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Wang CS, Xu Y, Wang SP, Zheng CL, Wang G, Sun Q. Recent advances in selective mono-/dichalcogenation and exclusive dichalcogenation of C(sp 2)-H and C(sp 3)-H bonds. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:645-681. [PMID: 38180073 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01847d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Organochalcogen compounds are prevalent in numerous natural products, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, polymers, biological molecules and synthetic intermediates. Direct chalcogenation of C-H bonds has evolved as a step- and atom-economical method for the synthesis of chalcogen-bearing compounds. Nevertheless, direct C-H chalcogenation severely lags behind C-C, C-N and C-O bond formations. Moreover, compared with the C-H monochalcogenation, reports of selective mono-/dichalcogenation and exclusive dichalcogenation of C-H bonds are relatively scarce. The past decade has witnessed significant advancements in selective mono-/dichalcogenation and exclusive dichalcogenation of various C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H bonds via transition-metal-catalyzed/mediated, photocatalytic, electrochemical or metal-free approaches. In light of the significance of both mono- and dichalcogen-containing compounds in various fields of chemical science and the critical issue of chemoselectivity in organic synthesis, the present review systematically summarizes the advances in these research fields, with a special focus on elucidating scopes and mechanistic aspects. Moreover, the synthetic limitations, applications of some of these processes, the current challenges and our own perspectives on these highly active research fields are also discussed. Based on the substrate types and C-H bonds being chalcogenated, the present review is organized into four sections: (1) transition-metal-catalyzed/mediated chelation-assisted selective C-H mono-/dichalcogenation or exclusive dichalcogenation of (hetero)arenes; (2) directing group-free selective C-H mono-/dichalcogenation or exclusive dichalcogenation of electron-rich (hetero)arenes; (3) C(sp3)-H dichalcogenation; (4) dichalcogenation of both C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H bonds. We believe the present review will serve as an invaluable resource for future innovations and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sheng Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Yuan Xu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore.
| | - Shao-Peng Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Chun-Ling Zheng
- School of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Guowei Wang
- School of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Qiao Sun
- School of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, PR China.
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Traverssi MG, Manzano VE, Varela O, Colomer JP. Synthesis of N-glycosyl amides: conformational analysis and evaluation as inhibitors of β-galactosidase from E. coli. RSC Adv 2024; 14:2659-2672. [PMID: 38229710 PMCID: PMC10790283 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07763b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of N-glycosyl amides typically involves the use of glycosyl amines as direct precursors, resulting in low yields due to hydrolysis and the loss of stereocontrol through anomerization processes. In this study, a sequential synthesis of N-glycosyl amides is proposed, employing glycosyl amines as intermediates obtained from glycosyl azides. Derivatives with gluco, galacto, or xylo configurations were synthesized. Hexose derivatives were obtained under stereocontrol to give only the β anomer, while the xylo derivatives provided a mixture of α and β anomers. Conformational analysis revealed that all β anomers adopted the 4C1 conformation, while α anomers were found in the 1C4 chair as the major conformer. After de-O-acetylation, the derivatives containing a galactose unit were evaluated as inhibitors of β-galactosidase from E. coli and were found to be moderate inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miqueas G Traverssi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria Edificio de Ciencias II Córdoba Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisico-Química de Córdoba (INFIQC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) UNC Argentina
| | - Verónica E Manzano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria Pab. 2 C1428EHA Buenos Aires Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) UBA Argentina
| | - Oscar Varela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria Pab. 2 C1428EHA Buenos Aires Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) UBA Argentina
| | - Juan P Colomer
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria Edificio de Ciencias II Córdoba Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisico-Química de Córdoba (INFIQC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) UNC Argentina
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Hackl M, Power Z, Chundawat SPS. Oriented display of cello-oligosaccharides for pull-down binding assays to distinguish binding preferences of glycan binding proteins. Carbohydr Res 2023; 534:108943. [PMID: 37783054 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The production of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass using carbohydrate-active enzymes like cellulases is key to a sustainable energy production. Understanding the adsorption mechanism of cellulases and associated binding domain proteins down to the molecular level details will help in the rational design of improved cellulases. In nature, carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) from families 17 and 28 often appear in tandem appended to the C-terminus of several endocellulases. Both CBMs are known to bind to the amorphous regions of cellulose non-competitively and show similar binding affinity towards soluble cello-oligosaccharides. Based on the available crystal structures, these CBMs may display a uni-directional binding preference towards cello-oligosaccharides (based on how the oligosaccharide was bound within the CBM binding cleft). However, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have indicated no such clear preference. Considering that most soluble oligosaccharides are not always an ideal substrate surrogate to study the binding of CBMs to the native cell wall or cell surface displayed glycans, it is critical to use alternative reagents or substrates. To better understand the binding of type B CBMs towards smaller cello-oligosaccharides, we have developed a simple solid-state depletion or pull-down binding assay. Here, we specifically orient azido-labeled carbohydrates from the reducing end to alkyne-labeled micron-sized bead surfaces, using click chemistry, to mimic insoluble cell wall surface-displayed glycans. Our results reveal that both family 17 and 28 CBMs displayed a similar binding affinity towards cellohexaose-modified beads, but not cellopentaose-modified beads, which helps rationalize previously reported crystal structure and MD data. This may indicate a preferred uni-directional binding of specific CBMs and could explain their co-evolution as tandem constructs appended to endocellulases to increase amorphous cellulose substrate targeting efficiency. Overall, our proposed workflow can be easily translated to measure the affinity of glycan-binding proteins to click-chemistry based immobilized surface-displayed carbohydrates or antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hackl
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Zachary Power
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Shishir P S Chundawat
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Ziari N, Hellerstein M. Measurement of gluconeogenesis by 2H 2O labeling and mass isotopomer distribution analysis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105206. [PMID: 37660907 PMCID: PMC10539955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The gluconeogenesis pathway, which converts nonsugar molecules into glucose, is critical for maintaining glucose homeostasis. Techniques that measure flux through this pathway are invaluable for studying metabolic diseases such as diabetes that are associated with dysregulation of this pathway. We introduce a new method that measures fractional gluconeogenesis by heavy water labeling and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis. This technique circumvents cumbersome benchwork or inference of positionality from mass spectra. The enrichment and pattern of deuterium label on glucose is quantified by use of mass isotopomer distribution analysis, which informs on how much of glucose-6-phosphate-derived glucose comes from the gluconeogenesis (GNG) pathway. We use an in vivo model of the GNG pathway that is based on previously published models but offers a new approach to calculating GNG pathway and subpathway contributions using combinatorial probabilities. We demonstrated that this method accurately quantifies fractional GNG through experiments that perturb flux through the pathway and by probing analytical sensitivity. While this method was developed in mice, the results suggest that it is translatable to humans in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ziari
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Marc Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
