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Scarano N, Brullo C, Musumeci F, Millo E, Bruzzone S, Schenone S, Cichero E. Recent Advances in the Discovery of SIRT1/2 Inhibitors via Computational Methods: A Perspective. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:601. [PMID: 38794171 PMCID: PMC11123952 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are classified as class III histone deacetylases (HDACs), a family of enzymes that catalyze the removal of acetyl groups from the ε-N-acetyl lysine residues of histone proteins, thus counteracting the activity performed by histone acetyltransferares (HATs). Based on their involvement in different biological pathways, ranging from transcription to metabolism and genome stability, SIRT dysregulation was investigated in many diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. The elucidation of a consistent number of SIRT-ligand complexes helped to steer the identification of novel and more selective modulators. Due to the high diversity and quantity of the structural data thus far available, we reviewed some of the different ligands and structure-based methods that have recently been used to identify new promising SIRT1/2 modulators. The present review is structured into two sections: the first includes a comprehensive perspective of the successful computational approaches related to the discovery of SIRT1/2 inhibitors (SIRTIs); the second section deals with the most interesting SIRTIs that have recently appeared in the literature (from 2017). The data reported here are collected from different databases (SciFinder, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed) using "SIRT", "sirtuin", and "sirtuin inhibitors" as keywords.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Scarano
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (N.S.); (F.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (N.S.); (F.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (N.S.); (F.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Enrico Millo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.M.); (S.B.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (N.S.); (F.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Elena Cichero
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (N.S.); (F.M.); (S.S.)
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Mugnaini C, Brizzi A, Paolino M, Scarselli E, Castelli R, de Candia M, Gambacorta N, Nicolotti O, Kostrzewa M, Kumar P, Mahmoud AM, Borgonetti V, Iannotta M, Morace A, Galeotti N, Maione S, Altomare CD, Ligresti A, Corelli F. Novel Dual-Acting Hybrids Targeting Type-2 Cannabinoid Receptors and Cholinesterase Activity Show Neuroprotective Effects In Vitro and Amelioration of Cognitive Impairment In Vivo. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:955-971. [PMID: 38372253 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative form of dementia characterized by the loss of synapses and a progressive decline in cognitive abilities. Among current treatments for AD, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors have efficacy limited to symptom relief, with significant side effects and poor compliance. Pharmacological agents that modulate the activity of type-2 cannabinoid receptors (CB2R) of the endocannabinoid system by activating or blocking them have also been shown to be effective against neuroinflammation. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and pharmacological effects in vitro and in vivo of dual-acting compounds that inhibit AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and target CB2R. Within the investigated series, compound 4g proved to be the most promising. It achieved IC50 values in the low micromolar to submicromolar range against both human cholinesterase isoforms while antagonizing CB2R with Ki of 31 nM. Interestingly, 4g showed neuroprotective effects on the SH-SY5Y cell line thanks to its ability to prevent oxidative stress-induced cell toxicity and reverse scopolamine-induced amnesia in the Y-maze forced alternation test in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mugnaini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Antonella Brizzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Paolino
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Enrico Scarselli
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Castelli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Modesto de Candia
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Gambacorta
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Magdalena Kostrzewa
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples ,Italy
| | - Poulami Kumar
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples ,Italy
| | - Ali Mokhtar Mahmoud
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples ,Italy
| | - Vittoria Borgonetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Iannotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli″, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Morace
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli″, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Galeotti
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli″, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Cosimo D Altomare
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessia Ligresti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples ,Italy
| | - Federico Corelli
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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3
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Bursch KL, Goetz CJ, Smith BC. Current Trends in Sirtuin Activator and Inhibitor Development. Molecules 2024; 29:1185. [PMID: 38474697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent protein deacylases and key metabolic regulators, coupling the cellular energy state with selective lysine deacylation to regulate many downstream cellular processes. Humans encode seven sirtuin isoforms (Sirt1-7) with diverse subcellular localization and deacylase targets. Sirtuins are considered protective anti-aging proteins since increased sirtuin activity is canonically associated with lifespan extension and decreased activity with developing aging-related diseases. However, sirtuins can also assume detrimental cellular roles where increased activity contributes to pathophysiology. Modulation of sirtuin activity by activators and inhibitors thus holds substantial potential for defining the cellular roles of sirtuins in health and disease and developing therapeutics. Instead of being comprehensive, this review discusses the well-characterized sirtuin activators and inhibitors available to date, particularly those with demonstrated selectivity, potency, and cellular activity. This review also provides recommendations regarding the best-in-class sirtuin activators and inhibitors for practical research as sirtuin modulator discovery and refinement evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina L Bursch
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Structural Genomics Unit, Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Christopher J Goetz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Brian C Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Structural Genomics Unit, Linda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Garmendia-Berges M, Sola-Sevilla N, Mera-Delgado MC, Puerta E. Age-Associated Changes of Sirtuin 2 Expression in CNS and the Periphery. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1476. [PMID: 38132302 PMCID: PMC10741187 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), one of the seven members of the sirtuin family, has emerged as a potential regulator of aging and age-related pathologies since several studies have demonstrated that it shows age-related changes in humans and different animal models. A detailed analysis of the relevant works published to date addressing this topic shows that the changes that occur in SIRT2 with aging seem to be opposite in the brain and in the periphery. On the one hand, aging induces an increase in SIRT2 levels in the brain, which supports the notion that its pharmacological inhibition is beneficial in different neurodegenerative diseases. However, on the other hand, in the periphery, SIRT2 levels are reduced with aging while keeping its expression is protective against age-related peripheral inflammation, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, systemic administration of any known modulator of this enzyme would have conflicting outcomes. This review summarizes the currently available information on changes in SIRT2 expression in aging and the underlying mechanisms affected, with the aim of providing evidence to determine whether its pharmacological modulation could be an effective and safe pharmacological strategy for the treatment of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maider Garmendia-Berges
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.G.-B.); (N.S.-S.); (M.M.-D.)
| | - Noemi Sola-Sevilla
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.G.-B.); (N.S.-S.); (M.M.-D.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - MCarmen Mera-Delgado
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.G.-B.); (N.S.-S.); (M.M.-D.)
