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Oliveira MDA, de Almeida SR, Martins JO. Novel Insights into Sporotrichosis and Diabetes. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:527. [PMID: 39194853 DOI: 10.3390/jof10080527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a type of zoonotic subcutaneous mycosis caused by different species of dimorphic fungus of the genus Sporothrix, and it is the most common form of subcutaneous mycosis in Latin America. Sporotrichosis is generally restricted to cutaneous and lymphatic tissue (i.e., localized forms), and involvement in the viscera (i.e., disseminated or disseminated cutaneous form) is uncommon, especially in the central nervous system. However, immunosuppression in individuals with diabetes mellitus can lead to the disseminated form of the disease due to a failure to eliminate the pathogen and poor infection treatment outcomes. Possible correlations between patients with diabetes and their greater susceptibility to disseminated cases of sporotrichosis include a decreased cytokine response after stimulation, increased oxidative stress, decreased chemotaxis, phagocytic activity, adhesion and rolling of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, and increased macrophage/monocyte and polymorphonuclear cell apoptosis. Therefore, this review highlights novel insights into diabetes and sporotrichosis by investigating how chronic inflammation affects and aggravates the infection, the possible causes of the greater susceptibility of Sporothrix sp. to hematogenous dissemination in immunocompromised patients, and the main alterations that this dissemination can cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana de Araujo Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandro Rogério de Almeida
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Joilson O Martins
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
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Batty MJ, Chabrier G, Sheridan A, Gage MC. Metabolic Hormones Modulate Macrophage Inflammatory Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184661. [PMID: 34572888 PMCID: PMC8467249 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Macrophages are a type of immune cell which play an important role in the development of cancer. Obesity increases the risk of cancer and obesity also causes disruption to the normal levels of hormones that are produced to coordinate metabolism. Recent research now shows that these metabolic hormones also play important roles in macrophage immune responses and so through macrophages, disrupted metabolic hormone levels may promote cancer. This review article aims to highlight and summarise these recent findings so that the scientific community may better understand how important this new area of research is, and how these findings can be capitalised on for future scientific studies. Abstract Macrophages are phagocytotic leukocytes that play an important role in the innate immune response and have established roles in metabolic diseases and cancer progression. Increased adiposity in obese individuals leads to dysregulation of many hormones including those whose functions are to coordinate metabolism. Recent evidence suggests additional roles of these metabolic hormones in modulating macrophage inflammatory responses. In this review, we highlight key metabolic hormones and summarise their influence on the inflammatory response of macrophages and consider how, in turn, these hormones may influence the development of different cancer types through the modulation of macrophage functions.
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Kolliniati O, Ieronymaki E, Vergadi E, Tsatsanis C. Metabolic Regulation of Macrophage Activation. J Innate Immun 2021; 14:51-68. [PMID: 34247159 DOI: 10.1159/000516780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, the central mediators of innate immune responses, being in the first-line of defense, they have to readily respond to pathogenic or tissue damage signals to initiate the inflammatory cascade. Such rapid responses require energy to support orchestrated production of pro-inflammatory mediators and activation of phagocytosis. Being a cell type that is present in diverse environments and conditions, macrophages have to adapt to different nutritional resources. Thus, macrophages have developed plasticity and are capable of utilizing energy at both normoxic and hypoxic conditions and in the presence of varying concentrations of glucose or other nutrients. Such adaptation is reflected on changes in signaling pathways that modulate responses, accounting for the different activation phenotypes observed. Macrophage metabolism has been tightly associated with distinct activation phenotypes within the range of M1-like and M2-like types. In the context of diseases, systemic changes also affect macrophage metabolism, as in diabetes and insulin resistance, which results in altered metabolism and distinct activation phenotypes in the adipose tissue or in the periphery. In the context of solid tumors, tumor-associated macrophages adapt in the hypoxic environment, which results in metabolic changes that are reflected on an activation phenotype that supports tumor growth. Coordination of environmental and pathogenic signals determines macrophage metabolism, which in turn shapes the type and magnitude of the response. Therefore, modulating macrophage metabolism provides a potential therapeutic approach for inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania Kolliniati
