1
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Tailor made Functional Zeolite as Sustainable Potential Candidates for Catalytic Cracking of Heavy Hydrocarbons. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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2
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Fu T, Wang Y, Li Z. Surface-Protection-Induced Controllable Restructuring of Pores and Acid Sites of the Nano-ZSM-5 Catalyst and Its Influence on the Catalytic Conversion of Methanol to Hydrocarbons. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:3737-3749. [PMID: 32239942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Creating mesopores for the nano-ZSM-5 catalyst could further promote the diffusion of molecules in its micropores and improve the catalytic activity and stability. Inorganic alkali treatment of ZSM-5 usually removes internal silica for the existence of an aluminum distribution gradient and leads to a hollow structure. Herein, surface TPA+ adsorption-induced protective desilication and recrystallization successively occurred during hydrothermal treatment, and controllable mesopore fabrication was achieved. The evolution of mesopores and acid sites was characterized by N2 physisorption, XRD, XRF, TEM, NH3-TPD, Py-IR, 27Al MAS NMR, 29Si MAS NMR, and TG techniques. It was found that the TPAOH concentration influenced the formation of internal cavity and mesopores in the shell. Introducing TPABr into TPAOH solution increased the surface protection because of the increased TPA+ adsorption, and coated hollow ZSM-5 was obtained. The acidity was restructured during the above mesopore fabrication. High-concentration TPAOH solution promoted the insertion of destructive Al into the skeleton structure to form strong acid sites, and the catalytic lifetime was recovered and even obviously prolonged. This reflected the key role of strong acid sites on the catalytic performance. Applying hollow nano-ZSM-5 with a mesoporous shell and strong acidity increased the lifetime by 50% and the conversion capacity for liquid hydrocarbon by 20% compared to the parent sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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3
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Morgado Prates AR, Chetot T, Burel L, Pagis C, Martinez-Franco R, Dodin M, Farrusseng D, Tuel A. Hollow structures by controlled desilication of beta zeolite nanocrystals. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.121033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Li T, Roy K, Krumeich F, Artiglia L, Huthwelker T, van Bokhoven JA. Variation of Aluminium Distribution in Small-Sized ZSM-5 Crystals during Desilication. Chemistry 2019; 25:15879-15886. [PMID: 31553090 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hollow ZSM-5 zeolites of size below one micrometer can be produced by desilication of crystals with aluminium zoning. The parent crystals have a core-shell structure: the core part has nearly no aluminium, whereas the aluminium content in the shell increases when extending to exterior surface. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the preservation of the crystalline shell after base leaching, but could not identify its subtle change. An increase of the Si/Al ratio of the surface was detected upon leaching the parent material to form the hollow zeolite by using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy of substituted alkylpyridines. 27 Al MAS NMR showed that base leaching results in a reduced percentage of distorted tetrahedrally coordinated aluminium. The reprecipitation of dissolved species occurs and tetrahedrally coordinated tin atoms can thus be introduced to the shell framework. Overall, the formation of hollow ZSM-5 zeolites by desilication involves not only the removal of silicon-rich core, but also a reduced percentage of exterior aluminium-related acid sites, which should be considered while using hollow zeolites in acid-catalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kanak Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Krumeich
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Artiglia
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Jeroen A van Bokhoven
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
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5
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Petrov AW, Ferri D, Kröcher O, van Bokhoven JA. Design of Stable Palladium-Based Zeolite Catalysts for Complete Methane Oxidation by Postsynthesis Zeolite Modification. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey W. Petrov
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Davide Ferri
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Kröcher