| | - Elena Puerta
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.G.-B.); (N.S.-S.); (M.M.-D.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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El-Metwally SA, Elkady H, Hagras M, Elkaeed EB, Alsfouk BA, Doghish AS, Ibrahim IM, Taghour MS, Husein DZ, Metwaly AM, Eissa IH. Discovery of new VEGFR-2 inhibitors and apoptosis inducer-based thieno[2,3- d]pyrimidine. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:2065-2086. [PMID: 37955128 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: VEGFR-2 is a key regulator of cancer cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. Aim: Development of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents targeting VEGFR-2. Methods: Seven in vitro and nine in silico studies were conducted. Results: Compound 10d demonstrated strong anticancer potential, boosting apoptosis based on VEGFR-2 inhibition. It arrested the S phase of the cell cycle and upregulated the apoptotic factors. Docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies confirm the stability of the VEGFR-2-10d complex and suggest that these compounds have good binding affinities to VEGFR-2. In addition, the drug-likeness was confirmed. Conclusion: Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines, particularly compound 10d, has good anticancer effects and may contribute to the development of new anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad A El-Metwally
- Department of Basic Science, Higher Technological institute, 10th of Ramadan City, Egypt
| | - Hazem Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hagras
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bshra A Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, PO Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M Ibrahim
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Taghour
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Dalal Z Husein
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, El-Kharja, 72511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Metwaly
- Pharmacognosy & Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
- Biopharmaceutical Products Research Department, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research & Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Department of Basic Science, Higher Technological institute, 10th of Ramadan City, Egypt
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El-Metwally SA, Abuelkhir AA, Elkady H, Taghour MS, Ibrahim IM, Husein DZ, Alsfouk AA, Sultan A, Ismail A, Elkhawaga SY, Elkaeed EB, Metwaly AM, Eissa IH. In vitro and in silico evaluation of new thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines as anti-cancer agents and apoptosis inducers targeting VEGFR-2. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 106:107928. [PMID: 37480629 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, new thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives that could have potential anticancer activity by inhibiting the VEGFR-2 receptor have been designed, synthesized, and investigated. The thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives showed strong in vitro abilities to inhibit VEGFR-2 and to prevent cancer cell growth in two different types of cancer cells, MCF-7 and HepG2. Particularly, compound 22 showed the most potent anti-VEGFR-2 activity with an IC50 value of 0.58 µM. Additionally, compound 22 exhibited good anti-proliferative activity against both MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 11.32 ± 0.32 and 16.66 ± 1.22 µM, respectively. Further investigations revealed that compound 22 induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and promoted both early and late apoptosis in the MCF-7 cancer cells. Compound 22 also increased the level of BAX (2.8-fold), and reduced the level of Bcl-2 (2.2-fold), hence increasing the rate of apoptosis. Compound 22 also revealed 2.9-fold and 2.8-fold higher levels of caspase-8 and caspase-9, respectively, in the treated MCF-7 cancer cells compared to the control cell lines. The MD simulations showed that the VEGFR-2-22 complex was structurally and energytically stable over 100 ns, while the MM-GBSA study indicated its stable thermodynamic behavior. The bi-dimensional projection analysis confirmed the proper binding of the VEGFR-2-22 complex, while the DFT studies provided optimized geometry, charge distribution, FMO, ESP, the total density of state, and QTAIM maps of compound 22. Finally, computational ADMET studies were performed to assess the drug development potential of the thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives. Overall, this study suggests that compound 22 has the potential as an anticancer lead compound by inhibiting VEGFR-2, which may be a guide for future drug design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad A El-Metwally
- Department of Basic Science, Higher Technological institute, 10th of Ramadan City, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman A Abuelkhir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Hazem Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Taghour
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M Ibrahim
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Dalal Z Husein
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, El-Kharja 72511, Egypt
| | - Aisha A Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam Sultan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samy Y Elkhawaga
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed M Metwaly
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; Biopharmaceutical Products Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
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Abbotto E, Casini B, Piacente F, Scarano N, Cerri E, Tonelli M, Astigiano C, Millo E, Sturla L, Bruzzone S, Cichero E. Novel Thiazole-Based SIRT2 Inhibitors Discovered via Molecular Modelling Studies and Enzymatic Assays. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1316. [PMID: 37765125 PMCID: PMC10535842 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the development of sirtuin small molecule inhibitors (SIRTIs) has been gaining attention for the treatment of different cancer types, but also to contrast neurodegenerative disease, diabetes, and autoimmune syndromes. In the search for SIRT2 modulators, the availability of several X-crystallographic data regarding SIRT2-ligand complexes has allowed for setting up a structure-based study, which is herein presented. A set of 116 SIRT2 inhibitors featuring different chemical structures has been collected from the literature and used for molecular docking studies involving 4RMG and 5MAT PDB codes. The information found highlights key contacts with the SIRT2 binding pocket such as Van der Waals and π-π stacking with Tyr104, Phe119, Phe234, and Phe235 in order to achieve high inhibitory ability values. Following the preliminary virtual screening studies, a small in-house library of compounds (1a-7a), previously investigated as putative HSP70 inhibitors, was described to guide the search for dual-acting HSP70/SIRT2 inhibitors. Biological and enzymatic assays validated the whole procedure. Compounds 2a and 7a were found to be the most promising derivatives herein proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Abbotto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.A.); (F.P.); (E.C.); (C.A.); (E.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Beatrice Casini
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.C.); (N.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Francesco Piacente
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.A.); (F.P.); (E.C.); (C.A.); (E.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Naomi Scarano
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.C.); (N.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Elena Cerri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.A.); (F.P.); (E.C.); (C.A.); (E.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Michele Tonelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.C.); (N.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Cecilia Astigiano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.A.); (F.P.); (E.C.); (C.A.); (E.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Enrico Millo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.A.); (F.P.); (E.C.); (C.A.); (E.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Laura Sturla
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.A.); (F.P.); (E.C.); (C.A.); (E.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.A.); (F.P.); (E.C.); (C.A.); (E.M.); (L.S.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Cichero
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.C.); (N.S.); (M.T.)
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8
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El-Metwally SA, Elkady H, Hagras M, Husein DZ, Ibrahim IM, Taghour MS, El-Mahdy HA, Ismail A, Alsfouk BA, Elkaeed EB, Metwaly AM, Eissa IH. Design, synthesis, anti-proliferative evaluation, docking, and MD simulation studies of new thieno[2,3- d]pyrimidines targeting VEGFR-2. RSC Adv 2023; 13:23365-23385. [PMID: 37545598 PMCID: PMC10401666 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03128d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, new thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-derived compounds possessing potential anticancer activities were designed and synthesized to target VEGFR-2. The thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives were tested in vitro for their abilities to inhibit VEGFR-2 and to prevent cancer cell growth in two types of cancer cells, MCF-7 and HepG2. Compound 18 exhibited the strongest anti-VEGFR-2 potential with an IC50 value of 0.084 μM. Additionally, it displayed excellent proliferative effects against MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 10.17 μM and 24.47 μM, respectively. Further studies revealed that compound 18 induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and promoted apoptosis in MCF-7 cancer cells. Apoptosis was stimulated by compound 18 by increasing BAX (3.6-fold) and decreasing Bcl-2 (3.1-fold). Additionally, compound 18 significantly raised the levels of caspase-8 (2.6-fold) and caspase-9 (5.4-fold). Computational techniques were also used to investigate the VEGFR-2-18 complex at a molecular level. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to assess the structural and energetic features of the complex. The protein-ligand interaction profiler analysis identified the 3D interactions and binding conformation of the VEGFR-2-18 complex. Essential dynamics (ED) study utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) described the protein dynamics of the VEGFR-2-18 complex at various spatial scales. Bi-dimensional projection analysis confirmed the proper binding of the VEGFR-2-18 complex. In addition, the DFT studies provided insights into the structural and electronic properties of compound 18. Finally, computational ADMET and toxicity studies were conducted to evaluate the potential of the thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives for drug development. The results of the study suggested that compound 18 could be a promising anticancer agent that may provide effective treatment options for cancer patients. Furthermore, the computational techniques used in this research provided valuable insights into the molecular interactions of the VEGFR-2-18 complex, which may guide future drug design efforts. Overall, this study highlights the potential of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as a new class of anticancer agents and provides a foundation for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad A El-Metwally
- Department of Basic Science, Higher Technological Institute 10th of Ramadan City Egypt
| | - Hazem Elkady
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Cairo 11884 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hagras
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Cairo 11884 Egypt
| | - Dalal Z Husein
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley University El-Kharja 72511 Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M Ibrahim
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Cairo 12613 Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Taghour
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Cairo 11884 Egypt
| | - Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Nasr City Cairo 11231 Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Nasr City Cairo 11231 Egypt
| | - Bshra A Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University Riyadh 13713 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Metwaly
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Cairo 11884 Egypt
- Biopharmaceutical Products Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City) Alexandria Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Cairo 11884 Egypt
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9
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Naren P, Samim KS, Tryphena KP, Vora LK, Srivastava S, Singh SB, Khatri DK. Microtubule acetylation dyshomeostasis in Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:20. [PMID: 37150812 PMCID: PMC10165769 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00354-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The inter-neuronal communication occurring in extensively branched neuronal cells is achieved primarily through the microtubule (MT)-mediated axonal transport system. This mechanistically regulated system delivers cargos (proteins, mRNAs and organelles such as mitochondria) back and forth from the soma to the synapse. Motor proteins like kinesins and dynein mechanistically regulate polarized anterograde (from the soma to the synapse) and retrograde (from the synapse to the soma) commute of the cargos, respectively. Proficient axonal transport of such cargos is achieved by altering the microtubule stability via post-translational modifications (PTMs) of α- and β-tubulin heterodimers, core components constructing the MTs. Occurring within the lumen of MTs, K40 acetylation of α-tubulin via α-tubulin acetyl transferase and its subsequent deacetylation by HDAC6 and SIRT2 are widely scrutinized PTMs that make the MTs highly flexible, which in turn promotes their lifespan. The movement of various motor proteins, including kinesin-1 (responsible for axonal mitochondrial commute), is enhanced by this PTM, and dyshomeostasis of neuronal MT acetylation has been observed in a variety of neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is the second most common neurodegenerative condition and is closely associated with impaired MT dynamics and deregulated tubulin acetylation levels. Although the relationship between status of MT acetylation and progression of PD pathogenesis has become a chicken-and-egg question, our review aims to provide insights into the MT-mediated axonal commute of mitochondria and dyshomeostasis of MT acetylation in PD. The enzymatic regulators of MT acetylation along with their synthetic modulators have also been briefly explored. Moving towards a tubulin-based therapy that enhances MT acetylation could serve as a disease-modifying treatment in neurological conditions that lack it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmashri Naren
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Khan Sabiya Samim
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
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10
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Lu W, Ji H, Wu D. SIRT2 plays complex roles in neuroinflammation neuroimmunology-associated disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1174180. [PMID: 37215138 PMCID: PMC10196137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1174180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and neuroimmunology-associated disorders, including ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative disease, commonly cause severe neurologic function deficits, including bradypragia, hemiplegia, aphasia, and cognitive impairment, and the pathological mechanism is not completely clear. SIRT2, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, was proven to play an important and paradoxical role in regulating ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative disease. This review summarizes the comprehensive mechanism of the crucial pathological functions of SIRT2 in apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, neuroinflammation, and immune response. Elaborating on the mechanism by which SIRT2 participates in neuroinflammation and neuroimmunology-associated disorders is beneficial to discover novel effective drugs for diseases, varying from vascular disorders to neurodegenerative diseases.
