1
|
Wen B, Li C, Kang B, Zheng T, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Xu L, Oh J, Osuka A, Kim D, Song J. Cyclic Azobenzene-BODIPY Hybrids. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303193. [PMID: 37943119 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic azobenzene-BODIPY hybrids were synthesized via cyclization by 1) acid-catalysed condensation of azobenzene-bridged dipyrroles with 3,5-di-tert-butylbenzaldehyde, 2) oxidation with DDQ, and 3) metalation with BF3 ⋅ Et2 O. The structures of many cyclic hybrids have been confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis. The absorption spectra of the hybrids reveal the effective cyclic conjugation. The ultrafast measurements reveal that the photoexcited decays of these cyclic hybrids depend upon the ring size and connectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Byeongjoo Kang
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Tao Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yibei Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Ling Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Korea (Korea
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jianxin Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nieland E, Voss J, Schmidt BM. Photoresponsive Supramolecular Cages and Macrocycles. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300353. [PMID: 37638597 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The utilisation of light to achieve precise manipulation and control over the structure and function of supramolecular assemblies has emerged as a highly promising approach in the development of complex, configurable, or multifunctional systems and nanoscopic machine-like entities. In this minireview, we highlight recent examples of self-assembled and covalently bound cages and macrocycles with a focus on the external and internal functionalisation of a structure with a photoswitchable unit or the embedment of a photoswitch into the framework of a structure. Functionalising the interior or exterior of a supramolecular cage or macrocycle with a photoresponsive group enables control over different properties, such as guest binding or assembly in the solid-state, while the overall shape of the assembly often undergoes no significant change. By directly integrating a photoswitchable unit into the framework of a supramolecular structure, the isomerisation can either induce a geometry change, the disassembly, or the disassembly and reassembly of the structure. Historical and recent examples covered in this review are based on azobenzene, diarylethene, stilbene photoswitches, or alkene motors that were incorporated into macrocycles and cages constructed by metal-organic, dynamic covalent, or covalent bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Nieland
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jona Voss
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd M Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ye M, Deng F, Xu L, Rao Y, Yin B, Zhou M, Kurosaki R, Aratani N, Osuka A, Song J. A Quadruply Bridged Non-Offset Face-to-Face Porphyrin Dimer and Cross-Shaped Pentameric Porphyrin Tapes Based on 2,7,12,17-Tetrakis(pinacolatoboryl) Ni II Porphyrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300260. [PMID: 36746758 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
2,7,12,17-Tetrakis(pinacolatoboryl) NiII porphyrin 5 Ni was synthesized in 75 % yield by Ir-catalyzed borylation of porphine followed by NiII metalation and has been demonstrated to be a useful synthon, giving 2,7,12,17-tetraaryated NiII porphyrins 6 a-d, peripherally octaarylated NiII porphyrins 8 a-d, quadruply bridged face-to-face non-offset NiII -porphyrin dimer 12, and cross-shaped β-meso singly linked porphyrin pentamers and nonamers. Oxidation of cross-shaped β-meso singly linked porphyrin pentamers 14 Ni and 14 Zn gave fused pentameric tapes 15 Ni and 15 Zn. The structures of 12, 14 Zn, and 15 Ni have been revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Optical separation of 12 has been accomplished, showing a bisignate coupling pattern for exciton-coupled blue-shifted Soret band. Pentameric porphyrin tape 15 Zn exhibits a red-shifted absorption band at 1156 nm and seven reversible redox waves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Fangling Deng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yutao Rao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Bangshao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Ryo Kurosaki
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jianxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumar P, Gupta D, Grewal S, Srivastava A, Kumar Gaur A, Venkataramani S. Multiple Azoarenes Based Systems - Photoswitching, Supramolecular Chemistry and Application Prospects. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200074. [PMID: 35860915 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the recent decades, the investigations on photoresponsive molecular systems with multiple azoarenes are quite popular in diverse perspectives ranging from fundamental understanding of multiple photoswitches, supramolecular chemistry, and various application prospects. In fact, several insightful and conceptual designs of such systems were investigated with architectural distinctions. In particular, the demonstration of applications such as data storage with the help of multistate or orthogonal photoswitches, light modulation of catalysis via cooperative switching, sensors using supramolecular host-guest interactions, and materials such as liquid crystals, grating, actuators, etc. are some of the milestones in this area. Herein, we cover the recent advancements in the research areas of multiazoarenes containing systems that have been classified into Type-1 {linear, non-linear, and core-based (A)}, Type-2 {tripodal C3 -symmetric (C3)} and Type-3 {macrocyclic (M)} structural motifs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pravesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab, 140306, INDIA
| | - Debapriya Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab, 140306, INDIA
| | - Surbhi Grewal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab, 140306, INDIA
| | - Anjali Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab, 140306, INDIA
| | - Ankit Kumar Gaur
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab, 140306, INDIA
| | - Sugumar Venkataramani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab, 140306, INDIA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Taniguchi M, Lindsey JS, Bocian DF, Holten D. Comprehensive review of photophysical parameters (ε, Φf, τs) of tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP) and zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) – Critical benchmark molecules in photochemistry and photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2020.100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
6
|
