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Zambra M, Ranđelović I, Talarico F, Borbély A, Svajda L, Tóvári J, Mező G, Bodero L, Colombo S, Arrigoni F, Fasola E, Gazzola S, Piarulli U. Optimizing the enzymatic release of MMAE from isoDGR-based small molecule drug conjugate by incorporation of a GPLG-PABC enzymatically cleavable linker. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1215694. [PMID: 37492088 PMCID: PMC10363981 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1215694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) and Small Molecule-Drug Conjugates (SMDCs) represent successful examples of targeted drug-delivery technologies for overcoming unwanted side effects of conventional chemotherapy in cancer treatment. In both strategies, a cytotoxic payload is connected to the tumor homing moiety through a linker that releases the drug inside or in proximity of the tumor cell, and that represents a key component for the final therapeutic effect of the conjugate. Here, we show that the replacement of the Val-Ala-p-aminobenzyloxycarbamate linker with the Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-p-aminobenzyloxycarbamate (GPLG-PABC) sequence as enzymatically cleavable linker in the SMDC bearing the cyclo[DKP-isoDGR] αVβ3 integrin ligand as tumor homing moiety and the monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) as cytotoxic payload led to a 4-fold more potent anti-tumoral effect of the final conjugate on different cancer cell lines. In addition, the synthesized conjugate resulted to be significantly more potent than the free MMAE when tested following the "kiss-and-run" protocol, and the relative potency were clearly consistent with the expression of the αVβ3 integrin receptor in the considered cancer cell lines. In vitro enzymatic cleavage tests showed that the GPLG-PABC linker is cleaved by lysosomal enzymes, and that the released drug is observable already after 15 min of incubation. Although additional data are needed to fully characterize the releasing capacity of GPLG-PABC linker, our findings are of therapeutic significance since we are introducing an alternative to other well-established enzymatically sensitive peptide sequences that might be used in the future for generating more efficient and less toxic drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zambra
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Ivan Ranđelović
- The National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Francesco Talarico
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Adina Borbély
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group and Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laura Svajda
- KINETO Lab Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Tóvári
- The National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mező
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lizeth Bodero
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Sveva Colombo
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
- Department of Chemistry Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Federico Arrigoni
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Elettra Fasola
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Silvia Gazzola
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Umberto Piarulli
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
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Tvaroška I, Kozmon S, Kóňa J. Molecular Modeling Insights into the Structure and Behavior of Integrins: A Review. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020324. [PMID: 36672259 PMCID: PMC9856412 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric glycoproteins crucial to the physiology and pathology of many biological functions. As adhesion molecules, they mediate immune cell trafficking, migration, and immunological synapse formation during inflammation and cancer. The recognition of the vital roles of integrins in various diseases revealed their therapeutic potential. Despite the great effort in the last thirty years, up to now, only seven integrin-based drugs have entered the market. Recent progress in deciphering integrin functions, signaling, and interactions with ligands, along with advancement in rational drug design strategies, provide an opportunity to exploit their therapeutic potential and discover novel agents. This review will discuss the molecular modeling methods used in determining integrins' dynamic properties and in providing information toward understanding their properties and function at the atomic level. Then, we will survey the relevant contributions and the current understanding of integrin structure, activation, the binding of essential ligands, and the role of molecular modeling methods in the rational design of antagonists. We will emphasize the role played by molecular modeling methods in progress in these areas and the designing of integrin antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Tvaroška
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
| | - Stanislav Kozmon
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Medical Vision o. z., Záhradnícka 4837/55, 821 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Kóňa
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Medical Vision o. z., Záhradnícka 4837/55, 821 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Gomari MM, Abkhiz S, Pour TG, Lotfi E, Rostami N, Monfared FN, Ghobari B, Mosavi M, Alipour B, Dokholyan NV. Peptidomimetics in cancer targeting. Mol Med 2022; 28:146. [PMID: 36476230 PMCID: PMC9730693 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00577-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The low efficiency of treatment strategies is one of the main obstacles to developing cancer inhibitors. Up to now, various classes of therapeutics have been developed to inhibit cancer progression. Peptides due to their small size and easy production compared to proteins are highly regarded in designing cancer vaccines and oncogenic pathway inhibitors. Although peptides seem to be a suitable therapeutic option, their short lifespan, instability, and low binding affinity for their target have not been widely applicable against malignant tumors. Given the peptides' disadvantages, a new class of agents called peptidomimetic has been introduced. With advances in physical chemistry and biochemistry, as well as increased knowledge about biomolecule structures, it is now possible to chemically modify peptides to develop efficient peptidomimetics. In recent years, numerous studies have been performed to the evaluation of the effectiveness of peptidomimetics in inhibiting metastasis, angiogenesis, and cancerous cell growth. Here, we offer a comprehensive review of designed peptidomimetics to diagnose and treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahmoudi Gomari
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Abkhiz
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taha Ghantab Pour
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Lotfi
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Rostami
- grid.411425.70000 0004 0417 7516Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nafe Monfared
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Ghobari
- grid.412831.d0000 0001 1172 3536Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mona Mosavi
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behruz Alipour
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Medical Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikolay V. Dokholyan
- grid.240473.60000 0004 0543 9901Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA ,grid.240473.60000 0004 0543 9901Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
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Design of α/β-Hybrid Peptide Ligands of α4β1 Integrin Equipped with a Linkable Side Chain for Chemoselective Biofunctionalization of Microstructured Materials. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111737. [PMID: 34829965 PMCID: PMC8615975 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-binding integrins, e.g., αvβ3, αvβ1, αvβ5 integrins, are currently regarded as privileged targets for the delivery of diagnostic and theranostic agents, especially in cancer treatment. In contrast, scarce attention has been paid so far to the diagnostic opportunities promised by integrins that recognize other peptide motifs. In particular, α4β1 integrin is involved in inflammatory, allergic, and autoimmune diseases, therefore, it represents an interesting therapeutic target. Aiming at obtaining simple, highly stable ligands of α4β1 integrin, we designed hybrid α/β peptidomimetics carrying linkable side chains for the expedient functionalization of biomaterials, nano- and microparticles. We identified the prototypic ligands MPUPA-(R)-isoAsp(NHPr)-Gly-OH (12) and MPUPA-Dap(Ac)-Gly-OH (13) (MPUPA, methylphenylureaphenylacetic acid; Dap, 2,3-diamino propionic acid). Modification of 12 and 13 by introduction of flexible linkers at isoAsp or Dap gave 49 and 50, respectively, which allowed for coating with monolayers (ML) of flat zeolite crystals. The resulting peptide–zeolite MLs were able to capture selectively α4β1 integrin-expressing cells. In perspective, the α4β1 integrin ligands identified in this study can find applications for preparing biofunctionalized surfaces and diagnostic devices to control the progression of α4β1 integrin-correlated diseases.