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Ieronymaki
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eleni Vergadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Christos Tsatsanis
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, Heraklion, Greece
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Casagrande FB, Ferreira SDS, de Sousa ESA, Guimarães JPT, Romera LMD, Tessaro FHG, de Almeida SR, Rodrigues SFDP, Martins JO. Insulin Modulates Inflammatory Cytokine Release in Acute Stages and Augments Expression of Adhesion Molecules and Leukocytes in Lungs on Chronic Stages of Paracoccidioidomycosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583385. [PMID: 33312173 PMCID: PMC7708333 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetesmellitus (T1D) is caused by partial destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas and is a major issue for public health care worldwide. Reduced or impaired immunological responses, which render patients more susceptible to infections, have been observed in T1D, and this dysfunction is often related to a lack of insulin in the blood. Paracoccidioidomycosis is an important systemic mycosis endemic in Latin America. To evaluate the effects of T1D on this fungal infection and the modulatory effects of insulin, we induced diabetes in C57Bl/6 male mice (alloxan, 60 mg/kg), infected the mice (Pb18, 1 x 106 cells), and treated the mice with neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin (2 IU/600 mg/dL blood glucose). Twenty-four hours after infection, infected diabetic mice showed reduced secretion of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukine (IL)-12 p70 compared to infected nondiabetic controls. On the 45th day of infection, infected diabetic mice presented higher IFN-γ levels, a higher tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α:IL-10 ratio, and lower adhesion molecule expression levels than nondiabetic mice. In the in vitro experiments, alveolar macrophages from diabetic animals showed reduced phagocytic activity compared to those from control animals at 4, 12, and 24 h. In infected diabetic mice, treatment with insulin restored IL-12 p70 levels at 24 h of infection, reduced IFN-γ levels and the TNF-α:IL-10 ratio at 45 days, and restored vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 expression in pulmonary blood vessels, and this treatment reduced the diminished phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and increased nuclear factor-kappa-B(iκb)-α and jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK) p46 levels in infected nondiabetic mice. In addition, insulin promoted increased phagocytic activity in the alveolar macrophages of diabetic mice. These data suggest that T1D mice are more susceptible to Pb18 infection and that insulin modulates this inflammation in diabetic mice by augmenting the expression of adhesion molecules and leukocytes in the lungs and by reducing chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Beccaria Casagrande
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of São Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina de Souza Ferreira
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of São Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emanuella Sarmento Alho de Sousa
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of São Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Tôrres Guimarães
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of São Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lavínia Maria Dal’Mas Romera
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of São Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Henrique Galvão Tessaro
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of São Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro Rogério de Almeida
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of São Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephen Fernandes de Paula Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Vascular Nanopharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (ICB/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joilson O. Martins
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of São Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Casagrande FB, de Souza Ferreira S, Nunes FPB, Romera LMD, dos Santos SS, Tessaro FHG, de Souza PRK, Almeida SR, Martins JO. Insulin Modulates Paracoccidioides brasiliensis-Induced Inflammation by Restoring the Populations of NK Cells, Dendritic Cells, and B Lymphocytes in Lungs. