mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Edgar
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ayelli Edgar V, Genaro AM, Cremaschi GA, Sterin Borda L. Fluoxetine action upon human T lymphocyte proliferation. Acta Physiol Pharmacol Ther Latinoam 1999; 48:191-7. [PMID: 9914808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of fluoxetine upon human T lymphocyte proliferation, and to assess the early signals elicited after T cell triggering and cAMP formation. Blood samples from normal human volunteers were drawn from venipuncture and T cells were cultured in the presence or absence of Concanavalin A (Con A) and fluoxetine. Protein Kinase C (PKC) levels and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) formation were also measured. Fluoxetine exerted dual effect, depending on the degree of lymphocyte activation: at mitogenic concentrations of Con A (2 micrograms/ml), we observed an inhibitory effect on cellular proliferation. This inhibitory effect involves PKC degradation and cAMP formation. On the other hand, when submitogenic Con A concentrations (1 microgram/ml) were used, fluoxetine stimulated the cellular response and increased PKC translocation. The participation of extracellular calcium mobilization could be involved in these mechanisms. According to our results, fluoxetine seems to modulate calcium influx which, in turn, would influence PKC translocation, thus modulating the immune response through a mechanism that could be involving cAMP participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ayelli Edgar
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cazaux CA, Sterin-Borda L, Gorelik G, Cremaschi GA. Down-regulation of beta-adrenergic receptors induced by mitogen activation of intracellular signaling events in lymphocytes. FEBS Lett 1995; 364:120-4. [PMID: 7750555 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00366-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The expression of beta-adrenergic receptors on murine lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A was studied. A decrease in beta-adrenoceptor number on T lymphocytes and a diminished response to specific agonist stimulation at the peak of proliferation was found. The blockade of cell proliferation by tyrosine kinases or protein kinase C inhibitors reversed the decrease in beta-adrenoceptor number. PMA plus ionophore or interleukin-2 but not PMA alone were able to induce beta-adrenoceptor down-regulation accompanying cellular proliferation. These results showed that the intracellular signals triggered during lymphocyte activation are involved in beta-adrenoceptor down-regulation and it would represent the loss of a mechanism that exerts negative neuroimmune control of cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Cazaux
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cremaschi GA, Cazaux CA, Miguel S, Sterin-Borda L. Reduced number and coupling of beta-adrenergic receptors in a modified S49 mouse lymphoma cell line. Int J Immunopharmacol 1994; 16:1043-52. [PMID: 7705966 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(94)90084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Long-term culture of S49 wild-type cells in medium containing a high concentration of fetal calf serum leads to a modified (S49m) cell line with a reduced number of beta-adrenergic receptors (R). These S49m cells with a higher rate of proliferation were unable to respond to the beta-adrenergic agonists isoproterenol (ISO) and epinephrine as analysed by measuring adenylate cyclase (ac) activity on purified membranes of these cells. Additionally, no accumulation of cyclic AMP was obtained on S49m intact cells upon stimulation with beta-agonists. Nevertheless, S49m cells were able to respond significantly to the direct activation of the stimulatory guanine nucleotide binding (Gs) protein by aluminium tetrafluoride and sodium fluoride, and to the stimulation of another receptor coupled to the ac system through a Gs protein, by prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). When cloning S49m cells, similar results were obtained upon stimulation with ISO and PGE1 and the cloned cells express the same thy 1.2 and class Id molecules as do S49 cells. The study of S49m cells indicates that they are a beta-adrenergic R-deficient variant distinct from the other variants described for S49 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Cremaschi
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cremaschi GA, Miguel S, Cazaux C, Sterin-Borda L. Increased proliferative activity, loss of beta-adrenergic receptor function and class I major histocompatibility complex antigen surface expression in a modified lymphoma cell line. Cell Signal 1994; 6:783-92. [PMID: 7888305 DOI: 10.1016/0898-6568(94)00036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The molecular interaction of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens (Ag) and of beta-adrenergic receptors was previously demonstrated on lymphocytes. By long-term culturing with high concentration of foetal calf serum, the murine S49 lymphoma cell line was modified (S49m) giving phenotypic alterations in beta-adrenergic receptors and class I Ag expression. S49m cells displayed a reduced number of beta-adrenergic sites that were uncoupled to the adenylate cyclase system. These were unable to respond to beta agonist stimulation, despite the fact that direct activation of Gs could be achieved with aluminium tetrafluoride. Although S49m cells showed normal expression of the thy 1.2 Ag, they displayed no expression of class I Ag of the d haplotype. This was assessed by the evident lack of cytotoxic activity of specific monoclonal antibodies (Mo Ab) and of their binding. When performing IFI staining on permeabilized cells, we found positive staining with anti-class d Ab inside the cell. This loss of expression and activity of beta-adrenoceptors and the internalization of class I Ag were accompanied by a higher rate of proliferation in S49m cells. The possibility that the loss of both molecules would modify the biology of the cell is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Cremaschi
