1
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Williamson M, Press DJ, Hansen SA, Tomar A, Jhuti GS, Revil C, Gururaj K. Population-level impact of adjuvant trastuzumab emtansine on the incidence of metastatic breast cancer: an epidemiological prediction model of women with HER2-positive early breast cancer and residual disease following neoadjuvant therapy. Breast Cancer 2024; 31:84-95. [PMID: 37907759 PMCID: PMC10764576 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-023-01514-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Treating early-stage breast cancer (eBC) may delay or prevent subsequent metastatic breast cancer (mBC). In the phase 3 KATHERINE study, women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive eBC with residual disease following neoadjuvant therapy containing trastuzumab and a taxane experienced 50% reductions in disease recurrence or death when treated with adjuvant trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) vs adjuvant trastuzumab. We predicted the population-level impact of adjuvant T-DM1 on mBC occurrence in five European countries (EU5) and Canada from 2021-2030. METHODS An epidemiological prediction model using data from national cancer registries, observational studies, and clinical trials was developed. Assuming 80% population-level uptake of adjuvant treatment, KATHERINE data were extrapolated prospectively to model projections. Robustness was evaluated in alternative scenarios. RESULTS We projected an eligible population of 116,335 women in Canada and the EU5 who may be diagnosed with HER2-positive eBC and have residual disease following neoadjuvant therapy from 2021-2030. In EU5, the cumulative number of women projected to experience relapsed mBC over the 10-year study period was 36,009 vs 27,143 under adjuvant trastuzumab vs T-DM1, a difference of 8,866 women, equivalent to 25% fewer cases with the use of adjuvant T-DM1 in EU5 countries from 2021-2030. Findings were similar for Canada. CONCLUSION Our models predicted greater reductions in the occurrence of relapsed mBC with adjuvant T-DM1 vs trastuzumab in the indicated populations in EU5 and Canada. Introduction of T-DM1 has the potential to reduce population-level disease burden of HER2-positive mBC in the geographies studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mellissa Williamson
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA.
| | - David J Press
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Cedric Revil
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
- Merck Sharp and Dohme, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kolarova I, Melichar B, Vanasek J, Ryska A, Horackova K, Petera J, Vosmik M, Sirak I, Dolezel M. Controversies of radiotherapy in human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2 positive breast cancer patients. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2021; 165:19-25. [PMID: 33542544 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2021.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor biology plays a crucial role in the systemic treatment, specifically in HER2-positive tumors. Distinct biological behavior of breast cancer subtypes is associated with different rates of locoregional recurrence (LRR). HER2- positive breast cancer patients treated with surgery in combination with radiation, without trastuzumab have poor outcome, including high LRR. The efficacy of radiotherapy in HER-2-positive breast cancer appears to be associated with the expression of estrogen receptors. In patients with HER-2-positive breast cancer, studies conducted before the introduction of trastuzumab indicated higher benefit of adjuvant radiation in patients with hormone receptor-positive tumors compared to patients with tumors not expressing hormone receptors. The introduction of agents targeting HER-2 has transformed the management of these patients, resulting in improved outcomes. The data of clinical studies show that the administration of trastuzumab as part of a multimodality approach (with radiation based on standard guidelines) results in improved outcomes, including lower locoregional recurrence. The risk of cardiac toxicity associated with radiation to the heart and administration of potential cardiotoxic trastuzumab is not clear. In patients treated concomitantly with regional lymph node irradiation and anti-HER-2 agents after prior anthracycline-based chemotherapy minimizing the dose to the myocardium, e.g. respiratory gating or proton beam radiotherapy, have been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Kolarova
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Health Studies, Pardubice University, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Melichar
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Vanasek
- Faculty of Health Studies, Pardubice University, Pardubice, Czech Republic.,Oncology Centre, Multiscan, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Ryska
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University Medical Faculty and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Horackova
- Faculty of Health Studies, Pardubice University, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Petera
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Vosmik
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Sirak
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dolezel
