1
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Wang XD, Zhu J, Wang DX. Intermolecular n→π* Interactions in Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300288. [PMID: 37609956 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The n→π* interactions describing attractive force between lone pairs (lps) of nucleophile and carbonyl or polarized unsaturated bonds have recently attracted growing attentions in various disciplines. So far, such non-covalent driving force are mainly concentrated to intramolecular systems. Intermolecular n→π* interactions in principle could produce fascinated supramolecular systems or facilitate organic reactions, however, they remain largely underexplored due to the very weak energy of individual interaction. This review attempts to give an overview of the challenging intermolecular n→π* interactions, much efforts emphasize the supramolecular systems, catalytic processes and spectroscopic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - De-Xian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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2
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Guo Q, Liao TH, Ye WJ, Liao WK, Zhou ZX, Ji C. SYNTHESIS, CRYSTAL STRUCTURE, AND DFT STUDY OF N-(2-FLUORO-4-(4,4,5,5- TETRAMETHYL-1,3,2-DIOXIN-2-YL)PHENYL)- 3-METHYL-BUTANAMIDE. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476622010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Zanatta N, Mittersteiner M, Aquino EC, Budragchaa T, Wessjohann LA, Bonacorso HG, Martins MAP. Synthesis of Methylene-Bridged Trifluoromethyl Azoles Using 5-(1,2,3-Triazol-1-yl)enones. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA protocol for synthesizing triazole-containing pyrazolines and pyrazoles selectively using trifluoromethylated 5-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)enones as starting materials, is reported. The selectivity of the reaction was controlled by the nature of the hydrazine or derivative used: free hydrazines furnished the 1,5-regiosiomer exclusively in yields up to 98%, whereas protected hydrazines provided the 1,3-regioisomer in yields up to 77%. To demonstrate the synthetic versatility of the triazole-based enone, reactions with other unsymmetrical dinucleophiles (hydroxylamine hydrochloride and S-methyl isothiourea sulfates) allowed the selective preparation of triazole-containing isoxazoline and pyrimidine rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilo Zanatta
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
| | - Mateus Mittersteiner
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry
| | - Estefania C. Aquino
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
| | | | | | - Helio G. Bonacorso
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
| | - Marcos A. P. Martins
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
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4
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Wirth NT, Nikel PI. Combinatorial pathway balancing provides biosynthetic access to 2-fluoro- cis, cis-muconate in engineered Pseudomonas putida. CHEM CATALYSIS 2021; 1:1234-1259. [PMID: 34977847 PMCID: PMC8711041 DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The wealth of bio-based building blocks produced by engineered microorganisms seldom include halogen atoms. Muconate is a platform chemical with a number of industrial applications that could be broadened by introducing fluorine atoms to tune its physicochemical properties. The soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida naturally assimilates benzoate via the ortho-cleavage pathway with cis,cis-muconate as intermediate. Here, we harnessed the native enzymatic machinery (encoded within the ben and cat gene clusters) to provide catalytic access to 2-fluoro-cis,cis-muconate (2-FMA) from fluorinated benzoates. The reactions in this pathway are highly imbalanced, leading to accumulation of toxic intermediates and limited substrate conversion. By disentangling regulatory patterns of ben and cat in response to fluorinated effectors, metabolic activities were adjusted to favor 2-FMA biosynthesis. After implementing this combinatorial approach, engineered P. putida converted 3-fluorobenzoate to 2-FMA at the maximum theoretical yield. Hence, this study illustrates how synthetic biology can expand the diversity of nature's biochemical catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas T Wirth
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Wang S, Urban MW. Self-Healable Fluorinated Copolymers Governed by Dipolar Interactions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101399. [PMID: 34231336 PMCID: PMC8425892 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although dipolar forces between copolymer chains are relatively weak, they result in ubiquitous inter- and/or intramolecular interactions which are particularly critical in achieving the mechanical integrity of polymeric materials. In this study, a route is developed to obtain self-healable properties in thermoplastic copolymers that rely on noncovalent dipolar interactions present in essentially all macromolecules and particularly fluorine-containing copolymers. The combination of dipolar interactions between C─F and C═O bonds as well as CH2 /CH3 entities facilitates self-healing without external intervention. The presence of dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, and induced-dipole induced dipole interactions leads to a viscoelastic response that controls macroscopic autonomous multicycle self-healing of fluorinated copolymers under ambient conditions. Energetically favorable dipolar forces attributed to monomer sequence and monomer molar ratios induces desirable copolymer tacticities, enabling entropic energy recovery stored during mechanical damage. The use of dipolar forces instead of chemical or physical modifications not only eliminates additional alternations enabling multiple damage-repair cycles but also provides further opportunity for designing self-healable commodity thermoplastics. These materials may offer numerous applications, ranging from the use in electronics, ion batteries, H2 fuel dispense hoses to self-healable pet toys, packaging, paints and coatings, and many others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringClemson UniversityClemsonSC29634USA
| | - Marek W. Urban
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringClemson UniversityClemsonSC29634USA
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6
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Richardson P. Applications of fluorine to the construction of bioisosteric elements for the purposes of novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1261-1286. [PMID: 34074189 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1933427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction There continues to be an exponential rise in the number of small molecule drugs that contain either a fluorine atom or a fluorinated fragment. While the unique properties of fluorine enable the precise modulation of a molecule's physicochemical properties, strategic bioisosteric replacement of fragments with fluorinated moieties represents an area of significant growth.Areas covered This review discusses the strategic employment of fluorine substitution in the design and development of bioisosteres in medicinal chemistry. In addition, the classic exploitation of trifluoroethylamine group as an amide bioisostere is discussed. In each of the case studies presented, emphasis is placed on the context-dependent influence of the fluorinated fragment on the overall properties/binding of the compound of interest.Expert opinion Whereas utilization of bioisosteric replacements to modify molecular structures is commonplace within drug discovery, the overarching lesson to be learned is that the chances of success with this strategy significantly increase as the knowledge of the structure/environment of the biological target grows. Coupled to this, breakthroughs and learnings achieved using bioisosteres within a specific program are context-based, and though may be helpful in guiding future intuition, will not necessarily be directly translated to future programs. Another important point is to bear in mind what implications a structural change based on a bioisosteric replacement will have on the candidate molecule. Finally, the development of new methods and reagents for the controlled regioselective introduction of fluorine and fluorinated moieties into biologically relevant compounds particularly in drug discovery remains a contemporary challenge in organic chemistry.
