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Hao RH, Zhang TP, Jiang F, Liu JH, Dong SS, Li M, Guo Y, Yang TL. Revealing brain cell-stratified causality through dissecting causal variants according to their cell-type-specific effects on gene expression. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4890. [PMID: 38849352 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The human brain has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several complex diseases. Taking advantage of single-cell techniques, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have taken it a step further and revealed brain cell-type-specific functions for disease loci. However, genetic causal associations inferred by Mendelian randomization (MR) studies usually include all instrumental variables from GWAS, which hampers the understanding of cell-specific causality. Here, we developed an analytical framework, Cell-Stratified MR (csMR), to investigate cell-stratified causality through colocalizing GWAS signals with single-cell eQTL from different brain cells. By applying to obesity-related traits, our results demonstrate the cell-type-specific effects of GWAS variants on gene expression, and indicate the benefits of csMR to identify cell-type-specific causal effect that is often hidden from bulk analyses. We also found csMR valuable to reveal distinct causal pathways between different obesity indicators. These findings suggest the value of our approach to prioritize target cells for extending genetic causation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Han Hao
- Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Pei Zhang
- Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Hui Liu
- Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Dong
- Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Yan Guo
- Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Tie-Lin Yang
- Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China.
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China.
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Wu E, Qi D, Nizamutdinov D, Huang JH. Astrocytic calcium waves: unveiling their roles in sleep and arousal modulation. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:984-987. [PMID: 37862199 PMCID: PMC10749589 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuron-astrocyte interactions are vital for the brain's connectome. Understanding astrocyte activities is crucial for comprehending the complex neural network, particularly the population-level functions of neurons in different cortical states and associated behaviors in mammals. Studies on animal sleep and wakefulness have revealed distinct cortical synchrony patterns between neurons. Astrocytes, outnumbering neurons by nearly fivefold, support and regulate neuronal and synaptic function. Recent research on astrocyte activation during cortical state transitions has emphasized the influence of norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter and calcium waves as key components of ion channel signaling. This summary focuses on a few recent studies investigating astrocyte-neuron interactions in mouse models during sleep, wakefulness, and arousal levels, exploring the involvement of noradrenaline signaling, ion channels, and glutamatergic signaling in different cortical states. These findings highlight the significant impact of astrocytes on large-scale neuronal networks, influencing brain activity and responsiveness. Targeting astrocytic signaling pathways shows promise for treating sleep disorders and arousal dysregulation. More research is needed to understand astrocytic calcium signaling in different brain regions and its implications for dysregulated brain states, requiring future human studies to comprehensively investigate neuron-astrocyte interactions and pave the way for therapeutic interventions in sleep- and arousal-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erxi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USA
- Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
- Texas A&M University School of Pharmacy, College Station, TX, USA
- LIVESTRONG Cancer Institutes and Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Dan Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Damir Nizamutdinov
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USA
- Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Jason H. Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USA
- Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
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Han H, Weng Y, Liang H, Yi C, Lin K, Wu H, Xiao J, Han C. Persistent neuroinflammation of the right insular cortex in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a proton MRS study. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:3059-3066. [PMID: 37442888 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) was to use proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to compare the levels of five neurometabolites in the right and left insular cortexes of subjects in three groups: JIA-active, JIA-inactive, and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS Two inflammation markers and five psychometric scores were determined. 1H-MRS was used to measure the levels of total N-acetylaspartate (NAA), total choline (Cho), myo-inositol (mI), and glutamate (Glu), and the complex of glutamine and glutamate (Glx) relative to total creatine (tCr) in the right and left insular cortexes of participants. RESULTS Intra-group comparisons indicated that each group had higher levels of NAA/tCr, Glu/tCr, Glx/tCr, and mI/tCr in the right insula, and higher levels of Cho/tCr in the left insula. Inter-group comparisons of the right insula indicated that the JIA-active and JIA-inactive groups had higher levels of Cho/tCr than the HC group, but none of the other inter-group differences were statistically significant. The score of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDCD) had an inverse correlation with the level of Cho/tCr in the right insular cortex of patients in the JIA-inactive group. CONCLUSIONS Relative to the HC group, the right insular cortex of subjects in the JIA-active and the JIA-inactive groups had greater levels of Cho/tCr, suggesting increased inflammation in this region. The Cho/tCr level in the right insular cortex had an inverse correlation with SDCD score in the JIA-inactive group. Key Points • Healthy controls and JIA patients had higher levels of tNAA/tCr, Glu/tCr, Glx/tCr, and mI/tCr in the right insula, and higher levels of Cho/tCr in the left insula. • A greater level of Cho/tCr in the right insula of JIA-active and JIA-inactive patients indicated neuroinflammation in this region. • The Cho/tCr level in the right insular cortex had an inverse correlation with SDCD score in the JIA-inactive group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Han
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yifei Weng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongyan Liang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Cuili Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kezhao Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiammen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jihong Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Chengkun Han
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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4
