1
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Malla SB, Byrne RM, Lafarge MW, Corry SM, Fisher NC, Tsantoulis PK, Mills ML, Ridgway RA, Lannagan TRM, Najumudeen AK, Gilroy KL, Amirkhah R, Maguire SL, Mulholland EJ, Belnoue-Davis HL, Grassi E, Viviani M, Rogan E, Redmond KL, Sakhnevych S, McCooey AJ, Bull C, Hoey E, Sinevici N, Hall H, Ahmaderaghi B, Domingo E, Blake A, Richman SD, Isella C, Miller C, Bertotti A, Trusolino L, Loughrey MB, Kerr EM, Tejpar S, Maughan TS, Lawler M, Campbell AD, Leedham SJ, Koelzer VH, Sansom OJ, Dunne PD. Pathway level subtyping identifies a slow-cycling biological phenotype associated with poor clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer. Nat Genet 2024; 56:458-472. [PMID: 38351382 PMCID: PMC10937375 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Molecular stratification using gene-level transcriptional data has identified subtypes with distinctive genotypic and phenotypic traits, as exemplified by the consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, rather than gene-level data, we make use of gene ontology and biological activation state information for initial molecular class discovery. In doing so, we defined three pathway-derived subtypes (PDS) in CRC: PDS1 tumors, which are canonical/LGR5+ stem-rich, highly proliferative and display good prognosis; PDS2 tumors, which are regenerative/ANXA1+ stem-rich, with elevated stromal and immune tumor microenvironmental lineages; and PDS3 tumors, which represent a previously overlooked slow-cycling subset of tumors within CMS2 with reduced stem populations and increased differentiated lineages, particularly enterocytes and enteroendocrine cells, yet display the worst prognosis in locally advanced disease. These PDS3 phenotypic traits are evident across numerous bulk and single-cell datasets, and demark a series of subtle biological states that are currently under-represented in pre-clinical models and are not identified using existing subtyping classifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir B Malla
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ryan M Byrne
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Maxime W Lafarge
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shania M Corry
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Natalie C Fisher
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Raheleh Amirkhah
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Sarah L Maguire
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | - Elena Grassi
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Viviani
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Emily Rogan
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Keara L Redmond
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Svetlana Sakhnevych
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Aoife J McCooey
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Courtney Bull
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Emily Hoey
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Nicoleta Sinevici
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Holly Hall
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Baharak Ahmaderaghi
- School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Enric Domingo
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Andrew Blake
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Susan D Richman
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Claudio Isella
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Crispin Miller
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrea Bertotti
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Livio Trusolino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Maurice B Loughrey
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Emma M Kerr
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Sabine Tejpar
- Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Timothy S Maughan
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Mark Lawler
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | - Viktor H Koelzer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Philip D Dunne
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK.
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2
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Fetit R, McLaren AS, White M, Mills ML, Falconer J, Cortes-Lavaud X, Gilroy K, Lannagan TRM, Ridgway RA, Nixon C, Naiker V, Njunge R, Clarke CJ, Whyte D, Kirschner K, Jackstadt R, Norman J, Carlin LM, Campbell AD, Sansom OJ, Steele CW. Characterizing Neutrophil Subtypes in Cancer Using scRNA Sequencing Demonstrates the Importance of IL1β/CXCR2 Axis in Generation of Metastasis-specific Neutrophils. Cancer Res Commun 2024; 4:588-606. [PMID: 38358352 PMCID: PMC10903300 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophils are a highly heterogeneous cellular population. However, a thorough examination of the different transcriptional neutrophil states between health and malignancy has not been performed. We utilized single-cell RNA sequencing of human and murine datasets, both publicly available and independently generated, to identify neutrophil transcriptomic subtypes and developmental lineages in health and malignancy. Datasets of lung, breast, and colorectal cancer were integrated to establish and validate neutrophil gene signatures. Pseudotime analysis was used to identify genes driving neutrophil development from health to cancer. Finally, ligand-receptor interactions and signaling pathways between neutrophils and other immune cell populations in primary colorectal cancer and metastatic colorectal cancer were investigated. We define two main neutrophil subtypes in primary tumors: an activated subtype sharing the transcriptomic signatures of healthy neutrophils; and a tumor-specific subtype. This signature is conserved in murine and human cancer, across different tumor types. In colorectal cancer metastases, neutrophils are more heterogeneous, exhibiting additional transcriptomic subtypes. Pseudotime analysis implicates IL1β/CXCL8/CXCR2 axis in the progression of neutrophils from health to cancer and metastasis, with effects on T-cell effector function. Functional analysis of neutrophil-tumoroid cocultures and T-cell proliferation assays using orthotopic metastatic mouse models lacking Cxcr2 in neutrophils support our transcriptional analysis. We propose that the emergence of metastatic-specific neutrophil subtypes is driven by the IL1β/CXCL8/CXCR2 axis, with the evolution of different transcriptomic signals that impair T-cell function at the metastatic site. Thus, a better understanding of neutrophil transcriptomic programming could optimize immunotherapeutic interventions into early and late interventions, targeting different neutrophil states. SIGNIFICANCE We identify two recurring neutrophil populations and demonstrate their staged evolution from health to malignancy through the IL1β/CXCL8/CXCR2 axis, allowing for immunotherapeutic neutrophil-targeting approaches to counteract immunosuppressive subtypes that emerge in metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Fetit
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair S McLaren
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer Sciences, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mark White
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer Sciences, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Kathryn Gilroy
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer Sciences, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Colin Nixon
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Renee Njunge
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Declan Whyte
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina Kirschner
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer Sciences, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jim Norman
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer Sciences, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Leo M Carlin
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer Sciences, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Owen J Sansom
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer Sciences, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin W Steele
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer Sciences, MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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3
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Najumudeen AK, Fey SK, Millett LM, Ford CA, Gilroy K, Gunduz N, Ridgway RA, Anderson E, Strathdee D, Clark W, Nixon C, Morton JP, Campbell AD, Sansom OJ. KRAS allelic imbalance drives tumour initiation yet suppresses metastasis in colorectal cancer in vivo. Nat Commun 2024; 15:100. [PMID: 38168062 PMCID: PMC10762264 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic KRAS mutations are well-described functionally and are known to drive tumorigenesis. Recent reports describe a significant prevalence of KRAS allelic imbalances or gene dosage changes in human cancers, including loss of the wild-type allele in KRAS mutant cancers. However, the role of wild-type KRAS in tumorigenesis and therapeutic response remains elusive. We report an in vivo murine model of colorectal cancer featuring deletion of wild-type Kras in the context of oncogenic Kras. Deletion of wild-type Kras exacerbates oncogenic KRAS signalling through MAPK and thus drives tumour initiation. Absence of wild-type Kras potentiates the oncogenic effect of KRASG12D, while incidentally inducing sensitivity to inhibition of MEK1/2. Importantly, loss of the wild-type allele in aggressive models of KRASG12D-driven CRC significantly alters tumour progression, and suppresses metastasis through modulation of the immune microenvironment. This study highlights the critical role for wild-type Kras upon tumour initiation, progression and therapeutic response in Kras mutant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arafath K Najumudeen
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sigrid K Fey
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laura M Millett
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Nuray Gunduz
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Eve Anderson
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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4
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Segbefia C, Campbell J, Tartaglione I, Asare EV, Andemariam B, Zempsky W, Colombatti R, Boatemaa GD, Boruchov D, Rao S, Piccone CM, Smith A, Haile H, Kim E, Wilson S, Farooq F, Urbonya R, Rivers A, Manwani D, Gai J, Sey F, Inusa B, Antwi-Boasiako C, Strunk C, Campbell AD. Pain Frequency and Health Care Utilization Patterns in Women with Sickle Cell Disease Experiencing Menstruation-Associated Pain Crises. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2023; 32:1284-1291. [PMID: 38011013 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pain crises in sickle cell disease (SCD) lead to high rates of health care utilization. Historically, women have reported higher pain burdens than men, with recent studies showing a temporal association between pain crisis and menstruation. However, health care utilization patterns of SCD women with menstruation-associated pain crises have not been reported. We studied the frequency, severity, and health care utilization of menstruation-associated pain crises in SCD women. Materials and Methods: A multinational, cross-sectional cohort study of the SCD phenotype was executed using a validated questionnaire and medical chart review from the Consortium for the Advancement of Sickle Cell Research (CASiRe) cohort. Total number of pain crises, emergency room/day hospital visits, and hospitalizations were collected from a subcohort of 178 SCD women within the past 6 months and previous year. Results: Thirty-nine percent of women reported menstruation-associated pain crises in their lifetime. These women were significantly more likely to be hospitalized compared with those who did not (mean 1.70 vs. 0.67, p = 0.0005). Women reporting menstruation-associated pain crises in the past 6 months also experienced increased hospitalizations compared with those who did not (mean 1.71 vs. 0.75, p = 0.0016). Forty percent of women reported at least four menstruation-associated pain crises in the past 6 months. Conclusions: Nearly 40% of SCD women have menstruation-associated pain crises. Menstruation-associated pain crises are associated with high pain burden and increased rates of hospitalization. Strategies are needed to address health care disparities within gynecologic care in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Segbefia
- Department of Child Health, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Child Health, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jillian Campbell
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Immacolata Tartaglione
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | | | - Biree Andemariam
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, New England Sickle Cell Institute, Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - William Zempsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Raffaella Colombatti
- Department of Women's and Child Health, Clinic of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gifty Dankwah Boatemaa
- Department of Physiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Donna Boruchov
- Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sudha Rao
- Department of Child Health, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Connie M Piccone
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashya Smith
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Haikel Haile
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Esther Kim
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Samuel Wilson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Fatimah Farooq
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rebekah Urbonya
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Angela Rivers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Deepa Manwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jiaxiang Gai
- Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Fredericka Sey
- Ghana Institute of Clinical Genetics, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Baba Inusa
- Department of Pediatric Haematology, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas NHS Trust, College of Nursing, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Antwi-Boasiako
- Department of Physiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- College of Health Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Crawford Strunk
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andrew D Campbell
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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5
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Coleman KD, McKinley K, Ellison AM, Alpern ER, Hariharan S, Topoz I, Wurtz M, Nielsen B, Cook LJ, Morris CR, Brandow AM, Campbell AD, Liem RI, Nuss R, Quinn CT, Thompson AA, Villella A, King AA, Baumann A, Frankenberger W, Brousseau DC. Return visit rates after an emergency department discharge for children with sickle cell pain episodes. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30553. [PMID: 37458568 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High return visit rates after hospitalization for people with sickle cell disease (SCD) have been previously established. Due to a lack of multicenter emergency department (ED) return visit rate data, the return visit rate following ED discharge for pediatric SCD pain treatment is currently unknown. PROCEDURE A seven-site retrospective cohort study of discharged ED visits for pain by children with SCD was conducted using the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network Registry. Visits between January 2017 and November 2021 were identified using previously validated criteria. The primary outcome was the 14-day return visit rate, with 3- and 7-day rates also calculated. Modified Poisson regression was used to analyze associations for age, sex, initial hospitalization rate, and a visit during the COVID-19 pandemic with return visit rates. RESULTS Of 2548 eligible ED visits, approximately 52% were patients less than 12 years old, 50% were female, and over 95% were non-Hispanic Black. The overall 14-day return visit rate was 29.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 27.4%-30.9%; site range 22.7%-31.7%); the 7- and 3-day return visit rates were 23.0% (95% CI: 21.3%-24.6%) and 16.7% (95% CI: 15.3%-18.2%), respectively. Younger children had slightly lower 14-day return visit rates (27.3% vs. 31.1%); there were no associations for site hospitalization rate, sex, and a visit occurring during the pandemic with 14-day returns. CONCLUSION Nearly 30% of ED discharged visits after SCD pain treatment had a return visit within 14 days. Increased efforts are needed to identify causes for high ED return visit rates and ensure optimal ED and post-ED care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli D Coleman
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin and the Children's Research Institute of Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kenneth McKinley
- Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Angela M Ellison
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Alpern
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Selena Hariharan
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Irina Topoz
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Morgan Wurtz
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Claudia R Morris
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amanda M Brandow
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Research Institute of Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrew D Campbell
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Robert I Liem
- Division of Hematology, Oncology & Stem Cell Transplant, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rachelle Nuss
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Charles T Quinn
- Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexis A Thompson
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Allison A King
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ana Baumann
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - David C Brousseau
- Nemours Children's Health and Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
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6
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Bailey P, Ridgway RA, Cammareri P, Treanor-Taylor M, Bailey UM, Schoenherr C, Bone M, Schreyer D, Purdie K, Thomson J, Rickaby W, Jackstadt R, Campbell AD, Dimonitsas E, Stratigos AJ, Arron ST, Wang J, Blyth K, Proby CM, Harwood CA, Sansom OJ, Leigh IM, Inman GJ. Driver gene combinations dictate cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma disease continuum progression. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5211. [PMID: 37626054 PMCID: PMC10457401 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis of disease progression from UV-induced precancerous actinic keratosis (AK) to malignant invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and potentially lethal metastatic disease remains unclear. DNA sequencing studies have revealed a massive mutational burden but have yet to illuminate mechanisms of disease progression. Here we perform RNAseq transcriptomic profiling of 110 patient samples representing normal sun-exposed skin, AK, primary and metastatic cSCC and reveal a disease continuum from a differentiated to a progenitor-like state. This is accompanied by the orchestrated suppression of master regulators of epidermal differentiation, dynamic modulation of the epidermal differentiation complex, remodelling of the immune landscape and an increase in the preponderance of tumour specific keratinocytes. Comparative systems analysis of human cSCC coupled with the generation of genetically engineered murine models reveal that combinatorial sequential inactivation of the tumour suppressor genes Tgfbr2, Trp53, and Notch1 coupled with activation of Ras signalling progressively drives cSCC progression along a differentiated to progenitor axis. Taken together we provide a comprehensive map of the cSCC disease continuum and reveal potentially actionable events that promote and accompany disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bailey
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.
