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Yang J, An X, Lu B, Cao H, Cheng Z, Tong X, Liu H, Ni Y. Lignin: A multi-faceted role/function in 3D printing inks. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131364. [PMID: 38583844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
3D printing technology demonstrates significant potential for the rapid fabrication of tailored geometric structures. Nevertheless, the prevalent use of fossil-derived compositions in printable inks within the realm of 3D printing results in considerable environmental pollution and ecological consequences. Lignin, the second most abundant biomass source on earth, possesses attributes such as cost-effectiveness, renewability, biodegradability, and non-toxicity. Enriched with active functional groups including hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, and methyl, coupled with its rigid aromatic ring structure and inherent anti-oxidative and thermoplastic properties, lignin emerges as a promising candidate for formulating printable inks. This comprehensive review presents the utilization of lignin, either in conjunction with functional materials or through the modification of lignin derivatives, as the primary constituent (≥50 wt%) for formulating printable inks across photo-curing-based (SLA/DLP) and extrusion-based (DIW/FDM) printing technologies. Furthermore, lignin as an additive with multi-faceted roles/functions in 3D printing inks is explored. The effects of lignin on the properties of printing inks and printed objects are evaluated. Finally, this review outlines future perspectives, emphasizing key obstacles and potential opportunities for facilitating the high-value utilization of lignin in the realm of 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Xingye An
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Bin Lu
- Zhejiang Jingxing Paper Co., Ltd., No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province 314214, PR China
| | - Haibing Cao
- Zhejiang Jingxing Paper Co., Ltd., No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province 314214, PR China
| | - Zhengbai Cheng
- Zhejiang Jingxing Paper Co., Ltd., No. 1, Jingxing Industry Zone, Jingxing First Road, Caoqiao Street, Pinghu, Zhejiang Province 314214, PR China
| | - Xin Tong
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, PR China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
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2
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Wan Z, Zhang H, Niu M, Guo Y, Li H. Recent advances in lignin-based 3D printing materials: A mini-review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126660. [PMID: 37660847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
With the growing global population and rapid economic development, the demand for energy and raw materials is increasing, and the supply of fossil resources as the main source of energy and raw materials has reached a critical juncture. However, our overexploitation and overconsumption of fossil resources have led to serious problems, including environmental pollution, climate change, and ecosystem destruction. In the face of these challenges, we must recognize the negative impacts of the shortage of fossil resources and actively seek sustainable alternative sources of energy and resources to protect our environment and sustainable development in the future. Three-dimensional (3D) printing, an additive manufacturing technology, has been used in many fields to manufacture complex and high-precision products. While traditional manufacturing processes typically produce large amounts of waste and emissions that are harmful to the environment, 3D printing is much more energy efficient compared to traditional manufacturing methods, which helps to lower energy costs and reduce reliance on non-renewable energy sources. The development of low-carbon and environmentally friendly 3D printing materials can help to reduce carbon emissions and environmental pollution and realize the goal of sustainable development. Lignin, as the second largest renewable green biomass resource after cellulose, has great potential for manufacturing low-carbon and environmentally friendly 3D printing materials. This review presents some recent studies on the applications of lignin and its derivatives in photo-curing 3D printing, including the preparation and performance of lignin-based photosensitive prepolymers, lignin-based reactive diluents, lignin-based photo-initiators, and lignin-based additive. This review also provides recent studies on the preparation and performance of lignin-based thermoplastic polymer for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing. Finally, the future challenges and industrialization prospects of lignin-based 3D printing materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyuanye Wan
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- China National Pulp and Paper Research Institute Co. Ltd., Beijing 100102, China
| | - Meihong Niu
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yanzhu Guo
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Haiming Li
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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3
