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Thekke Veettil K, Jayaraman N. Lymph Node Targeting Mediated by Albumin Hitchhiking of Synthetic Tn Glycolipid Leads to Robust In Vivo Antibody Production. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304664. [PMID: 38533876 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Tn antigen is a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen, which is present prominently on the tumor cell surfaces and attracts an interest in vaccine development. This work demonstrates that a synthetic Tn antigen carrying glycoconjugate forms a complex with circulating albumin, delivers the antigen to lymph nodes (LNs), and leads to the efficient production of antibodies against the antigen. Synthetic Tn antigen glycoconjugate, possessing DSPE-PEG2000 linker and lipophilic moieties, undergoes micellization in PBS buffer. In the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA), demicellization of the glycolipid occurs, with a rate constant of 0.18 min-1. In vitro studies show that the glycoconjugate binds preferentially to BSA in the presence of cells. Immunological assessments in mice models reveal the albumin-enabled delivery of the Tn glycoconjugate to antigen-presenting cells in the LNs, specifically leading to a robust humoral immune response. ELISA titers show superior binding, with a saturation dilution of 1:51 200 for Tn glycoconjugate, in comparison to that mediated by the Tn-BSA covalent conjugate with a saturation dilution of 1:6400. Immunohistochemical staining shows delivery of Tn glycoconjugate at the LNs, specifically at the subcapsular sinus and interfollicular areas. The work highlights the potential of albumin-mediated target delivery strategy for cancer immunotherapies.
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2
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Parija I, Yadav S, Jayaraman N. Con A lectin binding by synthetic bivalent arabinomannan tri- and pentasaccharides reveals connectivity-dependent functional valencies. Carbohydr Res 2024; 536:109050. [PMID: 38335804 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Lectin Con A, with specificity to interact with α-d-mannopyranoside, achieves tight binding affinity with the aid of optimal multivalent ligand valencies, distances and orientations between the ligands. A series of synthetic arabinomannans, possessing arabinan core and mannan at the non-reducing ends, is studied to assess the above constraints involved with lectin binding in this report. Trisaccharides, with (1 → 2)(1 → 3), (1 → 2)(1 → 5) and (1 → 3)(1 → 5) glycosidic bond connectivities, and a pentasaccharide with mannopyranosides at the non-reducing ends are synthesized. The binding affinities of the mannose bivalent ligands are studied with tetrameric Con A lectin by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Among the derivatives, trisaccharide with (1 → 2)(1 → 3) glycosidic bond connectivity and the pentasaccharide undergo lectin interaction, clearly fulfilling the bivalent structural and functional valencies. Remaining oligosaccharides exhibit only a functional monovalency, defying the bivalent structural valency. The trisaccharide fulfilling the structural and functional valencies represent the smallest bivalent ligand, undergoing the lectin interaction in a trans-mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Parija
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Shivender Yadav
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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3
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George A, Jayaraman N. Linker length-dependent morphologies in self-assembled structures of anthracene glucosides. Carbohydr Res 2023; 533:108933. [PMID: 37683400 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Anthracenemethyl glucosides, that possess ethylene glycol linkers connecting the glucoside with anthracene moiety, are studied herein. Koenigs-Knorr glycosylation of ethylene glycol-tethered anthracene with acetobromo glucose, followed by removal of the protecting groups, lead to the facile formation of the target glucosides. Aq. solutions of these anthracene glucosides readily undergo self-assembly, with critical aggregation concentration varying between 0.4 and 1 mM, depending on the linker, being ethylene-, di- and tetraethylene glycol, as assessed by photophysical evaluations. Circular dichroism spectra show chiral self-assembled structures for these glucosides in solution, from which a left-handed chirality is adjudged. Morphologies of the self-assembled structures of these glucosides are controlled by the linker length. With the ethylene glycol linker, vesicles form initially, around which tendrils start to grow as the concentration of the glucoside is increased. Whereas, di- and tetraethylene glycol-spaced glucosides prefer agglomerated fractal-like structures, as assessed by microscopies. The aggregation phenomenon in the latter glucosides appears to be under the non-equilibrium-driven, dissipative control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne George
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
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4
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Dey K, Jayaraman N. Synthesis and Studies of Pyridoneimine-Functionalized PETIM Dendrimers. ACS Omega 2023; 8:35929-35936. [PMID: 37810657 PMCID: PMC10552491 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyridinoimine-functionalized poly(ether imine) (PETIM) dendrimers of 1-3 generations, possessing 4-16 moieties at the peripheries, are synthesized. Chloride-functionalized dendrimers are reacted with N-methylamino pyridine, under basic conditions, which led to functionalization of the peripheries of a dendrimer with pyridoneimine moieties. Variable-temperature 1H NMR studies are performed to assess the contributing resonance forms of pyridoneimine in the dendrimers. Solvatochromism and 15N NMR studies aid further the assessment of the contributing resonance forms. Comparison with derivatives that possess 1 and 2 pyridoneimines illustrates the contributing resonance forms between nonaromatic pyridoneimine and zwitter ionic aromatic imidopyridinium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Dey
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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5