- Section Surgical Research, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.
| | | | - Patrizia Cammareri
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Mairi Treanor-Taylor
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | | | - Max Bone
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Daniel Schreyer
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Karin Purdie
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 1BB, UK
| | - Jason Thomson
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 1BB, UK
- Department of Dermatology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, E1 1BB, UK
| | - William Rickaby
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas's Hospital, London, SE1 7EP, UK
| | - Rene Jackstadt
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 61920, Germany
| | | | - Emmanouil Dimonitsas
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 16121, Greece
| | - Alexander J Stratigos
- 1st Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 16121, Greece
| | - Sarah T Arron
- Department of Dermatology, University of of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 1BB, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Charlotte M Proby
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Catherine A Harwood
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 1BB, UK
- Department of Dermatology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, E1 1BB, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Irene M Leigh
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 1BB, UK.
| | - Gareth J Inman
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
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7
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Martin OY, Margulies S, Speller-Brown B, Majumdar S, Darbari DS, Campbell AD. The evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in paediatric patients with sickle cell disease: From Alpha to Omicron. Br J Haematol 2023; 202:479-484. [PMID: 37217303 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We compare the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on healthcare utilization and clinical presentation in paediatric patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). One hundred and ninety-one unique patients with SCD and positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reactions were identified between March 2020 and January 2022. Hospitalizations, which accounted for 42% (N = 81) of cases, were highest during the Delta dominant era (48%) and lowest during Omicron (36%) (p = 0.285). The most common SCD-related complication was vaso-occlusive pain (37%, N = 71), which accounted for 51% of all hospital admissions (N = 41), and acute chest was highest in the Alpha variant era (N = 15). Overall, COVID-19 remained mild in clinical severity within most paediatric SCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufunke Y Martin
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Division of Hematology, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Stefanie Margulies
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Division of Hematology, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Barbara Speller-Brown
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Division of Hematology, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Suvankar Majumdar
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Division of Hematology, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Deepika S Darbari
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Division of Hematology, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Andrew D Campbell
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Division of Hematology, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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8
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Vande Voorde J, Steven RT, Najumudeen AK, Ford CA, Dexter A, Gonzalez-Fernandez A, Nikula CJ, Xiang Y, Ford L, Maneta Stavrakaki S, Gilroy K, Zeiger LB, Pennel K, Hatthakarnkul P, Elia EA, Nasif A, Murta T, Manoli E, Mason S, Gillespie M, Lannagan TRM, Vlahov N, Ridgway RA, Nixon C, Raven A, Mills M, Athineos D, Kanellos G, Nourse C, Gay DM, Hughes M, Burton A, Yan B, Sellers K, Wu V, De Ridder K, Shokry E, Huerta Uribe A, Clark W, Clark G, Kirschner K, Thienpont B, Li VSW, Maddocks ODK, Barry ST, Goodwin RJA, Kinross J, Edwards J, Yuneva MO, Sumpton D, Takats Z, Campbell AD, Bunch J, Sansom OJ. Metabolic profiling stratifies colorectal cancer and reveals adenosylhomocysteinase as a therapeutic target. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1303-1318. [PMID: 37580540 PMCID: PMC10447251 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The genomic landscape of colorectal cancer (CRC) is shaped by inactivating mutations in tumour suppressors such as APC, and oncogenic mutations such as mutant KRAS. Here we used genetically engineered mouse models, and multimodal mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to study the impact of common genetic drivers of CRC on the metabolic landscape of the intestine. We show that untargeted metabolic profiling can be applied to stratify intestinal tissues according to underlying genetic alterations, and use mass spectrometry imaging to identify tumour, stromal and normal adjacent tissues. By identifying ions that drive variation between normal and transformed tissues, we found dysregulation of the methionine cycle to be a hallmark of APC-deficient CRC. Loss of Apc in the mouse intestine was found to be sufficient to drive expression of one of its enzymes, adenosylhomocysteinase (AHCY), which was also found to be transcriptionally upregulated in human CRC. Targeting of AHCY function impaired growth of APC-deficient organoids in vitro, and prevented the characteristic hyperproliferative/crypt progenitor phenotype driven by acute deletion of Apc in vivo, even in the context of mutant Kras. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of AHCY reduced intestinal tumour burden in ApcMin/+ mice indicating its potential as a metabolic drug target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuchen Xiang
- Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lauren Ford
- Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stefania Maneta Stavrakaki
- Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Lucas B Zeiger
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kathryn Pennel
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Eftychios Manoli
- Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sam Mason
- Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Gillespie
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Megan Mills
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Craig Nourse
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David M Gay
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Københavns Universitet, BRIC, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark Hughes
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Amy Burton
- National Physical Laboratory, London, UK
| | - Bin Yan
- National Physical Laboratory, London, UK
| | - Katherine Sellers
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Rheos Medicines, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vincen Wu
- Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kobe De Ridder
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Engy Shokry
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Graeme Clark
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Bernard Thienpont
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Early Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard J A Goodwin
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - James Kinross
- Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Joanne Edwards
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Zoltan Takats
- Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Biological Mass Spectrometry, Rosalind Franklin Institute, Didcot, UK
| | | | - Josephine Bunch
- National Physical Laboratory, London, UK
- Department of Metabolism Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Biological Mass Spectrometry, Rosalind Franklin Institute, Didcot, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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9
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Abstract
Myeloid cells are pivotal within the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. The accumulation of tumour-modified myeloid cells derived from monocytes or neutrophils - termed 'myeloid-derived suppressor cells' - and tumour-associated macrophages is associated with poor outcome and resistance to treatments such as chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Unfortunately, there has been little success in large-scale clinical trials of myeloid cell modulators, and only a few distinct strategies have been used to target suppressive myeloid cells clinically so far. Preclinical and translational studies have now elucidated specific functions for different myeloid cell subpopulations within the tumour microenvironment, revealing context-specific roles of different myeloid cell populations in disease progression and influencing response to therapy. To improve the success of myeloid cell-targeted therapies, it will be important to target tumour types and patient subsets in which myeloid cells represent the dominant driver of therapy resistance, as well as to determine the most efficacious treatment regimens and combination partners. This Review discusses what we can learn from work with the first generation of myeloid modulators and highlights recent developments in modelling context-specific roles for different myeloid cell subtypes, which can ultimately inform how to drive more successful clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Early Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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10
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Henry JM, Milne D, Perkins D, Hicks W, Hose DRJ, Campbell AD, Mullen AK, Inglesby PA, Raw SA, Jones MF. Exploiting the Physical Properties of Diethanolamine Boronic Esters for Process Improvements in AZD5718. Org Process Res Dev 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Henry
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - David Milne
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Dave Perkins
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - William Hicks
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - David R. J. Hose
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Andrew D. Campbell
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Alexander K. Mullen
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Phillip A. Inglesby
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Steven A. Raw
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Martin F. Jones
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
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11
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Amirkhah R, Gilroy K, Malla SB, Lannagan TRM, Byrne RM, Fisher NC, Corry SM, Mohamed NE, Naderi-Meshkin H, Mills ML, Campbell AD, Ridgway RA, Ahmaderaghi B, Murray R, Llergo AB, Sanz-Pamplona R, Villanueva A, Batlle E, Salazar R, Lawler M, Sansom OJ, Dunne PD. MmCMS: mouse models' consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1333-1343. [PMID: 36717674 PMCID: PMC10050155 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) primary tumours are molecularly classified into four consensus molecular subtypes (CMS1-4). Genetically engineered mouse models aim to faithfully mimic the complexity of human cancers and, when appropriately aligned, represent ideal pre-clinical systems to test new drug treatments. Despite its importance, dual-species classification has been limited by the lack of a reliable approach. Here we utilise, develop and test a set of options for human-to-mouse CMS classifications of CRC tissue. METHODS Using transcriptional data from established collections of CRC tumours, including human (TCGA cohort; n = 577) and mouse (n = 57 across n = 8 genotypes) tumours with combinations of random forest and nearest template prediction algorithms, alongside gene ontology collections, we comprehensively assess the performance of a suite of new dual-species classifiers. RESULTS We developed three approaches: MmCMS-A; a gene-level classifier, MmCMS-B; an ontology-level approach and MmCMS-C; a combined pathway system encompassing multiple biological and histological signalling cascades. Although all options could identify tumours associated with stromal-rich CMS4-like biology, MmCMS-A was unable to accurately classify the biology underpinning epithelial-like subtypes (CMS2/3) in mouse tumours. CONCLUSIONS When applying human-based transcriptional classifiers to mouse tumour data, a pathway-level classifier, rather than an individual gene-level system, is optimal. Our R package enables researchers to select suitable mouse models of human CRC subtype for their experimental testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Amirkhah
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Sudhir B Malla
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Ryan M Byrne
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Natalie C Fisher
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Shania M Corry
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | | | - Baharak Ahmaderaghi
- School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Richard Murray
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Antoni Berenguer Llergo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Sanz-Pamplona
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and CIBERESP, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Chemoresistance and Predictive Factors Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Salazar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), CIBERONC and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark Lawler
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Philip D Dunne
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
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12
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Flanagan DJ, Amirkhah R, Vincent DF, Gunduz N, Gentaz P, Cammareri P, McCooey AJ, McCorry AMB, Fisher NC, Davis HL, Ridgway RA, Lohuis J, Leach JDG, Jackstadt R, Gilroy K, Mariella E, Nixon C, Clark W, Hedley A, Markert EK, Strathdee D, Bartholin L, Redmond KL, Kerr EM, Longley DB, Ginty F, Cho S, Coleman HG, Loughrey MB, Bardelli A, Maughan TS, Campbell AD, Lawler M, Leedham SJ, Barry ST, Inman GJ, van Rheenen J, Dunne PD, Sansom OJ. Author Correction: Epithelial TGFβ engages growth-factor signalling to circumvent apoptosis and drive intestinal tumourigenesis with aggressive features. Nat Commun 2023; 14:522. [PMID: 36720858 PMCID: PMC9889781 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36266-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin J Flanagan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Raheleh Amirkhah
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Nuray Gunduz
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Aoife J McCooey
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Amy M B McCorry
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Natalie C Fisher
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Hayley L Davis
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jeroen Lohuis
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua D G Leach
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rene Jackstadt
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH) and Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Elisa Mariella
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, UK
| | - Elke K Markert
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Keara L Redmond
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Emma M Kerr
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Daniel B Longley
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Fiona Ginty
- GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | - Sanghee Cho
- GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | - Helen G Coleman
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Maurice B Loughrey
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Timothy S Maughan
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Mark Lawler
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Simon J Leedham
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gareth J Inman
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip D Dunne
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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13
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Hulbert ML, Manwani D, Meier ER, Alvarez OA, Brown RC, Callaghan MU, Campbell AD, Coates TD, Frei-Jones MJ, Hankins JS, Heeney MM, Hsu LL, Lebensburger JD, Quinn CT, Shah N, Smith-Whitley K, Thornburg C, Kanter J. Consensus definition of essential, optimal, and suggested components of a pediatric sickle cell disease center. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e29961. [PMID: 36094289 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) requires coordinated, specialized medical care for optimal outcomes. There are no United States (US) guidelines that define a pediatric comprehensive SCD program. We report a modified Delphi consensus-seeking process to determine essential, optimal, and suggested elements of a comprehensive pediatric SCD center. Nineteen pediatric SCD specialists participated from the US. Consensus was predefined as 2/3 agreement on each element's categorization. Twenty-six elements were considered essential (required for guideline-based SCD care), 10 were optimal (recommended but not required), and five were suggested. This work lays the foundation for a formal recognition process of pediatric comprehensive SCD centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Hulbert