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Chu F, Wang W, Zhou Y, Xu Z, Zou B, Jiang X, Hu Y, Hu W. Fully bio-based and intrinsically flame retardant unsaturated polyester cross-linked with isosorbide-based diluents. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140371. [PMID: 37820874 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) are composed of prepolymers and styrene diluents, while the former are produced by co-polycondensation between diol, unsaturated diacid and saturated diacid. In this work, bio-based UPR prepolymers were synthesized from bio-based oxalic acid, itaconic acid, and ethylene glycol, which were then diluted with bio-based isosorbide methacrylate (MI). Meanwhile, the phenylphosphonate were introduced into the molecular chains of prepolymers to achieve intrinsic flame retardancy of bio-based UPR. The potential of the reactive MI diluents as substitutes of volatile styrene, was also assessed through the volatility test, curing kinetics and gel contents analysis. For UPR materials with styrene diluents, the UPR materials can achieve UL-94 V0 level and the 28% of limiting oxygen index (LOI) with 2.63 wt% of phosphorus contents. By contrast, the UPR materials with MI diluents can reach UL-94 V0 level with only 2.14 wt% of phosphorus contents. As the phosphorus contents were further increased to 2.63 wt%, UPR materials can achieve highest 29%, while the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) were decreased by 68.01% and 48.62%, respectively. The Flame Retardancy Index (FRI) was also used to comprehensively evaluate the flame retardant performance of UPR composites. Compared with neat UPR, the composites with MI diluents and phosphorus containing structures increased from 1.00 to 6.46. The mechanism for improved flame retardancy was analyzed from gaseous and condensed phase. Additionally, the tensile strengths of bio-based UPR materials with styrene and MI diluents were studied. This work provides an effective method to prepared high-performance and fully bio-based UPR materials with improved flame retardant properties and safety application of reactive diluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yifan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Zhoumei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Bin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Yandong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Weizhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
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4
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Hayes G, Laurel M, MacKinnon D, Zhao T, Houck HA, Becer CR. Polymers without Petrochemicals: Sustainable Routes to Conventional Monomers. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2609-2734. [PMID: 36227737 PMCID: PMC9999446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Access to a wide range of plastic materials has been rationalized by the increased demand from growing populations and the development of high-throughput production systems. Plastic materials at low costs with reliable properties have been utilized in many everyday products. Multibillion-dollar companies are established around these plastic materials, and each polymer takes years to optimize, secure intellectual property, comply with the regulatory bodies such as the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals and the Environmental Protection Agency and develop consumer confidence. Therefore, developing a fully sustainable new plastic material with even a slightly different chemical structure is a costly and long process. Hence, the production of the common plastic materials with exactly the same chemical structures that does not require any new registration processes better reflects the reality of how to address the critical future of sustainable plastics. In this review, we have highlighted the very recent examples on the synthesis of common monomers using chemicals from sustainable feedstocks that can be used as a like-for-like substitute to prepare conventional petrochemical-free thermoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Laurel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom
| | - Dan MacKinnon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom
| | - Tieshuai Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom
| | - Hannes A Houck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom.,Institute of Advanced Study, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom
| | - C Remzi Becer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, CV4 7ALCoventry, United Kingdom
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5
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Hua Q, Liu LY, Cho M, Karaaslan MA, Zhang H, Kim CS, Renneckar S. Functional Lignin Building Blocks: Reactive Vinyl Esters with Acrylic Acid. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:592-603. [PMID: 36705942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Introducing vinyl groups onto the backbone of technical lignin provides an opportunity to create highly reactive renewable polymers suitable for radical polymerization. In this work, the chemical modification of softwood kraft lignin was pursued with etherification, followed by direct esterification with acrylic acid (AA). In the first step, phenolic hydroxyl and carboxylic acid groups were derivatized into aliphatic hydroxyl groups using ethylene carbonate and an alkaline catalyst. The lignin was subsequently fractionated using a downward precipitation method to recover lignin of defined molar mass and solubility. After recovery, the resulting material was then esterified with AA, resulting in lignin with vinyl functional groups. The first step resulted in approximately 90% of phenolic hydroxyl groups being converted into aliphatic hydroxyls, while the downward fractionation resulted in three samples of lignin with defined molar masses. For the esterification reaction, the weight ratio of reagents, reaction temperature, and reaction time were evaluated as factors that would influence the modification efficacy. 13C NMR spectroscopy analysis of lignin samples before and after esterification showed that the optimized reaction conditions could reach approximately 40% substitution of aliphatic hydroxyl groups. Both steps only used lignin and the modifying reagent (no solvent), with the possibility of recovery and reuse of the reagent by dilution and distillation. An additional second esterification step of the resulting lignin sample with acetic acid or propionic acid converted 90% of remaining hydroxyl groups into short-chain carbon aliphatic esters, making a hydrophobic material suitable for further copolymerization with synthetic hydrophobic monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hua