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Serna S, Artschwager R, Pérez-Martínez D, Lopez R, Reichardt NC. A Versatile Urea Type Linker for Functionalizing Natural Glycans and Its Validation in Glycan Arrays. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301494. [PMID: 37347819 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The isolation from organisms and readily available glycoproteins has become an increasingly convenient source of N-glycans for multiple applications including glycan microarrays, as reference standards in glycan analysis or as reagents that improve bioavailability of protein and peptide therapeutics through conjugation. A problematic step in the isolation process on a preparative scale can be the attachment of a linker for the improved purification, separation, immobilization and quantification of the glycan structures. Addressing this issue, we firstly aimed for the development of an UV active linker for a fast and reliable attachment to anomeric glycosylamines via urea bond formation. Secondly, we validated the new linker on glycan arrays in a comparative study with a collection of N-glycans which were screened against various lectins. In total, we coupled four structurally varied N-glycans to four different linkers, immobilized all constructs on a microarray and compared their binding affinities to four plant and fungal lectins of widely described specificity. Our study shows that the urea type linker showed an overall superior performance for lectin binding and once more, highlights the often neglected influence of the choice of linker on lectin recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Serna
- Glycotechnology Group, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramon 194, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Raik Artschwager
- Glycotechnology Group, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramon 194, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Current address: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Damián Pérez-Martínez
- Glycotechnology Group, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramon 194, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Rosa Lopez
- Organic Chemistry Department I, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Niels-Christian Reichardt
- Glycotechnology Group, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramon 194, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Paseo Miramon 194, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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6
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He P, Xia K, Song Y, Tandon R, Channappanavar R, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. Synthesis of multivalent sialyllactose-conjugated PAMAM dendrimers: Binding to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and influenza hemagglutinin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125714. [PMID: 37423440 PMCID: PMC10528195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza viruses have spread around the world at an unprecedented rate. Despite multiple vaccines, new variants of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza have caused a remarkable level of pathogenesis. The development of effective antiviral drugs to treat SARS-CoV-2 and influenza remains a high priority. Inhibiting viral cell surface attachment represents an early and efficient means to block virus infection. Sialyl glycoconjugates, on the surface of human cell membranes, play an important role as host cell receptors for influenza A virus and 9-O-acetyl-sialylated glycoconjugates are receptors for MERS, HKU1 and bovine coronaviruses. We designed and synthesized multivalent 6'-sialyllactose-counjugated polyamidoamine dendrimers through click chemistry at room temperature concisely. These dendrimer derivatives have good solubility and stability in aqueous solutions. SPR, a real-time analysis quantitative method for of biomolecular interactions, was used to study the binding affinities of our dendrimer derivatives by utilizing only 200 micrograms of each dendrimer. Three SARS-CoV-2 S-protein receptor binding domain (wild type and two Omicron mutants) bound to multivalent 9-O-acetyl-6'-sialyllactose-counjugated and 6'-sialyllactose-counjugated dendrimers bound to a single H3N2 influenza A virus's HA protein (A/Hong Kong/1/1968), the SPR study results suggest their potential anti-viral activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Ke Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Yuefan Song
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Ritesh Tandon
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, Department of Cell Biology, Medicine and BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Rudra Channappanavar
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases (OCRID), Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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7
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Qiu X, Chong D, Fairbanks AJ. Selective Anomeric Acetylation of Unprotected Sugars with Acetic Anhydride in Water. Org Lett 2023; 25:1989-1993. [PMID: 36912487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Unprotected sugars are selectively acetylated simply by stirring in aqueous solution in the presence of acetic anhydride and a weak base such as sodium carbonate. The reaction is selective for acetylation of the anomeric hydroxyl group of mannose, 2-acetamido, and 2-deoxy sugars and can be performed on a large scale. Competitive intramolecular migration of the 1-O-acetate to the 2-hydroxyl group when these two substituents are cis causes over-reaction and the formation of product mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiu
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Daniel Chong
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Antony J Fairbanks
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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8
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Kano K, Ishii N, Miyagawa A, Takeda H, Hirabayashi Y, Kamiguchi H, Greimel P, Matsuo I. Protecting-group-free glycosylation of phosphatidic acid in aqueous media. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2138-2142. [PMID: 36794702 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02173k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The glycosylation of unprotected carbohydrates has emerged as an area of significant interest because it obviates the need for long reaction sequences involving protecting-group manipulations. Herein, we report the one-pot synthesis of anomeric glycosyl phosphates through the condensation of unprotected carbohydrates with phospholipid derivatives while retaining high stereo- and regioselective control. The anomeric center was activated using 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride to facilitate condensation with glycerol-3-phosphate derivatives in an aqueous solution. A water/propionitrile mixture provided superior stereoselectivity while maintaining good yields. Under these optimized conditions, the condensation of stable isotope-labeled glucose with phosphatidic acid provided efficient access to labeled glycophospholipids as an internal standard for mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kano
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
| | - Nozomi Ishii
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Miyagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takeda
- RIKEN, Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- RIKEN, Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. .,Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | | | - Peter Greimel
- RIKEN, Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
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9
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Phase-Transfer Catalyzed Microfluidic Glycosylation: A Small Change in Concentration Results in a Dramatic Increase in Stereoselectivity. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) is widely used in glycochemistry for the preparation of aryl glycosides by the glycosylation reaction. While investigating the possibility of synthesis of 4-(3-chloropropoxy)phenyl sialoside (Neu5Ac-OCPP) from N-acetylsialyl chloride with O-acetyl groups (1), we have recently discovered a strong dependence of the PTC glycosylation outcome on the mixing mode: under batch conditions, only α-anomer of Neu5Ac-OCPP was obtained, albeit in low yield (13%), while under microfluidic conditions the yield of Neu5Ac-OCPP increased to 36%, although stereoselectivity decreased (α/β ≤ 6.2). Here, we report that the outcome of this reaction, performed under microfluidic conditions using a Comet X-01 micromixer (at 2 μL/min flow rate), non-linearly depends on the concentration of N-acetylsialyl chloride 1 (5–200 mmol/L). The target Neu5Ac-OCPP was obtained in a noticeably higher yield (up to 66%) accompanied by enhanced stereoselectivity (α/β = 17:1–32:1) in the high concentration range (C > 50 mmol/L), whereas the yield (10–36%) and especially, stereoselectivity (α/β = 0.9:1–6.2:1) were lower in the low concentration range (C ≤ 50 mmol/L). This dramatic stepwise increase in stereoselectivity above critical concentration (50 mmol/L) is apparently related to the changes in the presentation of molecules on the surface of supramers of glycosyl donor, which exist in different concentration ranges.