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Abula A, Xu Z, Zhu Z, Peng C, Chen Z, Zhu W, Aisa HA. Substitution Effect of the Trifluoromethyl Group on the Bioactivity in Medicinal Chemistry: Statistical Analysis and Energy Calculations. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:6242-6250. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Abula
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Beijing Road 40-1, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengdan Zhu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Beijing Road 40-1, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Mittersteiner M, Andrade VP, Bonacorso HG, Martins MAP, Zanatta N. The Wonderful World of β‐Enamino Diketones Chemistry. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Mittersteiner
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) Departmento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105‐900 Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Valquiria P. Andrade
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) Departmento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105‐900 Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Helio G. Bonacorso
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) Departmento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105‐900 Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Marcos A. P. Martins
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) Departmento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105‐900 Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Nilo Zanatta
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) Departmento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105‐900 Santa Maria RS Brazil
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9
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Andrade VP, Mittersteiner M, Bonacorso HG, Martins MAP, Zanatta N. Trifluoromethyl β‐Enamino Diketones as Dual Substrates for the Synthesis of 5‐Benzoyl‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidines and their Pyrimidin‐4(3
H
)‐one Analogues. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valquiria P. Andrade
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) Departmento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105‐900 Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Mateus Mittersteiner
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) Departmento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105‐900 Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Helio G. Bonacorso
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) Departmento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105‐900 Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Marcos A. P. Martins
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) Departmento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105‐900 Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Nilo Zanatta
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE) Departmento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105‐900 Santa Maria RS Brazil
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10
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Bulut H, Hattori SI, Aoki-Ogata H, Hayashi H, Das D, Aoki M, Davis DA, Rao KV, Nyalapatla PR, Ghosh AK, Mitsuya H. Single atom changes in newly synthesized HIV protease inhibitors reveal structural basis for extreme affinity, high genetic barrier, and adaptation to the HIV protease plasticity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10664. [PMID: 32606378 PMCID: PMC7326966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65993-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 protease inhibitors (PIs), such as darunavir (DRV), are the key component of antiretroviral therapy. However, HIV-1 often acquires resistance to PIs. Here, seven novel PIs were synthesized, by introducing single atom changes such as an exchange of a sulfur to an oxygen, scission of a single bond in P2′-cyclopropylaminobenzothiazole (or -oxazole), and/or P1-benzene ring with fluorine scan of mono- or bis-fluorine atoms around DRV’s scaffold. X-ray structural analyses of the PIs complexed with wild-type Protease (PRWT) and highly-multi-PI-resistance-associated PRDRVRP51 revealed that the PIs better adapt to structural plasticity in PR with resistance-associated amino acid substitutions by formation of optimal sulfur bond and adaptation of cyclopropyl ring in the S2′-subsite. Furthermore, these PIs displayed increased cell permeability and extreme anti-HIV-1 potency compared to DRV. Our work provides the basis for developing novel PIs with high potency against PI-resistant HIV-1 variants with a high genetic barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydar Bulut
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, MD, United States
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hattori
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Hiromi Aoki-Ogata
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, MD, United States
| | - Hironori Hayashi
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.,Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, 980-8575, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Debananda Das
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, MD, United States
| | - Manabu Aoki
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, MD, United States
| | - David A Davis
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, MD, United States
| | - Kalapala Venkateswara Rao
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, United States
| | - Prasanth R Nyalapatla
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, United States
| | - Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, United States
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, MD, United States. .,Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan. .,Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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11
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York GD, Siegler MA, Patel DD, Lectka T. Synthesis and X-Ray crystallography of a substituted trityl fluoride: Ordering power of a C-F bond. J Fluor Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2019.109377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Bychek RM, Hutskalova V, Bas YP, Zaporozhets OA, Zozulya S, Levterov VV, Mykhailiuk PK. Difluoro-Substituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes for Medicinal Chemistry: Design, Synthesis, and Characterization. J Org Chem 2019; 84:15106-15117. [PMID: 31553875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A practical synthetic approach to the difluoro-substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes was developed. The key step was an addition of difluorocarbene (:CF2) to electron-rich bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes by the CF3TMS/NaI system. The obtained difluoro-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes are suggested to be used as saturated bioisosteres of benzene rings for the purpose of drug discovery projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman M Bychek
- Enamine Ltd. , Chervonotkatska 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine
| | - Valeriia Hutskalova
- Enamine Ltd. , Chervonotkatska 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Chemistry Department , Volodymyrska 64 , Kyiv 01601 , Ukraine
| | - Yuliya P Bas
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Chemistry Department , Volodymyrska 64 , Kyiv 01601 , Ukraine
| | - Olga A Zaporozhets
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Chemistry Department , Volodymyrska 64 , Kyiv 01601 , Ukraine
| | - Sergey Zozulya