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Wu Y, Li P, Bhat N, Fan H, Liu M. Effects of repeated sleep deprivation on brain pericytes in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12760. [PMID: 37550395 PMCID: PMC10406921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The damaging effects of sleep deprivation (SD) on brain parenchyma have been extensively studied. However, the specific influence of SD on brain pericytes, a primary component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the neurovascular unit (NVU), is still unclear. The present study examined how acute or repeated SD impairs brain pericytes by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of soluble platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (sPDGFRβ) and quantifying pericyte density in the cortex, hippocampus, and subcortical area of the PDGFRβ-P2A-CreERT2/tdTomato mice, which predominantly express the reporter tdTomato in vascular pericytes. Our results showed that a one-time 4 h SD did not significantly change the CSF sPDGFRβ level. In contrast, repeated SD (4 h/day for 10 consecutive days) significantly elevated the CSF sPDGFRβ level, implying explicit pericyte damages due to repeated SD. Furthermore, repeated SD significantly decreased the pericyte densities in the cortex and hippocampus, though the pericyte apoptosis status remained unchanged as measured with Annexin V-affinity assay and active Caspase-3 staining. These results suggest that repeated SD causes brain pericyte damage and loss via non-apoptosis pathways. These changes to pericytes may contribute to SD-induced BBB and NVU dysfunctions. The reversibility of this process implies that sleep improvement may have a protective effect on brain pericytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Pengfei Li
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Narayan Bhat
- Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Hongkuan Fan
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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Que M, Li Y, Wang X, Zhan G, Luo X, Zhou Z. Role of astrocytes in sleep deprivation: accomplices, resisters, or bystanders? Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1188306. [PMID: 37435045 PMCID: PMC10330732 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1188306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep plays an essential role in all studied animals with a nervous system. However, sleep deprivation leads to various pathological changes and neurobehavioral problems. Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the brain and are involved in various important functions, including neurotransmitter and ion homeostasis, synaptic and neuronal modulation, and blood-brain barrier maintenance; furthermore, they are associated with numerous neurodegenerative diseases, pain, and mood disorders. Moreover, astrocytes are increasingly being recognized as vital contributors to the regulation of sleep-wake cycles, both locally and in specific neural circuits. In this review, we begin by describing the role of astrocytes in regulating sleep and circadian rhythms, focusing on: (i) neuronal activity; (ii) metabolism; (iii) the glymphatic system; (iv) neuroinflammation; and (v) astrocyte-microglia cross-talk. Moreover, we review the role of astrocytes in sleep deprivation comorbidities and sleep deprivation-related brain disorders. Finally, we discuss potential interventions targeting astrocytes to prevent or treat sleep deprivation-related brain disorders. Pursuing these questions would pave the way for a deeper understanding of the cellular and neural mechanisms underlying sleep deprivation-comorbid brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Que
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Luo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Carvalhas-Almeida C, Serra J, Moita J, Cavadas C, Álvaro AR. Understanding neuron-glia crosstalk and biological clocks in insomnia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 147:105100. [PMID: 36804265 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, about one-third of the population experiences insomnia symptoms, and about 10-15% suffer from chronic insomnia, the most common sleep disorder. Sleeping difficulties associated with insomnia are often linked to chronic sleep deprivation, which has a negative health impact partly due to disruption in the internal synchronisation of biological clocks. These are regulated by clock genes and modulate most biological processes. Most studies addressing circadian rhythm regulation have focused on the role of neurons, yet glial cells also impact circadian rhythms and sleep regulation. Chronic insomnia and sleep loss have been associated with glial cell activation, exacerbated neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, altered neuronal metabolism and synaptic plasticity, accelerated age-related processes and decreased lifespan. It is, therefore, essential to highlight the importance of glia-neuron interplay on sleep/circadian regulation and overall healthy brain function. Hence, in this review, we aim to address the main neurobiological mechanisms involved in neuron-glia crosstalk, with an emphasis on microglia and astrocytes, in both healthy sleep, chronic sleep deprivation and chronic insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Carvalhas-Almeida
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Serra
- Sleep Medicine Unit, Coimbra Hospital and University Center (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Moita
- Sleep Medicine Unit, Coimbra Hospital and University Center (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Álvaro
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Li T, Gao Y, He M, Gui Z, Zhao B, Cao Y, Chen T, Zhu J, Wang J, Zhong Q, Zhang Z. P2X7 receptor-activated microglia in cortex is critical for sleep disorder under neuropathic pain. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1095718. [PMID: 36816134 PMCID: PMC9936193 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1095718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is associated with sleep disturbances, which may substantially influence the quality of life. Clinical and animal studies demonstrated that neurotransmitter is one of the main contributors to cause sleep disturbances induced by NP. Recently, it was reported that P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) are widely expressed in microglia, which serves crucial role in neuronal activity in the pain and sleep-awake cycle. In this study, we adopted the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model to establish the progress of chronic pain and investigated whether P2X7R of microglia in cortex played a critical role in sleep disturbance induced by NP. At electroencephalogram (EEG) level, sleep disturbance was observed in mice treated with CCI as they exhibited mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, and inhibition of P2X7R ameliorated these changes. We showed a dramatic high level of P2X7R and Iba-1 co-expression in the cortical region, and the inhibition of P2X7R also adversely affected it. Furthermore, the power of LFPs in ventral posterior nucleus (VP) and primary somatosensory cortex (S1) which changed in the CCI group was adverse after the inhibition of P2X7R. Furthermore, inhibition of P2X7R also decreased the VP-S1 coherence which increased in CCI group. Nuclear magnetic resonance demonstrated inhibition of P2X7R decreased glutamate (Glu) levels in thalamic and cortical regions which were significantly increased in the CCI mice. Our findings provide evidence that NP has a critical effect on neuronal activity linked to sleep and may built up a new target for the development of sleep disturbances under chronic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunling Gao
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Mengying He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhu Gui
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingchu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China,School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinpiao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Qi Zhong,
| | - Zongze Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Zongze Zhang,