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Deepa Manwani
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emily Riehm Meier
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ofelia A Alvarez
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - R Clark Brown
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael U Callaghan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew D Campbell
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Thomas D Coates
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles/University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Melissa J Frei-Jones
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas School of Medicine-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jane S Hankins
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew M Heeney
- Dana Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lewis L Hsu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lebensburger
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Charles T Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Nirmish Shah
- Divisions of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Hematology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kim Smith-Whitley
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Global Blood Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Courtney Thornburg
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Rady Children's Hospital/Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Julie Kanter
- Division of Hematology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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14
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Martin OY, Darbari DS, Margulies S, Nickel RS, Leonard A, Speller-Brown B, Martin B, Barber JR, Webb J, Majumdar S, Sharron MP, Campbell AD. Clinical outcomes of children and adolescents with sickle cell disease and COVID-19 infection: A year in review at a metropolitan tertiary pediatric hospital. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:987194. [PMID: 36873869 PMCID: PMC9982154 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.987194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic in March 2020. Early reports were primarily in adults, and sickle cell disease (SCD) was classified as a risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease. However, there are a limited number of primarily multi-center studies reporting on the clinical course of pediatric patients with SCD and COVID-19. Methods We conducted an observational study of all patients with SCD diagnosed with COVID-19 at our institution between March 31, 2020, and February 12, 2021. Demographic and clinical characteristics of this group were collected by retrospective chart review. Results A total of 55 patients were studied, including 38 children and 17 adolescents. Demographics, acute COVID-19 clinical presentation, respiratory support, laboratory findings, healthcare utilization, and SCD modifying therapies were comparable between the children and adolescents. Seventy-three percent (N = 40) of all patients required emergency department care or hospitalization. While 47% (N = 26) were hospitalized, only 5% (N = 3) of all patients required intensive care unit admission. Patients frequently had concurrent vaso-occlusive pain crisis (VOC) (N = 17, 43%) and acute chest syndrome (ACS) (N = 14, 35%). Those with ACS or an oxygen requirement had significantly higher white blood cell count, lower nadir hemoglobin, and higher D-dimers, supporting a pro-inflammatory and coagulopathic picture. Non-hospitalized patients were more likely to be on hydroxyurea than hospitalized patients (79 vs. 50%, p = 0.023). Conclusion Children and adolescent patients with SCD and acute COVID-19 often present with ACS and VOC pain requiring hospital-level care. Hydroxyurea treatment appears to be protective. We observed no mortality despite variable morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufunke Y Martin
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Division of Hematology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Deepika S Darbari
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Division of Hematology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States.,George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Stefanie Margulies
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Division of Hematology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Robert S Nickel
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Division of Hematology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States.,George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alexis Leonard
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Division of Hematology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States.,George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Barbara Speller-Brown
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Division of Hematology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States.,George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Brenda Martin
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Division of Hematology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - John R Barber
- Department of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jennifer Webb
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Division of Hematology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States.,George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Suvankar Majumdar
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Division of Hematology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States.,George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Matthew P Sharron
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Andrew D Campbell
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Division of Hematology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States.,George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
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15
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Flanagan DJ, Amirkhah R, Vincent DF, Gunduz N, Gentaz P, Cammareri P, McCooey AJ, McCorry AMB, Fisher NC, Davis HL, Ridgway RA, Lohuis J, Leach JDG, Jackstadt R, Gilroy K, Mariella E, Nixon C, Clark W, Hedley A, Markert EK, Strathdee D, Bartholin L, Redmond KL, Kerr EM, Longley DB, Ginty F, Cho S, Coleman HG, Loughrey MB, Bardelli A, Maughan TS, Campbell AD, Lawler M, Leedham SJ, Barry ST, Inman GJ, van Rheenen J, Dunne PD, Sansom OJ. Epithelial TGFβ engages growth-factor signalling to circumvent apoptosis and drive intestinal tumourigenesis with aggressive features. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7551. [PMID: 36477656 PMCID: PMC9729215 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pro-tumourigenic role of epithelial TGFβ signalling in colorectal cancer (CRC) is controversial. Here, we identify a cohort of born to be bad early-stage (T1) colorectal tumours, with aggressive features and a propensity to disseminate early, that are characterised by high epithelial cell-intrinsic TGFβ signalling. In the presence of concurrent Apc and Kras mutations, activation of epithelial TGFβ signalling rampantly accelerates tumourigenesis and share transcriptional signatures with those of the born to be bad T1 human tumours and predicts recurrence in stage II CRC. Mechanistically, epithelial TGFβ signalling induces a growth-promoting EGFR-signalling module that synergises with mutant APC and KRAS to drive MAPK signalling that re-sensitise tumour cells to MEK and/or EGFR inhibitors. Together, we identify epithelial TGFβ signalling both as a determinant of early dissemination and a potential therapeutic vulnerability of CRC's with born to be bad traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin J Flanagan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Raheleh Amirkhah
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Nuray Gunduz
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Aoife J McCooey
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Amy M B McCorry
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Natalie C Fisher
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Hayley L Davis
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jeroen Lohuis
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua D G Leach
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rene Jackstadt
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH) and Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Elisa Mariella
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, UK
| | - Elke K Markert
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Keara L Redmond
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Emma M Kerr
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Daniel B Longley
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Fiona Ginty
- GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | - Sanghee Cho
- GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY, USA
| | - Helen G Coleman
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Maurice B Loughrey
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Timothy S Maughan
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Mark Lawler
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Simon J Leedham
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gareth J Inman
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip D Dunne
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- The Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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16
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Corry SM, McCorry AM, Lannagan TR, Leonard NA, Fisher NC, Byrne RM, Tsantoulis P, Cortes-Lavaud X, Amirkhah R, Redmond KL, McCooey AJ, Malla SB, Rogan E, Sakhnevych S, Gillespie MA, White M, Richman SD, Jackstadt RF, Campbell AD, Maguire S, McDade SS, Longley DB, Loughrey MB, Coleman HG, Kerr EM, Tejpar S, Maughan T, Leedham SJ, Small DM, Ryan AE, Sansom OJ, Lawler M, Dunne PD. Activation of innate-adaptive immune machinery by poly(I:C) exposes a therapeutic vulnerability to prevent relapse in stroma-rich colon cancer. Gut 2022; 71:2502-2517. [PMID: 35477539 PMCID: PMC9664095 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stroma-rich tumours represent a poor prognostic subtype in stage II/III colon cancer (CC), with high relapse rates and limited response to standard adjuvant chemotherapy. DESIGN To address the lack of efficacious therapeutic options for patients with stroma-rich CC, we stratified our human tumour cohorts according to stromal content, enabling identification of the biology underpinning relapse and potential therapeutic vulnerabilities specifically within stroma-rich tumours that could be exploited clinically. Following human tumour-based discovery and independent clinical validation, we use a series of in vitro and stroma-rich in vivo models to test and validate the therapeutic potential of elevating the biology associated with reduced relapse in human tumours. RESULTS By performing our analyses specifically within the stroma-rich/high-fibroblast (HiFi) subtype of CC, we identify and validate the clinical value of a HiFi-specific prognostic signature (HPS), which stratifies tumours based on STAT1-related signalling (High-HPS v Low-HPS=HR 0.093, CI 0.019 to 0.466). Using in silico, in vitro and in vivo models, we demonstrate that the HPS is associated with antigen processing and presentation within discrete immune lineages in stroma-rich CC, downstream of double-stranded RNA and viral response signalling. Treatment with the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) elevated the HPS signalling and antigen processing phenotype across in vitro and in vivo models. In an in vivo model of stroma-rich CC, poly(I:C) treatment significantly increased systemic cytotoxic T cell activity (p<0.05) and reduced liver metastases (p<0.0002). CONCLUSION This study reveals new biological insight that offers a novel therapeutic option to reduce relapse rates in patients with the worst prognosis CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shania M Corry
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Amy Mb McCorry
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Niamh A Leonard
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Natalie C Fisher
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ryan M Byrne
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | - Raheleh Amirkhah
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Keara L Redmond
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Aoife J McCooey
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Sudhir B Malla
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Emily Rogan
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Svetlana Sakhnevych
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Michael A Gillespie
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark White
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Susan D Richman
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Rene-Filip Jackstadt
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH) and Cancer Progression and Metastasis Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew D Campbell
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sarah Maguire
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Simon S McDade
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Daniel B Longley
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Maurice B Loughrey
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Cellular Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
- Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Helen G Coleman
- Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Emma M Kerr
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Sabine Tejpar
- Digestive Oncology Unit, University Ospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Simon J Leedham
- Wellcome Trust Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Donna M Small
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Aideen E Ryan
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark Lawler
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Philip D Dunne
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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17
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Gil Vazquez E, Nasreddin N, Valbuena GN, Mulholland EJ, Belnoue-Davis HL, Eggington HR, Schenck RO, Wouters VM, Wirapati P, Gilroy K, Lannagan TR, Flanagan DJ, Najumudeen AK, Omwenga S, McCorry AM, Easton A, Koelzer VH, East JE, Morton D, Trusolino L, Maughan T, Campbell AD, Loughrey MB, Dunne PD, Tsantoulis P, Huels DJ, Tejpar S, Sansom OJ, Leedham SJ. Dynamic and adaptive cancer stem cell population admixture in colorectal neoplasia. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1612. [PMID: 36332574 PMCID: PMC9807457 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Gil Vazquez E, Nasreddin N, Valbuena GN, Mulholland EJ, Belnoue-Davis HL, Eggington HR, Schenck RO, Wouters VM, Wirapati P, Gilroy K, Lannagan TR, Flanagan DJ, Najumudeen AK, Omwenga S, McCorry AM, Easton A, Koelzer VH, East JE, Morton D, Trusolino L, Maughan T, Campbell AD, Loughrey MB, Dunne PD, Tsantoulis P, Huels DJ, Tejpar S, Sansom OJ, Leedham SJ. Dynamic and adaptive cancer stem cell population admixture in colorectal neoplasia. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1213-1228.e8. [PMID: 35931031 PMCID: PMC9592560 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal homeostasis is underpinned by LGR5+ve crypt-base columnar stem cells (CBCs), but following injury, dedifferentiation results in the emergence of LGR5-ve regenerative stem cell populations (RSCs), characterized by fetal transcriptional profiles. Neoplasia hijacks regenerative signaling, so we assessed the distribution of CBCs and RSCs in mouse and human intestinal tumors. Using combined molecular-morphological analysis, we demonstrate variable expression of stem cell markers across a range of lesions. The degree of CBC-RSC admixture was associated with both epithelial mutation and microenvironmental signaling disruption and could be mapped across disease molecular subtypes. The CBC-RSC equilibrium was adaptive, with a dynamic response to acute selective pressure, and adaptability was associated with chemoresistance. We propose a fitness landscape model where individual tumors have equilibrated stem cell population distributions along a CBC-RSC phenotypic axis. Cellular plasticity is represented by position shift along this axis and is influenced by cell-intrinsic, extrinsic, and therapeutic selective pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Gil Vazquez
- Wellcome Centre Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nadia Nasreddin
- Wellcome Centre Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gabriel N. Valbuena
- Wellcome Centre Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eoghan J. Mulholland
- Wellcome Centre Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Holly R. Eggington
- Wellcome Centre Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ryan O. Schenck
- Wellcome Centre Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Valérie M. Wouters
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pratyaksha Wirapati
- Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Sulochana Omwenga
- Wellcome Centre Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amy M.B. McCorry
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Alistair Easton
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Viktor H. Koelzer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University and University Hospital Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - James E. East
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Dion Morton