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Li-Yang Liu
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mijung Cho
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Muzaffer A Karaaslan
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Huaiyu Zhang
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Chang Soo Kim
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Scott Renneckar
- Advanced Renewable Materials Lab, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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6
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Pantic O, Spasojevic M, Dzunuzovic E, Nikolic MS, Savic S, Markovic M, Spasojevic P. The Effect of Glycol Derivatives on the Properties of Bio-Based Unsaturated Polyesters. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14152970. [PMID: 35893934 PMCID: PMC9330890 DOI: 10.3390/polym14152970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of the present study was to prepare fully bio-based unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs) with comparable properties to the commercial formulations. The focus was set on the determination of the optimal prepolymer formulation using the same set of diacids (itaconic and succinic acid) and different diols (propylene glycol, isosorbide and neopentyl glycol) or its equimolar mixtures, keeping the fixed molar ratio of 1:1:2.1 in all feed compositions. Instead of commonly used styrene, bio-based dimethyl itaconate was used as a reactive diluent (RD). The rheology of the obtained resins was studied in detail. The effect of the used diol on structural (FTIR), thermal (DSC), thermomechanical (DMA), and mechanical (tensile) properties was explained. The properties of UPRs were found to be highly dependent on the diol used in the prepolymer formulation. The UPR with an equimolar ratio of propylene glycol and neopentyl glycol was shown to be the most promising candidate to compete with the commercial petroleum-based resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pantic
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Center of Excellence in Environmental Chemistry and Engineering, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (O.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Milica Spasojevic
- Innovative Centre of Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Enis Dzunuzovic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (E.D.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Marija S. Nikolic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (E.D.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Sanja Savic
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Center of Excellence in Environmental Chemistry and Engineering, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (O.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Maja Markovic
- Innovation Center of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Pavle Spasojevic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetog Save 65, 32000 Cacak, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381643331668
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7
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Bilal M, Qamar SA, Qamar M, Yadav V, Taherzadeh MJ, Lam SS, Iqbal HMN. Bioprospecting lignin biomass into environmentally friendly polymers—Applied perspective to reconcile sustainable circular bioeconomy. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13399-022-02600-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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8
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Kouznetsov VV, Vargas Méndez LY. Synthesis of eugenol‐based monomers for sustainable epoxy thermoplastic polymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V. Kouznetsov
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular, CMN, Parque Tecnológico Guatiguara, Universidad Industrial de Santander Bucaramanga Colombia
| | - Leonor Y. Vargas Méndez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular, CMN, Parque Tecnológico Guatiguara, Universidad Industrial de Santander Bucaramanga Colombia
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10
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O’Dea RM, Pranda PA, Luo Y, Amitrano A, Ebikade EO, Gottlieb ER, Ajao O, Benali M, Vlachos DG, Ierapetritou M, Epps TH. Ambient-pressure lignin valorization to high-performance polymers by intensified reductive catalytic deconstruction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj7523. [PMID: 35044829 PMCID: PMC8769544 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj7523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemocatalytic lignin valorization strategies are critical for a sustainable bioeconomy, as lignin, especially technical lignin, is one of the most available and underutilized aromatic feedstocks. Here, we provide the first report of an intensified reactive distillation–reductive catalytic deconstruction (RD-RCD) process to concurrently deconstruct technical lignins from diverse sources and purify the aromatic products at ambient pressure. We demonstrate the utility of RD-RCD bio-oils in high-performance additive manufacturing via stereolithography 3D printing and highlight its economic advantages over a conventional reductive catalytic fractionation/RCD process. As an example, our RD-RCD reduces the cost of producing a biobased pressure-sensitive adhesive from softwood Kraft lignin by up to 60% in comparison to the high-pressure RCD approach. Last, a facile screening method was developed to predict deconstruction yields using easy-to-obtain thermal decomposition data. This work presents an integrated lignin valorization approach for upgrading existing lignin streams toward the realization of economically viable biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. O’Dea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Paula A. Pranda