- Enamine Ltd. , Chervonotkatska 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine.,Bienta , Chervonotkatska 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine
| | | | - Pavel K Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd. , Chervonotkatska 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Chemistry Department , Volodymyrska 64 , Kyiv 01601 , Ukraine
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13
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Abstract
The article discusses the basic properties of fluorine atom that have made it so useful in drug development. It presents several examples of therapeutically useful drugs acting against many life-threatening diseases along with the mechanism as to how fluorine influences the drug activity. It has been pointed out that fluorine, due to its ability to increase the lipophilicity of the molecule, greatly affects the hydrophobic interaction between the drug molecule and the receptor. Because of its small size, it hardly produces any steric effect, rather due to electronic properties enters into electrostatic and hydrogen-bond interactions. Thus, it greatly affects the drug-receptor interaction and leads to increase the activity of the drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Prakash Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut 250005, India
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14
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Katsuta H, Nomura M, Wakita T, Daido H, Kobayashi Y, Kawahara A, Banba S. Discovery of broflanilide, a novel insecticide. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2019; 44:120-128. [PMID: 31148938 PMCID: PMC6529746 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d18-088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Broflanilide (1), discovered by Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc., has a unique chemical structure characterized as a meta-diamide and exhibits high activity against various pests, including Lepidopteran, Coleopteran, and Thysanopteran pests. Because broflanilide has a novel mode of action, the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) categorized it as a member of a new group: Group 30. The meta-diamide structure was generated via drastic structural modification of a lead compound, flubendiamide (2), and the subsequent structural optimization of meta-diamides on each of its three benzene rings led to the discovery of broflanilide. In the present study, the details of the generation of meta-diamides from the lead compound and the structural optimization of meta-diamides are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Katsuta
- Corporate Planning Department, Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Michikazu Nomura
- Research and Development Division, Agrochemicals Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc
| | - Takeo Wakita
- Research and Development Division, Agrochemicals Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc
| | - Hidenori Daido
- International Business Division, Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc
| | - Yumi Kobayashi
- Research and Development Division, Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc
| | - Atsuko Kawahara
- Research and Development Division, Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc
| | - Shinichi Banba
- Research and Development Division, Agrochemicals Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc
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15
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Alcívar León CD, Echeverría GA, Piro OE, Ulic SE, Jios JL, Luna Tapia CA, Mera Guzmán MF. New thiourea and urea derivatives containing trifluoromethyl- and bis-triflouromethyl-4H-chromen-3-yl substituents. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1514132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. D. Alcívar León
- Centro de Investigación de Alimentos, CIAL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería e Industrias, Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Quito, Ecuador
| | - G. A. Echeverría
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata e IFLP (CONICET, CCT-La Plata), La Plata, Argentina
| | - O. E. Piro
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata e IFLP (CONICET, CCT-La Plata), La Plata, Argentina
| | - S. E. Ulic
- CEQUINOR (CONICET-UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, República Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Buenos Aires, República Argentina
| | - J. L. Jios
- UNIDAD PLAPIMU-LASEISIC (UNLP-CIC), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - C. A. Luna Tapia
- Centro de Investigación de Alimentos, CIAL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería e Industrias, Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Quito, Ecuador
| | - M. F. Mera Guzmán
- Centro de Investigación de Alimentos, CIAL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería e Industrias, Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Quito, Ecuador
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16
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Robalo JR, Vila Verde A. Unexpected trends in the hydrophobicity of fluorinated amino acids reflect competing changes in polarity and conformation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:2029-2038. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07025c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The hydration free energy of fluorinated amino acids is calculated with molecular simulations and explained with an analytical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- João R. Robalo
- Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Theory & Bio-systems
- Science Park
- Potsdam 14424
- Germany
| | - Ana Vila Verde
- Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Theory & Bio-systems
- Science Park
- Potsdam 14424
- Germany
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17
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Steinebach C, Ambrożak A, Dosa S, Beedie SL, Strope JD, Schnakenburg G, Figg WD, Gütschow M. Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Antiangiogenic Activity of Polyfluorinated Benzamides. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2080-2089. [PMID: 30134015 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of fluorine into bioactive molecules is a matter of importance in medicinal chemistry. In this study, representatives of various chemical entities of fluoroaromatic compounds were synthesized. Depending on the reaction conditions, either tetrafluorophthalimides or ammonium tetrafluorophthalamates are accessible from tetrafluorophthalic anhydride and primary amines. Tetrafluorophthalamic acids undergo thermal decarboxylation to yield tetrafluorobenzamides. These could be successfully converted upon treatment with primary amines, in the course of an aromatic nucleophilic substitution, to 2,3,5-trifluorobenzamides with respective amino substituents at the 4-position. The five structure types were characterized by means of spectroscopic and crystallographic methods. The synthesized compounds were evaluated as inhibitors of angiogenesis by measuring microvessel outgrowth in a rat aortic ring assay. The biological activity was maintained throughout these different polyfluorinated chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steinebach
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Ambrożak
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Dosa
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shaunna L Beedie
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jonathan D Strope
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - William D Figg
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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18