- Academic Department of Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Livio Trusolino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Timothy Maughan
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Maurice B. Loughrey
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Philip D. Dunne
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Petros Tsantoulis
- University of Geneva and Department of Oncology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David J. Huels
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Tejpar
- Molecular Digestive Oncology Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Simon J. Leedham
- Wellcome Centre Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK,Corresponding author
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19
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Adlington NK, Siedlecki PS, Derrick I, Yates SD, Campbell AD, Tomlin P, Langer T. Development and Scale-Up of a Copper-Catalyzed Sulfamidation Coupling Reaction. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil K. Adlington
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Paul S. Siedlecki
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Ian Derrick
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Simon D. Yates
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Andrew D. Campbell
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Paula Tomlin
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Thomas Langer
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
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20
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Cook DR, Kang M, Martin TD, Galanko JA, Loeza GH, Trembath DG, Justilien V, Pickering KA, Vincent DF, Jarosch A, Jurmeister P, Waters AM, Hibshman PS, Campbell AD, Ford CA, Keku TO, Yeh JJ, Lee MS, Cox AD, Fields AP, Sandler RS, Sansom OJ, Sers C, Schaefer A, Der CJ. Aberrant Expression and Subcellular Localization of ECT2 Drives Colorectal Cancer Progression and Growth. Cancer Res 2022; 82:90-104. [PMID: 34737214 PMCID: PMC9056178 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-4218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ECT2 is an activator of RHO GTPases that is essential for cytokinesis. In addition, ECT2 was identified as an oncoprotein when expressed ectopically in NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. However, oncogenic activation of ECT2 resulted from N-terminal truncation, and such truncated ECT2 proteins have not been found in patients with cancer. In this study, we observed elevated expression of full-length ECT2 protein in preneoplastic colon adenomas, driven by increased ECT2 mRNA abundance and associated with APC tumor-suppressor loss. Elevated ECT2 levels were detected in the cytoplasm and nucleus of colorectal cancer tissue, suggesting cytoplasmic mislocalization as one mechanism of early oncogenic ECT2 activation. Importantly, elevated nuclear ECT2 correlated with poorly differentiated tumors, and a low cytoplasmic:nuclear ratio of ECT2 protein correlated with poor patient survival, suggesting that nuclear and cytoplasmic ECT2 play distinct roles in colorectal cancer. Depletion of ECT2 reduced anchorage-independent cancer cell growth and invasion independent of its function in cytokinesis, and loss of Ect2 extended survival in a Kras G12D Apc-null colon cancer mouse model. Expression of ECT2 variants with impaired nuclear localization or guanine nucleotide exchange catalytic activity failed to restore cancer cell growth or invasion, indicating that active, nuclear ECT2 is required to support tumor progression. Nuclear ECT2 promoted ribosomal DNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis in colorectal cancer. These results support a driver role for both cytoplasmic and nuclear ECT2 overexpression in colorectal cancer and emphasize the critical role of precise subcellular localization in dictating ECT2 function in neoplastic cells. SIGNIFICANCE: ECT2 overexpression and mislocalization support its role as a driver in colon cancer that is independent from its function in normal cell cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Cook
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Melissa Kang
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Timothy D Martin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Joseph A Galanko
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gabriela H Loeza
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Dimitri G Trembath
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Verline Justilien
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - David F Vincent
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Armin Jarosch
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Jurmeister
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew M Waters
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Priya S Hibshman
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Catriona A Ford
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Temitope O Keku
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jen Jen Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael S Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Adrienne D Cox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alan P Fields
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Robert S Sandler
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Sers
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Schaefer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Channing J Der
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology and Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Strunk C, Tartaglione I, Piccone CM, Colombatti R, Andemariam B, Manwani D, Smith A, Haile H, Kim E, Wilson S, Asare EV, Rivers A, Farooq F, Urbonya R, Boruchov D, Boatemaa GD, Perrotta S, Ekem I, Sainati L, Rao S, Zempsky W, Sey F, Antwi-Boasiako C, Segbefia C, Inusa B, Campbell AD. Global geographic differences in healthcare utilization for sickle cell disease pain crises in the CASiRe cohort. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2021; 92:102612. [PMID: 34564050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2021.102612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by frequent, unpredictable pain episodes and other vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) leading to significant healthcare utilization. VOC frequency is often an endpoint in clinical trials investigating novel therapies for this devastating disease. PROCEDURE The Consortium for the Advancement of Sickle Cell Research (CASiRe) is an international collaboration investigating clinical severity in SCD using a validated questionnaire and medical chart review standardized across four countries (United States, United Kingdom, Italy and Ghana). RESULTS This study, focused on pain crisis incidence and healthcare utilization, included 868 patients, equally represented according to age and gender. HgbSS was the most common genotype. Patients from Ghana used the Emergency Room/Day Hospital for pain more frequently (annualized mean 2.01) than patients from other regions (annualized mean 1.56 U.S.; 1.09 U.K.; 0.02 Italy), while U.K. patients were hospitalized for pain more often (annualized mean: U.K. 2.98) than patients in other regions (annualized mean 1.98 U.S.; 1.18 Ghana; Italy 0.54). Italy's hospitalization rate for pain (annualized mean: 0.57) was nearly 20 times greater than its emergency room/day hospital only visits for pain (annualized mean: 0.03). When categorized by genotype and age, similar results were seen. CONCLUSIONS Geographic differences in pain crisis frequency and healthcare utilization may correlate with variable organization of healthcare systems among countries and should be considered regarding trial design, endpoints, and analysis of results when investigating novel agents for clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crawford Strunk
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, ProMedica Russell J. Ebeid Children's Hospital, Toledo, OH, USA.
| | - Immacolata Tartaglione
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Connie M Piccone
- Pediatric Hematology, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Raffaella Colombatti
- Clinic of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Women's and Child Health, Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Biree Andemariam
- New England Sickle Cell Institute, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCONN Health, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Deepa Manwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ashya Smith
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Haikel Haile
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Esther Kim
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Samuel Wilson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eugenia Vicky Asare
- Ghana Institute of Clinical Genetics, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Angela Rivers
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Fatimah Farooq
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rebekah Urbonya
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Donna Boruchov
- Department of Child Health, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gifty Dankwah Boatemaa
- Department of Physiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Silverio Perrotta
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Ivy Ekem
- Ghana Institute of Clinical Genetics, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Laura Sainati
- Clinic of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Women's and Child Health, Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sudha Rao
- Department of Child Health, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - William Zempsky
- Division of Pain and Palliative Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Fredericka Sey
- Ghana Institute of Clinical Genetics, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Charles Antwi-Boasiako
- Department of Physiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Ghana Institute of Clinical Genetics, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Catherine Segbefia
- Department of Child Health, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Department of Child Health, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Baba Inusa
- Department of Pediatric Haematology, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew D Campbell
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Divison of Hematology, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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22
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Deligiannidis KM, Meltzer-Brody S, Gunduz-Bruce H, Doherty J, Jonas J, Li S, Sankoh AJ, Silber C, Campbell AD, Werneburg B, Kanes SJ, Lasser R. Effect of Zuranolone vs Placebo in Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry 2021; 78:951-959. [PMID: 34190962 PMCID: PMC8246337 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Importance Postpartum depression (PPD) is one of the most common medical complications during and after pregnancy, negatively affecting both mother and child. Objective To demonstrate the efficacy and safety of zuranolone, a neuroactive steroid γ-aminobutyric acid receptor-positive allosteric modulator, in PPD. Design, Setting, and Participants This phase 3, double-blind, randomized, outpatient, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted between January 2017 and December 2018 in 27 enrolling US sites. Participant were women aged 18 to 45 years, 6 months or fewer post partum, with PPD (major depressive episode beginning third trimester or ≤4 weeks postdelivery), and baseline 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17) score of 26 or higher. Analysis was intention to treat and began December 2018 and ended March 2019. Interventions Randomization 1:1 to placebo:zuranolone, 30 mg, administered orally each evening for 2 weeks. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary end point was change from baseline in HAMD-17 score for zuranolone vs placebo at day 15. Secondary end points included changes from baseline in HAMD-17 total score at other time points, HAMD-17 response (≥50% score reduction) and remission (score ≤7) rates, Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale score, and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety score. Safety was assessed by adverse events and clinical assessments. Results Of 153 randomized patients, the efficacy set comprised 150 patients (mean [SD] age, 28.3 [5.4] years), and 148 (98.7%) completed treatment. A total of 76 patients were randomized to placebo, and 77 were randomized to zuranolone, 30 mg. Zuranolone demonstrated significant day 15 HAMD-17 score improvements from baseline vs placebo (-17.8 vs -13.6; difference, -4.2; 95% CI, -6.9 to -1.5; P = .003). Sustained differences in HAMD-17 scores favoring zuranolone were observed from day 3 (difference, -2.7; 95% CI, -5.1 to -0.3; P = .03) through day 45 (difference, -4.1; 95% CI, -6.7 to -1.4; P = .003). Sustained differences at day 15 favoring zuranolone were observed in HAMD-17 response (odds ratio, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.34-5.16; P = .005), HAMD-17 score remission (odds ratio, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.24-5.17; P = .01), change from baseline for Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale score (difference, -4.6; 95% CI, -8.3 to -0.8; P = .02), and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety score (difference, -3.9; 95% CI, -6.7 to -1.1; P = .006). One patient per group experienced a serious adverse event (confusional state in the zuranolone group and pancreatitis in the placebo group). One patient in the zuranolone group discontinued because of an adverse event vs none for placebo. Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial, zuranolone improved the core symptoms of depression as measured by HAMD-17 scores in women with PPD and was generally well tolerated, supporting further development of zuranolone in the treatment of PPD. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02978326.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M. Deligiannidis
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | | | | | | | | | - Sigui Li
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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23
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Nikitidis G, Carlsson ACC, Karlsson S, Campbell AD, Cook C, Dai K, Emtenäs H, Jonson AC, Leek H, Malmgren M, Moravčík Š, Pithani S, Tatton MR, Zhao H, Öhlén K. Synthetic and Chromatographic Challenges and Strategies for Multigram Manufacture of KRASG12C Inhibitors. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Nikitidis
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anna-Carin C. Carlsson
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Staffan Karlsson
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Andrew D. Campbell
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca Macclesfield, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Calum Cook
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Macclesfield, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Kuangchu Dai
- Changzhou SynTheAll Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No 589, North Yulong Road, Chunjiang town, Xinbei District, Changzhou 213127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hans Emtenäs
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anna C. Jonson
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Hanna Leek
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Marcus Malmgren
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Štefan Moravčík
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Subhash Pithani
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Matthew R. Tatton
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Macclesfield, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Hucheng Zhao
- Changzhou SynTheAll Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No 589, North Yulong Road, Chunjiang town, Xinbei District, Changzhou 213127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kristina Öhlén
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
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24
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Sharbeen G, McCarroll JA, Akerman A, Kopecky C, Youkhana J, Kokkinos J, Holst J, Boyer C, Erkan M, Goldstein D, Timpson P, Cox TR, Pereira BA, Chitty JL, Fey SK, Najumudeen AK, Campbell AD, Sansom OJ, Ignacio RMC, Naim S, Liu J, Russia N, Lee J, Chou A, Johns A, Gill AJ, Gonzales-Aloy E, Gebski V, Guan YF, Pajic M, Turner N, Apte MV, Davis TP, Morton JP, Haghighi KS, Kasparian J, McLean BJ, Setargew YF, Phillips PA. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Determine Response to SLC7A11 Inhibition. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3461-3479. [PMID: 33980655 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are major contributors to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression through protumor signaling and the generation of fibrosis, the latter of which creates a physical barrier to drugs. CAF inhibition is thus an ideal component of any therapeutic approach for PDAC. SLC7A11 is a cystine transporter that has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in PDAC cells. However, no prior study has evaluated the role of SLC7A11 in PDAC tumor stroma and its prognostic significance. Here we show that high expression of SLC7A11 in human PDAC tumor stroma, but not tumor cells, is independently prognostic of poorer overall survival. Orthogonal approaches showed that PDAC-derived CAFs are highly dependent on SLC7A11 for cystine uptake and glutathione synthesis and that SLC7A11 inhibition significantly decreases CAF proliferation, reduces their resistance to oxidative stress, and inhibits their ability to remodel collagen and support PDAC cell growth. Importantly, specific ablation of SLC7A11 from the tumor compartment of transgenic mouse PDAC tumors did not affect tumor growth, suggesting the stroma can substantially influence PDAC tumor response to SLC7A11 inhibition. In a mouse orthotopic PDAC model utilizing human PDAC cells and CAFs, stable knockdown of SLC7A11 was required in both cell types to reduce tumor growth, metastatic spread, and intratumoral fibrosis, demonstrating the importance of targeting SLC7A11 in both compartments. Finally, treatment with a nanoparticle gene-silencing drug against SLC7A11, developed by our laboratory, reduced PDAC tumor growth, incidence of metastases, CAF activation, and fibrosis in orthotopic PDAC tumors. Overall, these findings identify an important role of SLC7A11 in PDAC-derived CAFs in supporting tumor growth. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates that SLC7A11 in PDAC stromal cells is important for the tumor-promoting activity of CAFs and validates a clinically translatable nanomedicine for therapeutic SLC7A11 inhibition in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Sharbeen