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11
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Abbotto E, Scarano N, Piacente F, Millo E, Cichero E, Bruzzone S. Virtual Screening in the Identification of Sirtuins’ Activity Modulators. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175641. [PMID: 36080416 PMCID: PMC9457788 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent deac(et)ylases with different subcellular localization. The sirtuins’ family is composed of seven members, named SIRT-1 to SIRT-7. Their substrates include histones and also an increasing number of different proteins. Sirtuins regulate a wide range of different processes, ranging from transcription to metabolism to genome stability. Thus, their dysregulation has been related to the pathogenesis of different diseases. In this review, we discussed the pharmacological approaches based on sirtuins’ modulators (both inhibitors and activators) that have been attempted in in vitro and/or in in vivo experimental settings, to highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting one/more specific sirtuin isoform(s) in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and type 2 diabetes. Extensive research has already been performed to identify SIRT-1 and -2 modulators, while compounds targeting the other sirtuins have been less studied so far. Beside sections dedicated to each sirtuin, in the present review we also included sections dedicated to pan-sirtuins’ and to parasitic sirtuins’ modulators. A special focus is dedicated to the sirtuins’ modulators identified by the use of virtual screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Abbotto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Naomi Scarano
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacente
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Enrico Millo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Cichero
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence:
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12
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Histone Deacetylases as Epigenetic Targets for Treating Parkinson’s Disease. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050672. [PMID: 35625059 PMCID: PMC9140162 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease that is increasingly becoming a global threat to the health and life of the elderly worldwide. Although there are some drugs clinically available for treating PD, these treatments can only alleviate the symptoms of PD patients but cannot completely cure the disease. Therefore, exploring other potential mechanisms to develop more effective treatments that can modify the course of PD is still highly desirable. Over the last two decades, histone deacetylases, as an important group of epigenetic targets, have attracted much attention in drug discovery. This review focused on the current knowledge about histone deacetylases involved in PD pathophysiology and their inhibitors used in PD studies. Further perspectives related to small molecules that can inhibit or degrade histone deacetylases to treat PD were also discussed.
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13
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Yan J, Zhang P, Tan J, Li M, Xu X, Shao X, Fang F, Zou Z, Zhou Y, Tian B. Cdk5 phosphorylation-induced SIRT2 nuclear translocation promotes the death of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:46. [PMID: 35443760 PMCID: PMC9021196 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), which regulates several cellular pathways by deacetylating multiple substrates, has been extensively studied in the context of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although several studies based on the MPTP model of PD show that SIRT2 deletion can protect against dopaminergic neuron loss, the precise mechanisms of SIRT2-mediated neuronal death have largely remained unknown. Here, we show that SIRT2 knockout can effectively ameliorate anomalous behavioral phenotypes in transgenic mouse models of PD. Importantly, in both cellular and animal models of PD, it was observed that SIRT2 translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Further, the nuclear translocation of SIRT2 promotes neuronal death. Moreover, the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5)-mediated phosphorylation of SIRT2 at the Ser331 and Ser335 sites appears to be necessary for such nuclear translocation. Taken together, the results provide insights into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of neuronal death during PD progression via the Cdk5-dependent nuclear–cytoplasmic shuttling of SIRT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Yan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, Guangxi Province, 541199, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, Guangxi Province, 541199, P. R. China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Jie Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, Guangxi Province, 541199, P. R. China
| | - Mao Li
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, Guangxi Province, 541199, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, Guangxi Province, 541199, P. R. China
| | - Xingfeng Xu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, Guangxi Province, 541199, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, Guangxi Province, 541199, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Shao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, Guangxi Province, 541199, P. R. China
| | - Fang Fang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, Guangxi Province, 541199, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyou Zou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, Guangxi Province, 541199, P. R. China
| | - Yali Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, Guangxi Province, 541199, P. R. China. .,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Guilin Medical University, 1 Zhiyuan Road, Guilin, Guangxi Province, 541199, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, P. R. China.
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14
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Li C, Guan X, Jing H, Xiao X, Jin H, Xiong J, Ai S, Wang Y, Su T, Sun G, Fu T, Wang Y, Guo S, Liang P. Circular RNA circBFAR promotes glioblastoma progression by regulating a miR-548b/FoxM1 axis. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22183. [PMID: 35202487 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101307r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of tumor of the primary nervous system. Treatment options for GBM include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy; however, the clinical outcomes are poor, with a high rate of recurrence. An increasing number of studies have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) serve important roles in several types of cancer. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was utilized to identify the differentially expressed circRNAs and their biological functions. Then, we detected the circular RNA bifunctional apoptosis regulator (circBFAR) was significantly increased in three GEO datasets. However, the role of circBFAR has not been reported in GBM. In this study, the expression of circBFAR was significantly increased both in GBM tissues or cell lines and was negatively correlated with overall survival in patients with GBM. Knockdown of circBFAR inhibited proliferation and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Increased expression of circBFAR resulted in a reduction of miR-548b expression in glioma cells. A luciferase reporter and RIP assay indicated that miR-548b was a direct target of circBFAR, and miR-548b may negatively regulate the expression of FoxM1. Rescue experiments showed that overexpression of FoxM1 could counter the effect of circBFAR silencing on the proliferation and invasion of glioma cell lines. Moreover, we identified that circBFAR regulates FoxM1 by interacting with miR-548b in glioma cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that a circBFAR/miR-548b/FoxM1 axis regulates the development of GBM and highlights potentially novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Guan
- Animal Laboratory Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hanguang Jing
- Breast Surgery, Lin Yi Famous Doctor Studio, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jinsheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Siqi Ai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Tianqi Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Guiyin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Tianjiao Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shouli Guo
- Animal Experiment Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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15
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Purushotham N, Singh M, Paramesha B, Kumar V, Wakode S, Banerjee SK, Poojary B, Asthana S. Design and synthesis of amino acid derivatives of substituted benzimidazoles and pyrazoles as Sirt1 inhibitors. RSC Adv 2022; 12:3809-3827. [PMID: 35425455 PMCID: PMC8981170 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06149f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to its presence in several biological processes, Sirt1 acts as a potential therapeutic target for many diseases. Here, we report the structure-based designing and synthesis of two distinct series of novel Sirt1 inhibitors, benzimidazole mono-peptides and amino-acid derived 5-pyrazolyl methylidene rhodanine carboxylic acid. The compounds were evaluated for in vitro enzyme-based and cell-based Sirt1 inhibition assay, and cytotoxic-activity in both liver and breast cancer cells. The tryptophan conjugates i.e.13h (IC50 = 0.66 μM, ΔGbind = −1.1 kcal mol−1) and 7d (IC50 = 0.77 μM, ΔGbind = −4.4 kcal mol−1) demonstrated the maximum efficacy to inhibit Sirt1. The MD simulation unveiled that electrostatic complementarity at the substrate-binding-site through a novel motif “SLxVxP(V/F)A” could be a cause of increased Sirt1 inhibition by 13h and 13l over Sirt2 in cell-based assay, as compared to the control Ex527 and 7d. Finally, this study highlights novel molecules 7d and 13h, along with a new key hot-spot in Sirt1, which could be used as a starting lead to design more potent and selective sirtuin inhibitors as a potential anticancer molecule. Owing to its presence in several biological processes, Sirt1 acts as a potential therapeutic target for many diseases.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikil Purushotham
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Karnataka-574 199, India
| | - Mrityunjay Singh
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana-121001, India
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, DPSR University, M.B Road, Pushp Vihar, Sector 3, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Bugga Paramesha
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana-121001, India
| | - Vasantha Kumar
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Karnataka-574 199, India
| | - Sharad Wakode