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:6209694. [PMID: 30426021 PMCID: PMC6217756 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6209694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis, a key issue for Brazilian health service, can be aggravated in patients with impaired immunological responses, such as diabetic patients. We evaluated the role of insulin in inflammatory parameters in diabetic and nondiabetic mice using a systemic mycosis Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb) model. Diabetic C57BL-6 mice and controls were infected with Pb18 and treated with insulin for 12 days prior to experiments. After 55 days, infected diabetic mice exhibited fewer leukocytes in both peritoneal lavage fluid (PeLF) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and reduced secretion of interleukin- (IL-) 6 in lungs. In addition, diabetic mice presented a reduced influx of TCD4+ cells, TCD8+ cells, B lymphocytes, NK cells, and dendritic cells compared to control infected groups. Insulin treatment restored the leukocyte number in PeLF and restored the presence of B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and NK cells in lungs of diabetic animals. The data suggest that diabetic mice present impaired immunological response to Pb18 infection and insulin modulates inflammation by reducing IL-6 levels in lung and CINC-1 levels in spleen and liver homogenates, restoring leukocyte concentrations in PeLF and also restoring populations of dendritic cells and B lymphocytes in lungs of diabetic mice, permitting the host to better control the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Beccaria Casagrande
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University Sao Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina de Souza Ferreira
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University Sao Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Peixoto Barbosa Nunes
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University Sao Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Suelen Silvana dos Santos
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, FCF/USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Henrique Galvão Tessaro
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University Sao Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Regina Knox de Souza
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University Sao Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Paulista (UNIP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro Rogério Almeida
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, FCF/USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joilson Oliveira Martins
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University Sao Paulo (FCF/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Dror E, Dalmas E, Meier DT, Wueest S, Thévenet J, Thienel C, Timper K, Nordmann TM, Traub S, Schulze F, Item F, Vallois D, Pattou F, Kerr-Conte J, Lavallard V, Berney T, Thorens B, Konrad D, Böni-Schnetzler M, Donath MY. Postprandial macrophage-derived IL-1β stimulates insulin, and both synergistically promote glucose disposal and inflammation. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:283-292. [PMID: 28092375 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The deleterious effect of chronic activation of the IL-1β system on type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases is well documented. However, a possible physiological role for IL-1β in glucose metabolism has remained unexplored. Here we found that feeding induced a physiological increase in the number of peritoneal macrophages that secreted IL-1β, in a glucose-dependent manner. Subsequently, IL-1β contributed to the postprandial stimulation of insulin secretion. Accordingly, lack of endogenous IL-1β signaling in mice during refeeding and obesity diminished the concentration of insulin in plasma. IL-1β and insulin increased the uptake of glucose into macrophages, and insulin reinforced a pro-inflammatory pattern via the insulin receptor, glucose metabolism, production of reactive oxygen species, and secretion of IL-1β mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome. Postprandial inflammation might be limited by normalization of glycemia, since it was prevented by inhibition of the sodium-glucose cotransporter SGLT2. Our findings identify a physiological role for IL-1β and insulin in the regulation of both metabolism and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erez Dror
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elise Dalmas
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel T Meier
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Wueest
- Deptartment of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julien Thévenet
- Inserm, University Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Lille, France, and Translational Research for Diabetes, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Constanze Thienel
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Timper
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thierry M Nordmann
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shuyang Traub
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Friederike Schulze
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Flurin Item
- Deptartment of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Vallois
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francois Pattou
- Inserm, University Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Lille, France, and Translational Research for Diabetes, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- Inserm, University Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Lille, France, and Translational Research for Diabetes, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland, and University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Berney
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland, and University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Thorens
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Konrad
- Deptartment of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Böni-Schnetzler
