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Barker RE, Brand MC, Clark JH, North M. Nitrogen-Doped Starbons®: Methodology Development and Carbon Dioxide Capture Capability. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303436. [PMID: 37877704 PMCID: PMC10952171 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Five nitrogen sources (glycine, β-alanine, urea, melamine and nicotinamide) and three heating methods (thermal, monomodal microwave and multimodal microwave) are used to prepare nitrogen-doped Starbons® derived from starch. The materials are initially produced at 250-300 °C (SNx 300y ), then heated in vacuo to 800 °C to produce nitrogen-doped SNx 800y 's. Melamine gives the highest nitrogen incorporation without destroying the Starbon® pore structure and the microwave heating methods give higher nitrogen incorporations than thermal heating. The carbon dioxide adsorption capacities of the nitrogen-doped Starbons® determined gravimetrically, in many cases exceed those of S300 and S800. The carbon dioxide, nitrogen and methane adsorption isotherms of the most promising materials are measured volumetrically. Most of the nitrogen-doped materials show higher carbon dioxide adsorption capacities than S800, but lower methane and nitrogen adsorption capacities. As a result, the nitrogen-doped Starbons® exhibit significantly enhanced carbon dioxide versus nitrogen and methane versus nitrogen selectivities compared to S800.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E. Barker
- Green Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYO10 5DDYorkUK
| | - Michael C. Brand
- Department of Chemistry andMaterials Innovation Factory andLeverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials DesignUniversity of LiverpoolL69 7ZDLiverpoolUK
| | - James H. Clark
- Green Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYO10 5DDYorkUK
| | - Michael North
- Green Chemistry Centre of ExcellenceDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYO10 5DDYorkUK
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Mazzucato M, Daniel G, Perazzolo V, Brandiele R, Rizzi GA, Isse AA, Gennaro A, Durante C. Mesoporosity and nitrogen doping: The leading effect in oxygen reduction reaction activity and selectivity at nitrogen‐doped carbons prepared by using polyethylene oxide‐block‐polystyrene as a sacrificial template. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mazzucato
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Giorgia Daniel
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Armando Gennaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
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Wang D, Feng B, Zhang X, Liu Y, Pei Y, Qiao M, Zong B. Nitrogen-doped Carbon Pyrolyzed from ZIF-8 for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a22010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Fuel cells are a promising alternative to non-renewable energy production industries such as petroleum and natural gas. The cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which makes fuel cell technology possible, is sluggish under normal conditions. Thus, catalysts must be used to allow fuel cells to operate efficiently. Traditionally, platinum (Pt) catalysts are often utilized as they exhibit a highly efficient ORR with low overpotential values. However, Pt is an expensive and precious metal, posing economic problems for commercialization. Herein, advances in carbon-based catalysts are reviewed for their application in ORRs due to their abundance and low-cost syntheses. Various synthetic methods from different renewable sources are presented, and their catalytic properties are compared. Likewise, the effects of heteroatom and non-precious metal doping, surface area, and porosity on their performance are investigated. Carbon-based support materials are discussed in relation to their physical properties and the subsequent effect on Pt ORR performance. Lastly, advances in fuel cell electrolytes for various fuel cell types are presented. This review aims to provide valuable insight into current challenges in fuel cell performance and how they can be overcome using carbon-based materials and next generation electrolytes.
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Pan J, Fang Q, Xia Q, Hu A, Sun F, Zhang W, Yu Y, Zhuang G, Jiang J, Wang J. Dual effect of the coordination field and sulphuric acid on the properties of a single-atom catalyst in the electrosynthesis of H 2O 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:21338-21349. [PMID: 34545864 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03189a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e- ORR) is the ideal solution for on-site H2O2 production. Herein, we propose a new strategy for creating new 2e- ORR catalysts by introducing electron-deficient B atoms and electron-rich N atoms to regulate the coordination field of metal ions on a graphene substrate. Through the first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations, NiN2B2-h was screened out as it had a low overpotential (0.12 V) for 2e- ORR. The Bader charge analysis revealed that B atoms increased the charge density of Ni atoms, leading to moderate binding of O2. Furthermore, the combination of ab initio molecular dynamic (AIMD) calculations and DFT calculations in an H2SO4 environment revealed a new reaction mechanism of H2O2 synthesis, involving proton-transfer between activated O2 and HSO4-. Moreover, the rate-determining step (0.63 eV) of H2O2 desorption in the presence of H2SO4 was different from that of OOH* protonation (0.45 eV) under the gas phase. This difference is attributed to the hydrogen-bond network in the acid solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkong Pan
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, P. R. China.