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Balachandra C, Padhi D, Govindaraju T. Cyclic Dipeptide: A Privileged Molecular Scaffold to Derive Structural Diversity and Functional Utility. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2558-2587. [PMID: 33938157 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic dipeptides (CDPs) are the simplest form of cyclic peptides with a wide range of applications from therapeutics to biomaterials. CDP is a versatile molecular platform endowed with unique properties such as conformational rigidity, intermolecular interactions, structural diversification through chemical synthesis, bioavailability and biocompatibility. A variety of natural products with the CDP core exhibit anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. The inherent bioactivities have inspired the development of synthetic analogues as drug candidates and drug delivery systems. CDP plays a crucial role as conformation and molecular assembly directing core in the design of molecular receptors, peptidomimetics and fabrication of functional material architectures. In recent years, CDP has rapidly become a privileged scaffold for the design of advanced drug candidates, drug delivery agents, bioimaging, and biomaterials to mitigate numerous disease conditions. This review describes the structural diversification and multifarious biomedical applications of the CDP scaffold, discusses challenges, and provides future directions for the emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenikkayala Balachandra
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P.O., Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Dikshaa Padhi
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P.O., Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P.O., Bangalore, 560064, India
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Bodero L, Parente S, Arrigoni F, Klimpel A, Neundorf I, Gazzola S, Piarulli U. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of an
iso
DGR‐Paclitaxel Conjugate Containing a Cell‐Penetrating Peptide to Promote Cellular Uptake. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth Bodero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
| | - Sara Parente
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
| | - Federico Arrigoni
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
| | - Annika Klimpel
- University of Cologne Department of Chemistry Institute for Biochemistry Zuelpicher Str. 47a 50674 Cologne Germany
| | - Ines Neundorf
- University of Cologne Department of Chemistry Institute for Biochemistry Zuelpicher Str. 47a 50674 Cologne Germany
| | - Silvia Gazzola
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
| | - Umberto Piarulli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
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Panzeri S, Arosio D, Gazzola S, Belvisi L, Civera M, Potenza D, Vasile F, Kemker I, Ertl T, Sewald N, Reiser O, Piarulli U. Cyclic RGD and isoDGR Integrin Ligands Containing cis-2-amino-1-cyclopentanecarboxylic ( cis-β-ACPC) Scaffolds. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245966. [PMID: 33339382 PMCID: PMC7766232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin ligands containing the tripeptide sequences Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) and iso-Asp-Gly- Arg (isoDGR) were actively investigated as inhibitors of tumor angiogenesis and directing unit in tumor-targeting drug conjugates. Reported herein is the synthesis, of two RGD and one isoDGR cyclic peptidomimetics containing (1S,2R) and (1R,2S) cis-2-amino-1-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (cis-β-ACPC), using a mixed solid phase/solution phase synthetic protocol. The three ligands were examined in vitro in competitive binding assays to the purified αvβ3 and α5β1 receptors using biotinylated vitronectin (αvβ3) and fibronectin (α5β1) as natural displaced ligands. The IC50 values of the ligands ranged from nanomolar (the two RGD ligands) to micromolar (the isoDGR ligand) with a pronounced selectivity for αvβ3 over α5β1. In vitro cell adhesion assays were also performed using the human skin melanoma cell line WM115 (rich in integrin αvβ3). The two RGD ligands showed IC50 values in the same micromolar range as the reference compound (cyclo[RGDfV]), while for the isoDGR derivative an IC50 value could not be measured for the cell adhesion assay. A conformational analysis of the free RGD and isoDGR ligands by NMR (VT-NMR and NOESY experiments) and computational studies (MC/EM and MD), followed by docking simulations performed in the αVβ3 integrin active site, provided a rationale for the behavior of these ligands toward the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Panzeri
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy; (S.P.); (S.G.)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.E.); (O.R.)
| | - Daniela Arosio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (SCITEC), Giulio Natta, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Silvia Gazzola
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy; (S.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.B.); (M.C.); (D.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Monica Civera
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.B.); (M.C.); (D.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Donatella Potenza
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.B.); (M.C.); (D.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Francesca Vasile
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.B.); (M.C.); (D.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Isabell Kemker
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (I.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Thomas Ertl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.E.); (O.R.)
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (I.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (T.E.); (O.R.)