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Wang N, Sun Q, Yu J. Ultrasmall Metal Nanoparticles Confined within Crystalline Nanoporous Materials: A Fascinating Class of Nanocatalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1803966. [PMID: 30276888 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline nanoporous materials with uniform porous structures, such as zeolites and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), have proven to be ideal supports to encapsulate ultrasmall metal nanoparticles (MNPs) inside their void nanospaces to generate high-efficiency nanocatalysts. The nanopore-encaged metal catalysts exhibit superior catalytic performance as well as high stability and catalytic shape selectivity endowed by the nanoporous matrix. In addition, the synergistic effect of confined MNPs and nanoporous frameworks with active sites can further promote the catalytic activities of the composite catalysts. Herein, recent progress in nanopore-encaged metal nanocatalysts is reviewed, with a special focus on advances in synthetic strategies for ultrasmall MNPs (<5 nm), clusters, and even single atoms confined within zeolites and MOFs for various heterogeneous catalytic reactions. In addition, some advanced characterization methods to elucidate the atomic-scale structures of the nanocatalysts are presented, and the current limitations of and future opportunities for these fantastic nanocatalysts are also highlighted and discussed. The aim is to provide some guidance for the rational synthesis of nanopore-encaged metal catalysts and to inspire their further applications to meet the emerging demands in catalytic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Qiming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jihong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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7
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Maag AR, Tompsett GA, Tam J, Ang CA, Azimi G, Carl AD, Huang X, Smith LJ, Grimm RL, Bond JQ, Timko MT. ZSM-5 decrystallization and dealumination in hot liquid water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:17880-17892. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01490j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ZSM-5 zeolite degrades the crystal surface framework and internal acid sites, dependent on the unique thermophysical nature of water solvent.
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8
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Liu Z, Zhao W, Kumar P, Li X, Al Wahedi Y, Mkhoyan KA, Tsapatsis M, Stein A. Direct Synthesis and Pseudomorphic Transformation of Mixed Metal Oxide Nanostructures with Non-Close-Packed Hollow Sphere Arrays. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Liu
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
- Department of Chemistry; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Wenyang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Xinyu Li
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Yasser Al Wahedi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Khalifa University of Science and Technology; Sas Al Nakhl Campus, P.O. Box 2533 Abu Dhabi United Arabian Emirates
| | - K. Andre Mkhoyan
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Michael Tsapatsis
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Andreas Stein
- Department of Chemistry; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
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9
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Liu Z, Zhao W, Kumar P, Li X, Al Wahedi Y, Mkhoyan KA, Tsapatsis M, Stein A. Direct Synthesis and Pseudomorphic Transformation of Mixed Metal Oxide Nanostructures with Non-Close-Packed Hollow Sphere Arrays. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15707-15711. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Liu
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
- Department of Chemistry; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Wenyang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Xinyu Li
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Yasser Al Wahedi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Khalifa University of Science and Technology; Sas Al Nakhl Campus, P.O. Box 2533 Abu Dhabi United Arabian Emirates
| | - K. Andre Mkhoyan
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Michael Tsapatsis
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Andreas Stein
- Department of Chemistry; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
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10
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Li J, Ma H, Chen Y, Xu Z, Li C, Ying W. Conversion of methanol to propylene over hierarchical HZSM-5: the effect of Al spatial distribution. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6032-6035. [PMID: 29799040 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02042f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Different silicon sources caused diverse Al spatial distribution in HZSM-5, and this affected the hierarchical structures and catalytic performance of desilicated zeolites. After being treated with 0.1 M NaOH, HZSM-5 zeolites synthesized with silica sol exhibited relatively widely distributed mesopores and channels, and possessed highly improved propylene selectivity and activity stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Li
- Engineering Research Center of Large Scale Reactor Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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11