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Sun GY, Jing H, Wang SL, Song YW, Jin J, Fang H, Liu YP, Ren H, Tang Y, Zhao XR, Song YC, Chen SY, Yang ZB, Chen B, Tang Y, Li N, Lu NN, Qi SN, Yang Y, Li YX. Trastuzumab Provides a Comparable Prognosis in Patients With HER2-Positive Breast Cancer to Those With HER2-Negative Breast Cancer: Post Hoc Analyses of a Randomized Controlled Trial of Post-Mastectomy Hypofractionated Radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 10:605750. [PMID: 33575216 PMCID: PMC7871908 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.605750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose We investigated the locoregional effect of trastuzumab, and determined whether patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)2-positive breast cancer (BC) treated with trastuzumab could achieve comparable efficacy to that of patients with HER2-negative BC. Materials and Methods This was post hoc analyses of data of 793 BC patients from a randomized controlled trial comparing post-mastectomy hypofractionated radiotherapy with conventional fractionated radiotherapy. Survival rates were analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. Results Patients were classified into three groups: HER2-negative (HER2−; n = 547), HER2-positve with trastuzumab (HER2+ + T; n = 136), and HER2-positive without trastuzumab (HER2+ − T; n = 110). The HER2+ + T group had significantly lower locoregional recurrence (LRR, 6.0% vs. 13.9%), distant metastasis (DM, 17.4% vs. 33.8%) and higher disease-free survival (DFS, 81.2% vs. 61.9%) at 5 years than that of the HER2+ − T group (P <.05). The HER2− group had significantly lower LRR (6.8% vs. 13.9%), DM (22.4% vs. 33.8%) and higher DFS (76.1% vs. 61.9%) at 5 years than that of the HER2+ − T group (P <.05). The difference in LRR, DM and DFS at 5 years was not significant between the HER2+ + T group and HER2− group (P >.05). Different annual LRR patterns was found among groups according to HR status. Conclusion Trastuzumab reduces LRR in patients with locally advanced HER2-positive BC who have received post-mastectomy radiotherapy. It provides comparable DFS to that with patients with HER2-negative BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yi Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Jing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Lian Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Wen Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Ping Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Ran Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Chun Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Ye Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuan-Bo Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning-Ning Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Nan Qi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ye-Xiong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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4
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Cheun JH, Won J, Jung JG, Kim HK, Han W, Lee HB. Impact of Trastuzumab on Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Recurrence for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Breast Cancer after Breast-Conserving Surgery. J Breast Cancer 2021; 24:301-314. [PMID: 34190441 PMCID: PMC8250103 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2021.24.e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Trastuzumab is effective in early and advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. However, few studies have reported the effect of trastuzumab on ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR), whose incidence is higher in the HER2-positive subtype than in other subtypes. Methods We retrospectively investigated 959 patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery (BCS), chemotherapy, and radiotherapy for HER2-positive breast cancer between 2000 and 2017. IBTR was compared between the patients who received neoadjuvant or adjuvant trastuzumab (Tmab group) for a total duration of 1 year and those who received no trastuzumab (N-Tmab group). Results Propensity score matching designated 426 and 142 patients in the Tmab and N-Tmab groups, respectively. The median follow-up period for all patients after matching was 73.79 months. The IBTR-free survival rate was significantly higher in the Tmab group than in the N-Tmab group (10-year IBTR-free survival rate, 92.9% vs. 87.3%; p = 0.002). The multivariate analysis showed a significant association between the N-Tmab and Tmab group (hazard ratio, 3.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–8.59) and IBTR in addition to close or positive resection margin and hormone receptor (HR) positivity. The subgroup analysis showed that adjuvant treatment with trastuzumab significantly reduced IBTR among the patients with HR-negative or lymph node-negative breast cancer. Conclusion Significantly reduced IBTR after BCS was observed in the patients who received 1 year of adjuvant/neoadjuvant trastuzumab treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ho Cheun
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Won
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Gwang Jung
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonshik Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Byoel Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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5