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, DPSR University, M.B Road, Pushp Vihar, Sector 3, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Sanjay K. Banerjee
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana-121001, India
| | - Boja Poojary
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Karnataka-574 199, India
| | - Shailendra Asthana
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana-121001, India
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16
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Kaitsuka T, Matsushita M, Matsushita N. Regulation of Hypoxic Signaling and Oxidative Stress via the MicroRNA-SIRT2 Axis and Its Relationship with Aging-Related Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123316. [PMID: 34943825 PMCID: PMC8699081 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The sirtuin family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase and ADP-ribosyl transferases plays key roles in aging, metabolism, stress response, and aging-related diseases. SIRT2 is a unique sirtuin that is expressed in the cytosol and is abundant in neuronal cells. Various microRNAs were recently reported to regulate SIRT2 expression via its 3'-untranslated region (UTR), and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the miRNA-binding sites of SIRT2 3'-UTR were identified in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. The present review highlights recent studies into SIRT2-mediated regulation of the stress response, posttranscriptional regulation of SIRT2 by microRNAs, and the implications of the SIRT2-miRNA axis in aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kaitsuka
- School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka 831-8501, Japan;
| | - Masayuki Matsushita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan;
| | - Nobuko Matsushita
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Public Health, Department of Medical Technology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-769-1937
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17
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Hong JY, Cassel J, Yang J, Lin H, Weiser BP. High-Throughput Screening Identifies Ascorbyl Palmitate as a SIRT2 Deacetylase and Defatty-Acylase Inhibitor. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3484-3494. [PMID: 34382754 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule inhibitors of the human sirtuin SIRT2 are being developed because of their therapeutic potential in a variety of diseases. Here, we developed a high-throughput screen to identify novel SIRT2 inhibitors using a fluorescent SIRT2 probe, 1-aminoanthracene (AMA). AMA has high fluorescence when bound to SIRT2, and its fluorescence reduces >10-fold when it is displaced from SIRT2 by other ligands. We used this property of AMA to screen a library of known bioactive compounds for SIRT2 binding and discovered two known pharmaceutical compounds that bind SIRT2 with Kd values in the low μM range, ascorbyl palmitate and pictilisib. Both compounds inhibit the deacetylase and defatty-acylase activities of SIRT2. While pictilisib has selectivity for SIRT2, ascorbyl palmitate also inhibits the enzymatic activities of SIRT1 and SIRT6. Finally, we show that ascorbyl palmitate inhibits SIRT2 deacetylase and defatty-acylase activities in cells, and SIRT2 inhibition by ascorbyl palmitate contributes to the cytotoxicity of the compound. Our work discovered novel SIRT2 deacylase inhibitors and presents a screening approach that can be applied on a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Joel Cassel
- Molecular Screening & Protein Expression Facility, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
| | - Hening Lin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Brian P Weiser
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
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18
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Chen X, Lu W, Wu D. Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2): Confusing Roles in the Pathophysiology of Neurological Disorders. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:614107. [PMID: 34108853 PMCID: PMC8180884 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.614107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As a type of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases, sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is predominantly found in the cytoplasm of cells in the central nervous system (CNS), suggesting its potential role in neurological disorders. Though SIRT2 is generally acknowledged to accelerate the development of neurological pathologies, it protects the brain from deterioration in certain circumstances. This review summarized the complex roles SIRT2 plays in the pathophysiology of diverse neurological disorders, compared and analyzed the discrete roles of SIRT2 in different conditions, and provided possible explanations for its paradoxical functions. In the future, the rapid growth in SIRT2 research may clarify its impacts on neurological disorders and develop therapeutic strategies targeting this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenmei Lu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danhong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Li B, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Ding J, Liu X, Jin Y, Lian B, Ling Y, Sun C. Acetylation of NDUFV1 induced by a newly synthesized HDAC6 inhibitor HGC rescues dopaminergic neuron loss in Parkinson models. iScience 2021; 24:102302. [PMID: 33851105 PMCID: PMC8022854 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors hold considerable therapeutic potentials for treating neurodegeneration-related diseases including Parkinson disease (PD). Here, we synthesized an HDAC inhibitor named as HGC and examined its neuroprotective roles in PD models. Our results showed that HGC protects dopaminergic neurons from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced insults. Furthermore, in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD model mice, HGC application rectifies behavioral defects, improves tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the midbrain, and maintains mitochondrial integrity and functions. Mechanistically, mass spectrometry data revealed that HGC stimulates acetylation modification at lysine 28 of NDUFV1. Inhibition of HDAC6 by HGC is responsible for this acetylation modification. Functional tests showed that, as well as HGC, NDUFV1 exhibits beneficial roles against MPP+ injuries. Moreover, knockdown of NDUFV1 abolishes the neuroprotective roles of HGC. Taken together, our data indicate that HGC has a great therapeutic potential for treating PD and NDUFV1 might be a target for developing drugs against PD. HGC is a potent inhibitor for HDACs, especially HDAC1/6 HGC protects dopaminergic neurons and alleviates PD symptoms in PD models HDAC6/NDUFV1 axis is responsible for transducing its anti-PD activities HGC holds great therapeutic potentials for treating PD
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yinuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yuejun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yan Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Bolin Lian
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong 226019, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Cheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
- Corresponding author
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20
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Sola-Sevilla N, Ricobaraza A, Hernandez-Alcoceba R, Aymerich MS, Tordera RM, Puerta E. Understanding the Potential Role of Sirtuin 2 on Aging: Consequences of SIRT2.3 Overexpression in Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3107. [PMID: 33803627 PMCID: PMC8003096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) has been associated to aging and age-related pathologies. Specifically, an age-dependent accumulation of isoform 3 of SIRT2 in the CNS has been demonstrated; however, no study has addressed the behavioral or molecular consequences that this could have on aging. In the present study, we have designed an adeno-associated virus vector (AAV-CAG-Sirt2.3-eGFP) for the overexpression of SIRT2.3 in the hippocampus of 2 month-old SAMR1 and SAMP8 mice. Our results show that the specific overexpression of this isoform does not induce significant behavioral or molecular effects at short or long term in the control strain. Only a tendency towards a worsening in the performance in acquisition phase of the Morris Water Maze was found in SAMP8 mice, together with a significant increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokine Il-1β. These results suggest that the age-related increase of SIRT2.3 found in the brain is not responsible for induction or prevention of senescence. Nevertheless, in combination with other risk factors, it could contribute to the progression of age-related processes. Understanding the specific role of SIRT2 on aging and the underlying molecular mechanisms is essential to design new and more successful therapies for the treatment of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Sola-Sevilla
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Ricobaraza
- Gene Therapy Program CIMA, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Hernandez-Alcoceba
- Gene Therapy Program CIMA, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria S Aymerich
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Neuroscience Program CIMA, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Tordera
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena Puerta
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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21
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Singh M, Srivastava M, Wakode SR, Asthana S. Elucidation of Structural Determinants Delineates the Residues Playing Key Roles in Differential Dynamics and Selective Inhibition of Sirt1-3. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:1105-1124. [PMID: 33606530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sirt1-3 are the most studied sirtuins, playing a key role in caloric-dependent epigenetic modifications. Since they are localized in distinct cellular compartments and act differently under various pathological conditions, selective inhibition would be a promising strategy to understand their biological function and to discover effective therapeutics. Here, sirtuin's inhibitor Ex527* is used as a probe to speculate the possible root cause of selective inhibition and differential structural dynamics of Sirt1-3. Comparative energetics and mutational studies revealed the criticality of residues I279 and I316 for the Sirt1 selectivity toward Ex527*. Furthermore, essential dynamics and residue network analysis revealed that the side-chain reorientation in residue F190 due to nonconserved residue Y191 played a major role in the formation of an extended selectivity pocket in Sirt2. These changes at the dynamical and residual level, which impact the internal wiring significantly, might help in rationally designing selective inhibitors against Sirt1-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrityunjay Singh