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joshua A McCarroll
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anouschka Akerman
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chantal Kopecky
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janet Youkhana
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Kokkinos
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeff Holst
- School of Medical Science and Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mert Erkan
- Koc University Research Centre for Translational Medicine and Department of Surgery, Koc University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - David Goldstein
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative (APGI), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas R Cox
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative (APGI), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brooke A Pereira
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative (APGI), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica L Chitty
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sigrid K Fey
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa Mistica C Ignacio
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephanie Naim
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jie Liu
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nelson Russia
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julia Lee
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angela Chou
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amber Johns
- Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative (APGI), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative (APGI), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Estrella Gonzales-Aloy
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Val Gebski
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yi Fang Guan
- School of Medical Science and Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marina Pajic
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative (APGI), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Minoti V Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University New South Wales and Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Koroush S Haghighi
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jorjina Kasparian
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Benjamin J McLean
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Phoebe A Phillips
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School and School of Medical Sciences, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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25
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Leach JDG, Vlahov N, Tsantoulis P, Ridgway RA, Flanagan DJ, Gilroy K, Sphyris N, Vázquez EG, Vincent DF, Faller WJ, Hodder MC, Raven A, Fey S, Najumudeen AK, Strathdee D, Nixon C, Hughes M, Clark W, Shaw R, van Hooff SR, Huels DJ, Medema JP, Barry ST, Frame MC, Unciti-Broceta A, Leedham SJ, Inman GJ, Jackstadt R, Thompson BJ, Campbell AD, Tejpar S, Sansom OJ. Oncogenic BRAF, unrestrained by TGFβ-receptor signalling, drives right-sided colonic tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2021. [PMID: 34103493 DOI: 10.1038/s41467‐021‐23717‐5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Right-sided (proximal) colorectal cancer (CRC) has a poor prognosis and a distinct mutational profile, characterized by oncogenic BRAF mutations and aberrations in mismatch repair and TGFβ signalling. Here, we describe a mouse model of right-sided colon cancer driven by oncogenic BRAF and loss of epithelial TGFβ-receptor signalling. The proximal colonic tumours that develop in this model exhibit a foetal-like progenitor phenotype (Ly6a/Sca1+) and, importantly, lack expression of Lgr5 and its associated intestinal stem cell signature. These features are recapitulated in human BRAF-mutant, right-sided CRCs and represent fundamental differences between left- and right-sided disease. Microbial-driven inflammation supports the initiation and progression of these tumours with foetal-like characteristics, consistent with their predilection for the microbe-rich right colon and their antibiotic sensitivity. While MAPK-pathway activating mutations drive this foetal-like signature via ERK-dependent activation of the transcriptional coactivator YAP, the same foetal-like transcriptional programs are also initiated by inflammation in a MAPK-independent manner. Importantly, in both contexts, epithelial TGFβ-receptor signalling is instrumental in suppressing the tumorigenic potential of these foetal-like progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D G Leach
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Petros Tsantoulis
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Ester G Vázquez
- Gastrointestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - William J Faller
- Division of Oncogenomics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael C Hodder
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Sigrid Fey
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark Hughes
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Robin Shaw
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Sander R van Hooff
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David J Huels
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Early Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Margaret C Frame
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon J Leedham
- Gastrointestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gareth J Inman
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Barry J Thompson
- EMBL Australia, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Sabine Tejpar
- Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK. .,Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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26
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Leach JDG, Vlahov N, Tsantoulis P, Ridgway RA, Flanagan DJ, Gilroy K, Sphyris N, Vázquez EG, Vincent DF, Faller WJ, Hodder MC, Raven A, Fey S, Najumudeen AK, Strathdee D, Nixon C, Hughes M, Clark W, Shaw R, van Hooff SR, Huels DJ, Medema JP, Barry ST, Frame MC, Unciti-Broceta A, Leedham SJ, Inman GJ, Jackstadt R, Thompson BJ, Campbell AD, Tejpar S, Sansom OJ. Oncogenic BRAF, unrestrained by TGFβ-receptor signalling, drives right-sided colonic tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3464. [PMID: 34103493 PMCID: PMC8187652 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Right-sided (proximal) colorectal cancer (CRC) has a poor prognosis and a distinct mutational profile, characterized by oncogenic BRAF mutations and aberrations in mismatch repair and TGFβ signalling. Here, we describe a mouse model of right-sided colon cancer driven by oncogenic BRAF and loss of epithelial TGFβ-receptor signalling. The proximal colonic tumours that develop in this model exhibit a foetal-like progenitor phenotype (Ly6a/Sca1+) and, importantly, lack expression of Lgr5 and its associated intestinal stem cell signature. These features are recapitulated in human BRAF-mutant, right-sided CRCs and represent fundamental differences between left- and right-sided disease. Microbial-driven inflammation supports the initiation and progression of these tumours with foetal-like characteristics, consistent with their predilection for the microbe-rich right colon and their antibiotic sensitivity. While MAPK-pathway activating mutations drive this foetal-like signature via ERK-dependent activation of the transcriptional coactivator YAP, the same foetal-like transcriptional programs are also initiated by inflammation in a MAPK-independent manner. Importantly, in both contexts, epithelial TGFβ-receptor signalling is instrumental in suppressing the tumorigenic potential of these foetal-like progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D G Leach
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Petros Tsantoulis
- Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Ester G Vázquez
- Gastrointestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - William J Faller
- Division of Oncogenomics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael C Hodder
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Sigrid Fey
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark Hughes
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Robin Shaw
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sander R van Hooff
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David J Huels
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Early Oncology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Margaret C Frame
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon J Leedham
- Gastrointestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gareth J Inman
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Barry J Thompson
- EMBL Australia, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Sabine Tejpar
- Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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27
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Nászai M, Bellec K, Yu Y, Román-Fernández A, Sandilands E, Johansson J, Campbell AD, Norman JC, Sansom OJ, Bryant DM, Cordero JB. RAL GTPases mediate EGFR-driven intestinal stem cell proliferation and tumourigenesis. eLife 2021; 10:e63807. [PMID: 34096503 PMCID: PMC8216719 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RAS-like (RAL) GTPases function in Wnt signalling-dependent intestinal stem cell proliferation and regeneration. Whether RAL proteins work as canonical RAS effectors in the intestine and the mechanisms of how they contribute to tumourigenesis remain unclear. Here, we show that RAL GTPases are necessary and sufficient to activate EGFR/MAPK signalling in the intestine, via induction of EGFR internalisation. Knocking down Drosophila RalA from intestinal stem and progenitor cells leads to increased levels of plasma membrane-associated EGFR and decreased MAPK pathway activation. Importantly, in addition to influencing stem cell proliferation during damage-induced intestinal regeneration, this role of RAL GTPases impacts on EGFR-dependent tumourigenic growth in the intestine and in human mammary epithelium. However, the effect of oncogenic RAS in the intestine is independent from RAL function. Altogether, our results reveal previously unrecognised cellular and molecular contexts where RAL GTPases become essential mediators of adult tissue homeostasis and malignant transformation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Breast Neoplasms/enzymology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Drosophila Proteins/genetics
- Drosophila Proteins/metabolism
- Drosophila melanogaster/enzymology
- Drosophila melanogaster/genetics
- Endocytosis
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Hyperplasia
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/enzymology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mammary Glands, Human/enzymology
- Mammary Glands, Human/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Invertebrate Peptide/genetics
- Receptors, Invertebrate Peptide/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Stem Cells/pathology
- ral GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- ral GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Nászai
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research CentreGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Karen Bellec
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research CentreGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Yachuan Yu
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research CentreGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Alvaro Román-Fernández
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Emma Sandilands
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Joel Johansson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Jim C Norman
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - David M Bryant
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Julia B Cordero
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research CentreGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
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28
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Knight JRP, Alexandrou C, Skalka GL, Vlahov N, Pennel K, Officer L, Teodosio A, Kanellos G, Gay DM, May-Wilson S, Smith EM, Najumudeen AK, Gilroy K, Ridgway RA, Flanagan DJ, Smith RCL, McDonald L, MacKay C, Cheasty A, McArthur K, Stanway E, Leach JD, Jackstadt R, Waldron JA, Campbell AD, Vlachogiannis G, Valeri N, Haigis KM, Sonenberg N, Proud CG, Jones NP, Swarbrick ME, McKinnon HJ, Faller WJ, Le Quesne J, Edwards J, Willis AE, Bushell M, Sansom OJ. MNK Inhibition Sensitizes KRAS-Mutant Colorectal Cancer to mTORC1 Inhibition by Reducing eIF4E Phosphorylation and c-MYC Expression. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:1228-1247. [PMID: 33328217 PMCID: PMC7611341 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
KRAS-mutant colorectal cancers are resistant to therapeutics, presenting a significant problem for ∼40% of cases. Rapalogs, which inhibit mTORC1 and thus protein synthesis, are significantly less potent in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer. Using Kras-mutant mouse models and mouse- and patient-derived organoids, we demonstrate that KRAS with G12D mutation fundamentally rewires translation to increase both bulk and mRNA-specific translation initiation. This occurs via the MNK/eIF4E pathway culminating in sustained expression of c-MYC. By genetic and small-molecule targeting of this pathway, we acutely sensitize KRASG12D models to rapamycin via suppression of c-MYC. We show that 45% of colorectal cancers have high signaling through mTORC1 and the MNKs, with this signature correlating with a 3.5-year shorter cancer-specific survival in a subset of patients. This work provides a c-MYC-dependent cotargeting strategy with remarkable potency in multiple Kras-mutant mouse models and metastatic human organoids and identifies a patient population that may benefit from its clinical application. SIGNIFICANCE: KRAS mutation and elevated c-MYC are widespread in many tumors but remain predominantly untargetable. We find that mutant KRAS modulates translation, culminating in increased expression of c-MYC. We describe an effective strategy targeting mTORC1 and MNK in KRAS-mutant mouse and human models, pathways that are also commonly co-upregulated in colorectal cancer.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 995.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - George L Skalka
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kathryn Pennel
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Leah Officer
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Teodosio
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - David M Gay
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rachael C L Smith
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Laura McDonald
- Drug Discovery Unit, CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Craig MacKay
- Drug Discovery Unit, CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Cheasty
- CRUK Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kerri McArthur
- CRUK Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Stanway
- CRUK Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua D Leach
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Georgios Vlachogiannis
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Valeri
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M Haigis
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Neil P Jones
- CRUK Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin E Swarbrick
- CRUK Therapeutic Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - John Le Quesne
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Glenfield Hospital, Leicester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anne E Willis
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Bushell
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J Sansom
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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29