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Wang Z, Maisonneuve S, Xie J. One-Pot Synthesis of Water-Soluble Glycosyl Azobenzenes and Their Photoswitching Properties in Water. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16165-16174. [PMID: 36445318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches capable of reversible photoswitching in aqueous media are highly demanded for various biological applications and photopharmacology. Carbohydrates, as natural and abundant raw materials, provide opportunity to make photoswitches water-soluble through linking sugar to the photoswitching molecules. We have developed a one-pot synthesis method to prepare water-soluble glycosyl azobenzenes through DMC (2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride)-mediated glycosylation between sugar and dihydroxyazobenzenes (DHABs) in aqueous media. The scope of the method has been investigated with different mono- and disaccharides, as well as with p,p'- and o,o'-DHAB, with excellent 1,2-trans stereoselectivity. Diglycosylation products can also be obtained with an excess amount of monosaccharides in one step. We have also demonstrated the possibility of further functionalization on the azobenzene moiety of glycosyl azobenzene. Both mono- and diglycosyl azobenzenes showed excellent photoswitching properties in water with high fatigue resistance and good thermostability for the Z-isomers. Excellent E → Z photoisomerization of both mono- and diglycosylated azobenzenes (Z/E = 99/1) is observed under illumination at 365 nm, while back Z → E photoisomerization can be achieved with blue light (with E/Z = 80/20 at PSS485 for the diglycosyl derivative).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Wang
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphane Maisonneuve
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Juan Xie
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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11
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McBerney R, Dolan JP, Cawood EE, Webb ME, Turnbull WB. Bioorthogonal, Bifunctional Linker for Engineering Synthetic Glycoproteins. JACS AU 2022; 2:2038-2047. [PMID: 36186556 PMCID: PMC9516712 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational glycosylation of proteins results in complex mixtures of heterogeneous protein glycoforms. Glycoproteins have many potential applications from fundamental studies of glycobiology to potential therapeutics, but generating homogeneous recombinant glycoproteins using chemical or chemoenzymatic reactions to mimic natural glycoproteins or creating homogeneous synthetic neoglycoproteins is a challenging synthetic task. In this work, we use a site-specific bioorthogonal approach to produce synthetic homogeneous glycoproteins. We develop a bifunctional, bioorthogonal linker that combines oxime ligation and strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition chemistry to functionalize reducing sugars and glycan derivatives for attachment to proteins. We demonstrate the utility of this minimal length linker by producing neoglycoprotein inhibitors of cholera toxin in which derivatives of the disaccharide lactose and GM1os pentasaccharide are attached to a nonbinding variant of the cholera toxin B-subunit that acts as a size- and valency-matched multivalent scaffold. The resulting neoglycoproteins decorated with GM1 ligands inhibit cholera toxin B-subunit adhesion with a picomolar IC50.
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12
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Pyridoneimine-catalyzed anomeric aqueous oxa-Michael additions of native mono- and disaccharides. Carbohydr Res 2022; 520:108610. [PMID: 35863121 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A pyridoneimine-catalyzed oxa-Michael addition of protecting groups-free, native mono- and disaccharides with Michael acceptors in aq. solution is reported. Several mono- and disaccharides are reacted with acceptors, namely, methylvinyl ketone, acrylonitrile and tert-butyl acrylate in aq. solution, the addition catalyzed by n-pentylpyridone imine. The addition occurs site-selectively at the anomeric lactol and the remaining hydroxy functionalities are un-affected. The resulting keto-glycopyranoside products are explored in aldol, allylation and oxime product formation, occurring at either α-methyl moiety or at the keto-moiety, with appropriate synthons. In another direction, the keto-glycopyranoside is functionalized further with amino acids through reductive amination in aq. methanol solution. Formation of hemiacetal anion occurs in the presence of pyridoneimine in aq. Solution, enabling subsequent addition to occur with acceptors. Facile reductive amination of the resulting keto-glycoside provides an avenue for conjugations with amino acids in the present work.
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13
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Melo Diaz JM, Peel SR, Spencer DI, Hendel JL. Extraction and purification of a High Mannose type oligosaccharide from Phaseolus lunatus beans by oxidative release with sodium hypochlorite. Carbohydr Res 2022; 517:108583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Wu Q, Dong W, Miao H, Wang Q, Dong S, Xuan W. Site‐Specific Protein Modification with Reducing Carbohydrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116545. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Wu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Weidong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Chemical Biology Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Hui Miao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Chemical Biology Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Suwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Chemical Biology Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Weimin Xuan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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15
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Qiu X, Garden AL, Fairbanks AJ. Protecting group free glycosylation: one-pot stereocontrolled access to 1,2- trans glycosides and (1→6)-linked disaccharides of 2-acetamido sugars. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4122-4130. [PMID: 35440979 PMCID: PMC8985506 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00222a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Unprotected 2-acetamido sugars may be directly converted into their oxazolines using 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride (DMC), and a suitable base, in aqueous solution. Freeze drying and acid catalysed reaction with an alcohol as solvent produces the corresponding 1,2-trans-glycosides in good yield. Alternatively, dissolution in an aprotic solvent system and acidic activation in the presence of an excess of an unprotected glycoside as a glycosyl acceptor, results in the stereoselective formation of the corresponding 1,2-trans linked disaccharides without any protecting group manipulations. Reactions using aryl glycosides as acceptors are completely regioselective, producing only the (1→6)-linked disaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiu
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Anna L Garden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago Dunedin 9054 New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6140 New Zealand
| | - Antony J Fairbanks
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand .,Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
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16
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A universal strategy of glyconanoparticle preparation using a bifunctional linker for lectin sensing and cell imaging. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:154. [PMID: 35332420 PMCID: PMC8948015 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Glyconanoparticles (G-NPs), biofunctional nanomaterials that can fully combine the unique properties of nanoparticles (NPs) with the bioactivities of carbohydrates, have become an appealing nanoplatform in analytical chemistry and biomedical research. However, there is currently a lack of an efficient and universal method for facile immobilization of reducing carbohydrates on NPs while maintaining their structure integrity, greatly limiting the preparation and application of G-NPs. Herein, a new and universal strategy for preparing carbohydrate-functionalized gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) was developed by using S-(3-(methoxyamino)propyl) thioacetate (MPTA) as a new bifunctional linker. MPTA with an N-methoxyamine group (-NHOMe) and a thioacetyl group (-SAc) was synthesized by a two-step strategy and then grafted onto Au NCs by an efficient click reaction. Subsequently, reducing carbohydrates could be readily immobilized onto MPTA-functionalized Au NCs (MPTA-Au NCs) by a reducing end ring-closure reaction under mild conditions. The obtained G-NPs showed average size of 1.9 ± 0.42 nm and strong fluorescence at 610 nm. Carbohydrates grafted on G-NPs still retained their structure integrity and specific recognition ability toward their receptor proteins. Notably, the affinity between G-NPs and proteins was increased by 1300 times compared with free carbohydrates with an association constant of (1.47 ± 0.356) × 106 M−1. The prepared fluorescent G-NPs were also successfully applied to lectin sensing and targeted breast cancer cell imaging with good performance. These results indicated that the intact immobilization of reducing carbohydrates (whether naturally or chemically accessed) on NPs could be easily achieved using MPTA, providing a simple, efficient, and universal strategy for G-NP preparation.