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Hu Y, Yin J, Yang G. Melatonin upregulates BMAL1 to attenuate chronic sleep deprivation-related cognitive impairment by alleviating oxidative stress. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2836. [PMID: 36563187 PMCID: PMC9847595 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the mechanism underlying the regulatory effect of melatonin on chronic sleep deprivation-related cognitive impairment. METHODS Chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) model was established using the MMPM method. After the model was established, melatonin receptor agonist and inhibitor were given, respectively. Water maze was conducted to record the escape latency and the duration of crossing the platform of space exploration. The concentration of TNF-α, IL-6, MDA, and SOD was measured by ELISA. Immunofluorescence was used to determine the expression level of CD86 and CD206, while the mRNA expression of Bax, Bcl-2, P65, IκB, and BMAL1 was detected by qPCR. Western blotting assay was utilized to determine the protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2, P65, p-P65, IκB, p-I κB, and BMAL1. RESULTS Compared with the control, the escape latency was greatly increased on the second and third day, accompanied by the increased expression of TNF-α, IL-6, MDA, and SOD in serum. Furthermore, dramatically upregulated Bax, Bcl-2, P65, IκB, and CD86 were observed in the model group, accompanied by the declined expression level of BMAL1 and CD206. Compared with the model group, the escape latency was declined, the concentration of TNF-α, IL-6, MDA, and SOD was decreased, the expression level of Bax, Bcl-2, P65, IκB, and CD86 was declined, and the level of BMAL1 and CD206 was promoted by the treatment of the melatonin agonist, while the opposite results were observed under the treatment of the melatonin inhibitor. CONCLUSION Melatonin upregulates BMAL1 to attenuate chronic sleep deprivation-related cognitive impairment by alleviating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Hu
- Department of Neurology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Jierong Yin
- Department of Neurology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Guoshuai Yang
- Department of Neurology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
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Picard K, Corsi G, Decoeur F, Di Castro MA, Bordeleau M, Persillet M, Layé S, Limatola C, Tremblay MÈ, Nadjar A. Microglial homeostasis disruption modulates non-rapid eye movement sleep duration and neuronal activity in adult female mice. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 107:153-164. [PMID: 36202169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a natural physiological state, tightly regulated through several neuroanatomical and neurochemical systems, which is essential to maintain physical and mental health. Recent studies revealed that the functions of microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, differ along the sleep-wake cycle. Inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, mainly produced by microglia in the brain, are also well-known to promote sleep. However, the contributing role of microglia on sleep regulation remains largely elusive, even more so in females. Given the higher prevalence of various sleep disorders in women, we aimed to determine the role of microglia in regulating the sleep-wake cycle specifically in female mice. Microglia were depleted in adult female mice with inhibitors of the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) (PLX3397 or PLX5622), which is required for microglial population maintenance. This led to a 65-73% reduction of the microglial population, as confirmed by immunofluorescence staining against IBA1 (marker of microglia/macrophages) and TMEM119 (microglia-specific marker) in the reticular nucleus of the thalamus and primary motor cortex. The spontaneous sleep-wake cycle was evaluated at steady-state, during microglial homeostasis disruption and after complete microglial repopulation, upon cessation of treatment with the inhibitors of CSF1R, using electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG). We found that microglia-depleted female mice spent more time in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and had an increased number of NREM sleep episodes, which was partially restored after microglial total repopulation. To determine whether microglia could regulate sleep locally by modulating synaptic transmission, we used patch clamp to record spontaneous activity of pyramidal neurons in the primary motor cortex, which showed an increase of excitatory synaptic transmission during the dark phase. These changes in neuronal activity were modulated by microglial depletion in a phase-dependent manner. Altogether, our results indicate that microglia are involved in the sleep regulation of female mice, further strengthening their potential implication in the development and/or progression of sleep disorders. Furthermore, our findings indicate that microglial repopulation can contribute to normalizing sleep alterations caused by their partial depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Picard
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de médecine moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Giorgio Corsi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fanny Decoeur
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Maude Bordeleau
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marine Persillet
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurophysiology, Neuropharmacology, Inflammaging, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de médecine moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | - Agnès Nadjar
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France.
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10
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Salvador-Carulla L. Santiago Ramon y Cajal, mental functions and neuropsychiatry. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 16:2-4. [PMID: 37916571 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjpmh.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Salvador-Carulla
- Professor of Mental Health, Deputy Director of the Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.
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11
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Tremblay MÈ, Almsherqi ZA, Deng Y. Plasmalogens and platelet-activating factor roles in chronic inflammatory diseases. Biofactors 2022; 48:1203-1216. [PMID: 36370412 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids and phospholipid molecules are essential for determining the structure and function of cell membranes, and they hence participate in many biological processes. Platelet activating factor (PAF) and its precursor plasmalogen, which represent two subclasses of ether phospholipids, have attracted increasing research attention recently due to their association with multiple chronic inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders. These pathophysiological conditions commonly involve inflammatory processes linked to an excess presence of PAF and/or decreased levels of plasmalogens. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of plasmalogens in inflammation have remained largely elusive. While anti-inflammatory responses most likely involve the plasmalogen signal pathway; pro-inflammatory responses recruit arachidonic acid, a precursor of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators which is released from membrane phospholipids, notably derived from the hydrolysis of plasmalogens. Plasmalogens per se are vital membrane phospholipids in humans. Changes in their homeostatic levels may alter cell membrane properties, thus affecting key signaling pathways that mediate inflammatory cascades and immune responses. The plasmalogen analogs of PAF are also potentially important, considering that anti-PAF activity has strong anti-inflammatory effects. Plasmalogen replacement therapy was further identified as a promising anti-inflammatory strategy allowing for the relief of pathological hallmarks in patients affected by chronic diseases with an inflammatory component. The aim of this Short Review is to highlight the emerging roles and implications of plasmalogens in chronic inflammatory disorders, along with the promising outcomes of plasmalogen replacement therapy for the treatment of various PAF-related chronic inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université de Laval, Québec City, Canada