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Bag K, Pal AK, Basu S, Singla M, Sarkar B, Chatterji D, Maiti PK, Ghosh A, Jayaraman N. C-4-Modified Isotetrones Prevent Biofilm Growth and Persister Cell Resuscitation in Mycobacterium smegmatis. ACS Omega 2023; 8:20513-20523. [PMID: 37323400 PMCID: PMC10268289 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylated nucleotide (p)ppGpp, synthesized by Rel protein, regulates the stringent response pathway responsible for biofilm and persister cell growth in mycobacteria. The discovery of vitamin C as an inhibitor of Rel protein activities raises the prospect of tetrone lactones to prevent such pathways. The closely related isotetrone lactone derivatives are identified herein as inhibitors of the above processes in a mycobacterium. Synthesis and biochemical evaluations show that an isotetrone possessing phenyl substituent at C-4 inhibit the biofilm formation at 400 μg mL-1, 84 h post-exposure, followed by moderate inhibition by the isotetrone possessing the p-hydroxyphenyl substituent. The latter isotetrone inhibits the growth of persister cells at 400 μg mL-1 f.c. when monitored for 2 weeks, under PBS starvation. Isotetrones also potentiate the inhibition of antibiotic-tolerant regrowth of cells by ciprofloxacin (0.75 μg mL-1) and thus act as bioenhancers. Molecular dynamics studies show that isotetrone derivatives bind to the RelMsm protein more efficiently than vitamin C at a binding site possessing serine, threonine, lysine, and arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingshuk Bag
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Aditya Kumar Pal
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Subhadip Basu
- Department
of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Mamta Singla
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Biplab Sarkar
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Dipankar Chatterji
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Prabal Kumar Maiti
- Department
of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Anirban Ghosh
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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George A, Jayaraman N. Anthracenemethyl Glycosides as Supramolecular Synthons for Chiral Self-Assembly and as Probes in Cell Imaging. ACS Omega 2023; 8:16927-16934. [PMID: 37214669 PMCID: PMC10193555 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chiral self-assembly of molecules warrants optimal structural features of synthons that promote formation of such self-assembled structures. A polyaromatic moiety coupled with hydrophilic, chiral-rich carbohydrates leads to segmentation of the regions and the self-assembly to supramolecular structures. Thermodynamic stability is augmented further through chiral self-assembly of the molecules, and formation of the desired chiral supramolecular structures is achieved. In the present study, we develop anthracene glycosides as efficient synthons that, in aqueous solutions, undergo facile self-assembly and lead to chiral supramolecular structures. Anthracenemethyl O-glycosides, installed with mono- and disaccharides, are studied for their self-assembly properties. Emerging chiral structures follow the configuration of the attached sugar moiety. Monosaccharide d- and l-glycopyranoside-containing derivatives alternate between left- and right-handed chiral structures, respectively. Disaccharide-containing derivatives do not exhibit chirality, even when self-assembly occurred. Photochemical [4π + 4π] cycloaddition occurs in the self-assembled structure in aqueous solution. Cell viability assay using HeLa cells shows above 80% viable cells at a concentration of 50 μM. Bioimaging assays reveal a significant imaging of HeLa cells for anthracenemethyl d-glucopyranoside; bright imaging was observed at the perinuclear region of the cells, suggestive of an active transport of the molecules through the cell membrane. d-Galactopyranoside and l-glucopyranoside-containing derivatives show weak imaging potencies.
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Sarkar B, Mahapa A, Dey K, Manhas R, Chatterji D, Jayaraman N. Aza-Michael promoted glycoconjugation of PETIM dendrimers and selectivity in mycobacterial growth inhibitions. RSC Adv 2023; 13:4669-4677. [PMID: 36760308 PMCID: PMC9897202 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08196b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The benign nature of aza-Michael addition reaction in aqueous solutions is demonstrated herein to conduct a direct glycoconjugation of amine-terminated poly(ether imine) (PETIM) dendrimers. Zero to three generations of dendrimers, possessing up to 16 amine functionalities at their peripheries, undergo aza-Michael reaction with unsaturated sugar vinyl sulfoxide in aq. MeOH solutions and afford the corresponding dendrimers modified with multiple glycosyl moieties at the periphery. First order kinetics of the glycoconjugation is monitored at varying temperatures and the rate constants are observed to be 60-508 s-1, for zero and first generation dendrimers. The antibacterial effects of amine-terminated dendrimers and the corresponding glycoconjugates are studied across Gram-positive, Gram-negative and acid-fast bacteria. Among the species, M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis showed the greatest growth inhibition effect at micromolar concentrations, for the native amine-terminated and the corresponding glycoconjugated dendrimers. Quantitative assays are performed to adjudge the inhibition efficacies of dendrimers and the glycoconjugates. Selectivity to inhibit M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis growth, and minimal effects on other bacterial species by dendrimers and glycoconjugates are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Sarkar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012 India
| | - Avisek Mahapa
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012 India
- Infectious Disease Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu-180001 India
| | - Kalyan Dey
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012 India
| | - Rakshit Manhas
- Infectious Disease Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu-180001 India
| | - Dipankar Chatterji
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012 India
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8
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Sarkar B, Pramanik T, Jayaraman N. Cyclic Disaccharide Formation Enforced by a Ring Contraction: 2,3-Dideoxy Pyranoside Glycoside Donor to a Furanoside Macrocycle. J Org Chem 2023; 88:670-674. [PMID: 36484560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a disaccharide macrocycle through 2,3-dideoxy glucopyranosyl monosaccharide is reported. 2,3-Dideoxy-erythro-hexopyranosyl thioglycoside possessing a free hydroxy functionality at the C-4 carbon is prepared, and cycloglycosylation is conducted. In the event, the cycloglycosylation occurs with a ring contraction of the monosaccharide moiety and affords the cyclic furanoside disaccharide. Solution-phase and single-crystal X-ray diffraction structural characterizations permit the features of the macrocycle to be uncovered. The solubilization and encapsulation properties of the macrocycle are studied in aqueous solutions with 1-aminoadamantane.