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cremaschi GA, Sterin-Borda L. MHC class I-hormone receptor associations: still a physiological enigma? Acta Physiol Pharmacol Ther Latinoam 1994; 44:55-64. [PMID: 7663014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Besides the important role of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I molecules n physiologically restricting immune responses, they seem to play a non-immunological function by the molecular association with several hormone receptors (R). Among the hormone R and class I antigen (Ag) interactions, insulin R, epidermal growth factor (EGF) R, interleukin-2 (IL-2) R, luteinizing (LH) hormone R, beta adrenergic R and muscarinic cholinergic R were described in several human and animal models. Evidences from immunoprecipitation assays, binding assays and immunofluorescence techniques pointed to the molecular association of all of these R with class I molecules on cellular surfaces. Only for beta adrenergic R, muscarinic cholinergic R and LH-R, antibodies directed against class I products were described to exert the activation of these R leading to the production of intracellular second messengers and consequently modifying the physiology of the corresponding cell. This was also obtained on insulin R with peptides derived from class I molecules. The selectivity or R involved in all studied cellular types, should find its explanation in the physiological importance of the considered R for the indicated cell. The participation of cytoskeletal proteins on these interactions and the proximity on cell surfaces between both molecules, probably managed by ligand-mediated microaggregation, are also facts to be taken into account to better understand the biological consequences of these interactions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Epidermal Growth Factor/chemistry
- Epidermal Growth Factor/physiology
- Genes, MHC Class I/physiology
- Humans
- Mice
- Rats
- Receptor, Insulin/chemistry
- Receptor, Insulin/physiology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/chemistry
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/physiology
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/chemistry
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/physiology
- Receptors, LH/chemistry
- Receptors, LH/physiology
- Receptors, Muscarinic/chemistry
- Receptors, Muscarinic/physiology
- Receptors, Neurotransmitter/chemistry
- Receptors, Neurotransmitter/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Cremaschi
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Genaro AM, Cremaschi GA, Borda ES. Muscarinic cholinergic receptors on murine lymphocyte subpopulations. Selective interactions with second messenger response system upon pharmacological stimulation. Immunopharmacology 1993; 26:21-9. [PMID: 8407282 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3109(93)90063-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study the muscarinic cholinergic receptor capacity and affinity in murine lymphocyte sets and subsets and the biochemical responses obtained by the pharmacological stimulation of cholinergic receptors in these cells was determined by means of binding studies. Saturation assays with the specific radioligand for muscarinic cholinergic receptors ([3H]QNB) showed that B lymphocytes lack high affinity muscarinic cholinergic receptors, while the binding on T cells was a specific and saturable process. Lyt 2.2+ cells have a significantly higher number of receptors (Bmax) than L3T4+ cells; but the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) values obtained in both subpopulations did not differ significantly from one another, and resembled the Kd value of T lymphocyte populations. The specific receptor stimulation by carbachol caused a different intracellular signal transduction according the tested cell subtypes. The muscarinic cholinergic stimulation result in a significant inhibition of isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase system in T, L3T4+ and Lyt 2.2+ cells. On the contrary, Lyt 2.2+ cells were only able to respond to carbachol stimulus increasing cGMP levels and inositol phosphate formation while L3T4+ cells were unable to do it. Results show differences in the expression and in the ability of cholinergic receptors in sets and subsets of murine lymphocytes to trigger intracellular second-messenger systems. The differential receptor expression and the second-messenger response systems could be important to study the modulation of cellular immune response by cholinergic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Genaro
- Centro de Estudios Farmacologicos y Botanicos (CEFYBO), Concejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
beta-Adrenergic receptors (R) on several tumor lymphoid cell lines were characterized both directly by beta radioligand binding of 125iodo-cyanopindolol (125I-CYP) to intact cells and membranes, and functionally by assessing hormone-dependent changes in cyclic 3',5' adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels on intact cells and measuring adenylate cyclase (a.c.) activity on membranes. Only two lymphoid cell types, BW 5147 (a T cell derived lymphoma cell line) and TIB 221 (a B cell derived line) displayed significant amounts of beta-adrenergic R by 125I-CYP specific binding. Despite this, no stimulation of the a.c. activity was found in the presence of beta-adrenergic agonists in these cells in comparison with native lymphocytes or cells of the well-known S49 cell line used as a positive control. beta-Adrenoceptor specific uncoupling was confirmed by aluminum tetrafluoride (AlFl4) direct activation of the a.c. system in the beta R-bearing cell membranes and by an increase in cAMP production induced by PGE1, another hormone that activates the a.c. Structural characterization of beta-adrenoceptors by photoaffinity-labeling demonstrates that uncoupling was not due to a structural alteration of the beta-adrenergic R expressed in these lymphoma cell lines, as these R gave similar results as native or S49 cells. It can be concluded that functional beta-adrenoceptors are absent in these lymphoma cells. The possible implication of alternative transmission pathways and original neuroendocrine control in tumor lymphoid cells is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Cremaschi