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Kirova YM, Loap P, Fourquet A. Benefit of Post Mastectomy Radiation Therapy (PMRT) in Node-Positive, HER2-Positive Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Anti-HER2 Treatments. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 106:511-513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Effects of trastuzumab on locoregional recurrence in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressing breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 172:619-626. [PMID: 30209731 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4966-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present study, the ability of adjuvant trastuzumab to reduce locoregional recurrence in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-overexpressing breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively included 520 patients with HER2-overexpressing breast cancer who received surgery followed by adjuvant RT and cytotoxic chemotherapy from 2003 to 2011. Adjuvant trastuzumab was administered to 286 patients. Propensity score matching was conducted to compare trastuzumab-treated and non-treated cohorts. RESULTS Median follow-up duration was 7.1 years (range 1.1-14.1 years). Propensity score matching yielded 171 matched pairs of patients with no significantly different clinical factors. An improved 7-year locoregional control (LRC) rate was observed in the trastuzumab-treated cohort compared with the non-treated cohort (95.6% vs. 89.9%, p = 0.014). Based on multivariate analysis, hormone receptor negativity (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.348, p = 0.007), positive lymph node ratio > 0.25 (HR = 2.549, p = 0.040), and lack of adjuvant trastuzumab (HR = 3.401, p = 0.017) were identified as significant risk factors for poor LRC. Adjuvant trastuzumab significantly reduced the locoregional recurrence rate in patients with one or two risk factors (7-year LRC = 95.0% vs. 84.2%, p = 0.007); however, the benefit of adjuvant trastuzumab was non-significant in patients with no risk factors (7-year LRC = 95.8% vs. 97.9%, p = 0.75). CONCLUSIONS Adjuvant trastuzumab improved LRC in patients with HER2-overexpressing breast cancer receiving adjuvant RT and cytotoxic chemotherapy, especially in hormone receptor-negative, HER2-enriched subtype, and high positive lymph node ratio breast cancer.
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7
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Horton JK, Jagsi R, Woodward WA, Ho A. Breast Cancer Biology: Clinical Implications for Breast Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 100:23-37. [PMID: 29254776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Historically, prognosis and treatment decision making for breast cancer patients have been dictated by the anatomic extent of tumor spread. However, in recent years, "breast cancer" has proven to be a collection of unique phenotypes with distinct prognoses, patterns of failure, and treatment responses. Recent advances in biologically based assays and targeted therapies designed to exploit these unique phenotypes have profoundly altered systemic therapy practice patterns and treatment outcomes. Data associating locoregional outcomes with tumor biology are emerging. However, the likelihood of obtaining level I evidence for fundamental radiation therapy questions within each of the specific subtypes in the immediate future is low. As such, this review aims to summarize the existing data and provide practical context for the incorporation of breast tumor biology into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet K Horton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Reshma Jagsi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Wendy A Woodward
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alice Ho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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8
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McGuire A, Lowery AJ, Kell MR, Kerin MJ, Sweeney KJ. Locoregional Recurrence Following Breast Cancer Surgery in the Trastuzumab Era: A Systematic Review by Subtype. Ann Surg Oncol 2017; 24:3124-3132. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-017-6021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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White J. New Approaches for Tailoring the Use of Radiotherapy in Early-Stage Breast Cancer. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-017-0240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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McGuire A, Kalinina O, Holian E, Curran C, Malone CA, McLaughlin R, Lowery A, Brown JAL, Kerin MJ. Differential impact of hormone receptor status on survival and recurrence for HER2 receptor-positive breast cancers treated with Trastuzumab. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 164:221-229. [PMID: 28378298 PMCID: PMC5487720 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hormone receptor status has major implications for treatment and survival of breast cancer. Yet the impact of hormone receptor status on outcome after Trastuzumab has received little attention. The objective here was to explore any differential effects of Trastuzumab treatment (Trast +ve) on Luminal B HER2 or HER2+(ER-) breast cancer subtypes. METHODS A cohort of 469 HER2 receptor-positive breast cancers was categorised by molecular subtype and Trastuzumab treatment. Effects of Trastuzumab treatment on survival, locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis were investigated by subtype, using univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Trast +ve Luminal B HER2 