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Dato FM, Sheikh M, Uhl RZ, Schüller AW, Steinkrüger M, Koch P, Neudörfl JM, Gütschow M, Goldfuss B, Pietsch M. ω-Phthalimidoalkyl Aryl Ureas as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Cholesterol Esterase. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1833-1847. [PMID: 30004170 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol esterase (CEase), a serine hydrolase thought to be involved in atherogenesis and thus coronary heart disease, is considered as a target for inhibitor development. We investigated recombinant human and murine CEases with a new fluorometric assay in a structure-activity relationship study of a small library of ω-phthalimidoalkyl aryl ureas. The urea motif with an attached 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group and the aromatic character of the ω-phthalimide residue were most important for inhibitory activity. In addition, an alkyl chain composed of three or four methylene groups, connecting the urea and phthalimide moieties, was found to be an optimal spacer for inhibitors. The so-optimized compounds 2 [1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propyl)urea] and 21 [1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butyl)urea] exhibited dissociation constants (Ki ) of 1-19 μm on the two CEases and showed either a competitive (2 on the human enzyme and 21 on the murine enzyme) or a noncompetitive mode of inhibition. Two related serine hydrolases-monoacylglycerol lipase and fatty acid amide hydrolase-were inhibited by ω-phthalimidoalkyl aryl ureas to a lesser extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Dato
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Miriam Sheikh
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rocky Z Uhl
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra W Schüller
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michaela Steinkrüger
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Koch
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg-Martin Neudörfl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Pietsch
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
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19
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Selva V, Selva E, Merino P, Nájera C, Sansano JM. Sequential Metal-Free Thermal 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Unactivated Azomethine Ylides. Org Lett 2018; 20:3522-3526. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Selva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Elisabet Selva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Medalchemy, S. L. Avenida Ancha de Castelar, 46-EA, San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro Merino
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI). Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Nájera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
| | - José M. Sansano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), 03080 Alicante, Spain
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20
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Chávez-Riveros A, Cruz Noriega A, Ramírez Apan MT, Miranda LD, Bratoeff E. Synthesis and cytotoxic effect of pregnenolone derivatives with one or two α,β-unsaturated carbonyls and an ester moiety at C-21 or C-3. Steroids 2018; 131:37-45. [PMID: 29360536 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Four series of pregnenolone derivatives having one or two α,β-unsaturated carbonyls and an ester moiety at C-21 or C-3 were synthetized to compare their cytotoxicity effect. The final compounds were evaluated on three human cancer cell lines: PC-3 (prostate cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), SKLU-1 (lung cancer) and a noncancerous cell line HGF (human gingival fibroblast). Two steroids with a 4-fluorinated benzoic acid ester at C-21 were the most active against lung cancer cell line with IC50 of 13.1 ± 1.2 and 12.8 ± 0.5 μM and showed a low percentage of cytotoxicity for noncancerous cells (27.63 ± 2.3 and 18.39 ± 1.2% in the screening at 50 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Chávez-Riveros
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Cd.Mx., Mexico.
| | - Abigail Cruz Noriega
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, 04510 Cd.Mx., Mexico
| | - María Teresa Ramírez Apan
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Cd.Mx., Mexico
| | - Luis D Miranda
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Cd.Mx., Mexico
| | - Eugene Bratoeff
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, 04510 Cd.Mx., Mexico
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21
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Meanwell NA. Fluorine and Fluorinated Motifs in the Design and Application of Bioisosteres for Drug Design. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5822-5880. [PMID: 29400967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1288] [Impact Index Per Article: 214.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The electronic properties and relatively small size of fluorine endow it with considerable versatility as a bioisostere and it has found application as a substitute for lone pairs of electrons, the hydrogen atom, and the methyl group while also acting as a functional mimetic of the carbonyl, carbinol, and nitrile moieties. In this context, fluorine substitution can influence the potency, conformation, metabolism, membrane permeability, and P-gp recognition of a molecule and temper inhibition of the hERG channel by basic amines. However, as a consequence of the unique properties of fluorine, it features prominently in the design of higher order structural metaphors that are more esoteric in their conception and which reflect a more sophisticated molecular construction that broadens biological mimesis. In this Perspective, applications of fluorine in the construction of bioisosteric elements designed to enhance the in vitro and in vivo properties of a molecule are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Meanwell
- Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development P.O. Box 4000, Princeton , New Jersey 08543-4000 , United States
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22
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Ferreira de Freitas R, Schapira M. A systematic analysis of atomic protein-ligand interactions in the PDB. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1970-1981. [PMID: 29308120 PMCID: PMC5708362 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00381a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As the protein databank (PDB) recently passed the cap of 123 456 structures, it stands more than ever as an important resource not only to analyze structural features of specific biological systems, but also to study the prevalence of structural patterns observed in a large body of unrelated structures, that may reflect rules governing protein folding or molecular recognition. Here, we compiled a list of 11 016 unique structures of small-molecule ligands bound to proteins - 6444 of which have experimental binding affinity - representing 750 873 protein-ligand atomic interactions, and analyzed the frequency, geometry and impact of each interaction type. We find that hydrophobic interactions are generally enriched in high-efficiency ligands, but polar interactions are over-represented in fragment inhibitors. While most observations extracted from the PDB will be familiar to seasoned medicinal chemists, less expected findings, such as the high number of C-H···O hydrogen bonds or the relatively frequent amide-π stacking between the backbone amide of proteins and aromatic rings of ligands, uncover underused ligand design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthieu Schapira
- Structural Genomics Consortium , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON M5G 1L7 , Canada .