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zakaria A Almsherqi
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuru Deng
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
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12
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Rowe RK, Green TRF, Giordano KR, Ortiz JB, Murphy SM, Opp MR. Microglia Are Necessary to Regulate Sleep after an Immune Challenge. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1241. [PMID: 36009868 PMCID: PMC9405260 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microglia play a critical role in the neuroimmune response, but little is known about the role of microglia in sleep following an inflammatory trigger. Nevertheless, decades of research have been predicated on the assumption that an inflammatory trigger increases sleep through microglial activation. We hypothesized that mice (n = 30) with depleted microglia using PLX5622 (PLX) would sleep less following the administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation. Brains were collected and microglial morphology was assessed using quantitative skeletal analyses and physiological parameters were recorded using non-invasive piezoelectric cages. Mice fed PLX diet had a transient increase in sleep that dissipated by week 2. Subsequently, following a first LPS injection (0.4 mg/kg), mice with depleted microglia slept more than mice on the control diet. All mice were returned to normal rodent chow to repopulate microglia in the PLX group (10 days). Nominal differences in sleep existed during the microglia repopulation period. However, following a second LPS injection, mice with repopulated microglia slept similarly to control mice during the dark period but with longer bouts during the light period. Comparing sleep after the first LPS injection to sleep after the second LPS injection, controls exhibited temporal changes in sleep patterns but no change in cumulative minutes slept, whereas cumulative sleep in mice with repopulated microglia decreased during the dark period across all days. Repopulated microglia had a reactive morphology. We conclude that microglia are necessary to regulate sleep after an immune challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K. Rowe
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Tabitha R. F. Green
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Katherine R. Giordano
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ 85012, USA
| | - J. Bryce Ortiz
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ 85012, USA
| | - Sean M. Murphy
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Mark R. Opp
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
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13
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Xiao SY, Liu YJ, Lu W, Sha ZW, Xu C, Yu ZH, Lee SD. Possible Neuropathology of Sleep Disturbance Linking to Alzheimer's Disease: Astrocytic and Microglial Roles. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:875138. [PMID: 35755779 PMCID: PMC9218054 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.875138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances not only deteriorate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progress by affecting cognitive states but also accelerate the neuropathological changes of AD. Astrocytes and microglia are the principal players in the regulation of both sleep and AD. We proposed that possible astrocyte-mediated and microglia-mediated neuropathological changes of sleep disturbances linked to AD, such as astrocytic adenosinergic A1, A2, and A3 regulation; astrocytic dopamine and serotonin; astrocyte-mediated proinflammatory status (TNFα); sleep disturbance-attenuated microglial CX3CR1 and P2Y12; microglial Iba-1 and astrocytic glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); and microglia-mediated proinflammatory status (IL-1b, IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα). Furthermore, astrocytic and microglial amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau in AD were reviewed, such as astrocytic Aβ interaction in AD; astrocyte-mediated proinflammation in AD; astrocytic interaction with Aβ in the central nervous system (CNS); astrocytic apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-induced Aβ clearance in AD, as well as microglial Aβ clearance and aggregation in AD; proinflammation-induced microglial Aβ aggregation in AD; microglial-accumulated tau in AD; and microglial ApoE and TREM2 in AD. We reviewed astrocytic and microglial roles in AD and sleep, such as astrocyte/microglial-mediated proinflammation in AD and sleep; astrocytic ApoE in sleep and AD; and accumulated Aβ-triggered synaptic abnormalities in sleep disturbance. This review will provide a possible astrocytic and microglial mechanism of sleep disturbance linked to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yun Xiao
- Department of Mental Diseases, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Jie Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Lu
- Department of Traditional Treatment, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Sha
- Department of Mental Diseases, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Che Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Yu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- Department of Mental Diseases, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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14
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Zhu Y, Gao M, Huang H, Gao SH, Liao LY, Tao Y, Cheng H, Gao CY. p75NTR Ectodomain Ameliorates Cognitive Deficits and Pathologies in a Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Deprivation Mice Model. Neuroscience 2022; 496:27-37. [PMID: 35697320 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75NTR) is a circadian rhythm regulator and mediates cognitive deficits induced by sleep deprivation (SD). The soluble extracellular domain of p75NTR (p75ECD) has been shown to exert a neuroprotective function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and depression animal models. Nevertheless, the role of p75ECD in SD-induced cognitive dysfunction is unclear. In the present study we administrated p75ECD-Fc (10, 3 mg/kg), a recombinant fusion protein of human p75ECD and fragment C of immunoglobulin IgG1, to treat mice via intraperitoneal injection. The results revealed that peripheral supplementation of high-dose p75ECD-Fc (10 mg/kg) recovered the balance between Aβ and p75ECD in the hippocampus and rescued the cognitive deficits in SD mice. We also found that p75ECD-Fc ameliorated other pathologies induced by SD, including neuronal apoptosis, synaptic plasticity impairment and neuroinflammation. The current study suggests that p75ECD-Fc is a potential candidate for SD and peripheral supplementation of p75ECD-Fc may be a prospective preventive measure for cognitive decline in SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yu-Zhong District, 400042 Chongqing, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yu-Zhong District, 400042 Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yu-Zhong District, 400042 Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-Hao Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yu-Zhong District, 400042 Chongqing, China
| | - Ling-Yi Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yu-Zhong District, 400042 Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yu-Zhong District, 400042 Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yu-Zhong District, 400042 Chongqing, China
| | - Chang-Yue Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yu-Zhong District, 400042 Chongqing, China.