Wang K, Osuka A, Song J. Pd-Catalyzed Cross Coupling Strategy for Functional Porphyrin Arrays. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:2159-2178. [PMID: 33376779 PMCID: PMC7760067 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrin arrays are an important class of compounds to study interporphyrin electronic interactions that are crucial in determining the rates of energy transfer and electron transfer reactions. When the electronic interactions become stronger, porphyrin arrays exhibit significantly altered optical and electronic properties owing to large oscillator strength and flexible electronic nature of porphyrins. In addition, porphyrins accept various metal cation in their cavities and the interporphyrin interactions depend upon the coordinated metal. With these in the background, porphyrin arrays have been extensively explored as sensors, multielectron catalysts, photodynamic therapy reagents, artificial photosynthetic antenna, nonlinear optical materials, and so on. Here, we review the synthesis of porphyrin arrays by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, which are quite effective to construct carbon-carbon bonds and carbon-nitrogen bonds in porphyrin substrates. Palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions employed so far are Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction, Sonogashira coupling reaction, Buchwald-Hartwig amination, Mizoroki-Heck reaction, Migita-Kosugi-Stille coupling reaction, and so on. In each case, the representative examples and synthetic advantages are discussed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Gao Y, Walter V, Ferguson MJ, Tykwinski RR. Hierarchical Synthesis, Structure, and Photophysical Properties of Gallium- and Ruthenium-Porphyrins with Axially Bonded Azo Ligands. Chemistry 2020; 26:16712-16720. [PMID: 32706454 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The hierarchical synthesis of three porphyrin and four bisporphyrin derivatives is presented. This strategy relies on the incorporation of linkers based on azo moieties appended with pyridyl and/or acetylenic groups that facilitate axial coordination to Ga- and Ru-metalloporphyrins. These porphyrinic systems allow for a quantitative analysis of the effects of diamagnetic anisotropy (DA) by using 1 H NMR spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses. A simple power-law relationship between the proton chemical shift and the distance from the porphyrin core is experimentally outlined, which confirms previous theoretical predictions and shows that the limit of DA is about 2 nm. Photophysical properties of the azo-linked porphyrins are analyzed by UV/Vis spectroscopy, showing that significant cis-trans isomerization is not observed for azo ligands bound only to Ga-porphyrins. Incorporation of Ru-porphyrins to an azo ligand facilitates photoswitching behavior, but the process faces competition from decarbonylation of the Ru-porphyrin, and appreciable switching is only documented for GaL1Ru.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueze Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Vroni Walter
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy &, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Geng WC, Sun H, Guo DS. Macrocycles containing azo groups: recognition, assembly and application. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-018-0819-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
9
|
Yin B, Liang X, Zhu W, Xu L, Zhou M, Song J. β to β Terpyridylene–bridged porphyrin nanorings. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
10
|
Zhang S, Oh Kim J, Li Y, Bin Wen, Zhou M, Liu S, Aratani N, Xu L, Kim D, Song J. meso-to-meso 2,5-Pyrrolylene bridged zig-zag porphyrin arrays. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11488-11491. [PMID: 28990035 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06793c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
meso-to-meso 2,5-Pyrrolylene bridged zig-zag porphyrin arrays have been synthesized via a stepwise Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction. Both the dimeric and trimeric structures of ZnII porphyrin were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. DFT calculations indicate that the porphyrin oligomers are all in zig-zag conformations. The UV/Vis absorption and emission spectra of these porphyrin oligomers were red-shifted as the number of their porphyrin units increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senmiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of Application and Assemble of Organic Functional molecules, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yin B, Kim T, Zhou M, Huang W, Kim D, Song J. Porphyrin–Azobenzene–Bodipy Triads: Syntheses, Structures, and Photophysical Properties. Org Lett 2017; 19:2654-2657. [PMID: 28467094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bangshao Yin
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry
of Education of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application
of Organic Functional Molecules, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional pi-Electronic Systems and Department of
Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry
of Education of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application
of Organic Functional Molecules, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Weiming Huang
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry
of Education of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application
of Organic Functional Molecules, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional pi-Electronic Systems and Department of
Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jianxin Song
- Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry
of Education of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application
of Organic Functional Molecules, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hiroto S, Miyake Y, Shinokubo H. Synthesis and Functionalization of Porphyrins through Organometallic Methodologies. Chem Rev 2016; 117:2910-3043. [PMID: 27709907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the postfunctionalization of porphyrins and related compounds through catalytic and stoichiometric organometallic methodologies. The employment of organometallic reactions has become common in porphyrin synthesis. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are now standard techniques for constructing carbon-carbon bonds in porphyrin synthesis. In addition, iridium- or palladium-catalyzed direct C-H functionalization of porphyrins is emerging as an efficient way to install various substituents onto porphyrins. Furthermore, the copper-mediated Huisgen cycloaddition reaction has become a frequent strategy to incorporate porphyrin units into functional molecules. The use of these organometallic techniques, along with the traditional porphyrin synthesis, now allows chemists to construct a wide range of highly elaborated and complex porphyrin architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hiroto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stępień M, Gońka E, Żyła M, Sprutta N. Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds: Synthetic Routes, Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 117:3479-3716. [PMID: 27258218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 851] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensionally extended, polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules (heterocyclic nanographenes) are a highly versatile class of organic materials, applicable as functional chromophores and organic semiconductors. In this Review, we discuss the rich chemistry of large heteroaromatics, focusing on their synthesis, electronic properties, and applications in materials science. This Review summarizes the historical development and current state of the art in this rapidly expanding field of research, which has become one of the key exploration areas of modern heterocyclic chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Gońka
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marika Żyła
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Natasza Sprutta
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|