| | - Umberto Piarulli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy; (S.P.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Sani S, Messe M, Fuchs Q, Pierrevelcin M, Laquerriere P, Entz-Werle N, Reita D, Etienne-Selloum N, Bruban V, Choulier L, Martin S, Dontenwill M. Biological Relevance of RGD-Integrin Subtype-Specific Ligands in Cancer. Chembiochem 2020; 22:1151-1160. [PMID: 33140906 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane proteins able to connect cells with the micro-environment. They represent a family of receptors involved in almost all the hallmarks of cancer. Integrins recognizing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide in their natural extracellular matrix ligands have been particularly investigated as tumoral therapeutic targets. In the last 30 years, intense research has been dedicated to designing specific RGD-like ligands able to discriminate selectively the different RGD-recognizing integrins. Chemists' efforts have led to the proposition of modified peptide or peptidomimetic libraries to be used for tumor targeting and/or tumor imaging. Here we review, from the biological point of view, the rationale underlying the need to clearly delineate each RGD-integrin subtype by selective tools. We describe the complex roles of RGD-integrins (mainly the most studied αvβ3 and α5β1 integrins) in tumors, the steps towards selective ligands and the current usefulness of such ligands. Although the impact of integrins in cancer is well acknowledged, the biological characteristics of each integrin subtype in a specific tumor are far from being completely resolved. Selective ligands might help us to reconsider integrins as therapeutic targets in specific clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saidu Sani
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
- Cancer and Diabetic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, P.M.B, 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Mélissa Messe
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), UMR CNRS 7178, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Quentin Fuchs
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Marina Pierrevelcin
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Patrice Laquerriere
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), UMR CNRS 7178, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Natacha Entz-Werle
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology Department, Pediatrics, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, 67098, Strasbourg, France
| | - Damien Reita
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
- Department of Oncobiology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, France
| | - Nelly Etienne-Selloum
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
- Institut du Cancer Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Service de Pharmacie, 17 rue Albert Calmette, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Bruban
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Choulier
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Martin
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Monique Dontenwill
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
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Shah SS, Casanova N, Antuono G, Sabatino D. Polyamide Backbone Modified Cell Targeting and Penetrating Peptides in Cancer Detection and Treatment. Front Chem 2020; 8:218. [PMID: 32296681 PMCID: PMC7136562 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell penetrating and targeting peptides (CPPs and CTPs) encompass an important class of biochemically active peptides owning the capabilities of targeting and translocating within selected cell types. As such, they have been widely used in the delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, especially in cancer. Despite their potential utility, first generation CTPs and CPPs based on the native peptide sequences are limited by poor biological and pharmacological properties, thereby restricting their efficacy. Therefore, medicinal chemistry approaches have been designed and developed to construct related peptidomimetics. Of specific interest herein, are the design applications which modify the polyamide backbone of lead CTPs and CPPs. These modifications aim to improve the biochemical characteristics of the native peptide sequence in order to enhance its diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. This review will focus on a selected set of cell penetrating and targeting peptides and their related peptidomimetics whose polyamide backbone has been modified in order to improve their applications in cancer detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil S Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, United States
| | - Nelson Casanova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, United States
| | - Gina Antuono
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, United States
| | - David Sabatino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, United States
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Feni L, Parente S, Robert C, Gazzola S, Arosio D, Piarulli U, Neundorf I. Kiss and Run: Promoting Effective and Targeted Cellular Uptake of a Drug Delivery Vehicle Composed of an Integrin-Targeting Diketopiperazine Peptidomimetic and a Cell-Penetrating Peptide. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2011-2022. [PMID: 31243977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have emerged as powerful tools in terms of drug delivery. Those short, often cationic peptides are characterized by their usually low toxicity and their ability to transport diverse cargos inside almost any kinds of cells. Still, one major drawback is their nonselective uptake making their application in targeted cancer therapies questionable. In this work, we aimed to combine the power of a CPP (sC18) with an integrin-targeting unit (c[DKP-f3-RGD]). The latter is composed of the Arg-Gly-Asp peptide sequence cyclized via a diketopiperazine scaffold and is characterized by its high selectivity toward integrin αvβ3. The two parts were linked via copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide click reaction (CuAAC), while the CPP was additionally functionalized with either a fluorescent dye or the anticancer drug daunorubicin. Both functionalities allowed a careful biological evaluation of these novel peptide-conjugates regarding their cellular uptake mechanism, as well as cytotoxicity in αvβ3 integrin receptor expressing cells versus cells that do not express αvβ3. Our results show that the uptake follows a "kiss-and-run"-like model, in which the conjugates first target and recognize the receptor, but translocate mainly by CPP mediation. Thereby, we observed significantly more pronounced toxic effects in αvβ3 expressing U87 cells compared to HT-29 and MCF-7 cells, when the cells were exposed to the substances with only very short contact times (15 min). All in all, we present new concepts for the design of cancer selective peptide-drug conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Feni
- University of Cologne , Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry , Zülpicher Strasse 47a , D-50674 Cologne , Germany
| | - Sara Parente
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia , Università degli Studi dell'Insubria , Via Valleggio 11 , 22100 , Como , Italy
| | - Clémence Robert
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia , Università degli Studi dell'Insubria , Via Valleggio 11 , 22100 , Como , Italy
| | - Silvia Gazzola
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia , Università degli Studi dell'Insubria , Via Valleggio 11 , 22100 , Como , Italy
| | - Daniela Arosio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM), National Research Council (CNR) , Via G.Golgi 19 , 20133 , Milan , Italy
| | - Umberto Piarulli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia , Università degli Studi dell'Insubria , Via Valleggio 11 , 22100 , Como , Italy
| | - Ines Neundorf
- University of Cologne , Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry , Zülpicher Strasse 47a , D-50674 Cologne , Germany
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11
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Borbély A, Figueras E, Martins A, Bodero L, Raposo Moreira Dias A, López Rivas P, Pina A, Arosio D, Gallinari P, Frese M, Steinkühler C, Gennari C, Piarulli U, Sewald N. Conjugates of Cryptophycin and RGD or isoDGR Peptidomimetics for Targeted Drug Delivery. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:737-742. [PMID: 31275795 PMCID: PMC6587324 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