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON M5S 1A8 , Canada
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23
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Xing L, Keefer C, Brown MF. Fluorine multipolar interaction: Toward elucidating its energetics in binding recognition. J Fluor Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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24
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Manley PW, Stiefl NJ. Progress in the Discovery of BCR-ABL Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Leukemia. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2017_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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McCluskey GD, Mohamady S, Taylor SD, Bearne SL. Exploring the Potent Inhibition of CTP Synthase by Gemcitabine-5'-Triphosphate. Chembiochem 2016; 17:2240-2249. [PMID: 27643605 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
CTP synthase (CTPS) catalyzes the conversion of UTP to CTP and is a target for the development of antiviral, anticancer, antiprotozoal, and immunosuppressive agents. Exposure of cell lines to the antineoplastic cytidine analogue gemcitabine causes depletion of intracellular CTP levels, but the direct inhibition of CTPS by its metabolite gemcitabine-5'-triphosphate (dF-dCTP) has not been demonstrated. We show that dF-dCTP is a potent competitive inhibitor of Escherichia coli CTPS with respect to UTP [Ki =(3.0±0.1) μm], and that its binding affinity exceeds that of CTP ≈75-fold. Site-directed mutagenesis studies indicated that Glu149 is an important binding determinant for both CTP and dF-dCTP. Comparison of the binding affinities of the 5'-triphosphates of 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine and 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxyarabinocytidine revealed that the 2'-F-arabino group contributes markedly to the strong binding of dF-dCTP. Geminal 2'-F substitution on UTP (dF-dUTP) did not result in an increase in binding affinity with CTPS. Remarkably, CTPS catalyzed the conversion of dF-dUTP into dF-dCTP, thus suggesting that dF-dCTP might be regenerated in vivo from its catabolite dF-dUTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D McCluskey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Samy Mohamady
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, 11837, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Scott D Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Stephen L Bearne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
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26
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Pyrazole-based potent inhibitors of GGT1: Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:666-676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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27
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Abbas Y, Mansha M, Ullah N. The first total synthesis of potent antitumoral (±)-mafaicheenamine A, unnatural 6-fluoromafaicheenamine A and expedient synthesis of clausine E. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03242g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first total synthesis of potent antitumoral mafaicheenamine A (1) and its unnatural analogue, 6-fluoromafaicheenamine A (2) have been accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Abbas
- Chemistry Department
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Mansha
- Chemistry Department
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran
- Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology
| | - Nisar Ullah
- Chemistry Department
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran
- Saudi Arabia
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28
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Lauber BS, Hardegger LA, Asraful AK, Lund BA, Dumele O, Harder M, Kuhn B, Engh RA, Diederich F. Addressing the Glycine-Rich Loop of Protein Kinases by a Multi-Facetted Interaction Network: Inhibition of PKA and a PKB Mimic. Chemistry 2015; 22:211-21. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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29
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Beck ME, Gutbrod O, Matthiesen S. Insight into the Binding Mode of Agonists of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor from Calculated Electron Densities. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:2760-2767. [PMID: 26175091 PMCID: PMC4576818 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are among the most prominent and most economically important insecticide targets. Thus, an understanding of the modes of binding of respective agonists is important for the design of specific compounds with favorable vertebrate profiles. In the case of nAChRs, the lack of available high-resolution X-ray structures leaves theoretical considerations as the only viable option. Starting from classical homology and docking approaches, binding mode hypotheses are created for five agonists of the nAChR, covering insecticides in the main group 4 of the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) mode of action (MoA) classification, namely, neonicotinoids, nicotine, sulfoxaflor, and butenolides. To better understand these binding modes, the topologies of calculated electron densities of small-model systems are analyzed in the framework of the quantum theory of atoms in molecules. The theoretically obtained modes of binding are very much in line with the biology-driven IRAC MoA classification of the investigated ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Beck
- Head of Computational Science, Bayer CropScience AG, R&D-SMR-RT-Computational Science, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 5040789 Monheim am Rhein (Germany)
| | - Oliver Gutbrod
- Molecular Modelling, Bayer CropScience AG, R&D-SMR-RT-Computational Science, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 5040789 Monheim am Rhein (Germany)
| | - Svend Matthiesen
- Molecular Modelling, Bayer CropScience AG, R&D-SMR-RT-Computational Science, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 5040789 Monheim am Rhein (Germany)
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30
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Pollock J, Borkin D, Lund G, Purohit T, Dyguda-Kazimierowicz E, Grembecka J, Cierpicki T. Rational Design of Orthogonal Multipolar Interactions with Fluorine in Protein-Ligand Complexes. J Med Chem 2015; 58:7465-74. [PMID: 26288158 PMCID: PMC4584387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Multipolar interactions involving
fluorine and the protein backbone
have been frequently observed in protein–ligand complexes.