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15
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Berisha A, Shutkind K, Borniger JC. Sleep Disruption and Cancer: Chicken or the Egg? Front Neurosci 2022; 16:856235. [PMID: 35663547 PMCID: PMC9160986 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.856235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a nearly ubiquitous phenomenon across the phylogenetic tree, highlighting its essential role in ensuring fitness across evolutionary time. Consequently, chronic disruption of the duration, timing, or structure of sleep can cause widespread problems in multiple physiological systems, including those that regulate energy balance, immune function, and cognitive capacity, among others. Many, if not all these systems, become altered throughout the course of cancer initiation, growth, metastatic spread, treatment, and recurrence. Recent work has demonstrated how changes in sleep influence the development of chronic diseases, including cancer, in both humans and animal models. A common finding is that for some cancers (e.g., breast), chronic disruption of sleep/wake states prior to disease onset is associated with an increased risk for cancer development. Additionally, sleep disruption after cancer initiation is often associated with worse outcomes. Recently, evidence suggesting that cancer itself can affect neuronal circuits controlling sleep and wakefulness has accumulated. Patients with cancer often report difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, and severe fatigue, during and even years after treatment. In addition to the psychological stress associated with cancer, cancer itself may alter sleep homeostasis through changes to host physiology and via currently undefined mechanisms. Moreover, cancer treatments (e.g., chemotherapy, radiation, hormonal, and surgical) may further worsen sleep problems through complex biological processes yet to be fully understood. This results in a “chicken or the egg” phenomenon, where it is unclear whether sleep disruption promotes cancer or cancer reciprocally disrupts sleep. This review will discuss existing evidence for both hypotheses and present a framework through which the interactions between sleep and cancer can be dissociated and causally investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Berisha
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States
| | - Kyle Shutkind
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Jeremy C. Borniger
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeremy C. Borniger,
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16
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The 5-HT and PLC Signaling Pathways Regulate the Secretion of IL-1β, TNF-α and BDNF from NG2 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7425538. [PMID: 35600957 PMCID: PMC9122684 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7425538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study was clarified the relationship between NG2 glial cells and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) to further revealed a role in the regulation of cortical excitability. The co-localization of NG2 cells and 5-HT in rat prefrontal cortex was determined using immunofluorescence. Different concentrations of 5-HT were applied to cultured NG2 cells. Real-time PCR measured the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Changes in the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and BDNF in NG2 cells were detected after the addition of 5-HT receptor specific blockers and phospholipase C (PLC) specific activators and inhibitors. The results confirmed that the NG2 protein and 5-HT co-localized in the prefrontal cortex. 5-HT treatment of NG2 cells significantly reduced the expression of IL-1β and BDNF mRNA and increased the expression of TNF-α. The 5-HT receptor specific inhibitors alverine citrate, ketanserin, ondansetron and SB-399885 blocked the regulatory effects of 5-HT on NG2 cells. The PLC signal was linked to the secretion of IL-1β, TNF-α and BDNF in NG2 cells. These results indicated that 5-HT affected IL-1β, TNF-α, and BDNF secretion from NG2 cells via the 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT3, 5-HT6 receptors and the PLC signaling pathway.
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17
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Chaturvedi R, Stork T, Yuan C, Freeman MR, Emery P. Astrocytic GABA transporter controls sleep by modulating GABAergic signaling in Drosophila circadian neurons. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1895-1908.e5. [PMID: 35303417 PMCID: PMC9090989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A precise balance between sleep and wakefulness is essential to sustain a good quality of life and optimal brain function. GABA is known to play a key and conserved role in sleep control, and GABAergic tone should, therefore, be tightly controlled in sleep circuits. Here, we examined the role of the astrocytic GABA transporter (GAT) in sleep regulation using Drosophila melanogaster. We found that a hypomorphic gat mutation (gat33-1) increased sleep amount, decreased sleep latency, and increased sleep consolidation at night. Interestingly, sleep defects were suppressed when gat33-1 was combined with a mutation disrupting wide-awake (wake), a gene that regulates the cell-surface levels of the GABAA receptor resistance to dieldrin (RDL) in the wake-promoting large ventral lateral neurons (l-LNvs). Moreover, RNAi knockdown of rdl and its modulators dnlg4 and wake in these circadian neurons also suppressed gat33-1 sleep phenotypes. Brain immunohistochemistry showed that GAT-expressing astrocytes were located near RDL-positive l-LNv cell bodies and dendritic processes. We concluded that astrocytic GAT decreases GABAergic tone and RDL activation in arousal-promoting LNvs, thus determining proper sleep amount and quality in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Chaturvedi
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Tobias Stork
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Chunyan Yuan
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Marc R Freeman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Patrick Emery
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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18
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TNF signaling pathway-mediated microglial activation in the PFC underlies acute paradoxical sleep deprivation-induced anxiety-like behaviors in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 100:254-266. [PMID: 34915154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute sleep deprivation is a common condition in modern life and increases anxiety symptoms in healthy individuals. The neuroinflammatory response induced by microglial activation could be an important contributing factor, but its underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In the present study, we first found that acute paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) induced by the modified multiple platform method (MMPM) for 6 h led to anxiety-like behavior in mice, as verified by the open field test, elevated plus maze test, light-dark box test, and marble burying test. In addition, bioinformatic analysis suggested an important relationship between acute sleep deprivation and brain inflammatory signaling pathways. Key genes enriched in the TNF signaling pathway were confirmed to be altered during acute PSD by qPCR and Western blot analyses, including the upregulation of the prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 protein (Socs3) genes and the downregulation of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease 3 (Casp3) gene. Furthermore, we found that microglial cells in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were activated with significant branch structure changes and that the cell body area was increased in the PSD model. Finally, we found that minocycline, a tetracycline with anti-inflammatory properties, may ameliorate the anxiogenic effect and microglial activation. Our study reveals significant correlations of anxiety-like behavior, microglial activation, and inflammation during acute PSD.