patients had significant improvements in 5-year DFS (p < 0.001) and OS (p < 0.001), while Trast +ve HER2+(ER-) patients had significant improvements in 5-year DFS (p = 0.012) alone. Only Trast +ve Luminal B HER2 cancers displayed a significant reduction in LRR rates (p < 0.001). A significant reduction in distant metastasis rates was seen in Trast +ve Luminal B HER2 (p < 0.001) and HER2+(ER-) (p = 0.009) cancers. Interestingly, bone metastasis rates in Trast +ve Luminal B HER2 cancers demonstrated the greatest reduction (36.2-6.7%). Multivariate analysis of Trast +ve patients found no difference in distant metastasis rates (p = 0.96) between subtypes. Significantly, lower LRR rates were seen in Trast +ve Luminal B HER2 cancers, compared to Trast +ve HER2+(ER-) (p = 0.018). CONCLUSION An enhanced response to Trastuzumab was seen in Luminal B HER2 cancers. We highlight how Trastuzumab treatment changed the natural history of the HER2 receptor-positive breast cancer, demonstrating improved efficacy in changing the outcome of hormone receptor-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew McGuire
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Olga Kalinina
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Emma Holian
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Catherine Curran
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Carmel A Malone
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ray McLaughlin
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aoife Lowery
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - James A L Brown
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Michael J Kerin
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Mamtani
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065;
| | - Monica Morrow
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065;
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12
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Tsoutsou PG, Vozenin MC, Durham AD, Bourhis J. How could breast cancer molecular features contribute to locoregional treatment decision making? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 110:43-48. [PMID: 28109404 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic treatments are tailored to breast cancer (BC) heterogeneity, which is not yet taken into account for radiotherapy (RT) personalization. The primary objective of this review is to summarize existing data suggesting BC subtypes and genetic assays are prognostic and predictive biomarkers useful for RT decision-making and to provide implications for their incorporation into future translational and clinical research. The evidence suggesting that BC subtypes also exhibit distinct "locoregional recurrence (LRR)" patterns is retrospective but consistent and validated in over fifteen studies. The HER-2 positive and triple negative subtypes are the most susceptible to locoregional failure. The high risk of the HER-2 positive subtype can be reversed with trastuzumab administration. Very little is known on the subtypes' intrinsic radiosensitivity properties. Genetic assays have assessed retrospectively signatures' prognostic and predictive value in patients' cohorts (several coming from prospective studies) for LRR risk and radiotherapy (RT) benefit. Further confirmation is needed before their introduction into clinical routine. Evidence on the use of molecular biomarkers for adjuvant RT tailoring is emerging but needs validation and introduction into prospective studies. The plethora of modern RT options (partial breast irradiation, hypofractionation), as well as recent evidence pointing towards more extensive radiotherapy, demand introduction of biological features into clinical trials to improve therapeutic decisions. Open questions, such as tailoring of irradiation after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in complete responders and the understanding of the interplay between local control, systemic recurrence and survival given modern systemic treatments, need to be addressed under the prism of biology within this heterogeneous disease. Intrinsic radiobiological properties within this heterogeneity need to be highlighted in order to further improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelagia G Tsoutsou
- Hôpital Neuchâtelois, Radiation Oncology Department, Rue de Chasseral 20, 2300, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Oncology, Radio-Oncology Department, Rue de Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland; Radio-Oncology Research Laboratory of the CHUV, Biopole III - 9A Rue de la Corniche, 1066, Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Marie-Catherine Vozenin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Oncology, Radio-Oncology Department, Rue de Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland; Radio-Oncology Research Laboratory of the CHUV, Biopole III - 9A Rue de la Corniche, 1066, Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - André-Dante Durham
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Oncology, Radio-Oncology Department, Rue de Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland; Radio-Oncology Research Laboratory of the CHUV, Biopole III - 9A Rue de la Corniche, 1066, Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean Bourhis