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
We have examined the influence of an allogeneic stimulus on T lymphocyte prostanoid synthesis. PGE2 and TXB2 (the stable product of TXA2) were determined by radioimmunoassay. When T cells were derived from alloimmunized animals, the production of PGE2 and TXA2 was significantly higher than that of non-immunized cells. Moreover, T immune lymphocytes in the presence of the immunized alloantigen showed an increment in prostanoid production. We propose that the allogeneic stimulus provides a signal to the T lymphocytes for an increase in prostanoid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Genaro
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y de Principios Naturales (CEFAPRIN) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires
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Abstract
Induction of polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis in cardiac tissue by specific recognition of class I histocompatibility antigens was assayed. C3H (H-2k) mice auricles were labelled with myo-[3H]inositol precursor and inositol phosphate production in the presence or absence of anti-class I k products was measured. Anti-class I, but not anti-class II products specifically increased phosphoinositide turnover. This increment was partially blocked by muscarinic cholinergic and alpha-adrenergic blockers and even more so by the phospholipase C inhibitor NCDC. Alloantibodies specifically directed against class I antigens could then exert stimulation of phospholipase C-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis through the interaction with muscarinic cholinergic and/or alpha-adrenergic receptors. The induction of intracellular second messengers by class I antigens and hormone-receptor interactions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Cremaschi
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y de Principios Naturales, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cremaschi GA, Sterin-Borda L. Biological effects and cyclic AMP production during molecular histocompatibility antigen and beta-adrenoceptor interactions. Int J Immunopharmacol 1988; 10:569-78. [PMID: 2846454 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(88)90075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been previously demonstrated that murine alloimmune IgG, while specifically recognizing class I histocompatibility (HC) antigens (Ag) of cardiac tissue, was able to increase the contractile tension and frequency of spontaneously beating isolated preparations and that this effect involved beta adrenoceptor activation. Here we show that beta 1 adrenoceptors of murine myocardium are the only stimulatory cardiac receptors that could interact with alloantibodies (allo-Ab), as the specific blockade of stimulant receptors did not alter alloimmune IgG mechanical effect on atria. Moreover, beta adrenergic participation in the phenomenon was confirmed by the isoproterenol-like increase of cardiac cAMP levels in cardiac preparations pre-treated with allo-Ab, that could be blocked by the beta antagonist propranolol. We also show that alloimmune IgG fixation to myocardium could be specifically interfered with by beta- and beta 1-selective blockers. All these data point to the fact that the mechanism whereby alloimmune IgG may trigger a beta adrenergic biological effect is through a direct molecular interaction between HC Ag and adenylate cyclase-coupled beta adrenoceptors.
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Genaro AM, Borda ES, Cremaschi GA, Sterin-Borda L, Braun M. H-2 specific inotropic effect of alloimmune lymphoid cells on mouse isolated atria. Immunopharmacology 1986; 11:129-40. [PMID: 3488301 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3109(86)90015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alloimmunized lymphoid cells exert inotropic effects on isolated mouse atria. We here show that, when thymocytes were assayed on spontaneously beating isolated atria, a negative inotropic effect always appeared. When lymph node or spleen cells were assayed, they led to a biphasic effect: negative or positive inotropic effect, depending on the number of immunizations. Non-immunized lymphoid cells never exerted inotropic effects. Supernatants of alloimmunized cells cocultivated with pieces of atria from the immunizing strain exerted pharmacological effects on atria that mimicked those of whole cells. Inhibitors of lipoxygenase(s) and cyclooxygenase of arachidonic acid metabolism, inhibited the positive and negative inotropic effects, respectively. The specificity of the negative and positive inotropic effects, both in their induction and expression, was linked to the major histocompatibility complex. When T and B cells were purified from lymphoid tissues we found that they were responsible for the negative and positive inotropic effects on atria, respectively. Additionally, supernatants of T cells cultured with alloextracts triggered negative inotropic effects, but those from B cells were inactivated.