RGD-cryptophycin and isoDGR-cryptophycin conjugates were synthetized by combining peptidomimetic integrin ligands and cryptophycin, a highly potent tubulin-binding antimitotic agent across lysosomally cleavable Val-Ala or uncleavable linkers. The conjugates were able to effectively inhibit binding of biotinylated vitronectin to integrin αvβ3, showing a binding affinity in the same range as that of the free ligands. The antiproliferative activity of the novel conjugates was evaluated on human melanoma cells M21 and M21-L with different expression levels of integrin αvβ3, showing nanomolar potency of all four compounds against both cell lines. Conjugates containing uncleavable linker show reduced activity compared to the corresponding cleavable conjugates, indicating efficient intracellular drug release in the case of cryptophycin-based SMDCs. However, no significant correlation between the in vitro biological activity of the conjugates and the integrin αvβ3 expression level was observed, which is presumably due to a non-integrin-mediated uptake. This reveals the complexity of effective and selective αvβ3 integrin-mediated drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Borbély
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 DE-33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Eduard Figueras
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 DE-33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Ana Martins
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 DE-33615 Bielefeld Germany
- Exiris s.r.l. Via di Castel Romano 100 IT-00128 Rome Italy
| | - Lizeth Bodero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio, 11 IT-22100 Como Italy
| | | | - Paula López Rivas
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via C. Golgi, 19 IT-20133 Milano Italy
| | - Arianna Pina
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via C. Golgi, 19 IT-20133 Milano Italy
| | - Daniela Arosio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM) CNR Via C. Golgi, 19 IT-20133 Milano Italy
| | | | - Marcel Frese
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 DE-33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | | | - Cesare Gennari
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via C. Golgi, 19 IT-20133 Milano Italy
| | - Umberto Piarulli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia Università degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio, 11 IT-22100 Como Italy
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 DE-33615 Bielefeld Germany
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12
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Raposo Moreira Dias A, Bodero L, Martins A, Arosio D, Gazzola S, Belvisi L, Pignataro L, Steinkühler C, Dal Corso A, Gennari C, Piarulli U. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of RGD and isoDGR-Monomethyl Auristatin Conjugates Targeting Integrin α V β 3. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:938-942. [PMID: 30840356 PMCID: PMC6593765 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the synthesis of a series of small-molecule-drug conjugates containing the αV β3 -integrin ligand cyclo[DKP-RGD] or cyclo[DKP-isoDGR], a lysosomally cleavable Val-Ala (VA) linker or an "uncleavable" version devoid of this sequence, and monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) or F (MMAF) as the cytotoxic agent. The conjugates were obtained via a straightforward synthetic scheme taking advantage of a copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition as the key step. The conjugates were tested for their binding affinity for the isolated αv β3 receptor and were shown to retain nanomolar IC50 values, in the same range as those of the free ligands. The cytotoxic activity of the conjugates was evaluated in cell viability assays with αv β3 integrin overexpressing human glioblastoma (U87) and human melanoma (M21) cells. The conjugates possess markedly lower cytotoxic activity than the free drugs, which is consistent with inefficient integrin-mediated internalization. In almost all cases the conjugates featuring isoDGR as integrin ligand exhibited higher potency than their RGD counterparts. In particular, the cyclo[DKP-isoDGR]-VA-MMAE conjugate has low nanomolar IC50 values in cell viability assays with both cancer cell lines tested (U87: 11.50±0.13 nm; M21: 6.94±0.09 nm) and is therefore a promising candidate for in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lizeth Bodero
- Università degli Studi dell'InsubriaDipartimento di Scienza e Alta TecnologiaVia Valleggio, 1122100ComoItaly
| | - Ana Martins
- Exiris SrlVia di Castel Romano, 10000128RomeItaly
| | - Daniela Arosio
- CNRIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM)Via C. Golgi, 1920133MilanItaly
| | - Silvia Gazzola
- Università degli Studi dell'InsubriaDipartimento di Scienza e Alta TecnologiaVia Valleggio, 1122100ComoItaly
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Università degli Studi di MilanoDipartimento di ChimicaVia C. Golgi, 1920133MilanItaly
- CNRIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM)Via C. Golgi, 1920133MilanItaly
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Università degli Studi di MilanoDipartimento di ChimicaVia C. Golgi, 1920133MilanItaly
| | | | - Alberto Dal Corso
- Università degli Studi di MilanoDipartimento di ChimicaVia C. Golgi, 1920133MilanItaly
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Università degli Studi di MilanoDipartimento di ChimicaVia C. Golgi, 1920133MilanItaly
- CNRIstituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM)Via C. Golgi, 1920133MilanItaly
| | - Umberto Piarulli
- Università degli Studi dell'InsubriaDipartimento di Scienza e Alta TecnologiaVia Valleggio, 1122100ComoItaly
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13
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Borbély A, Figueras E, Martins A, Esposito S, Auciello G, Monteagudo E, Di Marco A, Summa V, Cordella P, Perego R, Kemker I, Frese M, Gallinari P, Steinkühler C, Sewald N. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of RGD⁻Cryptophycin Conjugates for Targeted Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E151. [PMID: 30939768 PMCID: PMC6523311 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11040151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptophycins are potent tubulin polymerization inhibitors with picomolar antiproliferative potency in vitro and activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells. Because of neurotoxic side effects and limited efficacy in vivo, cryptophycin-52 failed as a clinical candidate in cancer treatment. However, this class of compounds has emerged as attractive payloads for tumor-targeting applications. In this study, cryptophycin was conjugated to the cyclopeptide c(RGDfK), targeting integrin αvβ₃, across the protease-cleavable Val-Cit linker and two different self-immolative spacers. Plasma metabolic stability studies in vitro showed that our selected payload displays an improved stability compared to the parent compound, while the stability of the conjugates is strongly influenced by the self-immolative moiety. Cathepsin B cleavage assays revealed that modifications in the linker lead to different drug release profiles. Antiproliferative effects of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)⁻cryptophycin conjugates were evaluated on M21 and M21-L human melanoma cell lines. The low nanomolar in vitro activity of the novel conjugates was associated with inferior selectivity for cell lines with different integrin αvβ₃ expression levels. To elucidate the drug delivery process, cryptophycin was replaced by an infrared dye and the obtained conjugates were studied by confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Borbély
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, DE-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Eduard Figueras
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, DE-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Ana Martins
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, DE-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
- Exiris s.r.l., Via di Castel Romano 100, IT-00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Simone Esposito
- IRBM S.p.A, Via Pontina km. 30,600, IT-00071 Pomezia (Rome), Italy.
| | - Giulio Auciello
- IRBM S.p.A, Via Pontina km. 30,600, IT-00071 Pomezia (Rome), Italy.
| | - Edith Monteagudo
- IRBM S.p.A, Via Pontina km. 30,600, IT-00071 Pomezia (Rome), Italy.
| | | | - Vincenzo Summa
- IRBM S.p.A, Via Pontina km. 30,600, IT-00071 Pomezia (Rome), Italy.
| | - Paola Cordella
- Italfarmaco S.p.A., Via dei Lavoratori, 54, IT-20092 Cinisello Balsamo (Milano), Italy.
| | - Raffaella Perego
- Italfarmaco S.p.A., Via dei Lavoratori, 54, IT-20092 Cinisello Balsamo (Milano), Italy.
| | - Isabell Kemker
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, DE-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Marcel Frese
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, DE-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Paola Gallinari
- Exiris s.r.l., Via di Castel Romano 100, IT-00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Christian Steinkühler
- Exiris s.r.l., Via di Castel Romano 100, IT-00128 Rome, Italy.
- Italfarmaco S.p.A., Via dei Lavoratori, 54, IT-20092 Cinisello Balsamo (Milano), Italy.