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Dey K, Jayaraman N. Anomeric alkylations and acylations of unprotected mono- and disaccharides mediated by pyridoneimine in aqueous solutions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2224-2227. [PMID: 35072677 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07056h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A site-specific deprotonation followed by alkylations and acylations of sugar hemiacetals to the corresponding alkyl glycosides and acylated sugars in aqueous solutions is disclosed herein. Pyridoneimine as a new base is developed to mediate the deprotonation of readily available sugar hemiacetals and further reactions with alkylation and acylation agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Dey
- Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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10
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Abstract
The allylic bromination of allyl glycosides is conducted using NBS/AIBN reagents in (EtO)2CO and PhCF3 solutions, without using CCl4 as a solvent. The activated mixed halo-allyl glycosides led to glycosylations, mediated by a triflate, in a latent-active manner, with the allyl glycosides acting as donors and acceptors. Systematic glycosylation studies are performed with different triflate promoters, non-glycosyl acceptors and various allyl glycosyl donors. One-pot allylic halogenations and subsequent glycosylations are developed in PhCF3 solutions. This newer glycosylation method is utilized to obtain xylo-pyranoside di- and trisaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India.
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Yadav S, Naresh K, Jayaraman N. "Surface Density of Ligands Controls In-Plane and Aggregative Modes of Multivalent Glycovesicle-Lectin Recognitions". Chembiochem 2021; 22:3075-3081. [PMID: 34375491 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glycovesicles are ideal tools to delineate finer mechanisms of the interactions at the biological cell membranes. Multivalency forms the basis which, in turn, should surpass more than one mechanism in order to maintain multiple roles that the ligand-lectin interactions encounter. Ligand densities hold a prime control to attenuate the interactions. In the present study, mannose trisaccharide interacting with a cognate receptor, namely, Con A, is assessed at the vesicle surfaces. A synthetic (1→3)(1→6)-branched mannose trisaccharide is tethered with a diacetylene monomer and glycovesicles of varying sugar densities are prepared. The polydiacetylene vesicles are prepared by maintaining uniform lipid concentrations. The interactions of the glycovesicles with the lectin are probed through dynamic light scattering and UV-Vis spectroscopy techniques. Binding efficacies are assessed by surface plasmon resonance technique. Aggregative and in-plane modes of interactions follow a ligand density-dependant manner at the vesicle surface. Vesicles with sparsely populated ligands engage lectin in an aggregative mode (trans-), leading to a cross-linked complex formation. Whereas glycovesicles imbedded with dense ligands engage lectin interaction in an in-plane mode intramolecularly (cis-). Sub-nanomolar dissociation constants govern the intramolecular interaction occurring within the plane of the vesicle, relatively more efficacious than the aggregative intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivender Yadav
- Indian Institute of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Kottari Naresh
- Indian Institute of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Narayanaswamy Jayaraman
- Indian Institute of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, Sir C.V. Raman Avenue, 560 012, Bangalore, INDIA
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12
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Das A, Jayaraman N. Aglycon reactivity as a guiding principle in latent-active approach to chemical glycosylations. Carbohydr Res 2021; 508:108404. [PMID: 34352649 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemical glycosylations critically depend on the activation of a glycosyl donor and the reaction of this activated donor intermediate with an acceptor alcohol. Whereas many strategies are developed for the activation of an anomeric aglycon substituent, the latent-active method of glycosylation is based specifically on tuning the reactivity of the aglycon substituent of a glycosyl donor. Several novel methods have emerged to install reactive aglycon moiety in a glycosyl donor and fine-tuning the reactivity of the moiety. Remote functionalizations of the aglycon plays a key role in the reactivity tuning. Activation of a remote functionality enables an otherwise latent aglycon to an active moiety, suitable as a glycosyl donor. The latent-active approach provides an advantage to avoid the conversion of the aglycon to another donor prior to a glycosylation, in addition to advancing the contemporary glycosylations with alternate insights. The review analyzes the methodologies that consolidate the latent-active approach to chemical glycosylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Das
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
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13
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Jayaraman N. Display of Rich Reactivities of Endo- and Exocyclic Unsaturated Sugars that Parallel the Native Sugars. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3049-3062. [PMID: 33960656 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Unsaturated monosaccharides expand the scope of reactivities in a sugar, directly leading to the development of newer methodologies, molecular structures and functional entities. The unsaturation as a reactive moiety can either be within the molecule, namely, endocyclic, or as a pendant moiety around the molecule, namely, exocyclic. One carbon homologations aided by reactions at the unsaturated moiety expand the molecular structures in both endo- and exocyclic sugars and lead to structures that are largely hitherto unknown. Molecular shifts and rearrangements permit interchanging the reactivities from one carbon to the other in unsaturated sugars. Activations of exocyclic unsaturated sugars also find newer possibilities to reactions central to the sugar chemistry, namely, the glycosylations. The personal reflections result from a couple of decades of explorations that traverse through the unsaturated sugars from different vantage points.