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van der Weyden L, Harle V, Turner G, Offord V, Iyer V, Droop A, Swiatkowska A, Rabbie R, Campbell AD, Sansom OJ, Pardo M, Choudhary JS, Ferreira I, Tullett M, Arends MJ, Speak AO, Adams DJ. CRISPR activation screen in mice identifies novel membrane proteins enhancing pulmonary metastatic colonisation. Commun Biol 2021; 4:395. [PMID: 33758365 PMCID: PMC7987976 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01912-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma represents ~5% of all cutaneous malignancies, yet accounts for the majority of skin cancer deaths due to its propensity to metastasise. To develop new therapies, novel target molecules must to be identified and the accessibility of cell surface proteins makes them attractive targets. Using CRISPR activation technology, we screened a library of guide RNAs targeting membrane protein-encoding genes to identify cell surface molecules whose upregulation enhances the metastatic pulmonary colonisation capabilities of tumour cells in vivo. We show that upregulated expression of the cell surface protein LRRN4CL led to increased pulmonary metastases in mice. Critically, LRRN4CL expression was elevated in melanoma patient samples, with high expression levels correlating with decreased survival. Collectively, our findings uncover an unappreciated role for LRRN4CL in the outcome of melanoma patients and identifies a potential therapeutic target and biomarker.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Male
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/secondary
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Harle
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gemma Turner
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Victoria Offord
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vivek Iyer
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alastair Droop
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Roy Rabbie
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Ingrid Ferreira
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Tullett
- Western Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Chichester, West Sussex, UK
| | - Mark J Arends
- University of Edinburgh Division of Pathology, Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Cancer Centre, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anneliese O Speak
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
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30
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Murta T, Steven RT, Nikula CJ, Thomas SA, Zeiger LB, Dexter A, Elia EA, Yan B, Campbell AD, Goodwin RJA, Takáts Z, Sansom OJ, Bunch J. Implications of Peak Selection in the Interpretation of Unsupervised Mass Spectrometry Imaging Data Analyses. Anal Chem 2021; 93:2309-2316. [PMID: 33395266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging can produce large amounts of complex spectral and spatial data. Such data sets are often analyzed with unsupervised machine learning approaches, which aim at reducing their complexity and facilitating their interpretation. However, choices made during data processing can impact the overall interpretation of these analyses. This work investigates the impact of the choices made at the peak selection step, which often occurs early in the data processing pipeline. The discussion is done in terms of visualization and interpretation of the results of two commonly used unsupervised approaches: t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding and k-means clustering, which differ in nature and complexity. Criteria considered for peak selection include those based on hypotheses (exemplified herein in the analysis of metabolic alterations in genetically engineered mouse models of human colorectal cancer), particular molecular classes, and ion intensity. The results suggest that the choices made at the peak selection step have a significant impact in the visual interpretation of the results of either dimensionality reduction or clustering techniques and consequently in any downstream analysis that relies on these. Of particular significance, the results of this work show that while using the most abundant ions can result in interesting structure-related segmentation patterns that correlate well with histological features, using a smaller number of ions specifically selected based on prior knowledge about the biochemistry of the tissues under investigation can result in an easier-to-interpret, potentially more valuable, hypothesis-confirming result. Findings presented will help researchers understand and better utilize unsupervised machine learning approaches to mine high-dimensionality data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Murta
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0WL, U.K
| | - Rory T Steven
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0WL, U.K
| | - Chelsea J Nikula
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0WL, U.K
| | - Spencer A Thomas
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0WL, U.K
| | - Lucas B Zeiger
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, U.K
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, U.K
| | - Alex Dexter
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0WL, U.K
| | - Efstathios A Elia
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0WL, U.K
| | - Bin Yan
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0WL, U.K
| | | | - Richard J A Goodwin
- Imaging and AI, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Zoltan Takáts
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, U.K
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, U.K
| | - Josephine Bunch
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0WL, U.K
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, U.K
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31
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Campbell AD, Colombatti R, Andemariam B, Strunk C, Tartaglione I, Piccone CM, Manwani D, Asare EV, Boruchov D, Farooq F, Urbonya R, Boatemaa GD, Perrotta S, Sainati L, Rivers A, Rao S, Zempsky W, Sey F, Segbefia C, Inusa B, Antwi-Boasiako C. An Analysis of Racial and Ethnic Backgrounds Within the CASiRe International Cohort of Sickle Cell Disease Patients: Implications for Disease Phenotype and Clinical Research. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021; 8:99-106. [PMID: 32418182 PMCID: PMC7669607 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Millions are affected by sickle cell disease (SCD) worldwide with the greatest burden in sub-Saharan Africa. While its origin lies historically within the malaria belt, ongoing changes in migration patterns have shifted the burden of disease resulting in a global public health concern. We created the Consortium for the Advancement of Sickle Cell Research (CASiRe) to understand the different phenotypes of SCD across 4 countries (USA, UK, Italy, and Ghana). Here, we report the multi-generational ethnic and racial background of 877 SCD patients recruited in Ghana (n = 365, 41.6%), the USA (n = 254, 29%), Italy (n = 81, 9.2%), and the UK (n = 177, 20.2%). West Africa (including Benin Gulf) (N = 556, 63.4%) was the most common geographic region of origin, followed by North America (N = 184, 21%), Caribbean (N = 51, 5.8%), Europe (N = 27, 3.1%), Central Africa (N = 24, 2.7%), and West Africa (excluding Benin Gulf) (N = 21, 2.4%). SCD patients in Europe were primarily West African (73%), European (10%), Caribbean (8%), and Central African (8%). In the USA, patients were largely African American (71%), Caribbean (13%), or West African (10%). Most subjects identified themselves as Black or African American; the European cohort had the largest group of Caucasian SCD patients (8%), including 21% of the Italian patients. This is the first report of a comprehensive analysis of ethnicity within an international, transcontinental group of SCD patients. The diverse ethnic backgrounds observed in our cohort raises the possibility that genetic and environmental heterogeneity within each SCD population subgroup can affect the clinical phenotype and research outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Campbell
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Raffaella Colombatti
- Clinic of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Women's and Child Health, Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Biree Andemariam
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, New England Sickle Cell Institute, Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCONN Health, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Crawford Strunk
- ProMedica Russell J. Ebeid Children's Hospital, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Immacolata Tartaglione
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Connie M Piccone
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Deepa Manwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Eugenia Vicky Asare
- Ghana Institute of Clinical Genetics, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Hematology, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Donna Boruchov
- Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Fatimah Farooq
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rebekah Urbonya
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Silverio Perrotta
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Sainati
- Clinic of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Women's and Child Health, Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Angela Rivers
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sudha Rao
- Department of Child Health, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - William Zempsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Fredericka Sey
- Ghana Institute of Clinical Genetics, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Baba Inusa
- Department of Pediatric Haematology, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas NHS Trust, London, UK
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32
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Pickering KA, Gilroy K, Cassidy JW, Fey SK, Najumudeen AK, Zeiger LB, Vincent DF, Gay DM, Johansson J, Fordham RP, Miller B, Clark W, Hedley A, Unal EB, Kiel C, McGhee E, Machesky LM, Nixon C, Johnsson AE, Bain M, Strathdee D, van Hoof SR, Medema JP, Anderson KI, Brachmann SM, Stucke VM, Malliri A, Drysdale M, Turner M, Serrano L, Myant K, Campbell AD, Sansom OJ. A RAC-GEF network critical for early intestinal tumourigenesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:56. [PMID: 33397922 PMCID: PMC7782582 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
RAC1 activity is critical for intestinal homeostasis, and is required for hyperproliferation driven by loss of the tumour suppressor gene Apc in the murine intestine. To avoid the impact of direct targeting upon homeostasis, we reasoned that indirect targeting of RAC1 via RAC-GEFs might be effective. Transcriptional profiling of Apc deficient intestinal tissue identified Vav3 and Tiam1 as key targets. Deletion of these indicated that while TIAM1 deficiency could suppress Apc-driven hyperproliferation, it had no impact upon tumourigenesis, while VAV3 deficiency had no effect. Intriguingly, deletion of either gene resulted in upregulation of Vav2, with subsequent targeting of all three (Vav2-/- Vav3-/- Tiam1-/-), profoundly suppressing hyperproliferation, tumourigenesis and RAC1 activity, without impacting normal homeostasis. Critically, the observed RAC-GEF dependency was negated by oncogenic KRAS mutation. Together, these data demonstrate that while targeting RAC-GEF molecules may have therapeutic impact at early stages, this benefit may be lost in late stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Pickering
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - K Gilroy
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - J W Cassidy
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK
| | - S K Fey
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - A K Najumudeen
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - L B Zeiger
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - D F Vincent
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - D M Gay
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - J Johansson
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - R P Fordham
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - B Miller
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - W Clark
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - A Hedley
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - E B Unal
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRC), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Kiel
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E McGhee
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - L M Machesky
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - C Nixon
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - A E Johnsson
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Hall, Babraham, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - M Bain
- IBAHCM and School of Veterinary Medicine, 464 Bearsden Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - D Strathdee
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - S R van Hoof
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J P Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K I Anderson
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, NW7 1AA, UK
| | - S M Brachmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Klybeckstrasse, 141, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - V M Stucke
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Klybeckstrasse, 141, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Malliri
- CRUK Manchester Institute, 553 Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - M Drysdale
- Broad Institute, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, United States
| | - M Turner
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Hall, Babraham, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - L Serrano
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Myant
- Edinburgh Research Centre, The Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK.
| | - A D Campbell
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
| | - O J Sansom
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
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Tartaglione I, Strunk C, Antwi-Boasiako C, Andemariam B, Colombatti R, Asare EV, Piccone CM, Manwani D, Boruchov D, Tavernier F, Farooq F, Akatue S, Oteng B, Urbonya R, Wilson S, Owda A, Bamfo R, Boatemaa GD, Rao S, Zempsky W, Sey F, Inusa BP, Perrotta S, Segbefia C, Campbell AD. Age of first pain crisis and associated complications in the CASiRe international sickle cell disease cohort. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2021; 88:102531. [PMID: 33401140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2020.102531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pain is a hallmark of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) affecting patients throughout their life; the first pain crisis may occur at any age and is often the first presentation of the disease. Universal newborn screening identifies children with SCD at birth, significantly improving morbidity and mortality. Without early screening, diagnosis is generally made after disease manifestations appear. The Consortium for the Advancement of Sickle Cell Research (CASiRe) is an international collaborative group evaluating the clinical severity of subjects with SCD using a validated questionnaire and medical chart review, standardized across 4 countries (United States, United Kingdom, Italy and Ghana). We investigated the age of first pain crisis in 555 sickle cell subjects, 344 adults and 211 children. Median age of the first crisis in the whole group was 4 years old, 5 years old among adults and 2 years old among children. Patients from the United States generally reported the first crisis earlier than Ghanaians. Experiencing the first pain crisis early in life correlated with the genotype and disease severity. Early recognition of the first pain crisis could be useful to guide counseling and management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Tartaglione
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Crawford Strunk
- ProMedica Russell J. Ebeid Children's Hospital, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Charles Antwi-Boasiako
- Department of Physiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Biree Andemariam
- New England Sickle Cell Institute, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCONN Health, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Raffaella Colombatti
- Clinic of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Women's and Child Health, Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Connie M Piccone
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Deepa Manwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Donna Boruchov
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Fitz Tavernier
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fatimah Farooq
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sophia Akatue
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bianca Oteng
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rebekah Urbonya
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Samuel Wilson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ahmed Owda
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rose Bamfo
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gifty Dankwah Boatemaa
- Department of Physiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sudha Rao
- Department of Child Health, University of Ghana Medical School Accra, Ghana
| | - William Zempsky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Fredericka Sey
- Ghana Institute of Clinical Genetics, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Baba Pd Inusa
- Department of Pediatric Haematology, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Silverio Perrotta
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Catherine Segbefia
- Department of Child Health, University of Ghana Medical School Accra, Ghana
| | - Andrew D Campbell
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Medical Center; George Washington University School of Medicine Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.