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, DE-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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14
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Paladino A, Civera M, Curnis F, Paolillo M, Gennari C, Piarulli U, Corti A, Belvisi L, Colombo G. The Importance of Detail: How Differences in Ligand Structures Determine Distinct Functional Responses in Integrin α
v
β
3. Chemistry 2019; 25:5959-5970. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Paladino
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare CNR via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milan Italy
| | - Monica Civera
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Flavio Curnis
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Via Olgettina 60 20132 Milan Italy
| | - Mayra Paolillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del FarmacoUniversità degli Studi di Pavia Viale Taramelli 6 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Umberto Piarulli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta TecnologiaUniversità degli Studi dell'Insubria Via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
| | - Angelo Corti
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Via Olgettina 60 20132 Milan Italy
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano via Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Giorgio Colombo
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Pavia Viale Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
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15
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López Rivas P, Ranđelović I, Raposo Moreira Dias A, Pina A, Arosio D, Tóvári J, Mező G, Dal Corso A, Pignataro L, Gennari C. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Paclitaxel Conjugates Involving Linkers Cleavable by Lysosomal Enzymes and αV
β3
-Integrin Ligands for Tumor Targeting. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula López Rivas
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Ivan Ranđelović
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology; National Institute of Oncology; Ráth György u. 7-9. 1122 Budapest Hungary
| | | | - Arianna Pina
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Daniela Arosio
- CNR; Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM); Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - József Tóvári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology; National Institute of Oncology; Ráth György u. 7-9. 1122 Budapest Hungary
| | - Gábor Mező
- Faculty of Science; Institute of Chemistry; Eötvös Loránd University; Pázmány Péter st. 1/A 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Alberto Dal Corso
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
- CNR; Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM); Via C. Golgi, 19 20133 Milan Italy
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16
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Bodero L, López Rivas P, Korsak B, Hechler T, Pahl A, Müller C, Arosio D, Pignataro L, Gennari C, Piarulli U. Synthesis and biological evaluation of RGD and isoDGR peptidomimetic-α-amanitin conjugates for tumor-targeting. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018. [PMID: 29520305 PMCID: PMC5827777 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
RGD-α-amanitin and isoDGR-α-amanitin conjugates were synthesized by joining integrin ligands to α-amanitin via various linkers and spacers. The conjugates were evaluated for their ability to inhibit biotinylated vitronectin binding to the purified αVβ3 receptor, retaining good binding affinity, in the same nanomolar range as the free ligands. The antiproliferative activity of the conjugates was evaluated in three cell lines possessing different levels of αVβ3 integrin expression: human glioblastoma U87 (αVβ3+), human lung carcinoma A549 (αVβ3−) and breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-468 (αVβ3−). In the U87, in the MDA-MB-468, and partly in the A549 cancer cell lines, the cyclo[DKP-isoDGR]-α-amanitin conjugates bearing the lysosomally cleavable Val-Ala linker were found to be slightly more potent than α-amanitin. Apparently, for all these α-amanitin conjugates there is no correlation between the cytotoxicity and the expression of αVβ3 integrin. To determine whether the increased cytotoxicity of the cyclo[DKP-isoDGR]-α-amanitin conjugates is governed by an integrin-mediated binding and internalization process, competition experiments were carried out in which the conjugates were tested with U87 (αVβ3+, αVβ5+, αVβ6−, α5β1+) and MDA-MB-468 (αVβ3−, αVβ5+, αVβ6+, α5β1−) cells in the presence of excess cilengitide, with the aim of blocking integrins on the cell surface. Using the MDA-MB-468 cell line, a fivefold increase of the IC50 was observed for the conjugates in the presence of excess cilengitide, which is known to strongly bind not only αVβ3, but also αVβ5, αVβ6, and α5β1. These data indicate that in this case the cyclo[DKP-isoDGR]-α-amanitin conjugates are possibly internalized by a process mediated by integrins different from αVβ3 (e.g., αVβ5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth Bodero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Via Valleggio, 11, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Paula López Rivas
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi, 19, I-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Korsak
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH, Schriesheimer Strasse 101, 68526, Ladenburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Hechler
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH, Schriesheimer Strasse 101, 68526, Ladenburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Pahl
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH, Schriesheimer Strasse 101, 68526, Ladenburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH, Schriesheimer Strasse 101, 68526, Ladenburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Arosio
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolare (ITSM), Via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi, 19, I-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi, 19, I-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Piarulli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Via Valleggio, 11, 22100, Como, Italy
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17
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Wang J, Zha M, Fei Q, Liu W, Zhao Y, Wu C. Peptide Macrocycles Developed from Precisely Regulated Multiple Cyclization of Unprotected Peptides. Chemistry 2017; 23:15150-15155. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Wang
- Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical; Analysis and Instrumentation; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
| | - Mirao Zha
- Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical; Analysis and Instrumentation; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
| | - Qianran Fei
- Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical; Analysis and Instrumentation; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical; Analysis and Instrumentation; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
| | - Yibing Zhao
- Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical; Analysis and Instrumentation; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
| | - Chuanliu Wu
- Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical; Analysis and Instrumentation; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P.R. China
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18
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Investigating the Interaction of Cyclic RGD Peptidomimetics with α Vβ₆ Integrin by Biochemical and Molecular Docking Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9100128. [PMID: 28934103 PMCID: PMC5664067 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of a small library of cyclic RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptidomimetics with αVβ6 integrin has been investigated by means of competitive solid phase binding assays to the isolated receptor and docking calculations in the crystal structure of the αVβ6 binding site. To this aim, a rigid receptor-flexible ligand docking protocol has been set up and then applied to predict the binding mode of the cyclic RGD peptidomimetics to αVβ6 integrin. Although the RGD interaction with αVβ6 recapitulates the RGD binding mode observed in αVβ3, differences between the integrin binding pockets can strongly affect the ligand binding ability. In general, the peptidomimetics exhibited IC50 values for integrin αVβ6 (i.e., the concentration of compound required for 50% inhibition of biotinylated fibronectin binding to isolated αVβ6 integrin) in the nanomolar range (77–345 nM), about 10–100 times higher than those for the related αVβ3 receptor, with a single notable ligand displaying a low nanomolar IC50 value (2.3 nM). Insights from the properties of the binding pocket combined with the analysis of the docking poses provided a rationale for ligand recognition and selectivity.