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Masoumifard N, Guillet-Nicolas R, Kleitz F. Synthesis of Engineered Zeolitic Materials: From Classical Zeolites to Hierarchical Core-Shell Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1704439. [PMID: 29479756 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The term "engineered zeolitic materials" refers to a class of materials with a rationally designed pore system and active-sites distribution. They are primarily made of crystalline microporous zeolites as the main building blocks, which can be accompanied by other secondary components to form composite materials. These materials are of potential importance in many industrial fields like catalysis or selective adsorption. Herein, critical aspects related to the synthesis and modification of such materials are discussed. The first section provides a short introduction on classical zeolite structures and properties, and their conventional synthesis methods. Then, the motivating rationale behind the growing demand for structural alteration of these zeolitic materials is discussed, with an emphasis on the ongoing struggles regarding mass-transfer issues. The state-of-the-art techniques that are currently available for overcoming these hurdles are reviewed. Following this, the focus is set on core-shell composites as one of the promising pathways toward the creation of a new generation of highly versatile and efficient engineered zeolitic substances. The synthesis approaches developed thus far to make zeolitic core-shell materials and their analogues, yolk-shell, and hollow materials, are also examined and summarized. Finally, the last section concisely reviews the performance of novel core-shell, yolk-shell, and hollow zeolitic materials for some important industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Masoumifard
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Rémy Guillet-Nicolas
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry-Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Freddy Kleitz
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry-Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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12
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Strategies to Enhance the Catalytic Performance of ZSM-5 Zeolite in Hydrocarbon Cracking: A Review. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7120367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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13
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Schmidt JE, Oord R, Guo W, Poplawsky JD, Weckhuysen BM. Nanoscale tomography reveals the deactivation of automotive copper-exchanged zeolite catalysts. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1666. [PMID: 29162802 PMCID: PMC5698465 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01765-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper-exchanged zeolite chabazite (Cu-SSZ-13) was recently commercialized for the selective catalytic reduction of NO X with ammonia in vehicle emissions as it exhibits superior reaction performance and stability compared to all other catalysts, notably Cu-ZSM-5. Herein, the 3D distributions of Cu as well as framework elements (Al, O, Si) in both fresh and aged Cu-SSZ-13 and Cu-ZSM-5 are determined with nanometer resolution using atom probe tomography (APT), and correlated with catalytic activity and other characterizations. Both fresh catalysts contain a heterogeneous Cu distribution, which is only identified due to the single atom sensitivity of APT. After the industry standard 135,000 mile simulation, Cu-SSZ-13 shows Cu and Al clustering, whereas Cu-ZSM-5 is characterized by severe Cu and Al aggregation into a copper aluminate phase (CuAl2O4 spinel). The application of APT as a sensitive and local characterization method provides identification of nanometer scale heterogeneities that lead to catalytic activity and material deactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel E Schmidt
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon Oord
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Guo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Jonathan D Poplawsky
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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14
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Kennes K, Demaret C, Van Loon J, Kubarev AV, Fleury G, Sliwa M, Delpoux O, Maury S, Harbuzaru B, Roeffaers MBJ. Assessing Inter and Intra-particle Heterogeneity in Alumina-poor H-ZSM-5 Zeolites. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koen Kennes
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; KU Leuven; Kasteelpark Arenberg 23 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Coralie Demaret
- IFP Energies nouvelles; Lyon Establishment; Rond point de l'échangeur de Solaize-BP-3 69360 Solaize France
| | - Jordi Van Loon
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; KU Leuven; Kasteelpark Arenberg 23 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Alexey V. Kubarev
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; KU Leuven; Kasteelpark Arenberg 23 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; KU Leuven; Kasteelpark Arenberg 23 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Michel Sliwa
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman-LASIR; CNRS, UMR 8516; Univ. Lille; F-59000 Lille France
| | - Olivier Delpoux
- IFP Energies nouvelles; Lyon Establishment; Rond point de l'échangeur de Solaize-BP-3 69360 Solaize France
| | - Sylvie Maury
- IFP Energies nouvelles; Lyon Establishment; Rond point de l'échangeur de Solaize-BP-3 69360 Solaize France
| | - Bogdan Harbuzaru
- IFP Energies nouvelles; Lyon Establishment; Rond point de l'échangeur de Solaize-BP-3 69360 Solaize France
| | - Maarten B. J. Roeffaers
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; KU Leuven; Kasteelpark Arenberg 23 3001 Heverlee Belgium
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15
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Blay V, Louis B, Miravalles R, Yokoi T, Peccatiello KA, Clough M, Yilmaz B. Engineering Zeolites for Catalytic Cracking to Light Olefins. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Blay
- Departamento
de Ingeniería Química, Universitat de València, Av.