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Y Donath
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Knuever J, Willenborg S, Ding X, Akyüz MD, Partridge L, Niessen CM, Brüning JC, Eming SA. Myeloid Cell-Restricted Insulin/IGF-1 Receptor Deficiency Protects against Skin Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:5296-5308. [PMID: 26519530 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cells are key regulators of tissue homeostasis and disease. Alterations in cell-autonomous insulin/IGF-1 signaling in myeloid cells have recently been implicated in the development of systemic inflammation and insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM). Impaired wound healing and inflammatory skin diseases are frequent DM-associated skin pathologies, yet the underlying mechanisms are elusive. In this study, we investigated whether myeloid cell-restricted IR/IGF-1R signaling provides a pathophysiologic link between systemic insulin resistance and the development of cutaneous inflammation. Therefore, we generated mice lacking both the insulin and IGF-1 receptor in myeloid cells (IR/IGF-1R(MKO)). Whereas the kinetics of wound closure following acute skin injury was similar in control and IR/IGF-1R(MKO) mice, in two different conditions of dermatitis either induced by repetitive topical applications of the detergent SDS or by high-dose UV B radiation, IR/IGF-1R(MKO) mice were protected from inflammation, whereas controls developed severe skin dermatitis. Notably, whereas during the early phase in both inflammatory conditions the induction of epidermal proinflammatory cytokine expression was similar in control and IR/IGF-1R(MKO) mice, during the late stage, epidermal cytokine expression was sustained in controls but virtually abrogated in IR/IGF-1R(MKO) mice. This distinct kinetic of epidermal cytokine expression was paralleled by proinflammatory macrophage activation in controls and a noninflammatory phenotype in mutants. Collectively, our findings provide evidence for a proinflammatory IR/IGF-1R-dependent pathway in myeloid cells that plays a critical role in the dynamics of an epidermal-dermal cross-talk in cutaneous inflammatory responses, and may add to the mechanistic understanding of diseases associated with disturbances in myeloid cell IR/IGF-1R signaling, including DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Knuever
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Xiaolei Ding
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mehmet D Akyüz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Linda Partridge
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carien M Niessen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabine A Eming
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
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8
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Grover HS, Luthra S. Molecular mechanisms involved in the bidirectional relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2013; 17:292-301. [PMID: 24049328 PMCID: PMC3768178 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.115642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Both diabetes and periodontitis are chronic diseases. Diabetes has many adverse effects on the periodontium, and conversely periodontitis may have deleterious effects further aggravating the condition in diabetics. The potential common pathophysiologic pathways include those associated with inflammation, altered host responses, altered tissue homeostasis, and insulin resistance. This review examines the relationship that exists between periodontal diseases and diabetes mellitus with a focus on potential common pathophysiologic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Singh Grover
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, SGT Dental College, Hospital and Research Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Shailly Luthra
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, SGT Dental College, Hospital and Research Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
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9
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Mauer J, Chaurasia B, Plum L, Quast T, Hampel B, Blüher M, Kolanus W, Kahn CR, Brüning JC. Myeloid cell-restricted insulin receptor deficiency protects against obesity-induced inflammation and systemic insulin resistance. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1000938. [PMID: 20463885 PMCID: PMC2865520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A major component of obesity-related insulin resistance is the establishment of a chronic inflammatory state with invasion of white adipose tissue by mononuclear cells. This results in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn leads to insulin resistance in target tissues such as skeletal muscle and liver. To determine the role of insulin action in macrophages and monocytes in obesity-associated insulin resistance, we conditionally inactivated the insulin receptor (IR) gene in myeloid lineage cells in mice (IR(Deltamyel)-mice). While these animals exhibit unaltered glucose metabolism on a normal diet, they are protected from the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance upon high fat feeding. Euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp studies demonstrate that this results from decreased basal hepatic glucose production and from increased insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, IR(Deltamyel)-mice exhibit decreased concentrations of circulating tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and thus reduced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity in skeletal muscle upon high fat feeding, reflecting a dramatic reduction of the chronic and systemic low-grade inflammatory state associated with obesity. This is paralleled by a reduced accumulation of macrophages in white adipose tissue due to a pronounced impairment of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 expression and activity in these cells. These data indicate that insulin action in myeloid cells plays an unexpected, critical role in the regulation of macrophage invasion into white adipose tissue and in the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mauer