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, P. R. China.
| | - Qian Xia
- China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310032, P. R. China.
| | - Anfu Hu
- China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310032, P. R. China.
| | - Fuli Sun
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, P. R. China.
| | - Yifan Yu
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, P. R. China.
| | - Guilin Zhuang
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Jiang
- China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310032, P. R. China.
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, P. R. China.
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Zhang Y, Melchionna M, Medved M, Błoński P, Steklý T, Bakandritsos A, Kment Š, Zbořil R, Otyepka M, Fornaserio P, Naldoni A. Enhanced On‐Site Hydrogen Peroxide Electrosynthesis by a Selectively Carboxylated N‐Doped Graphene Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacky University Slechtitelu 27 77900 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Michele Melchionna
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM University of Trieste Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Miroslav Medved
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacky University Slechtitelu 27 77900 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Piotr Błoński
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacky University Slechtitelu 27 77900 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Steklý
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacky University Slechtitelu 27 77900 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacky University Slechtitelu 27 77900 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Nanotechnology Centre CEET VŠB – Technical University Ostrava 17 listopadu 2172/15 Ostrava-Poruba 70800 Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Kment
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacky University Slechtitelu 27 77900 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Nanotechnology Centre CEET VŠB – Technical University Ostrava 17 listopadu 2172/15 Ostrava-Poruba 70800 Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacky University Slechtitelu 27 77900 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Nanotechnology Centre CEET VŠB – Technical University Ostrava 17 listopadu 2172/15 Ostrava-Poruba 70800 Czech Republic
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacky University Slechtitelu 27 77900 Olomouc Czech Republic
- IT4Innovations, VSB – Technical University of Ostrava 17. listopadu 2172/15 70800 Ostrava-Poruba Czech Republic
| | - Paolo Fornaserio
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM University of Trieste Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Alberto Naldoni
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacky University Slechtitelu 27 77900 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 P. R. China
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Facchin A, Zerbetto M, Gennaro A, Vittadini A, Forrer D, Durante C. Oxygen Reduction Reaction at Single‐Site Catalysts: A Combined Electrochemical Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy and DFT Investigation on Iron Octaethylporphyrin Chloride on HOPG**. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Facchin
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Mirco Zerbetto
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Armando Gennaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Andrea Vittadini
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia ICMATE-CNR via Marzolo 1 I-35131 Padova Italy
| | - Daniel Forrer
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia ICMATE-CNR via Marzolo 1 I-35131 Padova Italy
| | - Christian Durante
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
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Abstract
The development of platinum group metal-free (PGM-free) electrocatalysts derived from cheap and environmentally friendly biomasses for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a topic of relevant interest, particularly from the point of view of sustainability. Fe-nitrogen-doped carbon materials (Fe-N-C) have attracted particular interest as alternative to Pt-based materials, due to the high activity and selectivity of Fe-Nx active sites, the high availability and good tolerance to poisoning. Recently, many studies focused on developing synthetic strategies, which could transform N-containing biomasses into N-doped carbons. In this paper, chitosan was employed as a suitable N-containing biomass for preparing Fe-N-C catalyst in virtue of its high N content (7.1%) and unique chemical structure. Moreover, the major application of chitosan is based on its ability to strongly coordinate metal ions, a precondition for the formation of Fe-Nx active sites. The synthesis of Fe-N-C consists in a double step thermochemical conversion of a dried chitosan hydrogel. In acidic aqueous solution, the preparation of physical cross-linked hydrogel allows to obtain sophisticated organization, which assure an optimal mesoporosity before and after the pyrolysis. After the second thermal treatment at 900 °C, a highly graphitized material was obtained, which has been fully characterized in terms of textural, morphological and chemical properties. RRDE technique was used for understanding the activity and the selectivity of the material versus the ORR in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte. Special attention was put in the determination of the active site density according to nitrite electrochemical reduction measurements. It was clearly established that the catalytic activity expressed as half wave potential linearly scales with the number of Fe-Nx sites. It was also established that the addition of the iron precursor after the first pyrolysis step leads to an increased activity due to both an increased number of active sites and of a hierarchical structure, which improves the access to active sites. At the same time, the increased graphitization degree, and a reduced density of pyrrolic nitrogen groups are helpful to increase the selectivity toward the 4e- ORR pathway.
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