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Yang S, Kong XY, Hu T, Ge YJ, Li XY, Chen JT, He S, Zhang P, Chen GH. Aquaporin-4, Connexin-30, and Connexin-43 as Biomarkers for Decreased Objective Sleep Quality and/or Cognition Dysfunction in Patients With Chronic Insomnia Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:856867. [PMID: 35401278 PMCID: PMC8989729 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.856867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine serum concentrations of aquaporin-4 (AQP4), connexin-30 (CX30), connexin-43 (CX43), and their correlations with cognitive function in the patients with chronic insomnia disorder (CID). METHODS We enrolled 76 subjects with CID and 32 healthy controls (HCs). Serum levels of AQP4, CX30, and CX43 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and polysomnography, and mood was evaluated with 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Chinese-Beijing Version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-C) and Nine Box Maze Test. RESULTS The serum levels of AQP4, CX43, and CX30 were significantly reduced in the CID group compared to the HCs. Partial correlation analysis showed that the biomarkers showed no significant correlations with PSQI score, AHI, ODI and TS90, but AQP4, CX43, and CX30 were positively associated with the percentage and total time of slow wave sleep in the CID group. Serum concentrations of AQP4 and CX30 were positively associated with MoCA-C score in the CID group, and AQP4 level negatively correlated with spatial working memory errors. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with CID patients have decreased serum levels of AQP4, CX30, and CX43 indicating astrocyte dysfunction, which could be related to poor objective sleep quality and/or cognition dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Kong
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi-Jun Ge
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xue-Yan Li
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun-Tao Chen
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuo He
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Gui-Hai Chen
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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20
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Bonilla-Jaime H, Zeleke H, Rojas A, Espinosa-Garcia C. Sleep Disruption Worsens Seizures: Neuroinflammation as a Potential Mechanistic Link. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12531. [PMID: 34830412 PMCID: PMC8617844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances, such as insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and daytime sleepiness, are common in people diagnosed with epilepsy. These disturbances can be attributed to nocturnal seizures, psychosocial factors, and/or the use of anti-epileptic drugs with sleep-modifying side effects. Epilepsy patients with poor sleep quality have intensified seizure frequency and disease progression compared to their well-rested counterparts. A better understanding of the complex relationship between sleep and epilepsy is needed, since approximately 20% of seizures and more than 90% of sudden unexpected deaths in epilepsy occur during sleep. Emerging studies suggest that neuroinflammation, (e.g., the CNS immune response characterized by the change in expression of inflammatory mediators and glial activation) may be a potential link between sleep deprivation and seizures. Here, we review the mechanisms by which sleep deprivation induces neuroinflammation and propose that neuroinflammation synergizes with seizure activity to worsen neurodegeneration in the epileptic brain. Additionally, we highlight the relevance of sleep interventions, often overlooked by physicians, to manage seizures, prevent epilepsy-related mortality, and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Área de Biología Conductual y Reproductiva, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico CP 09340, Mexico;
| | - Helena Zeleke
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Asheebo Rojas
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Claudia Espinosa-Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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21
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Cheng Y, Kim WK, Wellman LL, Sanford LD, Guo ML. Short-Term Sleep Fragmentation Dysregulates Autophagy in a Brain Region-Specific Manner. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101098. [PMID: 34685469 PMCID: PMC8538758 DOI: 10.3390/life11101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated autophagy, glial activation status, and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) signaling in the brains of mice after 5 days of sleep fragmentation (SF). Three different brain regions including the striatum, hippocampus, and frontal cortex were selected for examination based on roles in sleep regulation and sensitivity to sleep disruption. For autophagy, we monitored the levels of various autophagic induction markers including beclin1, LC3II, and p62 as well as the levels of lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 and 2 (LAMP1/2) and the transcription factor EB (TFEB) which are critical for lysosome function and autophagy maturation stage. For the status of microglia and astrocytes, we determined the levels of Iba1 and GFAP in these brain regions. We also measured the levels of CRF and its cognate receptors 1 and 2 (CRFR1/2). Our results showed that 5 days of SF dysregulated autophagy in the striatum and hippocampus but not in the frontal cortex. Additionally, 5 days of SF activated microglia in the striatum but not in the hippocampus or frontal cortex. In the striatum, CRFR2 but not CRFR1 was significantly increased in SF-experienced mice. CRF did not alter its mRNA levels in any of the three brain regions assessed. Our findings revealed that autophagy processes are sensitive to short-term SF in a region-specific manner and suggest that autophagy dysregulation may be a primary initiator for brain changes and functional impairments in the context of sleep disturbances and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (Y.C.); (W.-K.K.); (L.L.W.); (L.D.S.)
- Sleep Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
- Drug Addiction Laboratory, Department Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Woong-Ki Kim
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (Y.C.); (W.-K.K.); (L.L.W.); (L.D.S.)
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Laurie L. Wellman
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (Y.C.); (W.-K.K.); (L.L.W.); (L.D.S.)
- Sleep Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Larry D. Sanford
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (Y.C.); (W.-K.K.); (L.L.W.); (L.D.S.)
- Sleep Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Ming-Lei Guo
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (Y.C.); (W.-K.K.); (L.L.W.); (L.D.S.)