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Kunalan S, Dey K, Roy PK, Velachi V, Maiti PK, Palanivelu K, Jayaraman N. Efficient facilitated transport PETIM dendrimer-PVA-PEG/PTFE composite flat-bed membranes for selective removal of CO2. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.119007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Bioconjugations under benign aqueous conditions have the most promise to covalently link carbohydrates onto chosen molecular and macromolecular scaffolds. Chemical methodologies relying on C-C and C-heteroatom bond formations are the methods of choice, coupled with the reaction conditions being under aqueous milieu. A number of methods, including metal-mediated, as well as metal-free azide-alkyne cyclo-addition, photocatalyzed thiol-ene reaction, amidation, reductive amination, disulfide bond formation, conjugate addition, nucleophilic addition to vinyl sulfones and vinyl sulfoxides, native chemical ligation, Staudinger ligation, olefin metathesis, and Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reactions have been developed, in efforts to conduct glycoconjugation of chosen molecular and biomolecular structures. Within these, many methods require pre-functionalization of the scaffolds, whereas methods that do not require such pre-functionalization continue to be few and far between. The compilation covers synthetic methodology development for carbohydrate conjugation onto biomolecular and biomacromolecular scaffolds. The importance of such glycoconjugations on the functional properties is also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Sarkar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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16
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Maiti K, Samanta GC, Jayaraman N. Chemical synthesis of small-ring cyclic oligosaccharides. ARKIVOC 2020. [DOI: 10.24820/ark.5550190.p011.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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17
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Yadav S, Naresh K, Jayaraman N. Surface Ligand Density Switches Glycovesicles between Monomeric and Multimeric Lectin Recognition. Chembiochem 2020; 22:485-490. [PMID: 32926592 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-protein interactions define a multitude of cellular recognition events. We present herein synthetic glycovesicles as cell-surface mimics in order to switch the nature of lectin recognition. The covalent glycovesicles, constituted with diacetylene monomers of various ligand densities at their surfaces, are prepared through photo-polymerization. Vesicles with sparsely imbedded ligands engage in a lectin interaction leading to the formation of a dense, crosslinked multimeric complex. On the other hand, vesicles with many ligands, or completely covered with them, switch the lectin interaction to form a fully soluble monomeric complex, without crosslinking. Nanomolar dissociation constants govern these interactions, as assessed by a ligand-displacement assay. The study demonstrates the switching nature - between monomeric and multimeric - of the interaction as a function of ligand density in the vesicles; the results are directly relevant to understanding such a phenomenon occurring at cell surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivender Yadav
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Kottari Naresh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.,Present address: HP Green R&D Centre, KIADB Industrial Area, Bangalore, 560 067, India
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Jayaprakash NG, Singh A, Vivek R, Yadav S, Pathak S, Trivedi J, Jayaraman N, Nandi D, Mitra D, Surolia A. The barley lectin, horcolin, binds high-mannose glycans in a multivalent fashion, enabling high-affinity, specific inhibition of cellular HIV infection. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:12111-12129. [PMID: 32636304 PMCID: PMC7443486 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Linked glycans are critical to the infection cycle of HIV, and most neutralizing antibodies target the high-mannose glycans found on the surface envelope glycoprotein-120 (gp120). Carbohydrate-binding proteins, particularly mannose-binding lectins, have also been shown to bind these glycans. Despite their therapeutic potency, their ability to cause lymphocyte proliferation limits their application. In this study, we report one such lectin named horcolin (Hordeum vulgare lectin), seen to lack mitogenicity owing to the divergence in the residues at its carbohydrate-binding sites, which makes it a promising candidate for exploration as an anti-HIV agent. Extensive isothermal titration calorimetry experiments reveal that the lectin was sensitive to the length and branching of mannooligosaccharides and thereby the total valency. Modeling and simulation studies demonstrate two distinct modes of binding, a monovalent binding to shorter saccharides and a bivalent mode for higher glycans, involving simultaneous interactions of multiple glycan arms with the primary carbohydrate-binding sites. This multivalent mode of binding was further strengthened by interactions of core mannosyl residues with a secondary conserved site on the protein, leading to an exponential increase in affinity. Finally, we confirmed the interaction of horcolin with recombinant gp120 and gp140 with high affinity and inhibition of HIV infection at nanomolar concentrations without mitogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amrita Singh
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Rahul Vivek
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Shivender Yadav
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sanmoy Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Jay Trivedi
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University, Pune, India
| | | | - Dipankar Nandi
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Debashis Mitra
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Avadhesha Surolia
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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B UR, Tandon H, Pradhan MK, Adhikesavan H, Srinivasan N, Das S, Jayaraman N. Potent HCV NS3 Protease Inhibition by a Water-Soluble Phyllanthin Congener. ACS Omega 2020; 5:11553-11562. [PMID: 32478245 PMCID: PMC7254805 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