- Department of Mouse Genetics and Metabolism, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bhagirath Chaurasia
- Department of Mouse Genetics and Metabolism, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Leona Plum
- Department of Mouse Genetics and Metabolism, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Quast
- Molecular Immune and Cell Biology Unit, Life and Medical Science Institute (LIMES), Bonn, Germany
| | - Brigitte Hampel
- Department of Mouse Genetics and Metabolism, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Waldemar Kolanus
- Molecular Immune and Cell Biology Unit, Life and Medical Science Institute (LIMES), Bonn, Germany
| | - C. Ronald Kahn
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jens C. Brüning
- Department of Mouse Genetics and Metabolism, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Second Department for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail:
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10
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Batista ML, Santos RVT, Oliveira EM, Seelaender MCL, Costa Rosa LFBP. Endurance training restores peritoneal macrophage function in post-MI congestive heart failure rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2007; 102:2033-9. [PMID: 17255373 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00871.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Congestive heart failure (CHF) induces a state of immune activation, and peritoneal macrophages (Mφs) may play an important role in the development and progression of one such condition. Moderate endurance training modulates peritoneal Mφ function. We evaluated the effect of endurance training on different stages of the phagocytic process and in the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) after LPS stimulation. Either ligation of the left coronary artery or Sham operations were performed in adult Wistar rats. After 4 wk, control (Sham operated) and MI (ligation of the left coronary artery) animals were randomly assigned to either a sedentary (Sham-operated sedentary, n = 7 and MI sedentary, n = 10) or a trained group (Sham-operated trained, n = 8 and MI trained, n = 8). Trained rats ran on a treadmill (0% grade at 13–20 m/min) for 60 min/day, 5 days/wk, for 8–10 wk, whereas sedentary rats had only limited activity. Training increased maximal oxygen uptake normalized for body weight (ml·kg−1·min−1), as well as skeletal muscle citrate synthase maximal activity, when compared with sedentary groups. The resident and total cell number, the chemotaxis index, and the production of TNF-α stimulated by LPS were significantly higher in the MI sedentary group when compared with the Sham sedentary group. Moderate endurance training reversed these alterations promoted by post-MI. These results demonstrate that moderate intensity exercise training modulates peritoneal Mφ function and induces beneficial metabolic effects in rats with post-MI CHF.
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Wohlers M, Xavier RAN, Oyama LM, Ribeiro EB, do Nascimento CMO, Casarini DE, Silveira VLF. Effect of fish or soybean oil-rich diets on bradykinin, kallikrein, nitric oxide, leptin, corticosterone and macrophages in carrageenan stimulated rats. Inflammation 2007; 29:81-9. [PMID: 16897355 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-006-9002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that both n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-rich diets decrease the acute inflammatory response partially explained by the high corticosterone basal levels. The present study aimed to determine the effect of hyperlipidic diets (PUFA n-3 or n-6) on phagocytosis, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and nitric oxide (NO) release by macrophages, bradykinin (BK) and NO release in the paw inflammatory perfusate and Kallikrein (KK), corticosterone and leptin blood levels. Hyperlipidic diets decreased H(2)O(2) release from macrophages stimulated by carrageenan or phorbol-miristate-acetate (PMA), NO release from macrophage stimulated by carrageenan, BK and NO release in the edema perfusate, KK plasma levels and the increase of serum leptin after carrageenan stimulus. These data show that both fish and soybean oil-rich diets promote similar alterations on inflammatory mediators of carrageenan edema and a causal association with the anti-inflammatory effect of these diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Wohlers
- Physiology Department, Federal University of São Paulo-EPM, Rua Botucatu 862-2 andar, Vila Clementino-CEP, São Paulo 04023-060, Brazil