- Hôpital Neuchâtelois, Radiation Oncology Department, Rue de Chasseral 20, 2300, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Division of Oncology, Radio-Oncology Department, Rue de Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Cao L, Cai G, Xu F, Yang ZZ, Yu XL, Ma JL, Zhang Q, Wu J, Guo XM, Chen JY. Trastuzumab improves locoregional control in HER2-positive breast cancer patients following adjuvant radiotherapy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4230. [PMID: 27512838 PMCID: PMC4985293 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefit of adjuvant trastuzumab in disease-free and overall survival for human epidermal receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer patients is well established. However, the effect of trastuzumab on locoregional control remains unclear, particularly in patients treated with adjuvant radiotherapy (RT). In this study, we investigated the locoregional benefit of trastuzumab in patients with HER2+ breast cancer after adjuvant RT.Using a single institutional database, we identified 278 patients with stage II/III invasive HER2+ breast tumors receiving adjuvant RT between January 2008 and July 2011. We compared the locoregional outcomes of 134 patients who received trastuzumab to 144 patients without trastuzumab within the same period. Clinical and biological factors that might impact on the locoregional benefit of trastuzumab were also assessed.At the median follow-up of 45 months, trastuzumab significantly lowered the risk of locoregional recurrence (LRR) with a 3-year LRR rate of 2.4% versus 7.5% for the cohort with and without trastuzumab (P = 0.019). Trastuzumab was associated with a more significant locoregional benefit in the hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER2+ subgroup, with a 3-year LRR of 0% versus 6.7% in the cohort with and without trastuzumab (P = 0.027). For HR-/HER2+ breast tumor patients, the 3-year LRR rate was still lower for the cohort with trastuzumab (4.7% vs 8.6%). However, statistical significance was not found (P = 0.179). Both univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that trastuzumab treatment was the only significant predictive factor for LRR (hazard ratio, 4.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-15.35; P = 0.039).Adjuvant trastuzumab in addition to RT is associated with significant reduced LRR risk in HER2+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
| | - Gang Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
| | - Zhao-Zhi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
| | - Xiao-Li Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
| | - Jin-Li Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
| | - Jiong Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Mao Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
| | - Jia-Yi Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
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14
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Ignatov T, Eggemann H, Burger E, Costa SD, Ignatov A. Hormone receptor status does not alter the effect of trastuzumab in breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:349-55. [PMID: 27009140 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) predicts response to anti-HER2 therapy in breast cancer. We investigated whether hormone receptor (HR) status influences the treatment benefit of trastuzumab in patients with breast cancer. Data from 8338 patients with primary nonmetastatic breast cancer from the cancer registry of Saxony-Anhalt Germany were analyzed. A total of 5554 patients were eligible for analysis. The median follow-up of the study was 6 years. Of the 5554 patients investigated, 1128 (20.3%) showed HER2 overexpression and 656 (58.2%) of them received adjuvant trastuzumab. The 10-year overall survival (OS) in the study cohort according to HR, HER2 status, and trastuzumab treatment was as follows: 78.4% for HR-/HER2-, 85.0% for HR+/HER2-, 70.4% HR-/HER2+/TRA-, 71.4% for HR+/HER2+/TRA-, 80.9% for HR-/HER2+/TRA+, and 89.2% for HR+/HER2+/TRA+. Trastuzumab treatment improved OS in the HR- patients only in the first 3 years, whereas in the HR+ group the effect of trastuzumab was still apparent 5 years after diagnosis. Notably, the relative improvement in a patient outcome was higher for HR+ patients. Nevertheless, matching for age, histological type, tumor stage, tumor grade, and performance status between patients with HR- and HR+ tumors demonstrated that the survival effect of trastuzumab was not affected by HR status; P=0.890. Trastuzumab treatment improves patients' survival regardless of HR status and should be offered to all HER2+ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Ignatov
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyOtto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Holm Eggemann
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyOtto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Elke Burger
- Institute of Biometry and Medical InformaticsOtto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Serban Dan Costa
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyOtto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Atanas Ignatov
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyOtto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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15