de la Universitat, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Benoît Louis
- Laboratoire
de Synthèse Réactivité Organiques et Catalyse,
Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue
Blaise Pascal, 67000 CEDEX Strasbourg, France
| | - Rubén Miravalles
- Centro de Tecnología Repsol, C/Agustín de Betancourt s/n, 28935 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Toshiyuki Yokoi
- Institute
of Innovative Research, Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ken A. Peccatiello
- Peccatiello
Engineering,
Catalytic Cracking Solutions, LLC, Moriarity, New Mexico 87035, United States
| | - Melissa Clough
- BASF Refinery Catalysts, 11750 Katy Fwy. Ste. 120, Houston, Texas 77079, United States
| | - Bilge Yilmaz
- BASF Refinery Catalysts, 25 Middlesex-Essex
Tpk., Iselin, New Jersey 08830, United States
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16
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Li J, Liu M, Guo X, Xu S, Wei Y, Liu Z, Song C. Interconnected Hierarchical ZSM-5 with Tunable Acidity Prepared by a Dealumination-Realumination Process: A Superior MTP Catalyst. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:26096-26106. [PMID: 28714669 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ZSM-5 that uses TPAOH as a template has an Al-rich exterior and defective Si-rich interior; thus, a simple base leaching selectively removed the Si-rich interior while the Al-rich exterior was protected. This catalyst showed no change in stability comparing with parent ZSM-5 during the MTP reaction that was attributed to the enclosed hollow structure and richly acidic outer shell. A preliminary fluorination, however, both removed defective Si-sites and caused distortion in tetrahedral aluminum that made the outer shell susceptible to alkaline treatment. These distorted tetrahedral Al were mostly leached out by NaOH in 1 min. Furthermore, aluminum in the filtrate was slowly redeposited onto the zeolite, serving as external pore-directing agents to control silicon dissolution from the Si-rich interior. This dealumination-realumination alkaline treatment process led to a higher solid yield and a uniform opened-mesopore structure with mesopores around 13 nm in diameter. This material was characterized by SEM, TEM, N2 adsorption, and mercury porosimetry. In addition, NH3-TPD, OH-IR, 27Al MAS NMR, and 1H MAS NMR results demonstrated that the reinserted Al were unlike the framework Al, contributing less to acidity. The dealumination-realumination process, therefore, was also capable of tuning the acidity of the mesoporous ZSM-5. This mesoporous catalyst exhibited a longer lifetime and a higher propylene selectivity than other catalysts with an enclosed mesopore structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xinwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Shutao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yingxu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Chunshan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, EMS Energy Institute, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, Pennsylvania State University , University Park 16802, Pennsylvania, United States
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17
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Antunes MM, Lima S, Fernandes A, Magalhães AL, Neves P, Silva CM, Ribeiro MF, Chadwick D, Hellgardt K, Pillinger M, Valente AA. MFI Acid Catalysts with Different Crystal Sizes and Porosity for the Conversion of Furanic Compounds in Alcohol Media. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margarida M. Antunes
- Department of Chemistry; CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials; University of Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Sérgio Lima
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Imperial College London; South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Auguste Fernandes
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering; Instituto Superior Técnico; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Ana L. Magalhães
- Department of Chemistry; CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials; University of Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Patrícia Neves
- Department of Chemistry; CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials; University of Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Silva
- Department of Chemistry; CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials; University of Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Maria F. Ribeiro
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering; Instituto Superior Técnico; Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - David Chadwick
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Imperial College London; South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Klaus Hellgardt
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Imperial College London; South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Martyn Pillinger
- Department of Chemistry; CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials; University of Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Anabela A. Valente
- Department of Chemistry; CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials; University of Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
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18