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Cremaschi GA, Sterin-Borda L, Genaro AM, Borda ES, Braun M. Pharmacologic effects on mouse isolated atria of immunoglobulins directed against class I histocompatibility antigens. The Journal of Immunology 1984. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.133.5.2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Sera from alloimmunized mice exert potent inotropic and chronotropic effects on mouse isolated atria. In this report, we present data showing that both total immunoglobulins and purified IgG from alloimmunized mice were able to exert per se these effects. The pharmacologic effects of IgG were parallel to its cytotoxic titer but not to its immunofluorescence titer. The specificity of the inotropic and chronotropic effects was studied by using several interstrain immunizations and target atria. It was observed that only the sera from mice immunized with H-2-disparate cells were able to exert pharmacologic effects on atria; these effects were evident not only on atria from the immunizing strain, but also on atria from other strains having identical H-2 but different backgrounds. Neither normal sera nor sera from animals immunized against non-H-2 differences were active. The effect of sera, total immunoglobulins, and purified IgG were blocked by propranolol, suggesting the involvement of beta-adrenoreceptor in the reaction.
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Cremaschi GA, Sterin-Borda L, Genaro AM, Borda ES, Braun M. Pharmacologic effects on mouse isolated atria of immunoglobulins directed against class I histocompatibility antigens. J Immunol 1984; 133:2681-5. [PMID: 6481168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sera from alloimmunized mice exert potent inotropic and chronotropic effects on mouse isolated atria. In this report, we present data showing that both total immunoglobulins and purified IgG from alloimmunized mice were able to exert per se these effects. The pharmacologic effects of IgG were parallel to its cytotoxic titer but not to its immunofluorescence titer. The specificity of the inotropic and chronotropic effects was studied by using several interstrain immunizations and target atria. It was observed that only the sera from mice immunized with H-2-disparate cells were able to exert pharmacologic effects on atria; these effects were evident not only on atria from the immunizing strain, but also on atria from other strains having identical H-2 but different backgrounds. Neither normal sera nor sera from animals immunized against non-H-2 differences were active. The effect of sera, total immunoglobulins, and purified IgG were blocked by propranolol, suggesting the involvement of beta-adrenoreceptor in the reaction.
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Borda ES, Genaro AM, Cremaschi GA, Sales ME, Sterin-Borda L. Beta-adrenergic inhibitory effect of alloimmune antibody on isolated oviductal tract of mice. Eur J Pharmacol 1984; 100:195-200. [PMID: 6329774 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(84)90222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The effects of IgG purified from BALB/c anti CF1 sera on the spontaneous contractions of isolated oviductal tract from CF1 mice were explored. Cumulative dose-response curves were constructed for the effect of immune IgG on nice oviductal tracts from proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus, comparing them with those obtained with norepinephrine. Both the adrenergic agonist and the immune IgG produced a sustained inhibition of spontaneous motility during the whole sex cycle. Normal IgG was virtually devoid of activity. The sensitivity of CF1 mouse oviducts to the inhibitory actions of immune IgG and norepinephrine varied depending on the hormonal stage, i.e. it was higher in natural diestrus than in metestrus; it became smaller in proestrus and was minimal during estrus. The mechanism triggered involved a beta-adrenergic reaction that could be blocked by 10(-7) M (-)-propranolol and 10(-6) M butoxamine and potentiated by chemical sympathectomy of the mice with 6-hydroxydopamine. It is concluded that: (a) alloimmune antibody reacts with isolated oviductal tract of mice inducing functional changes; (b) this action could be associated with an activation of postsynaptic beta-adrenergic sites of the plasma membrane and (c) the different effectiveness of the immune IgG observed during the sex cycle appears to depend on the affinity of beta-adrenoreceptors to react with it.
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Genaro AM, Cremaschi GA, Sales ME, Borda ES. Effect of alloimmunized thymic cells on isolated mouse atria. Participation of prostaglandins. Experientia 1983; 39:1033-5. [PMID: 6603987 DOI: 10.1007/bf01989789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The effects of thymic cells from alloimmunized mice on the mechanical activity of isolated mouse atria were explored. Immune cells decreased the tension without changing the rate of beating of the atrium. After inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis with indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid, the negative inotropic action of alloimmunized thymic cells was blocked.
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Cremaschi GA, Genaro AM, Sales ME, Sterin-Borda L. Positive inotropic and chronotropic effect of alloimmune sera on isolated mouse atria. Experientia 1983; 39:1026-8. [PMID: 6411486 DOI: 10.1007/bf01989785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The effects of alloimmune sera on the contractile tension and frequency of spontaneously beating isolated mouse atria were explored. Immune sera enhanced frequency as well as tension; both effects were blocked by the presence of propranolol. In contrast, pretreatment with 6-OH dopamine potentiated the stimulatory action of immune sera.
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