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17
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Chen K, Zhao Y. Dynamic Tuning in Synthetic Glycosidase for Selective Hydrolysis of Alkyl and Aryl Glycosides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4195-4203. [PMID: 35254827 PMCID: PMC9089355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes use sophisticated conformational control to optimize the dynamics of their protein framework for efficient catalysis. Although it is difficult to employ a similar strategy to improve catalysis in a synthetic enzyme, we here report that modulation of the dynamics of the substrate in the active site is readily achievable in a complex between a molecularly imprinted nanoparticle and its acid cofactor, through tuning of the size and shape of the imprinted site. As the alkyl glucoside substrate is bound with increasing strength and held in a more tightly fitted pocket, the acid-catalyzed glycan hydrolysis becomes more difficult. A larger, wider active site, although less able to bind the substrate, affords a higher catalytic activity, likely due to easier alignment of the substrate and the acid cofactor for a general acid catalysis. The substrate selectivity is controlled by both the tightness of the aglycon-binding site and the orientation of the glycan-binding boroxole group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqian Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
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18
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Wu Q, Dong W, Miao H, Wang Q, Dong S, Xuan W. Site‐Specific Protein Modification with Reducing Carbohydrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Wu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Weidong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Chemical Biology Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Hui Miao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Chemical Biology Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Suwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Chemical Biology Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Weimin Xuan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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19
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Dey K, Jayaraman N. Anomeric alkylations and acylations of unprotected mono- and disaccharides mediated by pyridoneimine in aqueous solutions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2224-2227. [PMID: 35072677 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07056h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A site-specific deprotonation followed by alkylations and acylations of sugar hemiacetals to the corresponding alkyl glycosides and acylated sugars in aqueous solutions is disclosed herein. Pyridoneimine as a new base is developed to mediate the deprotonation of readily available sugar hemiacetals and further reactions with alkylation and acylation agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Dey
- Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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20
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Goyard D, Roubinet B, Vena F, Landemarre L, Renaudet O. Homo- and Heterovalent Neoglycoproteins as Ligands for Bacterial Lectins. Chempluschem 2021; 87:e202100481. [PMID: 34931469 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Click chemistry gives access to unlimited set of multivalent glycoconjugates to explore carbohydrate-protein interactions and discover high affinity ligands. In this study, we have created supramolecular systems based on a carrier protein that was grafted by Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition with tetravalent glycodendrons presenting αGal, βGal and/or αFuc. Binding studies of the homo- (4 a-c) and heterovalent (5) neoglycoproteins (neoGPs) with the LecA and LecB lectins from P. aeruginosa has first confirmed the interest of the multivalent presentation of glycodendrons by the carrier protein (IC50 up to 2.8 nM). Moreover, these studies have shown that the heterovalent display of glycans (5) allows the interaction with both lectins (IC50 of 10 nM) despite the presence of unspecific moieties, and even with similar efficiency for LecB. These results demonstrate the potential of multivalent and multispecific neoGPs as a promising strategy to fight against resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Goyard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Renaudet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, 38000, Grenoble, France
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21
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Rapp MA, Baudendistel OR, Steiner UE, Wittmann V. Rapid glycoconjugation with glycosyl amines. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14901-14906. [PMID: 34820106 PMCID: PMC8597863 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05008g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugation of unprotected carbohydrates to surfaces or probes by chemoselective ligation reactions is indispensable for the elucidation of their numerous biological functions. In particular, the reaction with oxyamines leading to the formation of carbohydrate oximes which are in equilibrium with cyclic N-glycosides (oxyamine ligation) has an enormous impact in the field. Although highly chemoselective, the reaction is rather slow. Here, we report that the oxyamine ligation is significantly accelerated without the need for a catalyst when starting with glycosyl amines. Reaction rates are increased up to 500-fold compared to the reaction of the reducing carbohydrate. For comparison, aniline-catalyzed oxyamine ligation is only increased 3.8-fold under the same conditions. Glycosyl amines from mono- and oligosaccharides are easily accessible from reducing carbohydrates via the corresponding azides by using Shoda's reagent (2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride, DMC) and subsequent reduction. Furthermore, glycosyl amines are readily obtained by enzymatic release from N-glycoproteins making the method suited for glycomic analysis of these glycoconjugates which we demonstrate employing RNase B. Oxyamine ligation of glycosyl amines can be carried out at close to neutral conditions which makes the procedure especially valuable for acid-sensitive oligosaccharides. A new method for carbohydrate-oxyamine ligation starting from glycosyl amines 1 instead of the commonly used reducing sugars 2 results in tremendously increased ligation rates without the need for a catalyst, such as aniline.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike A Rapp
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Oliver R Baudendistel
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Ulrich E Steiner
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Valentin Wittmann
- Department of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10 78457 Konstanz Germany
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22
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Yao S, Brahmi R, Portier F, Putaux JL, Chen J, Halila S. Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic β-C-Glycosylbarbiturates into Multiresponsive Alginate-Like Supramolecular Hydrogel Fibers and Vesicle Hydrogel. Chemistry 2021; 27:16716-16721. [PMID: 34622999 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ordered molecular self-assembly of glycoamphiphiles has been regarded as an attractive, practical and bottom-up approach to obtain stable, structurally well-defined, and functional mimics of natural polysaccharides. This study describes a versatile and rational design of carbohydrate-based hydrogelators through N,N'-substituted barbituric acid-mediated Knoevenagel condensation onto unprotected carbohydrates in water. Amphiphilic N-substituted β-C-maltosylbarbiturates self-assembled into pH- and calcium-triggered alginate-like supramolecular hydrogel fibers with a multistimuli responsiveness to temperature, pH and competitive metal chelating agent. In addition, amphiphilic N,N'-disubstituted β-C-maltosylbarbiturates formed vesicle gels in pure water that were scarcely observed for glyco-hydrogelators. Finally, barbituric acid worked as a multitasking group allowing chemoselective ligation onto reducing-end carbohydrates, structural diversity, stimuli-sensitiveness, and supramolecular interactions by hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yao
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Robin Brahmi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Jing Chen
- Zhejiang International Scientific and, Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315300, P. R. China
| | - Sami Halila
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000, Grenoble, France
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23
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Recent chemical syntheses of bacteria related oligosaccharides using modern expeditious approaches. Carbohydr Res 2021; 507:108295. [PMID: 34271477 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Apart from some essential and crucial roles in life processes carbohydrates also are involved in a few detrimental courses of action related to human health, like infections by pathogenic microbes, cancer metastasis, transplanted tissue rejection, etc. Regarding management of pathogenesis by microbes, keeping in mind of multi drug-resistant bacteria and epidemic or endemic incidents, preventive measure by vaccination is the best pathway as also recommended by the WHO; by vaccination, eradication of bacterial diseases is also possible. Although some valid vaccines based on attenuated bacterial cells or isolated pure polysaccharide-antigens or the corresponding conjugates thereof are available in the market for prevention of several bacterial diseases, but these are not devoid of some disadvantages also. In order to develop improved conjugate T-cell dependent vaccines oligosaccharides related to bacterial antigens are synthesized and converted to the corresponding carrier protein conjugates. Marketed Cuban Quimi-Hib is such a vaccine being used since 2004 to resist Haemophilus influenza b infections. During nearly the past two decades research is going on worldwide for improved synthesis of bacteria related oligosaccharides or polysaccharides towards development of such semisynthetic or synthetic glycoconjugate vaccines. The present dissertation is an endeavour to encompass the recent syntheses of several pathogenic bacterial oligosaccharides or polysaccharides, made during the past ten-eleven years with special reference to modern expeditious syntheses.