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34
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Najumudeen AK, Ceteci F, Fey SK, Hamm G, Steven RT, Hall H, Nikula CJ, Dexter A, Murta T, Race AM, Sumpton D, Vlahov N, Gay DM, Knight JRP, Jackstadt R, Leach JDG, Ridgway RA, Johnson ER, Nixon C, Hedley A, Gilroy K, Clark W, Malla SB, Dunne PD, Rodriguez-Blanco G, Critchlow SE, Mrowinska A, Malviya G, Solovyev D, Brown G, Lewis DY, Mackay GM, Strathdee D, Tardito S, Gottlieb E, Takats Z, Barry ST, Goodwin RJA, Bunch J, Bushell M, Campbell AD, Sansom OJ. The amino acid transporter SLC7A5 is required for efficient growth of KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer. Nat Genet 2021; 53:16-26. [PMID: 33414552 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-00753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic KRAS mutations and inactivation of the APC tumor suppressor co-occur in colorectal cancer (CRC). Despite efforts to target mutant KRAS directly, most therapeutic approaches focus on downstream pathways, albeit with limited efficacy. Moreover, mutant KRAS alters the basal metabolism of cancer cells, increasing glutamine utilization to support proliferation. We show that concomitant mutation of Apc and Kras in the mouse intestinal epithelium profoundly rewires metabolism, increasing glutamine consumption. Furthermore, SLC7A5, a glutamine antiporter, is critical for colorectal tumorigenesis in models of both early- and late-stage metastatic disease. Mechanistically, SLC7A5 maintains intracellular amino acid levels following KRAS activation through transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming. This supports the increased demand for bulk protein synthesis that underpins the enhanced proliferation of KRAS-mutant cells. Moreover, targeting protein synthesis, via inhibition of the mTORC1 regulator, together with Slc7a5 deletion abrogates the growth of established Kras-mutant tumors. Together, these data suggest SLC7A5 as an attractive target for therapy-resistant KRAS-mutant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatih Ceteci
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Georg Speyer Haus Institute for Tumour Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sigrid K Fey
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gregory Hamm
- Imaging and data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rory T Steven
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, UK
| | - Holly Hall
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Alex Dexter
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, UK
| | - Teresa Murta
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, UK
| | - Alan M Race
- Imaging and data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - David M Gay
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Københavns Universitet, BRIC, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Rene Jackstadt
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH (HI-STEM), Division of Cancer Progression and Metastasis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Sudhir B Malla
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Philip D Dunne
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gavin Brown
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard J A Goodwin
- Imaging and data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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35
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Graham MA, Askey H, Campbell AD, Chan L, Cooper KG, Cui Z, Dalgleish A, Dave D, Ensor G, Galan Espinosa MR, Hamilton P, Heffernan C, Jackson LV, Jing D, Jones MF, Liu P, Mulholland KR, Pervez M, Popadynec M, Randles E, Tomasi S, Wang S. Development and Scale-Up of an Improved Manufacturing Route to the ATR Inhibitor Ceralasertib. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Graham
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Hannah Askey
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Andrew D. Campbell
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Lai Chan
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Katie G. Cooper
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Zhaoshan Cui
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Co. Ltd., TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Andrew Dalgleish
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - David Dave
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Gareth Ensor
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Maria Rita Galan Espinosa
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Peter Hamilton
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Claire Heffernan
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Lucinda V. Jackson
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Dajiang Jing
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Co. Ltd., TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Martin F. Jones
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Co. Ltd., TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Keith R. Mulholland
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Mohammed Pervez
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Michael Popadynec
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Emma Randles
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Simone Tomasi
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Shenghua Wang
- Asymchem Laboratories (Tianjin) Co. Ltd., TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
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Tatari-Calderone Z, Gordish-Dressman H, Fasano R, Riggs M, Fortier C, Campbell AD, Charron D, Gordeuk VR, Luban NLC, Vukmanovic S, Tamouza R. Corrigendum to "Protective effect of HLA-DQB1 alleles against alloimmunization in patients with sickle cell disease" [Hum. Immunol. (2016) 35-40]. Hum Immunol 2020; 81:660. [PMID: 32972798 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Tatari-Calderone
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC, United States; Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - H Gordish-Dressman
- Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States; Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
| | - R Fasano
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - M Riggs
- Department of Biostatistics, Cato Research, Durham, NC, United States
| | - C Fortier
- Laboratoire Jean Dausset and LabEx Transplantex, INSERM UMRS 1160, Monacord and ESH, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - A D Campbell
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - D Charron
- Laboratoire Jean Dausset and LabEx Transplantex, INSERM UMRS 1160, Monacord and ESH, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - V R Gordeuk
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - N L C Luban
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - S Vukmanovic
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC, United States; Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - R Tamouza
- Laboratoire Jean Dausset and LabEx Transplantex, INSERM UMRS 1160, Monacord and ESH, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.
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Ring OT, Campbell AD, Hayter BR, Powell L. Corrigendum to “Significant rate enhancement via potassium pivalate in a Miyaura borylation approach to verinurad” [Tetrahedron Lett. 61 (2020) 151589]. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mittal A, Deligiannidis K, Huang M, Suthoff E, Acaster S, Fridman M, Li S, Gunduz-Bruce H, Lasser R, Campbell AD, Bonthapally V, Hodgkins P, Kanes SJ, Werneburg B. 0535 Evaluation of Insomnia Symptoms in a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Trial of Sage-217 in Postpartum Depression. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a specifier of major depressive disorder (MDD) with peripartum onset. SAGE-217, an investigational, oral neuroactive steroid GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator, demonstrated improvements in depressive and anxiety symptoms versus placebo in a Phase 3 trial in PPD (NCT02978326; ROBIN) and a pivotal trial in MDD (NCT03000530). In PPD and MDD, insomnia symptoms are key diagnostic features, comorbid sleep disorders are frequent, and insomnia is a common residual symptom. Here we conducted post-hoc analyses to assess insomnia symptoms in the ROBIN trial.
Methods
Women (n=151) ages 18-45, ≤6 months postpartum, with PPD (major depressive episode beginning in 3rd trimester or ≤4 weeks postpartum) and a Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) total score ≥26, were randomized 1:1 to receive outpatient SAGE-217 30mg or placebo for two weeks, with 4 weeks follow-up. Change from baseline (CFB) in HAM-D score at Day 15 was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints included CFB in HAM-D at other time points and the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Post-hoc analyses assessed HAM-D insomnia subscale (HAM-D-Ins) and MADRS individual insomnia item (MADRS-Ins) scores. HAM-D and MADRS measures were evaluated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures. Safety and tolerability were assessed by adverse event (AE) reporting.
Results
SAGE-217 demonstrated statistically significant Day 15 CFB versus placebo in HAM-D (primary endpoint: -17.8 vs. -13.6, p=0.0028), MADRS (-22.1 vs. -17.6, p=0.0180), and associated insomnia sub-scales/items (difference SAGE-217 vs. placebo; HAM-D-Ins: -1.003, p=0.0038; MADRS-Ins: -0.773, p=0.0116). Significant CFB in insomnia sub-scales/items favoring SAGE-217 were observed by Day 3 (HAM-D-Ins: -0.841, p=0.0142; MADRS-Ins: -0.710, p=0.017) and at Day 45 (HAM-D-Ins: -0.730, p=0.0207; MADRS-Ins: -0.636, p=0.0221). Most common (≥5%) AEs were somnolence, headache, dizziness, upper respiratory tract infection, diarrhea, and sedation.
Conclusion
SAGE-217 demonstrated improvements in depression symptoms, including insomnia symptoms, and was generally well tolerated.
Support
This study was sponsored by Sage Therapeutics, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mittal
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - K Deligiannidis
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY
| | - M Huang
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - E Suthoff
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | - S Acaster
- Acaster Lloyd Consulting Ltd., London, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - S Li
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | | | - R Lasser
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | | | - S J Kanes
- Sage Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA
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Antwi-Boasiako C, Dankwah GB, Aryee R, Hayfron-Benjamin C, Aboagye G, Campbell AD. Correlation of lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide metabolites, trace elements, and antioxidant enzymes in patients with sickle cell disease. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23294. [PMID: 32170816 PMCID: PMC7370710 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lipid peroxidation plays a very important role in sickle cell pathophysiology. The formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) may lead to endothelial dysfunction. Nitric oxide (NO) is a known vasodilator which plays a role in endothelial function. The current study determined the association between MDA and NO metabolites (NOx), trace elements, and antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) in patients with SCD. The ratio of MDA/NOx was also determined as an index of oxidative stress in the study groups. Methods This was a cross‐sectional study involving 90 patients with SCD and 50 “healthy” controls. Blood samples (n = 140) were collected from the study groups. The plasma, sera, and red cells were kept at −20°C for biochemical analyses. Hemoglobin (Hb) and NOx levels were determined in the plasma using Labsystem Multiskan MS and Griess reagent system, respectively. Super oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were determined in the red cells using assay kits from Cayman chemicals. Lipid peroxidation biomarker MDA was determined in the sera using the TBARS assay. Levels of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) were also determined in the sera using Variant 240FS. MDA and NOx ratio was computed for the study groups and compared. Results Levels of Hb, NOx, SOD, CAT, and Zn were significantly lower in the patients with SCD (P < .001). MDA, Fe, and MDA/ NOx ratio were, however, significantly higher in the patients with SCD (P < .001). There was no significant correlation between MDA and NOx, SOD, CAT, Fe, and Zn in the study groups. MDA, however, correlated positively and significantly with Cu in the HbSS patients with vaso‐occlusive crises (VOC). Gender did not affect the levels of oxidative stress markers. Conclusions Findings from this study suggest a link between lipid peroxidation and Cu in HbSS patients with VOC. Increased MDA/NOx ratio may contribute to sickle cell pathophysiology by promoting oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Antwi-Boasiako
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gifty Boatemaah Dankwah
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Robert Aryee
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Charles Hayfron-Benjamin
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Anaesthesia, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - George Aboagye
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Andrew D Campbell
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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Munday ES, Grove MA, Feoktistova T, Brueckner AC, Walden DM, Young CM, Slawin AMZ, Campbell AD, Cheong PH, Smith AD. Isothiourea‐Catalyzed Atropselective Acylation of Biaryl Phenols via Sequential Desymmetrization/Kinetic Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S. Munday
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Markas A. Grove
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Taisiia Feoktistova
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | | | - Daniel M. Walden
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Claire M. Young
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Andrew D. Campbell
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development AstraZeneca Silk Road Business Park Macclesfield Cheshire SK10 2NA UK
| | - Paul Ha‐Yeon Cheong
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
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41
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Munday ES, Grove MA, Feoktistova T, Brueckner AC, Walden DM, Young CM, Slawin AMZ, Campbell AD, Cheong PH, Smith AD. Isothiourea‐Catalyzed Atropselective Acylation of Biaryl Phenols via Sequential Desymmetrization/Kinetic Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7897-7905. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S. Munday
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Markas A. Grove
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Taisiia Feoktistova
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | | | - Daniel M. Walden
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Claire M. Young
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Andrew D. Campbell
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development AstraZeneca Silk Road Business Park Macclesfield Cheshire SK10 2NA UK
| | - Paul Ha‐Yeon Cheong
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
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Ring OT, Campbell AD, Hayter BR, Powell L. Significant rate enhancement via potassium pivalate in a Miyaura borylation approach to verinurad. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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43