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.,Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, DPSRU, M.B. Road, Pushp Vihar, Sector 3, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Mitul Srivastava
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Sharad R Wakode
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, DPSRU, M.B. Road, Pushp Vihar, Sector 3, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Shailendra Asthana
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
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22
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Manjula R, Anuja K, Alcain FJ. SIRT1 and SIRT2 Activity Control in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:585821. [PMID: 33597872 PMCID: PMC7883599 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.585821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+ dependent histone deacetylases (HDAC) that play a pivotal role in neuroprotection and cellular senescence. SIRT1-7 are different homologs from sirtuins. They play a prominent role in many aspects of physiology and regulate crucial proteins. Modulation of sirtuins can thus be utilized as a therapeutic target for metabolic disorders. Neurological diseases have distinct clinical manifestations but are mainly age-associated and due to loss of protein homeostasis. Sirtuins mediate several life extension pathways and brain functions that may allow therapeutic intervention for age-related diseases. There is compelling evidence to support the fact that SIRT1 and SIRT2 are shuttled between the nucleus and cytoplasm and perform context-dependent functions in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). In this review, we highlight the regulation of SIRT1 and SIRT2 in various neurological diseases. This study explores the various modulators that regulate the activity of SIRT1 and SIRT2, which may further assist in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. Moreover, we analyze the structure and function of various small molecules that have potential significance in modulating sirtuins, as well as the technologies that advance the targeted therapy of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramu Manjula
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kumari Anuja
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Francisco J. Alcain
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
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23
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Yeong KY, Berdigaliyev N, Chang Y. Sirtuins and Their Implications in Neurodegenerative Diseases from a Drug Discovery Perspective. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4073-4091. [PMID: 33280374 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are class III histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes that target both histone and non-histone substrates. They are linked to different brain functions and the regulation of different isoforms of these enzymes is touted to be an emerging therapy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The level of sirtuins affects brain health as many sirtuin-regulated pathways are responsible for the progression of NDs. Certain sirtuins are also implicated in aging, which is a risk factor for many NDs. In addition to SIRT1-3, it has been suggested that the less studied sirtuins (SIRT4-7) also play critical roles in brain health. This review delineates the role of each sirtuin isoform in NDs from a disease centric perspective and provides an up-to-date overview of sirtuin modulators and their potential use as therapeutics in these diseases. Furthermore, the future perspectives for sirtuin modulator development and their therapeutic application in neurodegeneration are outlined in detail, hence providing a research direction for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurken Berdigaliyev
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuin Chang
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College (TARUC), Jalan Genting Kelang, 53300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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24
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Yang W, Chen W, Su H, Li R, Song C, Wang Z, Yang L. Recent advances in the development of histone deacylase SIRT2 inhibitors. RSC Adv 2020; 10:37382-37390. [PMID: 35521274 PMCID: PMC9057128 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is an important and special member of the atypical histone deacetylase Sirtuin (SIRT) family. Due to its extensive catalytic effects, SIRT2 can regulate autophagy, myelination, immunity, inflammation and other physiological processes. Recent evidence revealed that dysregulation of human SIRT2 activity is associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of cancers, Parkinson's disease and other disorders; thus SIRT2 is a promising target for potential therapeutic intervention. This review presents a systematic summary of nine chemotypes of small-molecule SIRT2 inhibitors, particularly including the discovery and structural optimization strategies, which will be useful for future efforts to develop new inhibitors targeting SIRT2 and associated target proteins. This review presents a systematic summarization of nine chemotypes of small-molecule SIRT2 inhibitors, which will be useful for future efforts to develop new inhibitors targeting SIRT2 and associated target proteins.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University Chengdu 610039 China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University Chengdu 610039 China
| | - Huilin Su
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University Chengdu 610039 China
| | - Rong Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University Chengdu 610039 China
| | - Chen Song
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University Chengdu 610039 China
| | - Zhouyu Wang
- College of Science, Xihua University Sichuan 610039 China +86-28-87720552
| | - Lingling Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University Chengdu 610039 China
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Li X, Zhang J, Rong H, Zhang X, Dong M. Ferulic Acid Ameliorates MPP +/MPTP-Induced Oxidative Stress via ERK1/2-Dependent Nrf2 Activation: Translational Implications for Parkinson Disease Treatment. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2981-2995. [PMID: 32445087 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder closely associated with oxidative stress. The biochemical and cellular alterations that occur after cell and mouse treatment with the parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin MPP+/MPTP are remarkably similar to those observed in idiopathic PD. Previously, we showed that ferulic acid (FA) has antioxidant properties and the ability to activate nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The present study tested the hypothesis that FA attenuates MPP+/MPTP-induced oxidative stress by regulating crosstalk between sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) and Nrf2 pathways. To test this hypothesis, we performed in vitro and in vivo studies using MPP+/MPTP-challenged SH-SY5Y cells or mice treated with or not with FA. FA marginally inhibited SIRT2 in parallel with α-synuclein at levels of transcription and translation in SH-SY5Y cells challenged with MPP+. Moreover, FA attenuated MPP+-induced oxidative stress, as indicated by reactive oxygen species, lipid hydroperoxides, GSH/GSSG ratio, and NAD+/NADH ratio. Mechanistically, FA strongly upregulated the glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit and heme oxygenase-1 expression at the levels of transcription and translation. Interestingly, FA-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) activation contributed to nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 via de novo synthesis, which was validated by the use of dominant negative ERK2. Surprisingly, activation of the ERK1/2 and inhibition of SIRT2 by FA are mediated by independent mechanisms. Furthermore, FA ameliorated motor deficits and oxidative stress in the ventral midbrain in MPTP-treated (25 mg/kg, i.p., daily for 5 days) wild-type mice and α-synuclein knockout mice, but not in Nrf2 knockout mice. Collectively, FA exerts antioxidant effects through ERK1/2-mediated activation of the Nrf2 pathway, and these results may have important translational value for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, JianHua District, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hua Rong
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, JianHua District, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, JianHua District, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Miaoxian Dong
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, JianHua District, Qiqihar, 161006, China.
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26
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Correlation Between SIRT2 3'UTR Gene Polymorphism and the Susceptibility to Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:878-886. [PMID: 32124252 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation between single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the 3' end of the untranslated region (UTR) of Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) gene and the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), and to explore its underlying mechanisms. In total, 260 patients with AD and 260 healthy controls were recruited in this study. The genotype of rs2015 and rs2241703 loci of the SIRT2 gene was analyzed by Sanger sequencing for all participants. Quantitative real-time Polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze microRNAs (miRNAs) and SIRT2 mRNA levels. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression level of SIRT2 protein. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay and cell transfection were performed to examine the role of miRNAs in regulating SIRT2 expression. Carriers of the SIRT2 gene rs2015 locus A allele were 0.69 times less likely to develop AD than the carriers of the C allele (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59-0.80, p < 0.01). The carriers of the SIRT2 gene rs2241703 locus A allele were 1.43 times more likely to develop AD than the carriers of the G allele (95% CI: 1.23-1.61, p < 0.01). The rs2015 locus single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) affected the binding efficiency between miR-376a-5p and miR-8061 and the 3'UTR of the SIRT2 gene, and miR-376a-5p and miR-8061 bound to SIRT2 rs2015 A allele to down-regulate the expression of the SIRT2 protein. The rs2241703 SNP affected the binding efficiency between miR-486-3p and the 3'UTR of SIRT2 gene, and miR-486-3p bound to SIRT2 rs2241703 A allele to down-regulate SIRT2 protein expression. The SIRT2 gene rs2015 and rs2241703 loci SNPs are associated with the risk of AD. The rs2015 locus SNP affects regulation of miR-376a-5p and miR-8061 in SIRT2 expression and the rs2241703 locus SNP affects regulation of miR-486-3p in SIRT2, but further studies are needed to verify this mechanism.