- Drug Addiction Laboratory, Department Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-757-446-5891
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22
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Tremblay MÈ. Microglial functional alteration and increased diversity in the challenged brain: Insights into novel targets for intervention. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 16:100301. [PMID: 34589793 PMCID: PMC8474548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma, which perform beneficial physiological roles across life. These immune cells actively maintain CNS health by clearing toxic debris and removing dysfunctional or degenerating cells. They also modify the wiring of neuronal circuits, by acting on the formation, modification, and elimination of synapses-the connections between neurons. Microglia furthermore recently emerged as highly diverse cells comprising several structural and functional states, indicating a far more critical involvement in orchestrating brain development, plasticity, behaviour, and cognition. Various environmental factors, together with the individual genetic predispositions, confer an increased risk for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as neurodegenerative diseases that include autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and Alzheimer's disease, across life. Microglia are highly sensitive to chronic psychological stress, inadequate diet, viral/bacterial infection, pollution, and insufficient or altered sleep, especially during critical developmental periods, but also throughout life. These environmental challenges can compromise microglial physiological functions, resulting notably in defective neuronal circuit wiring, altered brain functional connectivity, and the onset of behavioral deficits into adolescence, adulthood, and aging. This short review provides a historical and technical perspective, notably focused on my contribution to the field, on how environmental challenges affect microglia, particularly their physiological functions, and increase their diversity, which provides novel targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Molecular Medicine Department, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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23
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Corsi G, Picard K, di Castro MA, Garofalo S, Tucci F, Chece G, Del Percio C, Golia MT, Raspa M, Scavizzi F, Decoeur F, Lauro C, Rigamonti M, Iannello F, Ragozzino DA, Russo E, Bernardini G, Nadjar A, Tremblay ME, Babiloni C, Maggi L, Limatola C. Microglia modulate hippocampal synaptic transmission and sleep duration along the light/dark cycle. Glia 2021; 70:89-105. [PMID: 34487590 PMCID: PMC9291950 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, the brain's resident macrophages, actively contribute to the homeostasis of cerebral parenchyma by sensing neuronal activity and supporting synaptic remodeling and plasticity. While several studies demonstrated different roles for astrocytes in sleep, the contribution of microglia in the regulation of sleep/wake cycle and in the modulation of synaptic activity in the different day phases has not been deeply investigated. Using light as a zeitgeber cue, we studied the effects of microglial depletion with the colony stimulating factor‐1 receptor antagonist PLX5622 on the sleep/wake cycle and on hippocampal synaptic transmission in male mice. Our data demonstrate that almost complete microglial depletion increases the duration of NREM sleep and reduces the hippocampal excitatory neurotransmission. The fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 plays a relevant role in these effects, because cx3cr1GFP/GFP mice recapitulate what found in PLX5622‐treated mice. Furthermore, during the light phase, microglia express lower levels of cx3cr1 and a reduction of cx3cr1 expression is also observed when cultured microglial cells are stimulated by ATP, a purinergic molecule released during sleep. Our findings suggest that microglia participate in the regulation of sleep, adapting their cx3cr1 expression in response to the light/dark phase, and modulating synaptic activity in a phase‐dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Corsi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Katherine Picard
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Stefano Garofalo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Tucci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neurology, San Raffaele of Cassino, Cassino (FR), Italy
| | - Giuseppina Chece
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Del Percio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Golia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Raspa
- National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (EMMA/Infrafrontier/IMPC, International Campus "A. Buzzati-Traverso", Rome, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Scavizzi
- National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (EMMA/Infrafrontier/IMPC, International Campus "A. Buzzati-Traverso", Rome, Italy
| | - Fanny Decoeur
- INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro UMR 1286, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Clotilde Lauro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Eleonora Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Agnès Nadjar
- INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro UMR 1286, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Eve Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neurology, San Raffaele of Cassino, Cassino (FR), Italy
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neurophysiology, Neuropharmacology, Inflammaging, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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24
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Gobbo D, Scheller A, Kirchhoff F. From Physiology to Pathology of Cortico-Thalamo-Cortical Oscillations: Astroglia as a Target for Further Research. Front Neurol 2021; 12:661408. [PMID: 34177766 PMCID: PMC8219957 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.661408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrographic hallmark of childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) and other idiopathic forms of epilepsy are 2.5-4 Hz spike and wave discharges (SWDs) originating from abnormal electrical oscillations of the cortico-thalamo-cortical network. SWDs are generally associated with sudden and brief non-convulsive epileptic events mostly generating impairment of consciousness and correlating with attention and learning as well as cognitive deficits. To date, SWDs are known to arise from locally restricted imbalances of excitation and inhibition in the deep layers of the primary somatosensory cortex. SWDs propagate to the mostly GABAergic nucleus reticularis thalami (NRT) and the somatosensory thalamic nuclei that project back to the cortex, leading to the typical generalized spike and wave oscillations. Given their shared anatomical basis, SWDs have been originally considered the pathological transition of 11-16 Hz bursts of neural oscillatory activity (the so-called sleep spindles) occurring during Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep, but more recent research revealed fundamental functional differences between sleep spindles and SWDs, suggesting the latter could be more closely related to the slow (<1 Hz) oscillations alternating active (Up) and silent (Down) cortical activity and concomitantly occurring during NREM. Indeed, several lines of evidence support the fact that SWDs impair sleep architecture as well as sleep/wake cycles and sleep pressure, which, in turn, affect seizure circadian frequency and distribution. Given the accumulating evidence on the role of astroglia in the field of epilepsy in the modulation of excitation and inhibition in the brain as well as on the development of aberrant synchronous network activity, we aim at pointing at putative contributions of astrocytes to the physiology of slow-wave sleep and to the pathology of SWDs. Particularly, we will address the astroglial functions known to be involved in the control of network excitability and synchronicity and so far mainly addressed in the context of convulsive seizures, namely (i) interstitial fluid homeostasis, (ii) K+ clearance and neurotransmitter uptake from the extracellular space and the synaptic cleft, (iii) gap junction mechanical and functional coupling as well as hemichannel function, (iv) gliotransmission, (v) astroglial Ca2+ signaling and downstream effectors, (vi) reactive astrogliosis and cytokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gobbo
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Anja Scheller
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
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25