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24
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Chemical (neo)glycosylation of biological drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:62-76. [PMID: 33548302 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Biological drugs, specifically proteins and peptides, are a privileged class of medicinal agents and are characterized with high specificity and high potency of therapeutic activity. However, biologics are fragile and require special care during storage, and are often modified to optimize their pharmacokinetics in terms of proteolytic stability and blood residence half-life. In this review, we showcase glycosylation as a method to optimize biologics for storage and application. Specifically, we focus on chemical glycosylation as an approach to modify biological drugs. We present case studies that illustrate the success of this methodology and specifically address the highly important question: does connectivity within the glycoconjugate have to be native or not? We then present the innovative methods of chemical glycosylation of biologics and specifically highlight the emerging and established protecting group-free methodologies of glycosylation. We discuss thermodynamic origins of protein stabilization via glycosylation, and analyze in detail stabilization in terms of proteolytic stability, aggregation upon storage and/or heat treatment. Finally, we present a case study of protein modification using sialic acid-containing glycans to avoid hepatic clearance of biological drugs. This review aims to spur interest in chemical glycosylation as a facile, powerful tool to optimize proteins and peptides as medicinal agents.
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25
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Byrne DP, London JA, Eyers PA, Yates EA, Cartmell A. Mobility shift-based electrophoresis coupled with fluorescent detection enables real-time enzyme analysis of carbohydrate sulfatase activity. Biochem J 2021; 478:735-748. [PMID: 33480417 PMCID: PMC7897442 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sulfated carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental process, which occurs in all domains of life. Carbohydrate sulfatases are enzymes that remove sulfate groups from carbohydrates and are essential to the depolymerisation of complex polysaccharides. Despite their biological importance, carbohydrate sulfatases are poorly studied and challenges remain in accurately assessing the enzymatic activity, specificity and kinetic parameters. Most notably, the separation of desulfated products from sulfated substrates is currently a time-consuming process. In this paper, we describe the development of rapid capillary electrophoresis coupled to substrate fluorescence detection as a high-throughput and facile means of analysing carbohydrate sulfatase activity. The approach has utility for the determination of both kinetic and inhibition parameters and is based on existing microfluidic technology coupled to a new synthetic fluorescent 6S-GlcNAc carbohydrate substrate. Furthermore, we compare this technique, in terms of both time and resources, to high-performance anion exchange chromatography and NMR-based methods, which are the two current 'gold standards' for enzymatic carbohydrate sulfation analysis. Our study clearly demonstrates the advantages of mobility shift assays for the quantification of near real-time carbohydrate desulfation by purified sulfatases, and will support the search for small molecule inhibitors of these disease-associated enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic P. Byrne
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - James A. London
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Patrick A. Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Edwin A. Yates
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Alan Cartmell
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
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26
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Savicheva EA, Seikowski J, Kast JI, Grünig CR, Belov VN, Hell SW. Fluorescence Assisted Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans Enabled by the Negatively Charged Auxochromes in 1‐Aminopyrenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta A. Savicheva
- Department of Nanobiophotonics Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC) Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | | | | | | | - Vladimir N. Belov
- Department of Nanobiophotonics Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC) Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Facility for Synthetic Chemistry MPIBPC Germany
| | - Stefan W. Hell
- Department of Nanobiophotonics Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC) Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
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27
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Savicheva EA, Seikowski J, Kast JI, Grünig CR, Belov VN, Hell SW. Fluorescence Assisted Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans Enabled by the Negatively Charged Auxochromes in 1-Aminopyrenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3720-3726. [PMID: 33245831 PMCID: PMC7898655 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A compact and negatively charged acceptor group, N-(cyanamino)sulfonyl, is introduced for dye design and its influence on the absorption and emission spectra of the "push-pull" chromophores is demonstrated with 1,3,6-tris[(cyanamino)sulfonyl]-8-aminopyrene. The new sulfonamides, including O-phosphorylated (3-hydroxyazetidine)-N-sulfonyl, are negatively charged electron acceptors and auxochromes. 1-Aminopyrenes decorated with the new sulfonamides have three or six negative charges (pH ≥8), low m/z ratios, high mobilities in an electric field, and yellow to orange emission. We labeled maltodextrin oligomers by reductive amination, separated the products by electrophoresis, and demonstrated their high brightness in a commercial DNA analyzer and the distribution of the emission signal among the detection channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta A. Savicheva
- Department of NanobiophotonicsMax Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC)Am Fassberg 1137077GöttingenGermany
| | | | | | | | - Vladimir N. Belov
- Department of NanobiophotonicsMax Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC)Am Fassberg 1137077GöttingenGermany
- Facility for Synthetic ChemistryMPIBPCGermany
| | - Stefan W. Hell
- Department of NanobiophotonicsMax Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC)Am Fassberg 1137077GöttingenGermany
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28
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Huang YT, Su YC, Wu HR, Huang HH, Lin EC, Tsai TW, Tseng HW, Fang JL, Yu CC. Sulfo-Fluorous Tagging Strategy for Site-Selective Enzymatic Glycosylation of para-Human Milk Oligosaccharides. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Su
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ru Wu
- Instrumentation Center at National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hui Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Eugene C. Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Wei Tsai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Wei Tseng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Lin Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ching Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
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29
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Mannerstedt K, Mishra NK, Engholm E, Lundh M, Madsen CS, Pedersen PJ, Le-Huu P, Pedersen SL, Buch-Månson N, Borgström B, Brimert T, Fink LN, Fosgerau K, Vrang N, Jensen KJ. An Aldehyde Responsive, Cleavable Linker for Glucose Responsive Insulins. Chemistry 2021; 27:3166-3176. [PMID: 33169429 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A glucose responsive insulin (GRI) that responds to changes in blood glucose concentrations has remained an elusive goal. Here we describe the development of glucose cleavable linkers based on hydrazone and thiazolidine structures. We developed linkers with low levels of spontaneous hydrolysis but increased level of hydrolysis with rising concentrations of glucose, which demonstrated their glucose responsiveness in vitro. Lipidated hydrazones and thiazolidines were conjugated to the LysB29 side-chain of HI by pH-controlled acylations providing GRIs with glucose responsiveness confirmed in vitro for thiazolidines. Clamp studies showed increased glucose infusion at hyperglycemic conditions for one GRI indicative of a true glucose response. The glucose responsive cleavable linker in these GRIs allow changes in glucose levels to drive the release of active insulin from a circulating depot. We have demonstrated an unprecedented, chemically responsive linker concept for biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Narendra Kumar Mishra
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej, 11B, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ebbe Engholm
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej, 11B, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Morten Lundh
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej, 11B, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | | | - Priska Le-Huu
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej, 11B, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | | | - Björn Borgström
- Red Glead Discovery AB, Scheelevägen 17, 22363, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Brimert
- Red Glead Discovery AB, Scheelevägen 17, 22363, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisbeth N Fink
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej, 11B, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Keld Fosgerau
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej, 11B, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Niels Vrang
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej, 11B, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Knud J Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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30