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19
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Zanella S, Angerani S, Pina A, López Rivas P, Giannini C, Panzeri S, Arosio D, Caruso M, Gasparri F, Fraietta I, Albanese C, Marsiglio A, Pignataro L, Belvisi L, Piarulli U, Gennari C. Tumor Targeting with an isoDGR-Drug Conjugate. Chemistry 2017; 23:7910-7914. [PMID: 28449309 PMCID: PMC5488297 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the first example of an isoDGR-drug conjugate (2), designed to release paclitaxel selectively within cancer cells expressing integrin αV β3 . Conjugate 2 was synthesized by connecting the isoDGR peptidomimetic 5 with paclitaxel via the lysosomally cleavable Val-Ala dipeptide linker. Conjugate 2 displayed a low nanomolar affinity for the purified integrin αV β3 receptor (IC50 =11.0 nm). The tumor targeting ability of conjugate 2 was assessed in vitro in anti-proliferative assays on two isogenic cancer cell lines characterized by different integrin αV β3 expression: human glioblastoma U87 (αV β3 +) and U87 β3 -KO (αV β3 -). The isoDGR-PTX conjugate 2 displayed a remarkable targeting index (TI=9.9), especially when compared to the strictly related RGD-PTX conjugate 4 (TI=2.4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Zanella
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia C. Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Simona Angerani
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia C. Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Arianna Pina
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia C. Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Paula López Rivas
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia C. Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Clelia Giannini
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia C. Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Silvia Panzeri
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta TecnologiaUniversità degli Studi dell'InsubriaVia Valleggio 1122100ComoItaly
| | - Daniela Arosio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM)CNRVia C. Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Michele Caruso
- Nerviano Medical Sciences (NMS)Via Pasteur 1020014NervianoItaly
| | - Fabio Gasparri
- Nerviano Medical Sciences (NMS)Via Pasteur 1020014NervianoItaly
| | - Ivan Fraietta
- Nerviano Medical Sciences (NMS)Via Pasteur 1020014NervianoItaly
| | - Clara Albanese
- Nerviano Medical Sciences (NMS)Via Pasteur 1020014NervianoItaly
| | | | - Luca Pignataro
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia C. Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia C. Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Umberto Piarulli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta TecnologiaUniversità degli Studi dell'InsubriaVia Valleggio 1122100ComoItaly
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia C. Golgi 1920133MilanoItaly
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Vahdati L, Kaffy J, Brinet D, Bernadat G, Correia I, Panzeri S, Fanelli R, Lequin O, Taverna M, Ongeri S, Piarulli U. Synthesis and Characterization of Hairpin Mimics that Modulate the Early Oligomerization and Fibrillization of Amyloid β-Peptide. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Vahdati
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria; Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia; Via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
- BioCIS; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 92290 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Julia Kaffy
- BioCIS; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 92290 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Dimitri Brinet
- BioCIS; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 92290 Châtenay-Malabry France
- Protéins and Nanotechnology in analytical science; Institut Galien de Paris Sud; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 92290 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Guillaume Bernadat
- BioCIS; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 92290 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Isabelle Correia
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; Ecole Normale Supérieure; PSL Research University; CNRS; Laboratoire des Biomolécules; 4 place Jussieu 75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Silvia Panzeri
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria; Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia; Via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
| | - Roberto Fanelli
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria; Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia; Via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
| | - Olivier Lequin
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; Ecole Normale Supérieure; PSL Research University; CNRS; Laboratoire des Biomolécules; 4 place Jussieu 75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Myriam Taverna
- Protéins and Nanotechnology in analytical science; Institut Galien de Paris Sud; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 92290 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Sandrine Ongeri
- BioCIS; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris-Saclay; 92290 Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Umberto Piarulli
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria; Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia; Via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
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21
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Guzzetti I, Civera M, Vasile F, Arosio D, Tringali C, Piarulli U, Gennari C, Pignataro L, Belvisi L, Potenza D. Insights into the Binding of Cyclic RGD Peptidomimetics to α 5β 1 Integrin by using Live-Cell NMR And Computational Studies. ChemistryOpen 2017; 6:128-136. [PMID: 28168158 PMCID: PMC5288746 DOI: 10.1002/open.201600112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of a small library of cyclic DKP-RGD peptidomimetics with α5β1 integrin has been investigated by means of an integrated experimental and computational approach. Bioaffinity NMR techniques, including saturation transfer difference (STD) and transferred NOESY, were applied to the ligands in a suspension of intact MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, in which integrin α5β1 is highly expressed. The NMR data were compared with the docking calculations of the RGD ligands in the crystal structure of the α5β1 binding site, and were integrated with competitive binding assays to the purified α5β1 integrin. Ligand binding epitopes involve protons of both the RGD moiety and the DKP scaffold, although the stereochemistry and the functionalization of the DKP scaffold as well as the macrocycle conformation determine a great variability in the interaction. The ligand showing the highest number of STD signals is also the most potent α5β1 ligand of the series, displaying a nanomolar IC50 value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Guzzetti
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia Golgi, 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Monica Civera
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia Golgi, 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Francesca Vasile
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia Golgi, 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Daniela Arosio
- CNR–Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM)Via Golgi, 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Cristina Tringali
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina TraslazionaleUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia Fratelli Cervi, 9320090Segrate (MI)Italy
| | - Umberto Piarulli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta TecnologiaUniversità degli Studi dell'InsubriaVia Valleggio, 1122100ComoItaly
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia Golgi, 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia Golgi, 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia Golgi, 1920133MilanoItaly
| | - Donatella Potenza
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoVia Golgi, 1920133MilanoItaly
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22
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Vasile F, Civera M, Belvisi L, Potenza D, Tiana G. Thermodynamically–Weighted Conformational Ensemble of Cyclic RGD Peptidomimetics from NOE Data. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:7098-107. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b04941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Vasile
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi
19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M. Civera
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi
19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L. Belvisi
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi
19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - D. Potenza
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi
19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - G. Tiana