Such fluorine–backbone interactions may substantially contribute
to the high affinity of small molecule inhibitors. Here we found that
introduction of trifluoromethyl groups into two different sites in
the thienopyrimidine class of menin–MLL inhibitors considerably
improved their inhibitory activity. In both cases, trifluoromethyl
groups are engaged in short interactions with the backbone of menin.
In order to understand the effect of fluorine, we synthesized a series
of analogues by systematically changing the number of fluorine atoms,
and we determined high-resolution crystal structures of the complexes
with menin. We found that introduction of fluorine at favorable geometry
for interactions with backbone carbonyls may improve the activity
of menin–MLL inhibitors as much as 5- to 10-fold. In order
to facilitate the design of multipolar fluorine–backbone interactions
in protein–ligand complexes, we developed a computational algorithm
named FMAP, which calculates fluorophilic sites in proximity to the
protein backbone. We demonstrated that FMAP could be used to rationalize
improvement in the activity of known protein inhibitors upon introduction
of fluorine. Furthermore, FMAP may also represent a valuable tool
for designing new fluorine substitutions and support ligand optimization
in drug discovery projects. Analysis of the menin–MLL inhibitor
complexes revealed that the backbone in secondary structures is particularly
accessible to the interactions with fluorine. Considering that secondary
structure elements are frequently exposed at protein interfaces, we
postulate that multipolar fluorine–backbone interactions may
represent a particularly attractive approach to improve inhibitors
of protein–protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pollock
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Dmitry Borkin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - George Lund
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Trupta Purohit
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Edyta Dyguda-Kazimierowicz
- Molecular Modeling and Quantum Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology , Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jolanta Grembecka
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Tomasz Cierpicki
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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31
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Kooriyaden FR, Sujatha S, Arunkumar C. Synthesis, spectral, structural and antimicrobial studies of fluorinated porphyrins. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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32
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Abstract
The role of fluorine in drug design and development is expanding rapidly as we learn more about the unique properties associated with this unusual element and how to deploy it with greater sophistication. The judicious introduction of fluorine into a molecule can productively influence conformation, pKa, intrinsic potency, membrane permeability, metabolic pathways, and pharmacokinetic properties. In addition, (18)F has been established as a useful positron emitting isotope for use with in vivo imaging technology that potentially has extensive application in drug discovery and development, often limited only by convenient synthetic accessibility to labeled compounds. The wide ranging applications of fluorine in drug design are providing a strong stimulus for the development of new synthetic methodologies that allow more facile access to a wide range of fluorinated compounds. In this review, we provide an update on the effects of the strategic incorporation of fluorine in drug molecules and applications in positron emission tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Gillis
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Kyle J Eastman
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Matthew D Hill
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - David J Donnelly
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms, PET Radiochemical Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
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33
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The Bright Future of Unconventional σ/π-Hole Interactions. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:2496-517. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 475] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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34
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Cormanich RA, Rittner R, O'Hagan D, Bühl M. Inter- and intramolecular CF···C=O interactions on aliphatic and cyclohexane carbonyl derivatives. J Comput Chem 2015; 37:25-33. [PMID: 25903504 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Weak inter- and intra- molecular C(δ+)F(δ-)···C(δ+)=O(δ-) interactions were theoretically evaluated in 4 different sets of compounds at different theoretical levels. Intermolecular CH3F···C=O interactions were stabilizing by about 1 kcal mol(-1) for various carbonyl containing functional groups. Intramolecular CF···C=O interactions were also detected in aliphatic and fluorinated cyclohexane carbonyl derivatives. However, the stabilization provided by intramolecular CF···C=O interactions was not enough to govern the conformational preferences of compounds 2-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Cormanich
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, United Kingdom.,Chemistry Institute, State University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Rittner
- Chemistry Institute, State University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - David O'Hagan
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Bühl
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY169ST, United Kingdom
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Nagar M, Wyatt BN, St Maurice M, Bearne SL. Inactivation of Mandelate Racemase by 3-Hydroxypyruvate Reveals a Potential Mechanistic Link between Enzyme Superfamilies. Biochemistry 2015; 54:2747-57. [PMID: 25844917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mandelate racemase (MR), a member of the enolase superfamily, catalyzes the Mg(2+)-dependent interconversion of the enantiomers of mandelate. Several α-keto acids are modest competitive inhibitors of MR [e.g., mesoxalate (Ki = 1.8 ± 0.3 mM) and 3-fluoropyruvate (Ki = 1.3 ± 0.1 mM)], but, surprisingly, 3-hydroxypyruvate (3-HP) is an irreversible, time-dependent inhibitor (kinact/KI = 83 ± 8 M(-1) s(-1)). Protection from inactivation by the competitive inhibitor benzohydroxamate, trypsinolysis and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analyses, and X-ray crystallographic studies reveal that 3-HP undergoes Schiff-base formation with Lys 166 at the active site, followed by formation of an aldehyde/enol(ate) adduct. Such a reaction is unprecedented in the enolase superfamily and may be a relic of an activity possessed by a promiscuous progenitor enzyme. The ability of MR to form and deprotonate a Schiff-base intermediate furnishes a previously unrecognized mechanistic link to other α/β-barrel enzymes utilizing Schiff-base chemistry and is in accord with the sequence- and structure-based hypothesis that members of the metal-dependent enolase superfamily and the Schiff-base-forming N-acetylneuraminate lyase superfamily and aldolases share a common ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh Nagar
- †Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Brittney N Wyatt
- ‡Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Martin St Maurice
- ‡Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Stephen L Bearne