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Yuqing Luo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Alice Amitrano
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Elvis O. Ebikade
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, 221 Academy St., Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Eric R. Gottlieb
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Olumoye Ajao
- Natural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY, P.O. Box 4800, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S6, Canada
| | - Marzouk Benali
- Natural Resources Canada, CanmetENERGY, P.O. Box 4800, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S6, Canada
| | - Dionisios G. Vlachos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, 221 Academy St., Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Marianthi Ierapetritou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, 221 Academy St., Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Thomas H. Epps
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Center for Research in Soft matter and Polymers (CRiSP), University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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11
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Bonjour O, Nederstedt H, Arcos-Hernandez MV, Laanesoo S, Vares L, Jannasch P. Lignin-Inspired Polymers with High Glass Transition Temperature and Solvent Resistance from 4-Hydroxybenzonitrile, Vanillonitrile, and Syringonitrile Methacrylates. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2021; 9:16874-16880. [PMID: 34956739 PMCID: PMC8693774 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c07048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We here report on the synthesis and polymerization of nitrile-containing methacrylate monomers, prepared via straightforward nitrilation of the corresponding lignin-inspired aldehyde. The polymethacrylates reached exceptionally high glass transition temperatures (T g values), i.e., 150, 164, and 238 °C for the 4-hydroxybenzonitrile, vanillonitrile, and syringonitrile derivatives, respectively, and were thermally stable up to above 300 °C. Copolymerizations of the nitrile monomers with styrene and methyl methacrylate, respectively, gave potentially melt processable materials with tunable T g values and enhanced solvent resistance. The use of lignin-derived nitrile-containing monomers represents an efficient strategy toward well-defined biobased high T g polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Bonjour
- Center
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hannes Nederstedt
- Center
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Monica V. Arcos-Hernandez
- Center
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Siim Laanesoo
- Institute
of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Lauri Vares
- Institute
of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Patric Jannasch
- Center
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- Institute
of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
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12
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Kumar B, Agumba DO, Pham DH, Kim HC, Kim J. Recent progress in bio‐based eugenol resins: From synthetic strategies to structural properties and coating applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijender Kumar
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites Inha University Incheon South Korea
| | - Dickens O. Agumba
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites Inha University Incheon South Korea
| | - Duc H. Pham
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites Inha University Incheon South Korea
| | - Hyun Chan Kim
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites Inha University Incheon South Korea
| | - Jaehwan Kim
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites Inha University Incheon South Korea
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13
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Wood-Mimicking Bio-Based Biporous Polymeric Materials with Anisotropic Tubular Macropores. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162692. [PMID: 34451233 PMCID: PMC8399159 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding physical phenomena related to fluid flow transport in plants and especially through wood is still a major challenge for the scientific community. To this end, we have focused our attention on the design of wood-mimicking polymeric architectures through a strategy based on the double porogen templating approach which relies on the use of two distinct types of porogens, namely aligned nylon threads and a porogenic solvent, to produce macro- and nanoporosity levels, respectively. A bio-based phenolic functional monomer, i.e., vanillin methacrylate, was employed to mimic either hard wood or soft wood. Upon free-radical polymerization with a crosslinking agent in the presence of both types of porogenic agents, followed by their removal, biporous materials with anistotropic tubular macropores surrounded by a nanoporous matrix were obtained. They were further fully characterized in terms of porosity and chemical composition via mercury intrusion porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microtomography. It was demonstrated that the two porosity levels could be independently tuned by varying structural parameters. Further, the possibility to chemically modify the pore surface and thus to vary the material surface properties was successfully demonstrated by reductive amination with model compounds via Raman spectroscopy and water contact angle measurements.