NS3/4A protease of hepatitis C virus (HCV) plays an important role in viral RNA replication. A 1,4-diphenylbutanedicarboxylic acid derivative, namely, phyllanthin, extracted from the leaf of a herbal plant, Phyllanthus amarus, inhibits HCV NS3/4A protease and replication activities. However, the reduced aqueous solubility, high toxicity, and poor oral bioavailability are major impediments with phyllanthin. We herein present a design approach to generate phyllanthin congeners in order to potentiate inhibition activity against protease. The phyllanthin congeners were synthesized by chemical methods and subjected to systematic biological studies. One of the congeners, annotated as D8, is identified as a novel and potent inhibitor of the HCV-NS3/4Aprotease activity in vitro and the viral RNA replication in cell culture. Structural analysis using the computational-based docking approach demonstrated important noncovalent interactions between D8 and the catalytic residues of the viral protease. Furthermore, D8 was found to be significantly nontoxic in cell culture. More importantly, oral administration of D8 in BALB/c mice proved its better tolerability and bioavailability, as compared to native phyllanthin. Taken together, this study reveals a promising candidate for developing anti-HCV therapeutics to control HCV-induced liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Reddy B
- Microbiology and
Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Himani Tandon
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Manoj K. Pradhan
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of
Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | | | | | - Saumitra Das
- Microbiology and
Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
- National Institute
of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani 741 251, India
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivender Yadav
- Department of Organic ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012 India
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21
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Sarkar B, Mahapa A, Chatterji D, Jayaraman N. Sugar Vinyl Sulfoxide Glycoconjugation of Peptides and Lysozyme: Abrogation of Proteolysis at the Lysine Sites. Biochemistry 2019; 58:3561-3565. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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Pal R, Das A, Jayaraman N. One-pot oligosaccharide synthesis: latent-active method of glycosylations and radical halogenation activation of allyl glycosides. PURE APPL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2019-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Chemical glycosylations occupy a central importance to synthesize tailor-made oligo- and polysaccharides of functional importance. Generation of the oxocarbenium ion or the glycosyl cation is the method of choice in order to form the glycosidic bond interconnecting a glycosyl moiety with a glycosyl/aglycosyl moiety. A number of elegant methods have been devised that allow the glycosyl cation formation in a fairly stream-lined manner to a large extent. The latent-active method provides a powerful approach in the protecting group controlled glycosylations. In this context, allyl glycosides have been developed to meet the requirement of latent-active reactivities under appropriate glycosylation conditions. Radical halogenation provides a newer route of activation of allyl glycosides to an activated allylic glycoside. Such an allylic halide activation subjects the glycoside reactive under acid catalysis, leading to the conversion to a glycosyl cation and subsequent glycosylation with a number of acceptors. The complete anomeric selectivity favoring the 1,2-trans-anomeric glycosides points to the possibility of a preferred conformation of the glycosyl cation. This article discusses about advancements in the selectivity of glycosylations, followed by delineating the allylic halogenation of allyl glycoside as a glycosylation method and demonstrates synthesis of a repertoire of di- and trisaccharides, including xylosides, with varied protecting groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Pal
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India
| | - Anupama Das
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India
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23
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Mahapa A, Samanta GC, Maiti K, Chatterji D, Jayaraman N. Mannopyranoside Glycolipids Inhibit Mycobacterial and Biofilm Growth and Potentiate Isoniazid Inhibition Activities in M. smegmatis. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1966-1976. [PMID: 30951240 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipomannan and lipoarabinomannan are integral components of the mycobacterial cell wall. Earlier studies demonstrated that synthetic arabinan and arabinomannan glycolipids acted as inhibitors of mycobacterial growth, in addition to exhibiting inhibitory activities of mycobacterial biofilm. Herein, it is demonstrated that synthetic mannan glycolipids are better inhibitors of mycobacterial growth, whereas lipoarabinomannan has a higher inhibition efficiency to biofilm. Syntheses of mannan glycolipids with a graded number of mannan moieties and an arabinomannan glycolipid are conducted by chemical methods and subsequent mycobacterial growth and biofilm inhibition studies are conducted on Mycobacterium smegmatis. Growth inhibition of (73±3) % is observed with a mannose trisaccharide containing a glycolipid, whereas this glycolipid did not promote biofilm inhibition activity better than that of arabinomannan glycolipid. The antibiotic supplementation activities of glycolipids on growth and biofilm inhibitions are evaluated. Increases in growth and biofilm inhibitions are observed if the antibiotic is supplemented with glycolipids, which leads to a significant reduction of inhibition concentrations of the antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Mahapa
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Gopal Ch Samanta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Krishnagopal Maiti
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Dipankar Chatterji
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
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24
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Samanta G, Maiti K, Jayaraman N. Glycosidic Bond Expanded Cyclic Oligosaccharides: Synthesis and Host-Guest Binding Property of a Cyclic Pentasaccharide. ACS Omega 2018; 3:7466-7473. [PMID: 31458903 PMCID: PMC6644367 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A new cyclic pentasaccharide comprising an oxymethylene glycosidic bond connecting the individual α-d-glycopyranoside monomers is synthesized through cycloglycosylation of a linear pentasaccharide precursor, which, in turn, is synthesized through the block glycosylation method. Molecular modeling shows that the 30-membered macrocyclic pentasaccharide is a distorted ellipsoid structure, with the lower and upper rims occupied by secondary and primary hydroxyl groups, respectively. Following the synthesis, the microenvironment of the cyclic pentasaccharide is assessed through thermodynamic evaluation upon complexation with 1-aminoadamantane in an aqueous solution, which shows the formation of ∼1:2 host-to-guest complex and a binding affinity of 10 500 (±425) M-1. Synthesis and assessment of the host-guest binding property of the new glycosidic bond expanded cyclic pentasaccharide are presented.