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Deurveilher S, Golovin T, Hall S, Semba K. Microglia dynamics in sleep/wake states and in response to sleep loss. Neurochem Int 2020; 143:104944. [PMID: 33359188 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sleep has an essential role for optimal brain function, but the cellular substrates for sleep regulation are not fully understood. Microglia, the immune cells of the brain, have gained increasingly more attention over the last two decades for their important roles in various brain functions that extend beyond their well-known immune function, including brain development, neuronal protection, and synaptic plasticity. Here we review recent advances in understanding: i) morphological and phenotypic dynamics of microglia including process motility/growth and gene/protein expression, and ii) microglia-neuron interactions including phagocytosis and contact at synapses which alters neuronal circuit activity, both under physiological state in the adult brain. We discuss how the microglia-neuron interactions particularly at synapses could influence microglia and neuronal activities across circadian cycles and sleep/wake states. We also review recent findings on how microglia respond to sleep loss. We conclude by pointing out key questions and proposing suggestions for future research to better understand the role of microglia in sleep regulation, sleep homeostasis, and the function of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Deurveilher
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tatjana Golovin
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Shannon Hall
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kazue Semba
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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26
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Nakanishi H, Ni J, Nonaka S, Hayashi Y. Microglial circadian clock regulation of microglial structural complexity, dendritic spine density and inflammatory response. Neurochem Int 2020; 142:104905. [PMID: 33217515 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cortical microglia exhibit a ramified shape during sleep, while they have a hyper-ramified shape during wakefulness, which is characterized by their longer processes with increased branching points. The microglial molecular circadian clock regulates expressions of both cathepsin S (CatS) and P2Y12 receptors in the brain with a peak at zeitgeber time 14 (2 h after beginning of the dark phase). We postulated that these two microglia-specific molecules contribute to diurnal alterations of microglial shapes and neuronal activities in the cerebral cortex. During wakefulness, CatS secreted from cortical microglia may be involved in P2Y12 receptor-dependent process extension. Secreted CatS subsequently degrades the perineuronal nets, initiating the downscaling of both spine density and synaptic strength of cortical neurons toward the beginning of sleep. The downscaling of both spine density and synaptic strength of cortical neurons during sleep could improve signal-to-noise, which would benefit memory consolidation, or allow for new learning to occur during subsequent waking. Furthermore, disruption of CatS induces the sleep disturbance and impaired social interaction in mice. Moreover, the microglial clock system disruption may also play a role in the early pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The reduced expression of BMAL1 in cortical microglia caused by oligomeric amyloid β may induce the increased presence of inflammatory phenotype through a reduction in RORα, which in turn reduced IκBα and enhanced NF-κB activation. These observations suggest that the microglial clock system disruption contribute to pathogeneses of sleep disturbance, impaired social interaction and cognitive impairment. Therefore, the growing understanding of the microglial circadian molecular clock might aid in the development of novel pharmacological interventions against both neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan.
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Saori Nonaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
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27
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Tremblay ME, Madore C, Bordeleau M, Tian L, Verkhratsky A. Neuropathobiology of COVID-19: The Role for Glia. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:592214. [PMID: 33304243 PMCID: PMC7693550 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.592214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, which causes the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has a brain neurotropism through binding to the receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expressed by neurones and glial cells, including astrocytes and microglia. Systemic infection which accompanies severe cases of COVID-19 also triggers substantial increase in circulating levels of chemokines and interleukins that compromise the blood-brain barrier, enter the brain parenchyma and affect its defensive systems, astrocytes and microglia. Brain areas devoid of a blood-brain barrier such as the circumventricular organs are particularly vulnerable to circulating inflammatory mediators. The performance of astrocytes and microglia, as well as of immune cells required for brain health, is considered critical in defining the neurological damage and neurological outcome of COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2, the implication of neuroinflammation, adaptive and innate immunity, autoimmunity, as well as astrocytic and microglial immune and homeostatic functions in the neurological and psychiatric aspects of COVID-19. The consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection during ageing, in the presence of systemic comorbidities, and for the exposed pregnant mother and foetus are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Charlotte Madore
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maude Bordeleau
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Psychiatry Research Centre, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Leioa, Spain
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28
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Zhang P, Li YX, Zhang ZZ, Yang Y, Rao JX, Xia L, Li XY, Chen GH, Wang F. Astroglial Mechanisms Underlying Chronic Insomnia Disorder: A Clinical Study. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:693-704. [PMID: 33117005 PMCID: PMC7549496 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s263528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate whether the serum biomarkers S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) change in patients with chronic insomnia disorder (CID), and if this is the case, whether the altered levels of these serum biomarkers are associated with poor sleep quality and cognitive decline in CID. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-seven CID outpatients constituted the CID group; thirty healthy controls (HC) were also enrolled. Questionnaires, polysomnography, Chinese-Beijing Version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-C) and Nine Box Maze Test (NBMT) were used to assess their sleep and neuropsychological function. Serum S100B, GFAP, BDNF, and GDNF were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The CID group had higher levels of S100B and GFAP and lower levels of BDNF and GDNF than the HC group. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that poor sleep quality, assessed by subjective and objective measures, was positively correlated with S100B level and negatively correlated with BDNF level. GFAP level correlated positively with poor subjective sleep quality. Moreover, S100B and GFAP levels correlated negatively with general cognitive function assessed using MoCA-C. GFAP level correlated positively with poor spatial working memory (SWM) in the NBMT; BDNF level was linked to poor SWM and object recognition memory (ORcM) in the NBMT. However, principal component analysis revealed that serum S100B level was positively linked to the errors in object working memories, BDNF and GDNF concentrations were negatively linked with errors in ORcM, and GFAP concentration was positively correlated with the errors in the SWM and spatial reference memories. CONCLUSION Serum S100B, GFAP, BDNF, and GDNF levels were altered in patients with CID, indicating astrocyte damage, and were associated with insomnia severity or/and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Sleep Disorders, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Xue Li
- Department of Sleep Disorders, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Zhe Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Sleep Disorders, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Xian Rao
- Department of Sleep Disorders, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Xia
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Yan Li
- Department of Sleep Disorders, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Hai Chen
- Department of Sleep Disorders, The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China
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