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González-Freire E, Novelli F, Pérez-Estévez A, Seoane R, Amorín M, Granja JR. Double Orthogonal Click Reactions for the Development of Antimicrobial Peptide Nanotubes. Chemistry 2021; 27:3029-3038. [PMID: 32986280 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A new class of amphipathic cyclic peptides, which assemble in bacteria membranes to form polymeric supramolecular nanotubes giving them antimicrobial properties, is described. The method is based on the use of two orthogonal clickable transformations to incorporate different hydrophobic or hydrophilic moieties in a simple, regioselective, and divergent manner. The resulting cationic amphipathic cyclic peptides described in this article exhibit strong antimicrobial properties with a broad therapeutic window. Our studies suggest that the active form is the nanotube resulted from the parallel stacking of the cyclic peptide precursors. Several techniques, CD, FTIR, fluorescence, and STEM, among others, confirm the nanotube formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva González-Freire
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e, Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Federica Novelli
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e, Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez-Estévez
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Medical School, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rafael Seoane
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Medical School, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Amorín
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e, Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan R Granja
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e, Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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31
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Ershov AY, Martynenkov AA, Lagoda IV, Yakunchikova EA, Kopanitsa MA, Chernykh IV, Yakimansky AV. Synthesis of the Gold Glyconanoparticles Based on 6-Deoxy- and 2-(Acetylamino)aldoses 3-Thiopropionylhydrazones. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Cheewawisuttichai T, Brichacek M. Development of a multifunctional neoglycoside auxiliary for applications in glycomics research. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6613-6617. [PMID: 34264248 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00941a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel, multifunctional, tetrazine-containing neoglycoside auxiliary has been synthesized in three steps and 28% overall yield. The oxyamine was conjugated with unprotected carbohydrates under aqueous conditions (pH = 4.7), with DMF as a cosolvent, to provide neoglycosides in yields ranging between 51% and 68%. This auxiliary displayed broad advantages in the isolation and purification of complex carbohydrate mixtures, compatibility during extension by glycosyltransferases, and direct conjugation to chemical probes. Furthermore, the auxiliary can be removed in 96% yield under acidic conditions (0.25% TFA in H2O) that leave glycosidic linkages intact. Thereby, the tetrazine-containing neoglycoside auxiliary can serve to facilitate future glycomics investigations.
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33
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Geranurimi A, Cheng CWH, Quiniou C, Côté F, Hou X, Lahaie I, Boudreault A, Chemtob S, Lubell WD. Interleukin-1 Receptor Modulation Using β-Substituted α-Amino-γ-Lactam Peptides From Solid-Phase Synthesis and Diversification. Front Chem 2020; 8:610431. [PMID: 33415098 PMCID: PMC7783595 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.610431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As a key cytokine mediator of inflammation, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) binds to the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) and activates various downstream signaling mediators, including NF-κB, which is required for immune vigilance and cellular protection. Toward the development of IL-1-targeting therapeutics which exhibit functional selectivity, the all-D-amino acid peptide 1 (101.10, H-D-Arg-D-Tyr-D-Thr-D-Val-D-Glu-D-Leu-D-Ala-NH2) was conceived as an allosteric IL-1R modulator that conserves NF-κB signaling while inhibiting other IL-1-activated pathways. Employing β-hydroxy-α-amino-γ-lactam (Hgl) stereoisomers to study the conformation about the Thr3 residue in 1, [(3R,4S)-Hgl3]-1 (2b), among all possible diastereomers, was found to exhibit identical in vitro and in vivo activity as the parent peptide and superior activity to the α-amino-γ-lactam (Agl) counterpart. Noting the relevance of the β-hydroxyl substituent and configuration for the activity of (3R,4S)-2b, fifteen different β-substituted-Agl3 analogs of 1 (e.g., 2c-q) have now been synthesized by a combination of solution- and solid-phase methods employing N-Fmoc-β-substituted-Agl3-Val-OH dipeptide building blocks. Introduction of a β-azido-Agl3 residue into the resin bound peptide and subsequent reduction and CuAAC chemistry gave access to a series of amine and triazole derivatives (e.g., 2h-q). β-Substituted-[Agl3]-1 analogs 2c-q exhibited generally similar circular dichroism (CD) spectra as that of Hgl analog 2b in water, presenting curve shapes indicative of β-turn structures. The relevance of the β-substituent was indicated in rodent models of preterm labor and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), in which certain analogs inhibited preterm birth and vaso-obliteration, respectively, with activity similar to 1 and 2b. The β-substituted-[Agl3]-1 analogs exhibited functional selectivity on IL-1-induced signaling pathways. The described solid-phase method has provided discerning probes for exploring peptide structure-activity relationships and valuable leads for developing prototypes to treat inflammatory events leading to prematurity and retinopathy of prematurity, which are leading causes of infant morbidity and blindness respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azade Geranurimi
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Colin W H Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Hôpital Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - France Côté
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Xin Hou
- Hôpital Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Lahaie
- Hôpital Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Hôpital Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, and Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - William D Lubell
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Hoshing R, Saladino M, Kuhn H, Caianiello D, Lusi RF, Basu A. An Improved Protocol for the Synthesis and Purification of Yariv Reagents. J Org Chem 2020; 85:16236-16242. [PMID: 33084327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Yariv reagents are glycoconjugate tris-azo dyes widely used in plant biology. These reagents are synthesized by diazo coupling between phloroglucinol and a para-diazophenyl glycoside. Despite their synthetic accessibility, well-defined protocols for obtaining pure Yariv reagents, and their complete compound characterization data, have not been reported. We report here optimized protocols used to synthesize, purify, and characterize a panel of six Yariv reagents and suggest approaches that could be valuable for the purification and characterization of other glycoconjugates as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuraj Hoshing
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Michael Saladino
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Helene Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - David Caianiello
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Robert F Lusi
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Amit Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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35
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Pfeiffer M, Nidetzky B. Reverse C-glycosidase reaction provides C-nucleotide building blocks of xenobiotic nucleic acids. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6270. [PMID: 33293530 PMCID: PMC7722734 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
C-Analogues of the canonical N-nucleosides have considerable importance in medicinal chemistry and are promising building blocks of xenobiotic nucleic acids (XNA) in synthetic biology. Although well established for synthesis of N-nucleosides, biocatalytic methods are lacking in C-nucleoside synthetic chemistry. Here, we identify pseudouridine monophosphate C-glycosidase for selective 5-β-C-glycosylation of uracil and derivatives thereof from pentose 5-phosphate (D-ribose, 2-deoxy-D-ribose, D-arabinose, D-xylose) substrates. Substrate requirements of the enzymatic reaction are consistent with a Mannich-like addition between the pyrimidine nucleobase and the iminium intermediate of enzyme (Lys166) and open-chain pentose 5-phosphate. β-Elimination of the lysine and stereoselective ring closure give the product. We demonstrate phosphorylation-glycosylation cascade reactions for efficient, one-pot synthesis of C-nucleoside phosphates (yield: 33 - 94%) from unprotected sugar and nucleobase. We show incorporation of the enzymatically synthesized C-nucleotide triphosphates into nucleic acids by RNA polymerase. Collectively, these findings implement biocatalytic methodology for C-nucleotide synthesis which can facilitate XNA engineering for synthetic biology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pfeiffer
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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36
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Fairbanks AJ. Applications of Shoda's reagent (DMC) and analogues for activation of the anomeric centre of unprotected carbohydrates. Carbohydr Res 2020; 499:108197. [PMID: 33256953 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