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25
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Abstract
Radical halogenation-mediated glycosylation using allyl glycosides as donors and as acceptors emerges to be an efficient and hither-to unknown glycosylation method, adhering to the concept of the latent–active methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Pal
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Anupama Das
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
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26
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Maiti K, Syal K, Chatterji D, Jayaraman N. Synthetic Arabinomannan Heptasaccharide Glycolipids Inhibit Biofilm Growth and Augment Isoniazid Effects in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1959-1970. [PMID: 28771901 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation, involving attachment to an adherent surface, is a critical survival strategy of mycobacterial colonies in hostile environmental conditions. Here we report the synthesis of heptasaccharide glycolipids based on mannopyranoside units anchored on to a branched arabinofuranoside core. Two types of glycolipids-2,3-branched and 2,5-branched-were synthesized and evaluated for their efficacies in inhibiting biofilm growth by the non-pathogenic mycobacterium variant Mycobacterium smegmatis. Biofilm formation was inhibited at a minimum biofilm growth inhibition concentration (MBIC) of 100 μg mL-1 in the case of the 2,5-branched heptasaccharide glycolipid. Further, we were able to ascertain that a combination of the drug isoniazid with the branched heptasaccharide glycolipid (50 μg mL-1 ) potentiates the drug, making it three times more effective, with an improved MBIC of 30 μg mL-1 . These studies establish that synthetic glycolipids not only act as inhibitors of biofilm growth, but also provide a synergistic effect when combined with significantly lowered concentrations of isoniazid to disrupt the biofilm structures of the mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnagopal Maiti
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Kirtimaan Syal
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Dipankar Chatterji
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
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27
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Lakshminarayanan A, Jayaraman N. Successive outermost-to-core shell directionality of the protonation of poly(propyl ether imine) dendritic gene delivery vectors. CAN J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The protonation behaviour of polycationic compounds has direct relevance to their ability to condense and deliver nucleic acids. This report pertains to a study of the protonation behaviour of polycationic poly(propyl ether imine) (PETIM) dendritic gene delivery vectors that are constituted with tertiary amine core moiety and branch sites, n-propyl ether linkages, and primary amine peripheries. The ability of this series of dendrimers to condense nucleic acids and mediate endosomal escape was studied by unravelling the protonation behaviour of the dendrimers aided by pH metric titrations and 1H and 15N NMR spectroscopies. The results demonstrate protonation of the primary and tertiary amines of outermost-to-core shells occurring in a successive stepwise fashion, in contrast to other polycationic vectors. Theoretical calculations based on the Ising model rationalize further the finer details of protonation at each shell. The protonation pattern correlates with the endosomal buffering and nucleic acid condensation properties of this PETIM-based dendritic gene delivery vectors. The study establishes that the protonation behaviour is a critical and essential parameter to assess the gene condensation and delivery vector properties of a polycationic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Lakshminarayanan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Narayanaswamy Jayaraman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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28
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Jayanthi S, Muthu DVS, Jayaraman N, Sampath S, Sood AK. Semiconducting Conjugated Microporous Polymer: An Electrode Material for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting and Oxygen Reduction. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Jayanthi
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore-560012 India
| | - D. V. S. Muthu
- Department of Physics; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore-560012 India
| | - N. Jayaraman
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore-560012 India
| | - S. Sampath
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore-560012 India
| | - A. K. Sood
- Department of Physics; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore-560012 India
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29
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Singh Y, Jayaraman N. Visual Detection of pH and Biomolecular Interactions at Micromolar Concentrations Aided by a Trivalent Diacetylene-Based Vesicle. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yashapal Singh
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560 012 India
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30
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Maiti K, Samanta GK, Daskhan GC, Jayaraman N. Chemical and enzymatic approaches to the synthesis of cyclic oligosaccharides. Carbohydrate Chemistry 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782626657-00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Syal K, Maiti K, Naresh K, Avaji PG, Chatterji D, Jayaraman N. Synthetic arabinomannan glycolipids impede mycobacterial growth, sliding motility and biofilm structure. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:763-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnagopal Maiti
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
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33
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Singh Y, Jayaraman N. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 8/2016. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201670025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yashapal Singh
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560 012 India
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34
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Singh Y, Jayaraman N. Multicolor Reversible Thermochromic Properties of Gallic Acid-Cored Polydiacetylenes Appended with Poly(alkyl aryl ether) Dendrons. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yashapal Singh
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560 012 India
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35