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27
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Synthesis of certain benzothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives as a selective SIRT2 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 187:111926. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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28
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Zhang S, Liu F, Hou X, Cao J, Dai X, Yu J, Huang G. Synthesis of Novel Analogs of Thieno[2,3- d] Pyrimidin-4(3 H)-ones as Selective Inhibitors of Cancer Cell Growth. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E631. [PMID: 31640194 PMCID: PMC6843832 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
New 2,3-disubstituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones were synthesized via a one-pot reaction from 2H-thieno[2,3-d] [1,3]oxazine-2,4(1H)-diones, aromatic aldehydes, and benzylamine or 4-hydroxylbezylamine. The obtained compounds were tested in vitro for cancer cell growth inhibition. Compound 19 can inhibit all four types of tested cancer cells, i.e., MCF-7, A549, PC-9, and PC-3 cells. Most of the compounds inhibited the proliferation of A549 and MCF-7 cells. Compound 15 exhibited the strongest anti-proliferative effect against A549 cell lines with IC50 values of 0.94 μM, and with no toxicity to normal human liver cells. Its potency was further proved by cell clone formation assay, Hoechst 33258 staining, and evaluation on the effects of apoptosis-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Feize Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xueling Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Jianguo Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Xiling Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Junjie Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Guozheng Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 201418, China.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
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29
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Mellini P, Itoh Y, Elboray EE, Tsumoto H, Li Y, Suzuki M, Takahashi Y, Tojo T, Kurohara T, Miyake Y, Miura Y, Kitao Y, Kotoku M, Iida T, Suzuki T. Identification of Diketopiperazine-Containing 2-Anilinobenzamides as Potent Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2)-Selective Inhibitors Targeting the "Selectivity Pocket", Substrate-Binding Site, and NAD +-Binding Site. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5844-5862. [PMID: 31144814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT2 represents an attractive target for drug development. Here, we designed and synthesized drug-like SIRT2-selective inhibitors based on an analysis of the putative binding modes of recently reported SIRT2-selective inhibitors and evaluated their SIRT2-inhibitory activity. This led us to develop a more drug-like diketopiperazine structure as a "hydrogen bond (H-bond) hunter" to target the substrate-binding site of SIRT2. Thioamide 53, a conjugate of diketopiperazine and 2-anilinobenzamide which is expected to occupy the "selectivity pocket" of SIRT2, exhibited potent SIRT2-selective inhibition. Inhibition of SIRT2 by 53 was mediated by the formation of a 53-ADP-ribose conjugate, suggesting that 53 is a mechanism-based inhibitor targeting the "selectivity pocket", substrate-binding site, and NAD+-binding site. Furthermore, 53 showed potent antiproliferative activity toward breast cancer cells and promoted neurite outgrowth of Neuro-2a cells. These findings should pave the way for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents for cancer and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Mellini
- Graduate School of Medical Science , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823 , Japan
| | - Yukihiro Itoh
- Graduate School of Medical Science , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823 , Japan
| | - Elghareeb E Elboray
- Graduate School of Medical Science , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823 , Japan.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , South Valley University , Qena 83523 , Egypt
| | - Hiroki Tsumoto
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging , Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology , 35-2 Sakae-cho , Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015 , Japan
| | - Ying Li
- Graduate School of Medical Science , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823 , Japan
| | - Miki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Medical Science , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823 , Japan
| | - Yukari Takahashi
- Graduate School of Medical Science , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823 , Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tojo
- Graduate School of Medical Science , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823 , Japan
| | - Takashi Kurohara
- Graduate School of Medical Science , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823 , Japan
| | - Yuka Miyake
- Graduate School of Medical Science , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823 , Japan
| | - Yuri Miura
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging , Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology , 35-2 Sakae-cho , Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015 , Japan
| | - Yuki Kitao
- Graduate School of Medical Science , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823 , Japan
| | - Masayuki Kotoku
- Graduate School of Medical Science , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823 , Japan
| | - Tetsuya Iida
- Graduate School of Medical Science , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823 , Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Medical Science , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823 , Japan.,CREST , Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi , Saitama 332-0012 , Japan
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30
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Eren G, Bruno A, Guntekin-Ergun S, Cetin-Atalay R, Ozgencil F, Ozkan Y, Gozelle M, Kaya SG, Costantino G. Pharmacophore modeling and virtual screening studies to identify novel selective SIRT2 inhibitors. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 89:60-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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Swyter S, Schiedel M, Monaldi D, Szunyogh S, Lehotzky A, Rumpf T, Ovádi J, Sippl W, Jung M. New chemical tools for probing activity and inhibition of the NAD +-dependent lysine deacylase sirtuin 2. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0083. [PMID: 29685963 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent protein deacylases capable of cleaving off acetyl as well as other acyl groups from the ɛ-amino group of lysines in histones and other substrate proteins. They have been reported as promising drug targets, and thus modulators of their activity are needed as molecular tools to uncover their biological function and as potential therapeutics. Here, we present new assay formats that complement existing assays for sirtuin biochemistry and cellular target engagement. Firstly, we report the development of a homogeneous fluorescence-based activity assay using unlabelled acylated peptides. Upon deacylation, the free lysine residue reacts with fluorescamine to form a fluorophore. Secondly, using click chemistry with a TAMRA-azide on a propargylated sirtuin inhibitor, we prepared the first fluorescently labelled small-molecule inhibitor of Sirt2. This is used in a binding assay, which is based on fluorescence polarization. We used it successfully to map potential inhibitor-binding sites and also to show cellular Sirt2 engagement. By means of these new assays, we were able to identify and characterize novel Sirt2 inhibitors out of a focused library screen. The binding of the identified Sirt2 inhibitors was rationalized by molecular docking studies. These new chemical tools thus can enhance further sirtuin research.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Frontiers in epigenetic chemical biology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Swyter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Matthias Schiedel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Daria Monaldi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Sándor Szunyogh
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Lehotzky
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tobias Rumpf
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Judit Ovádi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Straße 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany .,Freiburg Institute of Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Ali EMH, Abdel-Maksoud MS, Oh CH. Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine as a promising scaffold in medicinal chemistry: Recent advances. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1159-1194. [PMID: 30826188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thienopyrimidine scaffold is a fused heterocyclic ring system that structurally can be considered as adenine, the purine base that is found in both DNA and RNA-bioisosteres. Thienopyrimidines exist in three distinct isomeric forms. The current review discusses thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine as a one of the opulent heterocycles in drug discovery. Its broad range of medical applications such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and CNS protective agents has inspired us to study its structure-activity relationship (SAR), along with its relevant synthetic strategies. The present review briefly summarizes synthetic approaches for the preparation of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives. In addition, the promising biological activities of this scaffold are also illustrated with explanatory diagrams for their SAR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam M H Ali
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed S Abdel-Maksoud
- Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Chang-Hyun Oh
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Shi T, Kaneko L, Sandino M, Busse R, Zhang M, Mason D, Machulis J, Ambrose AJ, Zhang DD, Chapman E. One-Step Synthesis of Thieno[2,3- d]pyrimidin-4(3 H)-ones via a Catalytic Four-Component Reaction of Ketones, Ethyl Cyanoacetate, S 8 and Formamide. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2019; 7:1524-1528. [PMID: 31754553 PMCID: PMC6871654 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b05276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones are important pharmacophores that previously required a three step synthesis with two chromatography steps. We herein report a green approach to the synthesis of this pharmacologically important class of compounds via a catalytic four-component reaction using a ketone, ethyl cyanoacetate, S8 and formamide. The reported reaction is characterized by step economy, reduced catalyst loading and easy purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoda Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, the University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson,
Arizona 85721
| | - Lynn Kaneko
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, the University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson,
Arizona 85721
| | - Michael Sandino
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, the University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson,
Arizona 85721
| | - Ryan Busse
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, the University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson,
Arizona 85721
| | - Mae Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, the University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson,
Arizona 85721
| | - Damian Mason
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, the University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson,
Arizona 85721
| | - Jason Machulis
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, the University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson,
Arizona 85721
| | - Andrew J. Ambrose
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, the University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson,
Arizona 85721
| | - Donna D. Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, the University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson,
Arizona 85721
| | - Eli Chapman
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, the University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson,
Arizona 85721
- Corresponding Author: E. Chapman:
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Wang SL, Wang ZF, Qin QP, Tan MX, Luo DM, Zou BQ, Liu YC. A 9‑chloro‑5,6,7,8‑tetrahydroacridine Pt(II) complex induces apoptosis of Hep‑G2 cells via inhibiting telomerase activity and disrupting mitochondrial pathway. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Harrison IF, Powell NM, Dexter DT. The histone deacetylase inhibitor nicotinamide exacerbates neurodegeneration in the lactacystin rat model of Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 2018; 148:136-156. [PMID: 30269333 PMCID: PMC6487684 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Histone hypoacetylation is associated with dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD), because of an imbalance in the activities of the enzymes responsible for histone (de)acetylation. Correction of this imbalance, with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibiting agents, could be neuroprotective. We therefore hypothesize that nicotinamide, being a selective inhibitor of HDAC class III as well as having modulatory effects on mitochondrial energy metabolism, would be neuroprotective in the lactacystin rat model of PD, which recapitulates the formation of neurotoxic accumulation of altered proteins within the substantia nigra to cause progressive dopaminergic cell death. Rats received nicotinamide for 28 days, starting 7 days after unilateral injection of the irreversible proteasome inhibitor, lactacystin, into the substantia nigra. Longitudinal motor behavioural testing and structural magnetic resonance imaging were used to track changes in this model of PD, and assessment of nigrostriatal integrity, histone acetylation and brain gene expression changes post-mortem used to quantify nicotinamide-induced neuroprotection. Counterintuitively, nicotinamide dose-dependently exacerbated neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons, behavioural deficits and structural brain changes in the lactacystin-lesioned rat. Nicotinamide treatment induced histone hyperacetylation and over-expression of numerous neurotrophic and anti-apoptotic factors in the brain, yet failed to result in neuroprotection, rather exacerbated dopaminergic pathology. These findings highlight the importance of inhibitor specificity within HDAC isoforms for therapeutic efficacy in PD, demonstrating the contrasting effects of HDAC class III inhibition upon cell survival in this animal model of the disease. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian F Harrison
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.,Parkinson's Disease Research Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas M Powell
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.,Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK
| | - David T Dexter
- Parkinson's Disease Research Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Imperial College London, London, UK
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An overview of Sirtuins as potential therapeutic target: Structure, function and modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 161:48-77. [PMID: 30342425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin (Yeast Silent Information RegulatorsⅡ, Sir2) was first discovered in the 1970s. Because of its function by removing acetylated groups from histones in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), waves of research have assessed the potential of Sirtuin as a therapeutic target. The Sirtuin family, which is widely distributed throughout the nature, has been divided into seven human isoforms (Sirt1-Sirt7). They are thought to be closely related to some aging diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, neurodegeneration, and tumors. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of the structure, function and modulators of Sirtuins, which is expected to be beneficial to relevant studies.