2-Chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride (DMC, herein also referred to as Shoda's reagent) and its derivatives are useful for numerous synthetic transformations in which the anomeric centre of unprotected reducing sugars is selectively activated in aqueous solution. As such unprotected sugars can undergo anomeric substitution with a range of added nucleophiles, providing highly efficient routes to a range of glycosides and glycoconjugates without the need for traditional protecting group manipulations. This mini-review summarizes the development of DMC and some of its derivatives/analogues, and highlights recent applications for protecting group-free synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony J Fairbanks
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
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37
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Miyagawa A, Toyama S, Ohmura I, Miyazaki S, Kamiya T, Yamamura H. One-Step Synthesis of Sugar Nucleotides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15645-15651. [PMID: 33196211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The chemical synthesis of sugar nucleotides requires a multistep procedure to ensure a selective reaction. Herein, sugar nucleotides were synthesized in one step using 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride as the condensation reagent. The products were obtained in yields of 12-30%, and the yields were increased to 35-47% by the addition of a tuning reagent. NMR identification of the sugar nucleotides showed that mainly 1,2-trans-glycosides were present. The reported method represents a one-step route to sugar nucleotides from commercially available materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Miyagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Sanami Toyama
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Ippei Ohmura
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Shun Miyazaki
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Takeru Kamiya
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hatsuo Yamamura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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38
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Tatunashvili E, McErlean CSP. Generation and reaction of alkyl radicals in open reaction vessels. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7818-7821. [PMID: 32975250 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01892a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An operationally simple process to transform alkyl iodides into reactive alkyl radicals is described. Aryl diazonium salts react with Hantzsch esters and molecular oxygen to give aryl radicals, which participate in halogen atom transfers to give alkyl radicals. These intermediates react with a variety of acceptors. The reaction cascade occurs at room temperature, in open reaction vessels, with short reaction times.
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39
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Laezza A, Georgiou PG, Richards SJ, Baker AN, Walker M, Gibson MI. Protecting Group Free Synthesis of Glyconanoparticles Using Amino-Oxy-Terminated Polymer Ligands. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2392-2403. [PMID: 32951418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycomaterials display enhanced binding affinity to carbohydrate-binding proteins due to the nonlinear enhancement associated with the cluster glycoside effect. Gold nanoparticles bearing glycans have attracted significant interest in particular. This is due to their versatility, their highly tunable gold cores (size and shape), and their application in biosensors and diagnostic tools. However, conjugating glycans onto these materials can be challenging, necessitating either multiple protecting group manipulations or the use of only simple glycans. This results in limited structural diversity compared to glycoarrays which can include hundreds of glycans. Here we report a method to generate glyconanoparticles from unprotected glycans by conjugation to polymer tethers bearing terminal amino-oxy groups, which are then immobilized onto gold nanoparticles. Using an isotope-labeled glycan, the efficiency of this reaction was probed in detail to confirm conjugation, with 25% of end-groups being functionalized, predominantly in the ring-closed form. Facile post-glycosylation purification is achieved by simple centrifugation/washing cycles to remove excess glycan and polymer. This streamlined synthetic approach may be particularly useful for the preparation of glyconanoparticle libraries using automation, to identify hits to be taken forward using more conventional synthetic methods. Exemplar lectin-binding studies were undertaken to confirm the availability of the glycans for binding and show this is a powerful tool for rapid assessment of multivalent glycan binding.
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40
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Vargas EL, Velázquez JA, Rodrigo E, Reinecke H, Rodríguez-Hernández J, Fernández-Mayoralas A, Gallardo A, Cid MB. p Ka Modulation of Pyrrolidine-Based Catalytic Polymers Used for the Preparation of Glycosyl Hydrazides at Physiological pH and Temperature. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1955-1967. [PMID: 35025318 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the ability of enzymes to use the surrounding hydrophobic and/or polarizable groups to modulate the pKa of a given amino acid, we designed a series of soluble polymers able to decrease the basicity of pyrrolidine (from 11.2 to 8.6 pKa units), which clearly increases its aminocatalytic activity at physiological pH in C═N bond formation reactions via ion iminium activation. Other parameters such as charge density, hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance, and aggregation state have been studied as important factors in the catalytic activity of the polymers for a given substrate. To demonstrate the utility of our approach, an optimal pyrrolidine-based catalytic polymer has been used for the formation of C-N bonds between hydrazides and free sugars as the model system for the preparation of glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Vargas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Antonio Velázquez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Rodrigo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Helmut Reinecke
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologı́a de Polı́meros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Hernández
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologı́a de Polı́meros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Gallardo
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologı́a de Polı́meros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Belén Cid
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Dhameja
- Department of Chemistry School Of Physical & Decision SciencesBabasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) Rae barelli Road Lucknow 226025 (U. P.) India
| | - Hariom Kumar
- Department of Chemistry School Of Physical & Decision SciencesBabasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) Rae barelli Road Lucknow 226025 (U. P.) India
| | - Preeti Gupta
- Department of Chemistry School Of Physical & Decision SciencesBabasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) Rae barelli Road Lucknow 226025 (U. P.) India
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42
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Savicheva EA, Mitronova GY, Thomas L, Böhm MJ, Seikowski J, Belov VN, Hell SW. Negativ geladene gelb emittierende 1‐Aminopyrene für reduktive Aminierung und Fluoreszenznachweis von Glykanen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta A. Savicheva
- Abteilung NanoBiophotonik Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie (MPIBPC) Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Guyzel Yu. Mitronova
- Abteilung NanoBiophotonik Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie (MPIBPC) Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Laura Thomas
- Abteilung NanoBiophotonik Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie (MPIBPC) Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
- Aktuelle Adresse: Artesan Pharma GmbH Deutschland
| | - Marvin J. Böhm
- Abteilung NanoBiophotonik Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie (MPIBPC) Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
- Aktuelle Adresse: Institut für organische und biomolekulare Chemie der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Deutschland
| | | | - Vladimir N. Belov
- Abteilung NanoBiophotonik Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie (MPIBPC) Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Stefan W. Hell
- Abteilung NanoBiophotonik Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie (MPIBPC) Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
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43
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Savicheva EA, Mitronova GY, Thomas L, Böhm MJ, Seikowski J, Belov VN, Hell SW. Negatively Charged Yellow-Emitting 1-Aminopyrene Dyes for Reductive Amination and Fluorescence Detection of Glycans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5505-5509. [PMID: 31895495 PMCID: PMC7154675 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
1‐Aminopyrenes with three ω‐hydroxylated N‐alkylsulfonamido or alkylsulfonyl residues in positions 3, 6, and 8 were prepared, O‐phosphorylated, and applied for reductive amination of oligosaccharides. The dyes (ϵ≈20 000 m−1 cm−1) with six negative charges (pH≥8) and low m/z ratios enable labeling and fluorescence detection of reducing sugars (glycans) related to the most structurally and functionally diverse class of natural products. Under excitation with a 488 nm laser, the new glycoconjugates emit yellow light of about 560 nm, outperforming (with respect to brightness and faster electrophoretic mobilities) the corresponding APTS derivatives (benchmark dye with green emission in conjugates).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta A Savicheva
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC), Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Guyzel Yu Mitronova
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC), Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Thomas
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC), Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Present address: Artesan Pharma GmbH, Germany
| | - Marvin J Böhm
