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Bugarin A, Patil SA, Tran RQ, Marichev KO. Metal complexes of backbone-halogenated imidazol-2-ylidenes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2024; 572:122263. [PMID: 39156221 PMCID: PMC11326507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2024.122263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
In this manuscript, literature reports on mono- and di-halogen (F, Cl, Br, and I) substituted at positions 4 or/and 4,5 imidazol-2-ylidene (NHC) metal complexes are discussed: particularly, their structural diversity with various metals (groups 6-13), important physicochemical properties, catalytic and medicinal/biological applications are reviewed. To our knowledge, there are no literature reports on group 4 and 5 metal complexes with this type of NHC ligands. Halogenated imidazol-2-ylidene metal complexes deserve special attention because halogens are the classic electron donating groups (mesomerically) in conjugated aromatic/heteroaromatic ring systems, but electron withdrawing inductively. However, they exhibit a significant electron withdrawing inductive effect, thus providing unique electronic properties. This is important for fine tuning of σ-donor abilities of the "carbenic" carbon of imidazol-2-ylidenes, which directly affect catalytic performance of their metal complexes. Other applications, advantages, and disadvantages of halogenated vs. unsubstituted imidazol-2-ylidene metal complexes are critically analyzed and summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Bugarin
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, USA
| | - Siddappa A. Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ryan Q. Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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2
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Lin Z, Yu Y, Liu R, Zi W. Design, Preparation, and Implementation of Axially Chiral Benzotetramisoles as Lewis Base Catalysts for Asymmetric Cycloadditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401181. [PMID: 38725281 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Developing novel catalysts with potent activity is of great importance in organocatalysis. In this study, we designed and prepared a new class of benzotetramisole Lewis base catalysts (AxBTM) that have both central and axial chirality. This unique feature of these catalysts results in a three-dimensional microenvironment with multi-layers of chirality. The performance of the developed catalysts was tested in a series of cycloaddition reactions. These included the AxBTM-catalyzed (2+2) cycloaddition between α-fluoro-α-aryl anhydride with imines or oxindoles, and the sequential gold/AxBTM-catalyzed (4+2) cycloaddition of enynamides with pentafluorophenyl esters. The interplay between axial and central chirality had a collaborative effect in regulating the stereochemistry in these cycloadditions, leading to high levels of stereoselectivity that would otherwise be challenging to achieve using conventional BTM catalysts. However, the (2+2) and (4+2) cycloadditions have different predilections for axial and central chirality combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Lin
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Weiwei Zi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300071, China
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3
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Arojojoye AS, Kim JH, Olelewe C, Parkin S, Awuah SG. Chiral gold(III) complexes: speciation, in vitro, and in vivo anticancer profile. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10237-10240. [PMID: 36004570 PMCID: PMC10317552 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03081k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Emerging synthetic development of chiral gold(III) complexes has prompted new opportunities in catalysis and material science with limited utility in biomedicine. Here, we demonstrate potential chemotherapeutic capability of [C^N]Au(III)Cl(R-DuPhos) (1-7) complexes, containing 1,2-bis[(2R,5R)-2,5-dialkylphospholano]benzene, which shows good stabilty, potent anticancer activity, and tolerability in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jong H Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
| | - Chibuzor Olelewe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
| | - Samuel G Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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4
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Bitai J, Nimmo AJ, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Cooperative Palladium/Isothiourea Catalyzed Enantioselective Formal (3+2) Cycloaddition of Vinylcyclopropanes and α,β-Unsaturated Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202621. [PMID: 35389553 PMCID: PMC9324207 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A protocol for the enantioselective synthesis of substituted vinylcyclopentanes has been realised using cooperative palladium and isothiourea catalysis. Treatment of vinylcyclopropanes with Pd(PPh3 )4 generates a zwitterionic π-allyl palladium intermediate that intercepts a catalytically generated α,β-unsaturated acyl ammonium species prepared from the corresponding α,β-unsaturated para-nitrophenyl ester and the isothiourea (R)-BTM. Intermolecular formal (3+2) cycloaddition between these reactive intermediates generates functionalised cyclopentanes in generally good yields and excellent diastereo- and enantiocontrol (up to >95 : 5 dr, 97 : 3 er), with the use of LiCl as an additive proving essential for optimal stereocontrol. To the best of our knowledge a dual transition metal/organocatalytic process involving α,β-unsaturated acyl ammonium intermediates has not been demonstrated previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Bitai
- EaStCHEM, School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt Andrews, FifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Alastair J. Nimmo
- EaStCHEM, School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt Andrews, FifeKY16 9STUK
| | | | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt Andrews, FifeKY16 9STUK
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Lu Y, Ma X, Chang X, Liang Z, Lv L, Shan M, Lu Q, Wen Z, Gust R, Liu W. Recent development of gold(I) and gold(III) complexes as therapeutic agents for cancer diseases. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5518-5556. [PMID: 35699475 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00933h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes have demonstrated significant antitumor activities and platinum complexes are well established in the clinical application of cancer chemotherapy. However, the platinum-based treatment of different types of cancers is massively hampered by severe side effects and resistance development. Consequently, the development of novel metal-based drugs with different mechanism of action and pharmaceutical profile attracts modern medicinal chemists to design and synthesize novel metal-based agents. Among non-platinum anticancer drugs, gold complexes have gained considerable attention due to their significant antiproliferative potency and efficacy. In most situations, the gold complexes exhibit anticancer activities by targeting thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) or other thiol-rich proteins and enzymes and trigger cell death via reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, gold complexes were recently reported to elicit biochemical hallmarks of immunogenic cell death (ICD) as an ICD inducer. In this review, the recent progress of gold(I) and gold(III) complexes is comprehensively summarized, and their activities and mechanism of action are documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xingyu Chang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhenlin Liang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Lin Lv