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Lakshminarayanan A, Reddy BU, Raghav N, Ravi VK, Kumar A, Maiti PK, Sood AK, Jayaraman N, Das S. A galactose-functionalized dendritic siRNA-nanovector to potentiate hepatitis C inhibition in liver cells. Nanoscale 2015; 7:16921-16931. [PMID: 26411288 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02898a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A RNAi based antiviral strategy holds the promise to impede hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection overcoming the problem of emergence of drug resistant variants, usually encountered in the interferon free direct-acting antiviral therapy. Targeted delivery of siRNA helps minimize adverse 'off-target' effects and maximize the efficacy of therapeutic response. Herein, we report the delivery of siRNA against the conserved 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of HCV RNA using a liver-targeted dendritic nano-vector functionalized with a galactopyranoside ligand (DG). Physico-chemical characterization revealed finer details of complexation of DG with siRNA, whereas molecular dynamic simulations demonstrated sugar moieties projecting "out" in the complex. Preferential delivery of siRNA to the liver was achieved through a highly specific ligand-receptor interaction between dendritic galactose and the asialoglycoprotein receptor. The siRNA-DG complex exhibited perinuclear localization in liver cells and co-localization with viral proteins. The histopathological studies showed the systemic tolerance and biocompatibility of DG. Further, whole body imaging and immunohistochemistry studies confirmed the preferential delivery of the nucleic acid to mice liver. Significant decrease in HCV RNA levels (up to 75%) was achieved in HCV subgenomic replicon and full length HCV-JFH1 infectious cell culture systems. The multidisciplinary approach provides the 'proof of concept' for restricted delivery of therapeutic siRNAs using a target oriented dendritic nano-vector.
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jayaraman
- Indian Institute of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bangalore 560012, India.
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37
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Dey S, Jayaraman N. Glycosidic bond hydrolysis in septanosides: a comparison of mono-, di-, and 2-chloro-2-deoxy-septanosides. Carbohydr Res 2014; 399:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Bhattacharya R, Kanchi S, C R, Lakshminarayanan A, Seeck OH, Maiti PK, Ayappa KG, Jayaraman N, Basu JK. A new microscopic insight into membrane penetration and reorganization by PETIM dendrimers. Soft Matter 2014; 10:7577-7587. [PMID: 25115726 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01112k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are highly branched polymeric nanoparticles whose structure and topology, largely, have determined their efficacy in a wide range of studies performed so far. An area of immense interest is their potential as drug and gene delivery vectors. Realizing this potential, depending on the nature of cell surface-dendrimer interactions, here we report controlled model membrane penetration and reorganization, using a model supported lipid bilayer and poly(ether imine) (PETIM) dendrimers of two generations. By systematically varying the areal density of the lipid bilayers, we provide a microscopic insight, through a combination of high resolution scattering, atomic force microscopy and atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, into the mechanism of PETIM dendrimer membrane penetration, pore formation and membrane re-organization induced by such interactions. Our work represents the first systematic observation of a regular barrel-like membrane spanning pore formation by dendrimers, tunable through lipid bilayer packing, without membrane disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bhattacharya
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India.
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39
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Abstract
AbstractConformational analysis of unnatural seven-membered sugars, namely, septanoses and septanosides are discussed herein. The conformational properties of these sugars in the solid state, solution phase and computational methods are presented. The analyses reveal that conformations of septanosides are diverse and largely unpredictable, as compared furanosides and pyranosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Dey
- 1Indian Institute of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bangalore –560012, India
| | - N. Jayaraman
- 1Indian Institute of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bangalore –560012, India
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40
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Jayaraman N. 27th International Carbohydrate Symposium (ICS-27). PURE APPL CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2014-5052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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41
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Dey S, Basuroy K, Jayaraman N. Dense network of OH⋯O and CH⋯O interactions in the solid state structure of n-pentyl-2-chloro-2-deoxy-α-d-manno-sept 3-uloside. Carbohydr Res 2014; 393:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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42
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Dey S, Jayaraman N. Exclusive ring opening of gem-dihalo-1,2-cyclopropanated oxyglycal to oxepines in AgOAc. Carbohydr Res 2014; 389:66-71. [PMID: 24612864 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of gem-dihalo-1,2-cyclopropanated d-oxyglycal with primary, secondary, and unsaturated alcohols, in the presence of AgOAc, leads to the formation of chloro-oxepines exclusively. Reaction of the resulting 2-chloro-oxepines with excess alcohol in the presence of AgOAc, do not promote further reactions. This result is in contrast to the reactions of d-glucal derived halo-oxepine with alcohols known previously that lead to the formation of furanoses as the major product under similar reaction conditions. Observation of this study consolidates the reactivity differences of gem-dihalo-1,2-cyclopropanated oxyglycals, as compared to gem-dihalo-1,2-cyclopropanated glycals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Dey
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - N Jayaraman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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43
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44
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Abstract
Synthesis of backbone-modified cyclic di- and tetrasaccharides, their guest solubilizations in aqueous and organic solutions, and glycosidic bond stabilities are reported.