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Ristanović Z, Kubarev AV, Hofkens J, Roeffaers MBJ, Weckhuysen BM. Single Molecule Nanospectroscopy Visualizes Proton-Transfer Processes within a Zeolite Crystal. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13586-13596. [PMID: 27709925 PMCID: PMC5089756 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Visualizing proton-transfer processes at the nanoscale is essential for understanding the reactivity of zeolite-based catalyst materials. In this work, the Brønsted-acid-catalyzed oligomerization of styrene derivatives was used for the first time as a single molecule probe reaction to study the reactivity of individual zeolite H-ZSM-5 crystals in different zeolite framework, reactant and solvent environments. This was accomplished via the formation of distinct dimeric and trimeric fluorescent carbocations, characterized by their different photostability, as detected by single molecule fluorescence microscopy. The oligomerization kinetics turned out to be very sensitive to the reaction conditions and the presence of the local structural defects in zeolite H-ZSM-5 crystals. The remarkably photostable trimeric carbocations were found to be formed predominantly near defect-rich crystalline regions. This spectroscopic marker offers clear prospects for nanoscale quality control of zeolite-based materials. Interestingly, replacing n-heptane with 1-butanol as a solvent led to a reactivity decrease of several orders and shorter survival times of fluorescent products due to the strong chemisorption of 1-butanol onto the Brønsted acid sites. A similar effect was achieved by changing the electrophilic character of the para-substituent of the styrene moiety. Based on the measured turnover rates we have established a quantitative, single turnover approach to evaluate substituent and solvent effects on the reactivity of individual zeolite H-ZSM-5 crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Ristanović
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexey V. Kubarev
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and
Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and
Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Maarten B. J. Roeffaers
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and
Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic
Chemistry and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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19
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Prieto G, Tüysüz H, Duyckaerts N, Knossalla J, Wang GH, Schüth F. Hollow Nano- and Microstructures as Catalysts. Chem Rev 2016; 116:14056-14119. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 550] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Prieto
- Department of Heterogeneous
Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der
Ruhr, Germany
| | - Harun Tüysüz
- Department of Heterogeneous
Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der
Ruhr, Germany
| | - Nicolas Duyckaerts
- Department of Heterogeneous
Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der
Ruhr, Germany
| | - Johannes Knossalla
- Department of Heterogeneous
Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der
Ruhr, Germany
| | - Guang-Hui Wang
- Department of Heterogeneous
Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der
Ruhr, Germany
| | - Ferdi Schüth
- Department of Heterogeneous
Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der
Ruhr, Germany
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20
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Dai C, Zhang A, Liu M, Gu L, Guo X, Song C. Hollow Alveolus-Like Nanovesicle Assembly with Metal-Encapsulated Hollow Zeolite Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2016; 10:7401-7408. [PMID: 27429013 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the vesicular structure of alveolus which has a porous nanovesicle structure facilitating the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide, we designed a hollow nanovesicle assembly with metal-encapsulated hollow zeolite that would enhance diffusion of reactants/products and inhibit sintering and leaching of active metals. This zeolitic nanovesicle has been successfully synthesized by a strategy which involves a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of hollow assembly of metal-containing solid zeolite crystals without a structural template and a selective desilication-recrystallization accompanied by leaching-hydrolysis to convert the metal-containing solid crystals into metal-encapsulated hollow crystals. We demonstrate the strategy in synthesizing a hollow nanovesicle assembly of Fe2O3-encapsulated hollow crystals of ZSM-5 zeolite. This material possesses a microporous (0.4-0.6 nm) wall of hollow crystals and a mesoporous (5-17 nm) shell of nanovesicle with macropores (about 350 nm) in the core. This hierarchical structure enables excellent Fe2O3 dispersion (3-4 nm) and resistance to sintering even at 800 °C; facilitates the transport of reactant/products; and exhibits superior activity and resistance to leaching in phenol degradation. Hollow nanovesicle assembly of Fe-Pt bimetal-encapsulated hollow ZSM-5 crystals was also prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Anfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Lin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- Shanghai Baosteel Chemical Co., Ltd. , No. 3501 Tongji Road, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xinwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Chunshan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- EMS Energy Institute, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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21