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC), Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Present address: Institut für organische und biomolekulare Chemie der, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Vladimir N Belov
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC), Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan W Hell
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC), Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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44
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Uriel C, Permingeat C, Ventura J, Avellanal-Zaballa E, Bañuelos J, García-Moreno I, Gómez AM, Lopez JC. BODIPYs as Chemically Stable Fluorescent Tags for Synthetic Glycosylation Strategies towards Fluorescently Labeled Saccharides. Chemistry 2020; 26:5388-5399. [PMID: 31999023 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of fluorescent boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY, 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) dyes have been designed to participate, as aglycons, in synthetic oligosaccharide protocols. As such, they served a dual purpose: first, by being incorporated at the beginning of the process (at the reducing-end of the growing saccharide moiety), they can function as fluorescent glycosyl tags, facilitating the detection and purification of the desired glycosidic intermediates, and secondly, the presence of these chromophores on the ensuing compounds grants access to fluorescently labeled saccharides. In this context, a sought-after feature of the fluorescent dyes has been their chemical robustness. Accordingly, some BODIPY derivatives described in this work can withstand the reaction conditions commonly employed in the chemical synthesis of saccharides; namely, glycosylation and protecting-group manipulations. Regarding their photophysical properties, the BODIPY-labeled saccharides obtained in this work display remarkable fluorescence efficiency in water, reaching quantum yield values up to 82 %, as well as notable lasing efficiencies and photostabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Uriel
- Instituto de Química Organica General (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Caterina Permingeat
- Instituto de Química Organica General (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Ventura
- Instituto de Química Organica General (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Bañuelos
- Dpto. Química Física, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Aptdo. 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Ana M Gómez
- Instituto de Química Organica General (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Cristobal Lopez
- Instituto de Química Organica General (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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45
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Lin L, Qiao M, Zhang X, Linhardt RJ. Site-selective reactions for the synthesis of glycoconjugates in polysaccharide vaccine development. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 230:115643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Hidalgo FJ, Lorentz NA, Luu TB, Tran JD, Wickremasinghe PD, Martini O, Iovine PM, Schellinger JG. Synthesis, Characterization, and Dynamic Behavior of Well-defined Dithiomaleimide-functionalized Maltodextrins. LETT ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178616666190212124838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
Maltodextrins have an increasing number of biomedical and industrial applications due to
their attractive physicochemical properties such as biodegradability and biocompatibility. Herein, we
describe the development of a synthetic pathway and characterization of thiol-responsive maltodextrin
conjugates with dithiomaleimide linkages. 19F NMR studies were also conducted to demonstrate the
exchange dynamics of the dithiomaleimide-functionalized sugar end groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Hidalgo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110, United States
| | - Nathan A.P. Lorentz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110, United States
| | - TinTin B. Luu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110, United States
| | - Praveen D. Wickremasinghe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110, United States
| | - Olnita Martini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110, United States
| | - Peter M. Iovine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110, United States
| | - Joan G. Schellinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA 92110, United States
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47
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Qiu X, Fairbanks AJ. Scope of the DMC mediated glycosylation of unprotected sugars with phenols in aqueous solution. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7355-7365. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01727b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Activation of reducing sugars in aqueous solution using DMC and triethylamine in the presence of phenols allows direct stereoselective conversion to the corresponding 1,2-trans aryl glycosides without the need for any protecting groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Canterbury
- Christchurch
- New Zealand
| | - Antony J. Fairbanks
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Canterbury
- Christchurch
- New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre
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48
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Systematic synthesis and characterization of a series of different bromoalkylglycosides by Fischer glycosylation. Carbohydr Res 2019; 486:107841. [PMID: 31655420 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the possibilities of Fischer glycosylation towards the synthesis of bromoalkylglycosides we performed a variety of different reactions resulting in a small library of 16 different glycosides. Using standardized reaction conditions we could gain a broad range of results from small to higher yields. Finally we randomly selected three reactions and performed them with higher amounts of bromoalcohol resulting in significantly better yields, showing the optimization potential of these basic research work.
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49
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Portier F, Solier J, Halila S. N
,N′
-Disubstituted Barbituric Acid: A Versatile and Modular Multifunctional Platform for Obtaining β-C
-Glycoconjugates from Unprotected Carbohydrates in Water. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- François Portier
- Department of Physical-Chemistry and Self-Assembly of Glycopolymers; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV; BP53 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
- CEA, INAC, SyMMES; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS; 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Justine Solier
- Department of Physical-Chemistry and Self-Assembly of Glycopolymers; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV; BP53 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
| | - Sami Halila
- Department of Physical-Chemistry and Self-Assembly of Glycopolymers; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV; BP53 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
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50
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Frantz MC, Dropsit-Montovert S, Pic F, Prévot-Guéguiniat A, Aracil C, Ding Y, Lima M, Alvarez F, Ramos S, Mao L, Lu L, Xu J, Marat X, Dalko-Csiba M. Divergent Entry to C-Glycosides from Unprotected Sugars. Org Lett 2019; 21:2684-2687. [PMID: 30916969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, divergent, and straightforward access to novel C-glycosides has been developed, namely, α-hydroxy carboxamide and carboxylic acid derivatives, via a green and scalable process from unprotected carbohydrates. The method involves condensation of 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid with unprotected sugars followed by subsequent barbiturate oxidative cleavage in the same pot. Further expanding of the chemistry led to the development of efficient entries to diastereoisomerically pure C-glycosyl-α-hydroxy esters or amides through nucleophilic attack on a readily available and versatile key lactone intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Céline Frantz
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation , 1 av. Eugène Schueller , 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois , France
| | | | - Florence Pic
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation , 1 av. Eugène Schueller , 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois , France
| | | | - Clément Aracil
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation , 30 bis rue Maurice Berteaux , 95500 Le Thillay , France
| | - Yudi Ding
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation , 1 av. Eugène Schueller , 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois , France
| | - Magali Lima
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation , 1 av. Eugène Schueller , 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois , France
| | - Francisco Alvarez
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation , 1 av. Eugène Schueller , 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois , France
| | - Susana Ramos
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation , 1 av. Eugène Schueller , 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois , France
| | - Lisheng Mao
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Long Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Jinzhu Xu
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation , 1 av. Eugène Schueller , 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois , France
| | - Xavier Marat
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation , 1 av. Eugène Schueller , 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois , France
| | - Maria Dalko-Csiba
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation , 1 av. Eugène Schueller , 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois , France
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