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14
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Kury M, Ehrmann K, Harakály GA, Gorsche C, Liska R. Low volatile monofunctional reactive diluents for radiation curable formulations. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kury
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry Technische Universität Wien Vienna Austria
| | - Katharina Ehrmann
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry Technische Universität Wien Vienna Austria
| | | | - Christian Gorsche
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry Technische Universität Wien Vienna Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry Technische Universität Wien Vienna Austria
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15
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16
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Chen X, Zhou Z, Zhang H, Mao Y, Luo Z, Li X, Sha Y. Sustainable Thermoplastic Elastomers Derived from Lignin Bio‐Oils via an ABA Triblock Copolymer Strategy. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science College of Science Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science College of Science Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science College of Science Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Yipeng Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science College of Science Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Zhenyang Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science College of Science Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Xiang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Ye Sha
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science College of Science Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
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17
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Droesbeke MA, Aksakal R, Simula A, Asua JM, Du Prez FE. Biobased acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Sternberg J, Sequerth O, Pilla S. Green chemistry design in polymers derived from lignin: review and perspective. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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High-performance gum rosin-modified hyperbranched vinyl ester resin derived from multifunctional pentaerythritol. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Ge M, Miao JT, Zhang K, Wu Y, Zheng L, Wu L. Building biobased, degradable, flexible polymer networks from vanillin via thiol–ene “click” photopolymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01407a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new biobased allyl ether monomer with acetal groups is synthesized from renewable vanillin for building flexible transparent thiol–ene networks with good degradability under mild acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
| | - Jia-Tao Miao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
| | - Kai Zhang
- Zhicheng College
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350002
- China
| | - Yadong Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
| | - Longhui Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
| | - Lixin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
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21
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Ethyl cellulose based self-healing adhesives synthesized via RAFT and aromatic schiff-base chemistry. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116846. [PMID: 33049809 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and Schiff base chemistry was combined to fabricate self-healing adhesives. An esterification reaction was first performed to prepare ethyl cellulose based macroinitiators. Then, a "grafting from" RAFT of vanillin methacrylate and lauryl methacrylate was used to obtain graft copolymers. DSC result showed that the glass transition temperature was manipulated via changing the ratio of vanillin and fatty acids moieties. NMR spectrum analysis demonstrated the presence of aldehyde groups, which were available for the dynamic crosslinking to generate a network as self-healing adhesives. The adhesive test showed that the shear strength could reach 0.81 MPa with a self-healing efficiency of 98.7 %. The bottlebrush structures of copolymers and reversibility of Schiff base chemistry might collaboratively contribute to the high self-healing efficiency. This study provides a facile way to fabricate high-performance self-healing adhesives from ethyl cellulose and renewable resources.
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22
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Delaite C, Bistac S, Dreyer E, Schuller A. Influence of glass transition temperature of crosslinked unsaturated polyester resin/styrene formulations on the final conversion after an isothermal curing at 100°C. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Delaite
- Laboratoire de Photochimie et d'Ingénierie MacromoléculairesUniversité de Haute Alsace, 3b rue Alfred Werner Mulhouse cedex France
| | - Sophie Bistac
- Laboratoire de Photochimie et d'Ingénierie MacromoléculairesUniversité de Haute Alsace, 3b rue Alfred Werner Mulhouse cedex France
| | - Elodie Dreyer
- Laboratoire de Photochimie et d'Ingénierie MacromoléculairesUniversité de Haute Alsace, 3b rue Alfred Werner Mulhouse cedex France
| | - Anne‐Sophie Schuller
- Laboratoire de Photochimie et d'Ingénierie MacromoléculairesUniversité de Haute Alsace, 3b rue Alfred Werner Mulhouse cedex France
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23
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Chen J, Liu H, Zhang W, Lv L, Liu Z. Thermosets resins prepared from soybean oil and lignin derivatives with high biocontent, superior thermal properties, and biodegradability. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junying Chen
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Polymers and Related Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Hua Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of New Anticorrosion Material Shanghai 200237 China
- Sino Polymer Co., Ltd. Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Polymers and Related Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Lina Lv
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Polymers and Related Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Zuozhen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Polymers and Related Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of New Anticorrosion Material Shanghai 200237 China