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Ristanović Z, Hofmann JP, Richard MI, Jiang T, Chahine GA, Schülli TU, Meirer F, Weckhuysen BM. X-ray Excited Optical Fluorescence and Diffraction Imaging of Reactivity and Crystallinity in a Zeolite Crystal: Crystallography and Molecular Spectroscopy in One. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 128:7622-7626. [PMID: 27478278 PMCID: PMC4950131 DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships in heterogeneous catalysis are challenging to be measured on a single-particle level. For the first time, one X-ray beam is used to determine the crystallographic structure and reactivity of a single zeolite crystal. The method generates μm-resolved X-ray diffraction (μ-XRD) and X-ray excited optical fluorescence (μ-XEOF) maps of the crystallinity and Brønsted reactivity of a zeolite crystal previously reacted with a styrene probe molecule. The local gradients in chemical reactivity (derived from μ-XEOF) were correlated with local crystallinity and framework Al content, determined by μ-XRD. Two distinctly different types of fluorescent species formed selectively, depending on the local zeolite crystallinity. The results illustrate the potential of this approach to resolve the crystallographic structure of a porous material and its reactivity in one experiment via X-ray induced fluorescence of organic molecules formed at the reactive centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Ristanović
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Jan P Hofmann
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 993584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands; Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility 6 rue Jules Horowitz 38043 Grenoble Cedex France; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM 2NP UMR 7334, 13397 Marseille France
| | - Tao Jiang
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Gilbert A Chahine
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility 6 rue Jules Horowitz 38043 Grenoble Cedex France
| | - Tobias U Schülli
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility 6 rue Jules Horowitz 38043 Grenoble Cedex France
| | - Florian Meirer
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
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22
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Ristanović Z, Hofmann JP, Richard MI, Jiang T, Chahine GA, Schülli TU, Meirer F, Weckhuysen BM. X-ray Excited Optical Fluorescence and Diffraction Imaging of Reactivity and Crystallinity in a Zeolite Crystal: Crystallography and Molecular Spectroscopy in One. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7496-500. [PMID: 27145171 PMCID: PMC4950320 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships in heterogeneous catalysis are challenging to be measured on a single-particle level. For the first time, one X-ray beam is used to determine the crystallographic structure and reactivity of a single zeolite crystal. The method generates μm-resolved X-ray diffraction (μ-XRD) and X-ray excited optical fluorescence (μ-XEOF) maps of the crystallinity and Brønsted reactivity of a zeolite crystal previously reacted with a styrene probe molecule. The local gradients in chemical reactivity (derived from μ-XEOF) were correlated with local crystallinity and framework Al content, determined by μ-XRD. Two distinctly different types of fluorescent species formed selectively, depending on the local zeolite crystallinity. The results illustrate the potential of this approach to resolve the crystallographic structure of a porous material and its reactivity in one experiment via X-ray induced fluorescence of organic molecules formed at the reactive centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Ristanović
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan P Hofmann
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38043, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Tao Jiang
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gilbert A Chahine
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38043, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Tobias U Schülli
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38043, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Florian Meirer
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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23
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Yuan D, Kang C, Wang W, Li H, Zhu X, Wang Y, Gao X, Wang B, Zhao H, Liu C, Shen B. Creation of mesostructured hollow Y zeolite by selective demetallation of an artificial heterogeneous Al distributed zeolite crystal. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy01841f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A hollow mesoporous Y zeolite has been fabricated via a selective demetallation method based on an artificial heterogeneous Al distribution strategy.
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