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Min Shan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Qiuyue Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhenfan Wen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Ronald Gust
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Wukun Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China. .,State key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Bitai J, Nimmo AJ, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Cooperative Palladium/Isothiourea Catalyzed Enantioselective Formal (3+2) Cycloaddition of Vinylcyclopropanes and a,b‐Unsaturated Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrew David Smith
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry North Haugh FIFE, KY10 3TH St. Andrews UNITED KINGDOM
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Fayyaz S, Shaikh M, Gasperini D, Nolan SP, Smith AD, Choudhary MI. In vitro and in cellulo anti-diabetic activity of AuI- and AuIII-isothiourea complexes. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jouhannet R, Dagorne S, Blanc A, de Frémont P. Chiral Gold(III) Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Potential Applications. Chemistry 2021; 27:9218-9240. [PMID: 33780060 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the 2000's, homogeneous gold catalysis has emerged as a powerful tool to promote the cyclization of unsaturated substrates with excellent regioselectivity allowing the synthesis of elaborated organic scaffolds. An important goal to achieve in gold catalysis is the possibility to induce enantioselective transformations by the assistance of chiral complexes. Unfortunately, the linear geometry of coordination for gold usually encountered in complexes at the +1 oxidation states renders this goal very challenging. In consequence, the interest toward the synthesis of chiral gold(III) complexes is steadily growing. Indeed, the square planar geometry of the gold(III) cation appears more suitable to promote chiral induction. Beside catalysis, gold(III) complexes have also shown promising potential in the field of pharmacology. Herein, syntheses and applications of well-defined gold(III) complexes reported over the last fifteen years are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Jouhannet
- Equipe de Synthèse, Réactivité et Catalyse Organométalliques, UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Samuel Dagorne
- Equipe de Synthèse, Réactivité et Catalyse Organométalliques, UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aurélien Blanc
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organique et Catalyse, UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre de Frémont
- Equipe de Synthèse, Réactivité et Catalyse Organométalliques, UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg, France
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Kuan TH, Hou DR. Synthesis of 2-Aryl Acetophenones via Hydrobromination and Oxy-isomerization of ( o-Arylethynyl)benzyl Alcohols. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6907-6917. [PMID: 33852296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrobromination and oxy-isomerization of (o-arylethynyl)benzyl alcohols to yield brominated aryl ketones were achieved with bromotrimethylsilane. The substrate scope suggested that vinyl carbocations, stabilized by the conjugated aryl groups, are the reaction intermediates. 1H-Isochromene was also detected by 1H NMR, and an isolated 1H-isochromene was converted to the product when retreated with TMSBr. The formation of 1H-isochromene is equivalent to a 6-endo-dig cyclization and contrasts with the corresponding reactions under basic conditions, in which the 5-exo-dig process dominated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hsuan Kuan
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, No. 300 Jhong-Da Road, Jhong-li, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Duen-Ren Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, No. 300 Jhong-Da Road, Jhong-li, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
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10
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Reiersølmoen AC, Battaglia S, Orthaber A, Lindh R, Erdélyi M, Fiksdahl A. P, N-Chelated Gold(III) Complexes: Structure and Reactivity. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:2847-2855. [PMID: 33169989 PMCID: PMC7927145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Gold(III) complexes are versatile catalysts offering a growing number of new synthetic transformations. Our current understanding of the mechanism of homogeneous gold(III) catalysis is, however, limited, with that of phosphorus-containing complexes being hitherto underexplored. The ease of phosphorus oxidation by gold(III) has so far hindered the use of phosphorus ligands in the context of gold(III) catalysis. We present a method for the generation of P,N-chelated gold(III) complexes that circumvents ligand oxidation and offers full counterion control, avoiding the unwanted formation of AuCl4-. On the basis of NMR spectroscopic, X-ray crystallographic, and density functional theory analyses, we assess the mechanism of formation of the active catalyst and of gold(III)-mediated styrene cyclopropanation with propargyl ester and intramolecular alkoxycyclization of 1,6-enyne. P,N-chelated gold(III) complexes are demonstrated to be straightforward to generate and be catalytically active in synthetically useful transformations of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Christin Reiersølmoen
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stefano Battaglia
- Department of Chemistry-BMC Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Ångström Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roland Lindh
- Department of Chemistry-BMC Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Máté Erdélyi
- Department of Chemistry-BMC Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anne Fiksdahl
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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11
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Chirality in gold(III) homodimeric complexes. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Munday ES, Grove MA, Feoktistova T, Brueckner AC, Walden DM, Young CM, Slawin AMZ, Campbell AD, Cheong PH, Smith AD. Isothiourea‐Catalyzed Atropselective Acylation of Biaryl Phenols via Sequential Desymmetrization/Kinetic Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S. Munday
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Markas A. Grove
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Taisiia Feoktistova
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | | | - Daniel M. Walden
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Claire M. Young
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Andrew D. Campbell
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development AstraZeneca Silk Road Business Park Macclesfield Cheshire SK10 2NA UK
| | - Paul Ha‐Yeon Cheong
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
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Munday ES, Grove MA, Feoktistova T, Brueckner AC, Walden DM, Young CM, Slawin AMZ, Campbell AD, Cheong PH, Smith AD. Isothiourea‐Catalyzed Atropselective Acylation of Biaryl Phenols via Sequential Desymmetrization/Kinetic Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7897-7905. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S. Munday
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Markas A. Grove
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Taisiia Feoktistova
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | | | - Daniel M. Walden
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Claire M. Young
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Andrew D. Campbell
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development AstraZeneca Silk Road Business Park Macclesfield Cheshire SK10 2NA UK
| | - Paul Ha‐Yeon Cheong
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
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