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Michalopoulou E, Auciello FR, Bulusu V, Strachan D, Campbell AD, Tait-Mulder J, Karim SA, Morton JP, Sansom OJ, Kamphorst JJ. Macropinocytosis Renders a Subset of Pancreatic Tumor Cells Resistant to mTOR Inhibition. Cell Rep 2020; 30:2729-2742.e4. [PMID: 32101748 PMCID: PMC7043007 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) features a near-universal mutation in KRAS. Additionally, the tumor suppressor PTEN is lost in ∼10% of patients, and in mouse models, this dramatically accelerates tumor progression. While oncogenic KRAS and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) cause divergent metabolic phenotypes individually, how they synergize to promote tumor metabolic alterations and dependencies remains unknown. We show that in KRAS-driven murine PDAC cells, loss of Pten strongly enhances both mTOR signaling and macropinocytosis. Protein scavenging alleviates sensitivity to mTOR inhibition by rescuing AKT phosphorylation at serine 473 and consequently cell proliferation. Combined inhibition of mTOR and lysosomal processing of internalized protein eliminates the macropinocytosis-mediated resistance. Our results indicate that mTORC2, rather than mTORC1, is an important regulator of protein scavenging and that protein-mediated resistance could explain the lack of effectiveness of mTOR inhibitors in certain genetic backgrounds. Concurrent inhibition of mTOR and protein scavenging might be a valuable therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evdokia Michalopoulou
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Francesca R Auciello
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Vinay Bulusu
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - David Strachan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Andrew D Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jacqueline Tait-Mulder
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Saadia A Karim
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jurre J Kamphorst
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
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44
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Stoloff L, Nesheim S, Yin L, Rodricks JY, Stack M, Campbell AD. A Multimycotoxin Detection Method for Aflatoxins, Ochratoxins, Zearalenone, Sterigmatocystin, and Patulin. J AOAC Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/54.1.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In response to the need for a more comprehensive and simple procedure for multiple mycotoxin detection than had heretofore been deyised, a method has been developed for detection of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2, ochratoxins A and B and their ethyl esters, zearalenone, sterigmatocystin, and patulin. The method is based on selective extraction with acetonitrile-water, defatting with isooctane, and removal of water-soluble components by transfer of the mycotoxins to chloroform. The method has been applied to corn, barley, oats, and wheat. The detection limits achieved are not as low as can be attained with the analytical procedures for the individual mycotoxins, but are low enough to be useful in a screening procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Stoloff
- Division of Food Chemistry and Technology, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204
| | - Stanley Nesheim
- Division of Food Chemistry and Technology, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204
| | - Lillian Yin
- Division of Food Chemistry and Technology, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204
| | - J Y Rodricks
- Division of Food Chemistry and Technology, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204
| | - Michael Stack
- Division of Food Chemistry and Technology, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204
| | - A D Campbell
- Division of Food Chemistry and Technology, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204
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45
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McGregor GH, Campbell AD, Fey SK, Tumanov S, Sumpton D, Blanco GR, Mackay G, Nixon C, Vazquez A, Sansom OJ, Kamphorst JJ. Targeting the Metabolic Response to Statin-Mediated Oxidative Stress Produces a Synergistic Antitumor Response. Cancer Res 2020; 80:175-188. [PMID: 31562248 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Statins are widely prescribed inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway, acting to lower systemic cholesterol levels. The mevalonate pathway is critical for tumorigenesis and is frequently upregulated in cancer. Nonetheless, reported effects of statins on tumor progression are ambiguous, making it unclear whether statins, alone or in combination, can be used for chemotherapy. Here, using advanced mass spectrometry and isotope tracing, we showed that statins only modestly affected cancer cholesterol homeostasis. Instead, they significantly reduced synthesis and levels of another downstream product, the mitochondrial electron carrier coenzyme Q, both in cultured cancer cells and tumors. This compromised oxidative phosphorylation, causing severe oxidative stress. To compensate, cancer cells upregulated antioxidant metabolic pathways, including reductive carboxylation, proline synthesis, and cystine import. Targeting cystine import with an xCT transporter-lowering MEK inhibitor, in combination with statins, caused profound tumor cell death. Thus, statin-induced ROS production in cancer cells can be exploited in a combinatorial regimen. SIGNIFICANCE: Cancer cells induce specific metabolic pathways to alleviate the increased oxidative stress caused by statin treatment, and targeting one of these pathways synergizes with statins to produce a robust antitumor response.See related commentary by Cordes and Metallo, p. 151.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace H McGregor
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sigrid K Fey
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sergey Tumanov
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David Sumpton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gillian Mackay
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alexei Vazquez
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jurre J Kamphorst
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Rheos Medicines Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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46
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Kaymak I, Maier CR, Schmitz W, Campbell AD, Dankworth B, Ade CP, Walz S, Paauwe M, Kalogirou C, Marouf H, Rosenfeldt MT, Gay DM, McGregor GH, Sansom OJ, Schulze A. Mevalonate Pathway Provides Ubiquinone to Maintain Pyrimidine Synthesis and Survival in p53-Deficient Cancer Cells Exposed to Metabolic Stress. Cancer Res 2020; 80:189-203. [PMID: 31744820 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oncogene activation and loss of tumor suppressor function changes the metabolic activity of cancer cells to drive unrestricted proliferation. Moreover, cancer cells adapt their metabolism to sustain growth and survival when access to oxygen and nutrients is restricted, such as in poorly vascularized tumor areas. We show here that p53-deficient colon cancer cells exposed to tumor-like metabolic stress in spheroid culture activated the mevalonate pathway to promote the synthesis of ubiquinone. This was essential to maintain mitochondrial electron transport for respiration and pyrimidine synthesis in metabolically compromised environments. Induction of mevalonate pathway enzyme expression in the absence of p53 was mediated by accumulation and stabilization of mature SREBP2. Mevalonate pathway inhibition by statins blocked pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis and induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in p53-deficient cancer cells in spheroid culture. Moreover, ubiquinone produced by the mevalonate pathway was essential for the growth of p53-deficient tumor organoids. In contrast, inhibition of intestinal hyperproliferation by statins in an Apc/KrasG12D-mutant mouse model was independent of de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Our results highlight the importance of the mevalonate pathway for maintaining mitochondrial electron transfer and biosynthetic activity in cancer cells exposed to metabolic stress. They also demonstrate that the metabolic output of this pathway depends on both genetic and environmental context. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings suggest that p53-deficient cancer cells activate the mevalonate pathway via SREBP2 and promote the synthesis of ubiquinone that plays an essential role in reducing oxidative stress and supports the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Kaymak
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Carsten P Ade
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Walz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Core Unit Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Madelon Paauwe
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Charis Kalogirou
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hecham Marouf
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mathias T Rosenfeldt
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David M Gay
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Grace H McGregor
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Almut Schulze
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Campbell
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Tomasi
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jeremy S. Parker
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
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48
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Jackstadt R, van Hooff SR, Leach JD, Cortes-Lavaud X, Lohuis JO, Ridgway RA, Wouters VM, Roper J, Kendall TJ, Roxburgh CS, Horgan PG, Nixon C, Nourse C, Gunzer M, Clark W, Hedley A, Yilmaz OH, Rashid M, Bailey P, Biankin AV, Campbell AD, Adams DJ, Barry ST, Steele CW, Medema JP, Sansom OJ. Epithelial NOTCH Signaling Rewires the Tumor Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer to Drive Poor-Prognosis Subtypes and Metastasis. Cancer Cell 2019; 36:319-336.e7. [PMID: 31526760 PMCID: PMC6853173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The metastatic process of colorectal cancer (CRC) is not fully understood and effective therapies are lacking. We show that activation of NOTCH1 signaling in the murine intestinal epithelium leads to highly penetrant metastasis (100% metastasis; with >80% liver metastases) in KrasG12D-driven serrated cancer. Transcriptional profiling reveals that epithelial NOTCH1 signaling creates a tumor microenvironment (TME) reminiscent of poorly prognostic human CRC subtypes (CMS4 and CRIS-B), and drives metastasis through transforming growth factor (TGF) β-dependent neutrophil recruitment. Importantly, inhibition of this recruitment with clinically relevant therapeutic agents blocks metastasis. We propose that NOTCH1 signaling is key to CRC progression and should be exploited clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sander R van Hooff
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joshua D Leach
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | - Valérie M Wouters
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jatin Roper
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Timothy J Kendall
- Division of Pathology/Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Campbell S Roxburgh
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul G Horgan
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Craig Nourse
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Omer H Yilmaz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Bailey
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew V Biankin
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Colin W Steele
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK.
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Ruhl AP, Sadreameli SC, Allen JL, Bennett DP, Campbell AD, Coates TD, Diallo DA, Field JJ, Fiorino EK, Gladwin MT, Glassberg JA, Gordeuk VR, Graham LM, Greenough A, Howard J, Kato GJ, Knight-Madden J, Kopp BT, Koumbourlis AC, Lanzkron SM, Liem RI, Machado RF, Mehari A, Morris CR, Ogunlesi FO, Rosen CL, Smith-Whitley K, Tauber D, Terry N, Thein SL, Vichinsky E, Weir NA, Cohen RT. Identifying Clinical and Research Priorities in Sickle Cell Lung Disease. An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2019; 16:e17-e32. [PMID: 31469310 PMCID: PMC6812163 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201906-433st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary complications of sickle cell disease (SCD) are diverse and encompass acute and chronic disease. The understanding of the natural history of pulmonary complications of SCD is limited, no specific therapies exist, and these complications are a primary cause of morbidity and mortality.Methods: We gathered a multidisciplinary group of pediatric and adult hematologists, pulmonologists, and emergency medicine physicians with expertise in SCD-related lung disease along with an SCD patient advocate for an American Thoracic Society-sponsored workshop to review the literature and identify key unanswered clinical and research questions. Participants were divided into four subcommittees on the basis of expertise: 1) acute chest syndrome, 2) lower airways disease and pulmonary function, 3) sleep-disordered breathing and hypoxia, and 4) pulmonary vascular complications of SCD. Before the workshop, a comprehensive literature review of each subtopic was conducted. Clinically important questions were developed after literature review and were finalized by group discussion and consensus.Results: Current knowledge is based on small, predominantly observational studies, few multicenter longitudinal studies, and even fewer high-quality interventional trials specifically targeting the pulmonary complications of SCD. Each subcommittee identified the three or four most important unanswered questions in their topic area for researchers to direct the next steps of clinical investigation.Conclusions: Important and clinically relevant questions regarding sickle cell lung disease remain unanswered. High-quality, multicenter, longitudinal studies and randomized clinical trials designed and implemented by teams of multidisciplinary clinician-investigators are needed to improve the care of individuals with SCD.
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Littleson MM, Campbell AD, Clarke A, Dow M, Ensor G, Evans MC, Herring A, Jackson BA, Jackson LV, Karlsson S, Klauber DJ, Legg DH, Leslie KW, Moravčík Š, Parsons CD, Ronson TO, Meadows RE. Synthetic Route Design of AZD4635, an A2AR Antagonist. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mairi M. Littleson
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, SK10 2NA, Macclesfield, U.K
| | - Andrew D. Campbell
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, SK10 2NA, Macclesfield, U.K
| | - Adam Clarke
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, SK10 2NA, Macclesfield, U.K
| | - Mark Dow
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, SK10 2NA, Macclesfield, U.K
| | - Gareth Ensor
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, SK10 2NA, Macclesfield, U.K
| | - Matthew C. Evans
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, SK10 2NA, Macclesfield, U.K
| | - Adam Herring
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, SK10 2NA, Macclesfield, U.K
| | - Bethany A. Jackson
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, SK10 2NA, Macclesfield, U.K
| | - Lucinda V. Jackson
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, SK10 2NA, Macclesfield, U.K
| | - Staffan Karlsson
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - David J. Klauber
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, SK10 2NA, Macclesfield, U.K
| | - Danny H. Legg
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, SK10 2NA, Macclesfield, U.K
| | - Kevin W. Leslie
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, SK10 2NA, Macclesfield, U.K
| | - Štefan Moravčík
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Chris D. Parsons
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, SK10 2NA, Macclesfield, U.K
| | - Thomas O. Ronson
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, SK10 2NA, Macclesfield, U.K
| | - Rebecca E. Meadows
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, SK10 2NA, Macclesfield, U.K
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