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Strasser-Weippl K, Horick N, Smith IE, O'Shaughnessy J, Ejlertsen B, Boyle F, Buzdar AU, Fumoleau P, Gradishar W, Martin M, Moy B, Piccart-Gebhart M, Pritchard KI, Lindquist D, Rappold E, Finkelstein DM, Goss PE. Identification of early breast cancer patient cohorts who may benefit from lapatinib therapy. Eur J Cancer 2016; 56:85-92. [PMID: 26829011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In resource-constrained environments many patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)+ early breast cancer are currently not offered adjuvant anti-HER2 therapy. For patients who might be able to receive the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) lapatinib (e.g. after patent expiration), it is important to identify subgroups of patients for whom anti-HER2 TKI therapy could be beneficial. To do this, we used data from 2489 patients with centrally confirmed HER2+ disease enrolled in the adjuvant Tykerb Evaluation After Chemotherapy (TEACH) trial, investigating the effect of lapatinib in patients with HER2+ early breast cancer not treated with trastuzumab. We performed subgroup analyses and number-needed-to-treat (NNT) calculations using patient and tumour associated predictors. Hormone receptor negative (HR-) patients on lapatinib had a significantly prolonged disease-free survival (DFS) compared to HR- patients on placebo (hazard ratio 0.64, P=0.003). For patients with HR- disease, starting treatment with lapatinib ≤1 year from diagnosis improved DFS by 12.1% [2.1-22.1] at 2 years and 15.7% [4.1-27.2] at 5 years. Depending on lymph node status and time since diagnosis the NNT for recurrence (at 5 years) was between 5.9 (node positive patients <1 year from diagnosis) and 15.9. These numbers are in range with numbers reported for up-front adjuvant trastuzumab for HR unselected patients (e.g. 15.6 for DFS at 4 years in HERA). In a subgroup analysis of the adjuvant TEACH trial, we show that anti-HER2 monotherapy with a TKI is beneficial as adjuvant therapy in a subgroup of patients. NNT in HER2+ HR- patients are in range with those reported from up-front adjuvant trastuzumab trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nora Horick
- Massachusetts General Hospital Biostatistics Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Aman U Buzdar
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | | | | | - Miguel Martin
- Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beverly Moy
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul E Goss
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Predictors of Locoregional Outcome in HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. Am J Clin Oncol 2015; 38:348-52. [DOI: 10.1097/coc.0b013e31829d1eb8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Tseng YD, Uno H, Hughes ME, Niland JC, Wong YN, Theriault R, Blitzblau RC, Moy B, Breslin T, Edge SB, Hassett MJ, Punglia RS. Biological Subtype Predicts Risk of Locoregional Recurrence After Mastectomy and Impact of Postmastectomy Radiation in a Large National Database. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 93:622-30. [PMID: 26461004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate locoregional recurrence (LRR) after mastectomy and impact of postmastectomy radiation (PMRT) by breast cancer subtype. METHODS AND MATERIALS Between 2000 and 2009, 5673 patients with stage I to III breast carcinoma underwent mastectomy and nodal evaluation; 30% received PMRT. Isolated LRR (iLRR) and LRR were compared across groups defined by biological subtype and receipt of trastuzumab: luminal A (estrogen [ER]/progesterone [PR]+, HER2-, low/intermediate grade), luminal B (ER/PR+, HER2-, high grade), HER2 with trastuzumab, HER2 without trastuzumab, and triple negative (TN; ER-, PR-, HER2-). LRR hazard ratios (HR) were estimated with multivariable Fine and Gray models. The effect of PMRT on LRR was evaluated with Fine and Gray models stratified by propensity for PMRT. RESULTS With a median follow-up time of 50.1 months, there were 19 iLRR and 109 LRR events. HER2 patients with trastuzumab had no iLRR and only a single LRR. Compared with luminal A patients, TN patients had significantly greater adjusted risk of iLRR (HR 14.10; 95% CI 2.97%-66.90%), with a similar trend among luminal B (HR 4.94; 95% CI 0.94%-25.82%) and HER2 patients without trastuzumab (HR 4.41; 95% CI 0.61%-32.11%). Although PMRT reduced LRR, the effect of PMRT varied by subgroup, with the greatest and smallest effects seen among luminal A (HR 0.17; 95% CI 0.05%-0.62%) and TN patients (HR 0.59; 95% CI 0.25%-1.35%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS TN patients had the highest risk of LRR and the least benefit from PMRT; these patients may benefit from alternative treatment strategies. In contrast, in the era of HER2-directed therapy, the role of local therapy may need to be reassessed among HER2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda D Tseng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Hajime Uno
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Melissa E Hughes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joyce C Niland
- Department of Biostatistics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Yu-Ning Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard Theriault
- Department of General Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rachel C Blitzblau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Beverly Moy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tara Breslin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Northwestern Lake Forest Hospital, Lake Forest, Illinois
| | - Stephen B Edge
- Baptist Cancer Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael J Hassett
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rinaa S Punglia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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18