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Djaldetti M, Salman H, Bergman M, Djaldetti R, Bessler H. Phagocytosis--the mighty weapon of the silent warriors. Microsc Res Tech 2002; 57:421-31. [PMID: 12112425 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.10096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Professional phagocytes, comprising polymorphonuclear neutrophils and monocyte/macrophage cells, play an important role in the host defense. Any defect in their function exposes the organism to microbial intruders terminating in fatal diseases. The functional responses of the phagocytes to bacterial and fungal infections include chemotaxis, actin assembly, migration, adhesion, aggregation, phagocytosis, degranulation, and reactive oxygen species production. Superoxide generation by phagocytic NADPH oxidase is an imperative step toward bacterial killing. Phagocytes participate in inflammatory reactions and exert tumoricidal activity. They are supported by serum factors such as immunoglobulins, cytokines, complement, the acute phase reactant C-reactive protein, production of antibacterial proteins, and others. In addition to their principal task to eliminate bacteria, they are engaged in removing damaged, senescent, and apoptotic cells. Engulfed cell debris, large particles such as latex beads, fat, and oil droplets, are examples of phagocytic activity illustrated in the present review with transmission and scanning electron microscope micrographs. Numerous factors, such as diseases and stressful conditions, affect the engulfing activity of the professional phagocytes. Our experience regarding the impaired phagocytic capacity of cells in patients with diabetes and chronic renal failure is discussed. The results obtained in our laboratory from experiments detecting the effect of strenuous physical exercise, hypothermia, fasting, and abdominal photon irradiation on the phagocytic capacity of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils and rat peritoneal macrophages are hereby summarized and the reports on those subjects in the recent literature are reviewed. A variety of assays are applied for quantifying phagocytosis. Flow cytometry based on incubation of phagocytic cells with fluorescent conjugated particles and measuring the amount of fluorescence as an indicator of the engulfing capacity of the cells is a useful method. A direct visualization of the ingested particles using light or electron microscopy is a valuable tool for estimation of phagocytic function. In our hands, the use of semithin sections of embedded phagocytes following their incubation with latex particles provided satisfactory results for measuring the total number of phagocytic cells, as well as the internalizing capacity of each individual cell. Microbiological assays, the nitroblue tetrazolium test, quantitation of antibody- and antigen-mediated phagocytosis, as well as methods reviewed in detail in other reports are additional applications for determination of this intricate process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meir Djaldetti
- Laboratory for Immunology and Hematology Research, Rabin Medical Center, Golda Campus, Petah Tiqva, Israel.
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Quiñones-Galvan A, Sironi AM, Baldi S, Galetta F, Garbin U, Fratta-Pasini A, Cominacini L, Ferrannini E. Evidence that acute insulin administration enhances LDL cholesterol susceptibility to oxidation in healthy humans. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19:2928-32. [PMID: 10591671 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.19.12.2928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased free radical production and hyperinsulinemia are thought to play a role in experimental and human atherosclerosis, but the relation between the 2 abnormalities has not been studied. In 23 healthy volunteers, we measured the susceptibility of circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol particles to in vitro copper sulfate oxidation (measured as the lag phase) and cell-mediated oxidative modification (measured as malondialdehyde generation in LDL during incubation with human umbilical vein endothelial cells), as well as the vitamin E content of LDL cholesterol at baseline and after 2 hours of physiological hyperinsulinemia (euglycemic insulin clamp). The lag time of LDL oxidation decreased from control values of 108+/-3 and 107+/-3 minutes (at baseline and after 2 hours of saline infusion) to 101+/-3 minutes after 2 hours of clamping (P<0.0001). At corresponding times, cell-mediated malondialdehyde generation in LDL rose from 4.96+/-0.11 and 4.98+/-0.10 to 5.28+/-0.10 nmol/L (P=0. 0006), whereas the LDL vitamin E content decreased from 6.78+/-0.06 and 6.77+/-0.06 to 6.64+/-0.06 microg/mg (P<0.04). The insulin-induced shortening of the lag phase was directly related to the decrement of vitamin E in LDL; furthermore, in subjects with higher baseline serum triglyceride levels, insulin induced a greater shortening of the lag phase than in subjects with low baseline triglycerides. We conclude that in healthy humans acute physiological hyperinsulinemia enhances the oxidative susceptibility of LDL cholesterol particles. This effect may have pathogenic significance for atherogenesis in insulin resistant states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Quiñones-Galvan
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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