- Center
of Complexity and Biosystems and Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano and INFN, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
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23
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Gentilucci L, Gallo F, Meloni F, Mastandrea M, Del Secco B, De Marco R. Controlling Cyclopeptide Backbone Conformation with β/α-Hybrid Peptide-Heterocycle Scaffolds. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gentilucci
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Francesca Gallo
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Fernanda Meloni
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Marco Mastandrea
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Benedetta Del Secco
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Rossella De Marco
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”; University of Bologna; Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
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24
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De Marco R, Tolomelli A, Juaristi E, Gentilucci L. Integrin Ligands with α/β-Hybrid Peptide Structure: Design, Bioactivity, and Conformational Aspects. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:389-424. [PMID: 26777675 DOI: 10.1002/med.21383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are cell surface receptors for proteins of the extracellular matrix and plasma-borne adhesive proteins. Their involvement in diverse pathologies prompted medicinal chemists to develop small-molecule antagonists, and very often such molecules are peptidomimetics designed on the basis of the short native ligand-integrin recognition motifs. This review deals with peptidomimetic integrin ligands composed of α- and β-amino acids. The roles exerted by the β-amino acid components are discussed in terms of biological activity, bioavailability, and selectivity. Special attention is paid to the synthetic accessibility and efficiency of conformationally constrained heterocyclic scaffolds incorporating α/β-amino acid span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella De Marco
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician,", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tolomelli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician,", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eusebio Juaristi
- Department of Chemistry, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Avenida IPN 2508, esquina Ticoman, Mexico, D.F., 07360, Mexico
| | - Luca Gentilucci
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician,", University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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Zanella S, Mingozzi M, Dal Corso A, Fanelli R, Arosio D, Cosentino M, Schembri L, Marino F, De Zotti M, Formaggio F, Pignataro L, Belvisi L, Piarulli U, Gennari C. Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of a Dual-Action Ligand Targeting αvβ3 Integrin and VEGF Receptors. ChemistryOpen 2015; 4:633-41. [PMID: 26491644 PMCID: PMC4608532 DOI: 10.1002/open.201500062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A dual-action ligand targeting both integrin αVβ3 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), was synthesized via conjugation of a cyclic peptidomimetic αVβ3 Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) ligand with a decapentapeptide. The latter was obtained from a known VEGFR antagonist by acetylation at the Lys13 side chain. Functionalization of the precursor ligands was carried out in solution and in the solid phase, affording two fragments: an alkyne VEGFR ligand and the azide integrin αVβ3 ligand, which were conjugated by click chemistry. Circular dichroism studies confirmed that both the RGD and VEGFR ligand portions of the dual-action compound substantially adopt the biologically active conformation. In vitro binding assays on isolated integrin αVβ3 and VEGFR-1 showed that the dual-action conjugate retains a good level of affinity for both its target receptors, although with one order of magnitude (10/20 times) decrease in potency. The dual-action ligand strongly inhibited the VEGF-induced morphogenesis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs). Remarkably, its efficiency in preventing the formation of new blood vessels was similar to that of the original individual ligands, despite the worse affinity towards integrin αVβ3 and VEGFR-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Zanella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di MilanoVia C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Mingozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di MilanoVia C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Dal Corso
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di MilanoVia C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Fanelli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'InsubriaVia Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Daniela Arosio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM), National Research Council (CNR)Via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Cosentino
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, Università degli Studi dell'InsubriaVia Ottorino Rossi 9, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Laura Schembri
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, Università degli Studi dell'InsubriaVia Ottorino Rossi 9, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Franca Marino
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, Università degli Studi dell'InsubriaVia Ottorino Rossi 9, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Marta De Zotti
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, CNR, Unità di Padova, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di PadovaVia Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, CNR, Unità di Padova, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di PadovaVia Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di MilanoVia C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di MilanoVia C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Piarulli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'InsubriaVia Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di MilanoVia C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Panzeri S, Zanella S, Arosio D, Vahdati L, Dal Corso A, Pignataro L, Paolillo M, Schinelli S, Belvisi L, Gennari C, Piarulli U. Cyclic isoDGR and RGD peptidomimetics containing bifunctional diketopiperazine scaffolds are integrin antagonists. Chemistry 2015; 21:6265-71. [PMID: 25761230 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The cyclo[DKP-isoDGR] peptidomimetics 2-5, containing bifunctional diketopiperazine (DKP) scaffolds that differ in the configuration of the two DKP stereocenters and in the substitution at the DKP nitrogen atoms, were prepared and examined in vitro in competitive binding assays with purified αv β3 and αv β5 integrin receptors. IC50 values ranged from low nanomolar (ligand 3) to submicromolar with αv β3 integrin. The biological activities of ligands cyclo[DKP3-RGD] 1 and cyclo[DKP3-isoDGR] 3, bearing the same bifunctional DKP scaffold and showing similar αV β3 integrin binding values, were compared in terms of their cellular effects in human U373 glioblastoma cells. Compounds 1 and 3 displayed overlapping inhibitory effects on the FAK/Akt integrin activated transduction pathway and on integrin-mediated cell infiltration processes, and qualify therefore, despite the different RGD and isoDGR sequences, as integrin antagonists. Both compounds induced apoptosis in glioma cells after 72 hour treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Panzeri
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como (Italy)
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Ruiz-Rodríguez J, Miguel M, Preciado S, Acosta GA, Adan J, Bidon-Chanal A, Luque FJ, Mitjans F, Lavilla R, Albericio F. Polythiazole linkers as functional rigid connectors: a new RGD cyclopeptide with enhanced integrin selectivity. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00572d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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28