- †Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.,§Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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Xing L, Blakemore DC, Narayanan A, Unwalla R, Lovering F, Denny RA, Zhou H, Bunnage ME. Fluorine in Drug Design: A Case Study with Fluoroanisoles. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:715-26. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Persch E, Dumele O, Diederich F. Molekulare Erkennung in chemischen und biologischen Systemen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Persch E, Dumele O, Diederich F. Molecular recognition in chemical and biological systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:3290-327. [PMID: 25630692 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Structure-based ligand design in medicinal chemistry and crop protection relies on the identification and quantification of weak noncovalent interactions and understanding the role of water. Small-molecule and protein structural database searches are important tools to retrieve existing knowledge. Thermodynamic profiling, combined with X-ray structural and computational studies, is the key to elucidate the energetics of the replacement of water by ligands. Biological receptor sites vary greatly in shape, conformational dynamics, and polarity, and require different ligand-design strategies, as shown for various case studies. Interactions between dipoles have become a central theme of molecular recognition. Orthogonal interactions, halogen bonding, and amide⋅⋅⋅π stacking provide new tools for innovative lead optimization. The combination of synthetic models and biological complexation studies is required to gather reliable information on weak noncovalent interactions and the role of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Persch
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
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Lou Y, Sweeney ZK, Kuglstatter A, Davis D, Goldstein DM, Han X, Hong J, Kocer B, Kondru RK, Litman R, McIntosh J, Sarma K, Suh J, Taygerly J, Owens TD. Finding the perfect spot for fluorine: Improving potency up to 40-fold during a rational fluorine scan of a Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) inhibitor scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:367-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wilkinson SM, Banister SD, Kassiou M. Bioisosteric Fluorine in the Clandestine Design of Synthetic Cannabinoids. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, a plethora of indole-based synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) have emerged with their structures clearly inspired by scientific literature. Their structures continually evolve to elude detection by law enforcement and circumvent finite scheduling laws. The latest generation of SCs follow patent literature that encompasses a bioisosteric fluorine-for-hydrogen replacement commonly applied in medicinal chemistry. Unlike traditional pharmaceutical development, where rigorous preclinical evaluation is completed before human administration, these SCs are distributed for intended recreational consumption with little-to-no pharmacological data known. This highlight explores the evolution of SCs to this latest generation of fluorinated SCs where accumulating evidence indicates increased health concerns.
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Hou J, Zhao W, Huang ZN, Yang SM, Wang LJ, Jiang Y, Zhou ZS, Zheng MY, Jiang JL, Li SH, Li FN. Evaluation of Novel N-(piperidine-4-yl)benzamide Derivatives as Potential Cell Cycle Inhibitors in HepG2 Cells. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 86:223-31. [PMID: 25430863 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a series of novel N-(piperidine-4-yl)benzamide derivatives was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for antitumor activity. Some compounds were found to have potent antitumor activity. In particular, compound 47 showed the most potent biological activity against HepG2 cells, with an IC50 value of 0.25 μm. Western blot analysis demonstrated that compound 47 inhibited the expression of cyclin B1 and p-Rb and enhanced the expression of p21, p53, Rb, and phospho-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK). Further, cell cycle arrest was observed by flow cytometry (FCM). In summary, compound 47 was screened to have potential activity for the treatment of hepatocarcinoma via the induction of cell cycle arrest by a p53/p21-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhi-Ning Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shao-Mei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Outpatient, Air Force of Chengdu Military Command, 87 New South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhong-Shi Zhou
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences of Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Man-Yi Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Ji-Li Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shan-Hua Li
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences of Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Fu-Nan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, 361102, China
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Cierpicki T, Grembecka J. Challenges and opportunities in targeting the menin-MLL interaction. Future Med Chem 2014; 6:447-62. [PMID: 24635524 PMCID: PMC4138051 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.13.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Menin is an essential co-factor of oncogenic MLL fusion proteins and the menin-MLL interaction is critical for development of acute leukemia in vivo. Targeting the menin-MLL interaction with small molecules represents an attractive strategy to develop new anticancer agents. Recent developments, including determination of menin crystal structure and development of potent small molecule and peptidomimetic inhibitors, demonstrate the feasibility of targeting the menin-MLL interaction. On the other hand, biochemical and structural studies revealed that MLL binds to menin in a complex bivalent mode engaging two MLL motifs, and therefore inhibition of this protein-protein interaction represents a challenge. This review summarizes the most recent achievements in targeting the menin-MLL interaction as well as discusses potential benefits of blocking menin in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Cierpicki
- Author for correspondence: Tel.: +1 734 615 9324, Fax: +1 734 615 0688,
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Meanwell NA. The Influence of Bioisosteres in Drug Design: Tactical Applications to Address Developability Problems. TACTICS IN CONTEMPORARY DRUG DESIGN 2014; 9. [PMCID: PMC7416817 DOI: 10.1007/7355_2013_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The application of bioisosteres in drug discovery is a well-established design concept that has demonstrated utility as an approach to solving a range of problems that affect candidate optimization, progression, and durability. In this chapter, the application of isosteric substitution is explored in a fashion that focuses on the development of practical solutions to problems that are encountered in typical optimization campaigns. The role of bioisosteres to affect intrinsic potency and selectivity, influence conformation, solve problems associated with drug developability, including P-glycoprotein recognition, modulating basicity, solubility, and lipophilicity, and to address issues associated with metabolism and toxicity is used as the underlying theme to capture a spectrum of creative applications of structural emulation in the design of drug candidates.