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45
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Sharma A, König B, Jayaraman N. Photocatalytic disassembly of tertiary amine-based dendrimers to monomers and their application to the ‘catch and release’ of a dye in aqueous solution. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00356j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Covalent bond disassembly of tertiary amine based dendrimers and their application to the ‘catch and release’ of a water-insoluble dye are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindra Sharma
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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46
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Lakshminarayanan A, Ravi VK, Tatineni R, Rajesh YBRD, Maingi V, Vasu KS, Madhusudhan N, Maiti PK, Sood AK, Das S, Jayaraman N. Efficient Dendrimer–DNA Complexation and Gene Delivery Vector Properties of Nitrogen-Core Poly(propyl ether imine) Dendrimer in Mammalian Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1612-23. [DOI: 10.1021/bc400247w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Lakshminarayanan
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Microbiology and Cell
Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Ravi
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Microbiology and Cell
Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Ranjitha Tatineni
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Microbiology and Cell
Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Y. B. R. D. Rajesh
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Microbiology and Cell
Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Vishal Maingi
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Microbiology and Cell
Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - K. S. Vasu
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Microbiology and Cell
Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Nandhitha Madhusudhan
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Microbiology and Cell
Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Prabal K. Maiti
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Microbiology and Cell
Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - A. K. Sood
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Microbiology and Cell
Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Saumitra Das
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Microbiology and Cell
Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - N. Jayaraman
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics, and §Department of Microbiology and Cell
Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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Jayaraman N, Maiti K, Naresh K. Multivalent glycoliposomes and micelles to study carbohydrate-protein and carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4640-56. [PMID: 23487184 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs00001j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review describes multivalent carbohydrate-protein and carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction studies that utilize self-assembled aggregates of thermodynamically stable liposomes and micelles. Strategies to prepare multivalent glycoliposomes and micelles include: (i) insertion of synthetic glycolipids into matrix lipids; (ii) preparation of glycolipids that aggregate to liposomes and micelles and (iii) modification of the hydrophilic surfaces with desired sugars. Several design strategies have been developed in order to obtain constituent glycolipids, having multivalent sugar moieties and their subsequent interactions with proteins were assessed in relation to the type of linkers that connect the hydrophilic and lipophilic segments. Lipophilic segments other than alkyl chains have also been developed. Polymer based glycoliposomes and micelles form an emphasis. Further, glycoliposomes facilitate studies of carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions. An overview of the various types of glycoliposomes and micelles used to study carbohydrate-protein and carbohydrate-carbohydrate recognition phenomena is presented.
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Bagul RS, Rajesh YB, Jayamurugan G, Bera A, Sood A, Jayaraman N. Photophysical behavior of poly(propyl ether imine) dendrimer in the presence of nitroaromatic compounds. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mukherjee A, Jayaraman N. 2,3-Unsaturated enoses. A Pummerer rearrangement route to sugar vinyl sulfides and synthesis of 3-deoxy-3-alkyl/arylsulfinyl pyranosides. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Dey S, Jayaraman N. Branching out at C-2 of septanosides. Synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-C-alkyl/aryl septanosides from a bromo-oxepine. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:522-7. [PMID: 22509224 PMCID: PMC3326632 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper deals with the synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-C-alkyl/aryl septanosides. A range of such septanoside derivatives was synthesized by using a common bromo-oxepine intermediate, involving C-C bond forming organometallic reactions. Unsaturated, seven-membered septanoside vinyl bromides or bromo-oxepines, obtained through a ring expansion methodology of the cyclopropane derivatives of oxyglycals, displayed a good reactivity towards several acceptor moieties in C-C bond forming Heck, Suzuki and Sonogashira coupling reactions, thus affording 2-deoxy-2-C-alkyl/aryl septanosides. Whereas Heck and Sonogashira coupling reactions afforded 2-deoxy-2-C-alkenyl and -alkynyl derivatives, respectively, the Suzuki reaction afforded 2-deoxy-2-C-aryl septanosides. Deprotection and reduction of the 2-deoxy-2-alkenyl derivative afforded the corresponding 2-deoxy-2-C-alkyl septanoside free of protecting groups. The present study illustrates the reactivity of bromo-oxepine in the synthesis of hitherto unknown septanosides, branching out at C-2, through C-C bond formation with alkyl and aryl substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Dey
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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