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Fanelli R, Schembri L, Piarulli U, Pinoli M, Rasini E, Paolillo M, Galiazzo MC, Cosentino M, Marino F. Effects of a novel cyclic RGD peptidomimetic on cell proliferation, migration and angiogenic activity in human endothelial cells. Vasc Cell 2014; 6:11. [PMID: 25053992 PMCID: PMC4105520 DOI: 10.1186/2045-824x-6-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclic RGD peptidomimetics containing a bifunctional diketopiperazine scaffold are a novel class of high-affinity ligands for the integrins αVβ3 and αVβ5. Since integrins are a promising target for the modulation of normal and pathological angiogenesis, the present study aimed at characterizing the ability of the RGD peptidomimetic cyclo[DKP-RGD] 1 proliferation, migration and network formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). METHODS Cell viability was assessed by flow cytometry and annexin V (ANX)/propidium iodide (PI) staining. Cell proliferation was evaluated by the ELISA measurement of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. Network formation by HUVEC cultured in Matrigel-coated plates was evaluated by optical microscopy and image analysis. Integrin subunit mRNA expression was assessed by real time-PCR and Akt phosphorylation by western blot analysis. RESULTS Cyclo[DKP-RGD] 1 does not affect cell viability and proliferation either in resting conditions or in the presence of the pro-angiogenic growth factors VEGF, EGF, FGF, and IGF-I. Addition of cyclo[DKP-RGD] 1 however significantly decreased network formation induced by pro-angiogenic growth factors or by IL-8. Cyclo[DKP-RGD] 1 did not affect mRNA levels of αV, β3 or β5 integrin subunits, however it significantly reduced the phosphorylation of Akt. CONCLUSIONS Cyclo[DKP-RGD] 1 can be a potential modulator of angiogenesis induced by different growth factors, possibly devoid of the adverse effects of cytotoxic RGD peptidomimetic analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Fanelli
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Laura Schembri
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Via Ottorino Rossi n. 9 21100, Varese, VA, Italy
| | - Umberto Piarulli
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Monica Pinoli
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Via Ottorino Rossi n. 9 21100, Varese, VA, Italy
| | - Emanuela Rasini
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Via Ottorino Rossi n. 9 21100, Varese, VA, Italy
| | - Mayra Paolillo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Marco Cosentino
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Via Ottorino Rossi n. 9 21100, Varese, VA, Italy
| | - Franca Marino
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Via Ottorino Rossi n. 9 21100, Varese, VA, Italy
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Mingozzi M, Dal Corso A, Marchini M, Guzzetti I, Civera M, Piarulli U, Arosio D, Belvisi L, Potenza D, Pignataro L, Gennari C. CyclicisoDGR Peptidomimetics as Low-Nanomolar αvβ3Integrin Ligands. Chemistry 2013; 19:3563-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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30
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Guzzetti I, Civera M, Vasile F, Araldi EM, Belvisi L, Gennari C, Potenza D, Fanelli R, Piarulli U. Determination of the binding epitope of RGD-peptidomimetics to αvβ3 and αIIbβ3 integrin-rich intact cells by NMR and computational studies. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:3886-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40540k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Colombo R, Mingozzi M, Belvisi L, Arosio D, Piarulli U, Carenini N, Perego P, Zaffaroni N, De Cesare M, Castiglioni V, Scanziani E, Gennari C. Synthesis and biological evaluation (in vitro and in vivo) of cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) peptidomimetic-paclitaxel conjugates targeting integrin αVβ3. J Med Chem 2012; 55:10460-74. [PMID: 23140358 DOI: 10.1021/jm301058f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A small library of integrin ligand-paclitaxel conjugates 10-13 was synthesized with the aim of using the tumor-homing cyclo[DKP-RGD] peptidomimetics for site-directed delivery of the cytotoxic drug. All the paclitaxel-RGD constructs 10-13 inhibited biotinylated vitronectin binding to the purified αVβ3 integrin receptor at low nanomolar concentration and showed in vitro cytotoxic activity against a panel of human tumor cell lines similar to that of paclitaxel. Among the cell lines, the cisplatin-resistant IGROV-1/Pt1 cells expressed high levels of integrin αVβ3, making them attractive to be tested in in vivo models. cyclo[DKP-f3-RGD]-PTX 11 displayed sufficient stability in physiological solution and in both human and murine plasma to be a good candidate for in vivo testing. In tumor-targeting experiments against the IGROV-1/Pt1 human ovarian carcinoma xenotransplanted in nude mice, compound 11 exhibited a superior activity compared with paclitaxel, despite the lower (about half) molar dosage used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Colombo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, I-20133, Milan, Italy
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Borthwick AD. 2,5-Diketopiperazines: synthesis, reactions, medicinal chemistry, and bioactive natural products. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3641-716. [PMID: 22575049 DOI: 10.1021/cr200398y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 601] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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33
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Marchini M, Mingozzi M, Colombo R, Guzzetti I, Belvisi L, Vasile F, Potenza D, Piarulli U, Arosio D, Gennari C. Cyclic RGD peptidomimetics containing bifunctional diketopiperazine scaffolds as new potent integrin ligands. Chemistry 2012; 18:6195-207. [PMID: 22517378 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of eight bifunctional diketopiperazine (DKP) scaffolds is described; these were formally derived from 2,3-diaminopropionic acid and aspartic acid (DKP-1-DKP-7) or glutamic acid (DKP-8) and feature an amine and a carboxylic acid functional group. The scaffolds differ in the configuration at the two stereocenters and the substitution at the diketopiperazinic nitrogen atoms. The bifunctional diketopiperazines were introduced into eight cyclic peptidomimetics containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence. The resulting RGD peptidomimetics were screened for their ability to inhibit biotinylated vitronectin binding to the purified integrins α(v)β(3) and α(v)β(5), which are involved in tumor angiogenesis. Nanomolar IC(50) values were obtained for the RGD peptidomimetics derived from trans DKP scaffolds (DKP-2-DKP-8). Conformational studies of the cyclic RGD peptidomimetics by (1)H NMR spectroscopy experiments (VT-NMR and NOESY spectroscopy) in aqueous solution and Monte Carlo/Stochastic Dynamics (MC/SD) simulations revealed that the highest affinity ligands display well-defined preferred conformations featuring intramolecular hydrogen-bonded turn motifs and an extended arrangement of the RGD sequence [Cβ(Arg)-Cβ(Asp) average distance ≥8.8 Å]. Docking studies were performed, starting from the representative conformations obtained from the MC/SD simulations and taking as a reference model the crystal structure of the extracellular segment of integrin α(v)β(3) complexed with the cyclic pentapeptide, Cilengitide. The highest affinity ligands produced top-ranked poses conserving all the important interactions of the X-ray complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Marchini
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Via Venezian, 21, I-20133, Milan, Italy
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Durini M, Sahr FA, Kuhn M, Civera M, Gennari C, Piarulli U. Bifunctional 2,5-Diketopiperazines as Efficient Organocatalysts for the Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Aldehydes to Nitroolefins. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Aizpurua JM, Ganboa JI, Palomo C, Loinaz I, Oyarbide J, Fernandez X, Balentová E, Fratila RM, Jiménez A, Miranda JI, Laso A, Ávila S, Castrillo JL. Cyclic RGD β-Lactam Peptidomimetics Induce Differential Gene Expression in Human Endothelial Cells. Chembiochem 2011; 12:401-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ressurreição ASM, Delatouche R, Gennari C, Piarulli U. Bifunctional 2,5‐Diketopiperazines as Rigid Three‐Dimensional Scaffolds in Receptors and Peptidomimetics. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia M. Ressurreição
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Ambientali, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy, Fax: +39‐031‐2386449
- Universidade de Lisboa, iMed. UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 649‐003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Régis Delatouche
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Ambientali, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy, Fax: +39‐031‐2386449
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di ChimicaOrganica e Industriale, via G. Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Umberto Piarulli
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Ambientali, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy, Fax: +39‐031‐2386449
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Marchini M, Mingozzi M, Colombo R, Gennari C, Durini M, Piarulli U. Selective O-acylation of unprotected N-benzylserine methyl ester and O,N-acyl transfer in the formation of cyclo[Asp-Ser] diketopiperazines. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Delatouche R, Durini M, Civera M, Belvisi L, Piarulli U. Foldamers of bifunctional diketopiperazines displaying a β-bend ribbon structure. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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