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Lanning RM, Morrow M, Riaz N, McArthur HL, Dang C, Moo TA, El-Tamer M, Krause K, Siu C, Hsu M, Zhang Z, Pei X, McCormick B, Powell SN, Ho A. The Effect of Adjuvant Trastuzumab on Locoregional Recurrence of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Breast Cancer Treated with Mastectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22:2517-25. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-4321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Peterson DJ, Truong PT, Sadek BT, Alexander CS, Wiksyk B, Shenouda M, Raad RA, Taghian AG. Locoregional Recurrence and Survival Outcomes by Type of Local Therapy and Trastuzumab Use Among Women with Node-Negative, HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21:3490-6. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3767-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Pilewskie M, Ho A, Orell E, Stempel M, Chen Y, Eaton A, Patil S, Morrow M. Effect of margin width on local recurrence in triple-negative breast cancer patients treated with breast-conserving therapy. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 21:1209-14. [PMID: 24327132 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of increasing negative margin width after breast-conserving therapy (BCT) on local recurrence (LR) is controversial. LR rates vary by subtype, with the highest rates seen in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study examined LR rates in relationship to margin width in TNBC treated with BCT. METHODS Women with TNBC who underwent BCT between 1999 and 2009 were identified. Margins were defined as positive (ink on tumor), 0.1-2.0, and 2 mm. Patients with positive margins were excluded. Statistical comparisons were by t test, Fisher's exact test, and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Cumulative incidence of LR was compared by competing-risks methodology. RESULTS Of 535 cancers, 71 had margins ≤2 mm and 464 had margins >2 mm. At a median follow-up of 84 months (range 8-165 months), there were 37 local, 18 regional, and 77 distant recurrences or deaths as first events. Ten patients had a locoregional recurrence before planned radiotherapy and were excluded from cumulative incidence analyses. The cumulative incidence of LR at 60 months for margins ≤2 mm was 4.7 % (95 % confidence interval 0-10.0) and for >2 mm was 3.7 % (1.8, 5.5) (p = 0.11). After controlling for chemotherapy and tumor size, there was no difference in LR between the two margin groups (p = 0.06). A difference in the risk of distant recurrence or death was not observed (p = 0.53). CONCLUSIONS Margin width of >2 mm was not associated with reduced LR rates. These data support a negative margin definition of no ink on tumor, even in this high-risk TNBC cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Pilewskie
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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21
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van Laar C, van der Sangen MJC, Poortmans PMP, Nieuwenhuijzen GAP, Roukema JA, Roumen RMH, Tjan-Heijnen VCG, Voogd AC. Local recurrence following breast-conserving treatment in women aged 40 years or younger: trends in risk and the impact on prognosis in a population-based cohort of 1143 patients. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:3093-101. [PMID: 23800672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate trends in the risk of local recurrences after breast-conserving treatment (BCT) and to examine the impact of local recurrence (LR) on distant relapse-free survival in a large, population-based cohort of women aged ≤40 years with early-stage breast cancer. METHODS All women (n=1143) aged ≤40 years with early-stage (pT1-2/cT1-2, N0-2, M0) breast cancer who underwent BCT in the south of the Netherlands between 1988 and 2010 were included. BCT consisted of local excision of the tumour followed by irradiation of the breast. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 8.5 (0.1-24.6)years, 176 patients had developed an isolated LR. The 5-year LR-rate for the subgroups treated in the periods 1988-1998, 1999-2005 and 2006-2010 were 9.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 7.1-12.5), 5.9% (95% CI 3.2-8.6) and 3.3% (95% CI 0.6-6.0), respectively (p=0.006). In a multivariate analysis, adjuvant systemic treatment was associated with a reduced risk of LR of almost 60% (hazard ratio (HR) 0.42; 95%CI 0.28-0.60; p<0.0001). Patients who experienced an early isolated LR (≤5 years after BCT) had a worse distant relapse-free survival compared to patients without an early LR (HR 1.83; 95% CI 1.27-2.64; p=0.001). Late local recurrences did not negatively affect distant relapse-free survival (HR 1.24; 95% CI 0.74-2.08; p=0.407). CONCLUSION Local control after BCT improved significantly over time and appeared to be closely related to the increased use and effectiveness of systemic therapy. These recent results underline the safety of BCT for young women with early-stage breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C van Laar
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Albert JM, Buchholz TA, Smith BD. Reply to P.G. Tsoutsou et al. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31:648-9. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.46.9114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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