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Itoh Y. Chemical Protein Degradation Approach and its Application to Epigenetic Targets. CHEM REC 2018; 18:1681-1700. [PMID: 29893461 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In addition to traditional drugs, such as enzyme inhibitors, receptor agonists/antagonists, and protein-protein interaction inhibitors as well as genetic technology, such as RNA interference and the CRISPR/Cas9 system, protein knockdown approaches using proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have attracted much attention. PROTACs, which induce selective degradation of their target protein via the ubiquitin-proteasome system, are useful for the down-regulation of various proteins, including disease-related proteins and epigenetic proteins. Recent reports have shown that chemical protein knockdown is possible not only in cells, but also in vivo and this approach is expected to be used as the therapeutic strategy for several diseases. Thus, this approach may be a significant technique to complement traditional drugs and genetic ablation and will be more widely used for drug discovery and chemical biology studies in the future. In this personal account, a history of chemical protein knockdown is introduced, and its features, recent progress in the epigenetics field, and future outlooks are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Itoh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-0823, Japan
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SIRT1 activation with neuroheal is neuroprotective but SIRT2 inhibition with AK7 is detrimental for disconnected motoneurons. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:531. [PMID: 29748539 PMCID: PMC5945655 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity is neuroprotective, and we have recently demonstrated its role in the retrograde degenerative process in motoneurons (MNs) in the spinal cord of rats after peripheral nerve root avulsion (RA) injury. SIRT2 has been suggested to exert effects opposite those of SIRT1; however, its roles in neurodegeneration and neuron response after nerve injury remain unclear. Here we compared the neuroprotective potentials of SIRT1 activation and SIRT2 inhibition in a mouse model of hypoglossal nerve axotomy. This injury induced a reduction of around half MN population within the hypoglossal nucleus by a non-apoptotic neurodegenerative process triggered by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that resulted in activation of the unfolded protein response mediated by IRE1α and XBP1 by 21 days post injury. Both SIRT1 activation with NeuroHeal and SIRT2 inhibition with AK7 protected NSC-34 motor neuron-like cells against ER stress in vitro. In agreement with the in vitro results, NeuroHeal treatment or SIRT1 overexpression was neuroprotective of axotomized hypoglossal MNs in a transgenic mouse model. In contrast, AK7 treatment or SIRT2 genetic depletion in mice inhibited damaged MN survival. To resolve the in vitro/in vivo discrepancies, we used an organotypic spinal cord culture system that preserves glial cells. In this system, AK7 treatment of ER-stressed organotypic cultures was detrimental for MNs and increased microglial nuclear factor-κB and the consequent transcription of cytotoxic pro-inflammatory factors similarly. The results highlight the importance of glial cells in determining the neuroprotective impact of any treatment.
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Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT) are coenzyme NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases for the transfer of modified acetyl groups. Sirtuins are widely involved in various physiological processes and therefore associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, cancer and beyond. Consequently, the development of modulators for sirtuins has considerable clinical value. To date, a variety of SIRT1/2 inhibitors have been reported and none has been approved for the market. This review summarizes the recent progress in the discovery and development of SIRT1/2 inhibitors including their inhibitory potency, structure–activity relationship and binding mode analysis as well as discusses the perspective for the future development of SIRT1/2 inhibitors.
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40
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Sirtuins as Modifiers of Huntington's Disease (HD) Pathology. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 154:105-145. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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41
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Harrison IF, Smith AD, Dexter DT. Pathological histone acetylation in Parkinson's disease: Neuroprotection and inhibition of microglial activation through SIRT 2 inhibition. Neurosci Lett 2017; 666:48-57. [PMID: 29273397 PMCID: PMC5821898 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s is associated with Braak dependent histone hyperacetylation in the SNpc. SNpc SIRT 2 expression remains relatively stable with disease progression. Degenerating dopaminergic neurons in vitro exhibit histone hypoacetylation. Activated microglia in vitro exhibit histone hyperacetylation. Pharmacological SIRT 2 inhibition reduces neurodegeneration and microglial activation.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with degeneration of nigrostriatal neurons due to intracytoplasmic inclusions composed predominantly of a synaptic protein called α-synuclein. Accumulations of α-synuclein are thought to ‘mask’ acetylation sites on histone proteins, inhibiting the action of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) enzymes in their equilibrium with histone deacetylases (HDACs), thus deregulating the dynamic control of gene transcription. It is therefore hypothesised that the misbalance in the actions of HATs/HDACs in neurodegeneration can be rectified with the use of HDAC inhibitors, limiting the deregulation of transcription and aiding neuronal homeostasis and neuroprotection in disorders such as PD. Here we quantify histone acetylation in the Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in the brains of control, early and late stage PD cases to determine if histone acetylation is a function of disease progression. PD development is associated with Braak-dependent increases in histone acetylation. Concurrently, we show that as expected disease progression is associated with reduced markers of dopaminergic neurons and increased markers of activated microglia. We go on to demonstrate that in vitro, degenerating dopaminergic neurons exhibit histone hypoacetylation whereas activated microglia exhibit histone hyperacetylation. This suggests that the disease-dependent increase in histone acetylation observed in human PD cases is likely a combination of the contributions of both degenerating dopaminergic neurons and infiltrating activated microglia. The HDAC SIRT 2 has become increasingly implicated as a novel target for mediation of neuroprotection in PD: the neuronal and microglial specific effects of its inhibition however remain unclear. We demonstrate that SIRT 2 expression in the SNpc of PD brains remains relatively unchanged from controls and that SIRT 2 inhibition, via AGK2 treatment of neuronal and microglial cultures, results in neuroprotection of dopaminergic neurons and reduced activation of microglial cells. Taken together, here we demonstrate that histone acetylation is disease-dependently altered in PD, likely due the effects of dopaminergic neurodegeneration and microglial infiltration; yet SIRT 2 remains relatively unaltered with disease. Given the stable nature of SIRT 2 expression with disease and the effects of SIRT 2 inhibitor treatment on degenerating dopaminergic neurons and activated microglia detected in vitro, SIRT 2 inhibitors warrant further investigation as potential therapeutics for the treatment of the PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian F Harrison
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; Parkinson's Disease Research Group, Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Andrew D Smith
- Parkinson's Disease Research Group, Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - David T Dexter
- Parkinson's Disease Research Group, Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
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Yao S, Fan LYN, Lam EWF. The FOXO3-FOXM1 axis: A key cancer drug target and a modulator of cancer drug resistance. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 50:77-89. [PMID: 29180117 PMCID: PMC6565931 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The FOXO3 and FOXM1 forkhead box transcription factors, functioning downstream of the essential PI3K-Akt, Ras-ERK and JNK/p38MAPK signalling cascades, are crucial for cell proliferation, differentiation, cell survival, senescence, DNA damage repair and cell cycle control. The development of resistance to both conventional and newly emerged molecularly targeted therapies is a major challenge confronting current cancer treatment in the clinic. Intriguingly, the mechanisms of resistance to ‘classical’ cytotoxic chemotherapeutics and to molecularly targeted therapies are invariably linked to deregulated signalling through the FOXO3 and FOXM1 transcription factors. This is owing to the involvement of FOXO3 and FOXM1 in the regulation of genes linked to crucial drug action-related cellular processes, including stem cell renewal, DNA repair, cell survival, drug efflux, and deregulated mitosis. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating the FOXO3-FOXM1 axis, as well as their downstream transcriptional targets and functions, may render these proteins reliable and early diagnostic/prognostic factors as well as crucial therapeutic targets for cancer treatment and importantly, for overcoming chemotherapeutic drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Yao
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lavender Yuen-Nam Fan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Eric Wing-Fai Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK.