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Hyohdoh I, Furuichi N, Aoki T, Itezono Y, Shirai H, Ozawa S, Watanabe F, Matsushita M, Sakaitani M, Ho PS, Takanashi K, Harada N, Tomii Y, Yoshinari K, Ori K, Tabo M, Aoki Y, Shimma N, Iikura H. Fluorine Scanning by Nonselective Fluorination: Enhancing Raf/MEK Inhibition while Keeping Physicochemical Properties. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:1059-63. [PMID: 24900605 DOI: 10.1021/ml4002419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile methodology effective in obtaining a set of compounds monofluorinated at various positions (fluorine scan) by chemical synthesis is reported. Direct and nonselective fluorination reactions of our lead compound 1a and key intermediate 2a worked efficiently to afford a total of six monofluorinated derivatives. All of the derivatives kept their physicochemical properties compared with the lead 1a and one of them had enhanced Raf/MEK inhibitory activity. Keeping physicochemical properties could be considered a benefit of monofluorinated derivatives compared with chlorinated derivatives, iodinated derivatives, methylated derivatives, etc. This key finding led to the identification of compound 14d, which had potent tumor growth inhibition in a xenograft model, excellent PK profiles in three animal species, and no critical toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikumi Hyohdoh
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Furuichi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Aoki
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Itezono
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Haruyoshi Shirai
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Sawako Ozawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Fumio Watanabe
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsushita
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakaitani
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Pil-Su Ho
- C&C Research Laboratories, DRC Natural Sciences Campus, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Kenji Takanashi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Naoki Harada
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Yasushi Tomii
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yoshinari
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Kazutomo Ori
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Tabo
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Yuko Aoki
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Nobuo Shimma
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iikura
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
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Lübke M, Jung M, Haufe G. New histone deacetylase inhibitors based on 4-fluoro-2-amino acid esters: Synthesis and activity. J Fluor Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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47
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Liang T, Neumann CN, Ritter T. Introduction of fluorine and fluorine-containing functional groups. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:8214-64. [PMID: 23873766 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1953] [Impact Index Per Article: 177.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the most significant, conceptual advances in the field of fluorination were enabled most prominently by organo- and transition-metal catalysis. The most challenging transformation remains the formation of the parent C-F bond, primarily as a consequence of the high hydration energy of fluoride, strong metal-fluorine bonds, and highly polarized bonds to fluorine. Most fluorination reactions still lack generality, predictability, and cost-efficiency. Despite all current limitations, modern fluorination methods have made fluorinated molecules more readily available than ever before and have begun to have an impact on research areas that do not require large amounts of material, such as drug discovery and positron emission tomography. This Review gives a brief summary of conventional fluorination reactions, including those reactions that introduce fluorinated functional groups, and focuses on modern developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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49
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Kamer KJ, Choudhary A, Raines RT. Intimate interactions with carbonyl groups: dipole-dipole or n→π*? J Org Chem 2013; 78:2099-103. [PMID: 23163960 PMCID: PMC3586291 DOI: 10.1021/jo302265k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amide carbonyl groups in proteins can engage in C═O···C═O and C-X···C═O interactions, where X is a halogen. The putative involvement of four poles suggests that these interactions are primarily dipolar. Our survey of crystal structures with a C-X···C═O contact that is short (i.e., within the sum of the X and C van der Waals radii) revealed no preferred C-X···C═O dihedral angle. Moreover, we found that structures with a short X(-)···C═O contact display the signatures of an n→π* interaction. We conclude that intimate interactions with carbonyl groups do not require a dipole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberli J. Kamer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ronald T. Raines
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Duveau DY, Hu X, Walsh MJ, Shukla S, Skoumbourdis AP, Boxer MB, Ambudkar SV, Shen M, Thomas CJ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of analogues of the kinase inhibitor nilotinib as Abl and Kit inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:682-6. [PMID: 23273517 PMCID: PMC3547291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the trifluoromethyl group in the polypharmacological profile of nilotinib was investigated. Molecular editing of nilotinib led to the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of analogues where the trifluoromethyl group was replaced by a proton, fluorine and a methyl group. While these analogues were less active than nilotinib toward Abl, their activity toward Kit was comparable, with the monofluorinated analogue being the most active. Docking of nilotinib and of analogues 2a-c to the binding pocket of Abl and of Kit showed that the lack of shape complementarity in Kit is compensated by the stabilizing effect from its juxtamembrane region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Y Duveau
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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