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Decreased Sirtuin Deacetylase Activity in LRRK2 G2019S iPSC-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1839-1852. [PMID: 29129681 PMCID: PMC5785678 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial changes have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The glycine to serine mutation (G2019S) in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is the most common genetic cause for PD and has been shown to impair mitochondrial function and morphology in multiple model systems. We analyzed mitochondrial function in LRRK2 G2019S induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons to determine whether the G2019S mutation elicits similar mitochondrial deficits among central and peripheral nervous system neuron subtypes. LRRK2 G2019S iPSC-derived dopaminergic neuron cultures displayed unique abnormalities in mitochondrial distribution and trafficking, which corresponded to reduced sirtuin deacetylase activity and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels despite increased sirtuin levels. These data indicate that mitochondrial deficits in the context of LRRK2 G2019S are not a global phenomenon and point to distinct sirtuin and bioenergetic deficiencies intrinsic to dopaminergic neurons, which may underlie dopaminergic neuron loss in PD. LRRK2 G2019S iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons have unique mitochondrial defects LRRK2 G2019S dopaminergic neurons have increased sirtuin levels but reduced activity LRRK2 G2019S dopaminergic neurons have reduced NAD+ levels compared with other neurons
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Nie LF, Bozorov K, Niu C, Huang G, Aisa HA. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel sulfonamide derivatives of tricyclic thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones on melanin synthesis in murine B16 cells. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-3023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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Wilding B, Klempier N. Newest Developments in the Preparation of Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2017.1320513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Wilding
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - N. Klempier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Schiedel M, Herp D, Hammelmann S, Swyter S, Lehotzky A, Robaa D, Oláh J, Ovádi J, Sippl W, Jung M. Chemically Induced Degradation of Sirtuin 2 (Sirt2) by a Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) Based on Sirtuin Rearranging Ligands (SirReals). J Med Chem 2017; 61:482-491. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schiedel
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße
25, 79104 Freiburg
im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Daniel Herp
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße
25, 79104 Freiburg
im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Sören Hammelmann
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße
25, 79104 Freiburg
im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Sören Swyter
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße
25, 79104 Freiburg
im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Attila Lehotzky
- Institute
of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, H 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dina Robaa
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Straße
4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Judit Oláh
- Institute
of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, H 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Ovádi
- Institute
of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, H 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Straße
4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße
25, 79104 Freiburg
im Breisgau, Germany
- Freiburg
Institute of Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Albertstraße
19, 79104 Freiburg
im Breisgau, Germany
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Huang S, Song C, Wang X, Zhang G, Wang Y, Jiang X, Sun Q, Huang L, Xiang R, Hu Y, Li L, Yang S. Discovery of New SIRT2 Inhibitors by Utilizing a Consensus Docking/Scoring Strategy and Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:669-679. [PMID: 28301150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.6b00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
SIRT2, which is a NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) dependent deacetylase, has been demonstrated to play an important role in the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases such as cancer, ischemia-reperfusion, and neurodegenerative diseases. Small molecule inhibitors of SIRT2 are thought to be potential interfering agents for relevant diseases. Discovery of SIRT2 inhibitors has attracted much attention recently. In this investigation, we adopted a consensus docking/scoring strategy to screen for novel SIRT2 inhibitors. Structural optimization and structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis were then carried out on highly potent compounds with new scaffolds, which led to the discovery of 2-((5-benzyl-5H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-yl)thio)-N-(naphthalen-1-yl)acetamide (SR86). This compound showed good activity against SIRT2 with an IC50 value of 1.3 μM. SR86 did not exhibit activity against SIRT1 and SIRT3, implying a good selectivity for SIRT2. In in vitro cellular assays, SR86 displayed very good antiviability activity against breast cancer cell line MCF-7. In Western blot assays, SR86 showed considerable activity in blocking the deacetylation of α-tubulin, which is a typical substrate of SIRT2. Collectively, because of the new scaffold structure and good selectivity of SR86, it could serve as a promising lead compound, hence deserving further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenzhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chunli Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaojuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qizheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Luyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yiguo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Linli Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Moniot S, Forgione M, Lucidi A, Hailu GS, Nebbioso A, Carafa V, Baratta F, Altucci L, Giacché N, Passeri D, Pellicciari R, Mai A, Steegborn C, Rotili D. Development of 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of the Human Deacetylase Sirtuin 2: Structure–Activity Relationship, X-ray Crystal Structure, and Anticancer Activity. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2344-2360. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Moniot
- Department
of Biochemistry and Research Center for Bio-Macromolecules, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mariantonietta Forgione
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro
5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Center
for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena, 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Lucidi
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro
5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gebremedhin S. Hailu
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro
5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department
of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Vico L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carafa
- Department
of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Vico L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Baratta
- Department
of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Vico L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department
of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Vico L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Giacché
- TES Pharma S.r.l., Via P. Togliatti 20, 06073 Corciano, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Passeri
- TES Pharma S.r.l., Via P. Togliatti 20, 06073 Corciano, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Antonello Mai
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro
5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department
of Biochemistry and Research Center for Bio-Macromolecules, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro
5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Sundriyal S, Moniot S, Mahmud Z, Yao S, Di Fruscia P, Reynolds CR, Dexter DT, Sternberg MJE, Lam EWF, Steegborn C, Fuchter MJ. Thienopyrimidinone Based Sirtuin-2 (SIRT2)-Selective Inhibitors Bind in the Ligand Induced Selectivity Pocket. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1928-1945. [PMID: 28135086 PMCID: PMC6014686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are NAD-dependent deacylases, known to be involved in a variety of pathophysiological processes and thus remain promising therapeutic targets for further validation. Previously, we reported a novel thienopyrimidinone SIRT2 inhibitor with good potency and excellent selectivity for SIRT2. Herein, we report an extensive SAR study of this chemical series and identify the key pharmacophoric elements and physiochemical properties that underpin the excellent activity observed. New analogues have been identified with submicromolar SIRT2 inhibtory activity and good to excellent SIRT2 subtype-selectivity. Importantly, we report a cocrystal structure of one of our compounds (29c) bound to SIRT2. This reveals our series to induce the formation of a previously reported selectivity pocket but to bind in an inverted fashion to what might be intuitively expected. We believe these findings will contribute significantly to an understanding of the mechanism of action of SIRT2 inhibitors and to the identification of refined, second generation inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sundriyal
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Sébastien Moniot
- Department of Biochemistry, University
of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Zimam Mahmud
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.
| | - Shang Yao
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.
| | - Paolo Di Fruscia
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | | | - David T. Dexter
- Centre for Neuroinflammation & Neurodegeneration,
Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College
London, London W12 0NN, U.K.
| | | | - Eric W.-F. Lam
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K.
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of Biochemistry, University
of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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50
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de Oliveira RM, Vicente Miranda H, Francelle L, Pinho R, Szegö ÉM, Martinho R, Munari F, Lázaro DF, Moniot S, Guerreiro P, Fonseca L, Marijanovic Z, Antas P, Gerhardt E, Enguita FJ, Fauvet B, Penque D, Pais TF, Tong Q, Becker S, Kügler S, Lashuel HA, Steegborn C, Zweckstetter M, Outeiro TF. The mechanism of sirtuin 2-mediated exacerbation of alpha-synuclein toxicity in models of Parkinson disease. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2000374. [PMID: 28257421 PMCID: PMC5336201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2000374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin genes have been associated with aging and are known to affect multiple cellular pathways. Sirtuin 2 was previously shown to modulate proteotoxicity associated with age-associated neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer and Parkinson disease (PD). However, the precise molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here, we provide mechanistic insight into the interplay between sirtuin 2 and α-synuclein, the major component of the pathognomonic protein inclusions in PD and other synucleinopathies. We found that α-synuclein is acetylated on lysines 6 and 10 and that these residues are deacetylated by sirtuin 2. Genetic manipulation of sirtuin 2 levels in vitro and in vivo modulates the levels of α-synuclein acetylation, its aggregation, and autophagy. Strikingly, mutants blocking acetylation exacerbate α-synuclein toxicity in vivo, in the substantia nigra of rats. Our study identifies α-synuclein acetylation as a key regulatory mechanism governing α-synuclein aggregation and toxicity, demonstrating the potential therapeutic value of sirtuin 2 inhibition in synucleinopathies. Parkinson disease is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons from a region in the brain known as the substantia nigra and by the accumulation of the protein alpha-synuclein in intracellular clumps called inclusions. Whether these inclusions are the cause or a consequence of the pathological processes is still unclear. Sirtuin proteins are considered master regulators of the ageing process and have previously been associated with neurodegeneration. In this study, we investigated the interplay between sirtuin 2 and alpha-synuclein in order to dissect the molecular mechanisms associated with protection against alpha-synuclein toxicity. We found that sirtuin 2 interacted with and removed acetyl groups from alpha-synuclein. By decreasing the levels of sirtuin 2, or by expressing mutant versions of alpha-synuclein that modulate its acetylation status, we found that acetylation reduces the aggregation of alpha-synuclein and its cytotoxicity in vitro. Next, we evaluated whether genetic inhibition of sirtuin 2 could prevent the deleterious effects of alpha-synuclein in vivo and found that, in two different models of Parkinson disease, deletion of sirtuin 2 was neuroprotective. Our data therefore suggest that strategies aimed at decreasing sirtuin 2 activity might prove valuable therapeutic avenues for intervention in Parkinson disease and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Machado de Oliveira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo Vicente Miranda
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Laetitia Francelle
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Raquel Pinho
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Éva M. Szegö
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Renato Martinho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francesca Munari
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Diana F. Lázaro
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sébastien Moniot
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Patrícia Guerreiro
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Luis Fonseca
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zrinka Marijanovic
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Antas
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ellen Gerhardt
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Francisco Javier Enguita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno Fauvet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Penque
- Laboratório de Proteómica, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Faria Pais
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Qiang Tong
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Stefan Becker
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kügler
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hilal Ahmed Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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