- Sino Polymer Co., Ltd. Shanghai 200237 China
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24
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Ma Y, Tan W, Wang J, Xu J, Wang K, Jiang J. Liquefaction of bamboo biomass and production of three fractions containing aromatic compounds. JOURNAL OF BIORESOURCES AND BIOPRODUCTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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25
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O’Dea RM, Willie JA, Epps TH. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Polymers from Lignocellulosic Biomass. Current Challenges and Future Opportunities. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:476-493. [PMID: 35648496 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable polymers from lignocellulosic biomass have the potential to reduce the environmental impact of commercial plastics while also offering significant performance and cost benefits relative to petrochemical-derived macromolecules. However, most currently available biobased polymers are hampered by insufficient thermomechanical properties, low economic feasibility (e.g., high relative cost), and reduced scalability in comparison to petroleum-based incumbents. Future biobased materials must overcome these limitations to be competitive in the marketplace. Additionally, sustainability challenges at the beginning and end of the polymer lifecycle need to be addressed using green chemistry practices and improved end-of-life waste management strategies. This viewpoint provides an overview of recent developments that can mitigate many concerns with present materials and discusses key aspects of next-generation, biobased polymers derived from lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. O’Dea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jordan A. Willie
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Thomas H. Epps
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Center for Research in Soft matter and Polymers (CRiSP), University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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26
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Jahandideh A, Moini N, Bajgholi S, Zohuriaan‐Mehr MJ, Kabiri K. Making vinyl ester resin greener: Succinic acid–glycerol‐derived reactive diluent as an alternative to styrene. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Jahandideh
- Adhesive and Resin Department, Polymer Processing FacultyIran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI) Tehran Iran
| | - Nasrin Moini
- Adhesive and Resin Department, Polymer Processing FacultyIran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI) Tehran Iran
| | - Sara Bajgholi
- Adhesive and Resin Department, Polymer Processing FacultyIran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI) Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalal Zohuriaan‐Mehr
- Adhesive and Resin Department, Polymer Processing FacultyIran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI) Tehran Iran
- Biobased Monomers and Polymers Division (BIOBASED Division)Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI) Tehran Iran
| | - Koroush Kabiri
- Adhesive and Resin Department, Polymer Processing FacultyIran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI) Tehran Iran
- Biobased Monomers and Polymers Division (BIOBASED Division)Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI) Tehran Iran
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27
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Veith C, Diot-Néant F, Miller SA, Allais F. Synthesis and polymerization of bio-based acrylates: a review. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01222j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Acrylates and polyacrylates have been produced massively due to their interesting applications like Plexiglas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Veith
- URD Agro-biotechnologie Industrielles (ABI)
- CEBB
- AgroParisTech
- Pomacle
- France
| | - Florian Diot-Néant
- URD Agro-biotechnologie Industrielles (ABI)
- CEBB
- AgroParisTech
- Pomacle
- France
| | - Stephen A. Miller
- The George and Josephine Butler Laboratory for Polymer Research
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-biotechnologie Industrielles (ABI)
- CEBB
- AgroParisTech
- Pomacle
- France
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28
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Wu Y, Fei M, Qiu R, Liu W, Qiu J. A Review on Styrene Substitutes in Thermosets and Their Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11111815. [PMID: 31694245 PMCID: PMC6918274 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, tremendous interest and technological development have been poured into thermosets and their composites. The thermosets and composites with unsaturated double bonds curing system are especially concerned due to their versatility. To further exploit such resins, reactive diluents (RDs) with unsaturated sites are usually incorporated to improve their processability and mechanical properties. Traditional RD, styrene, is a toxic volatile organic compound and one of the anticipated carcinogens warned by the National Institute of Health, USA. Most efforts have been conducted on reducing the usage of styrene in the production of thermosets and their composites, while very few works have systematically summarized these literatures. Herein, recent developments regarding styrene substitutes in thermosets and their composites are reviewed. Potential styrene alternatives, such as vinyl derivatives of benzene and (methyl)acrylates are discussed in details. Emphasis is focused on the strategies on developing novel RD monomers through grafting unsaturated functional groups on renewable feedstocks such as carbohydrates, lignin, and fatty acids. This review also highlights the development and characteristics of RD monomers and their influence on processability and mechanical performance of the resulting thermosets and composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Wu
- College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.W.); (M.F.)
| | - Mingen Fei
- College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.W.); (M.F.)
| | - Renhui Qiu
- College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.W.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: (R.Q.); (W.L.); Tel.: +86-591-8370-7685 (R.Q. & W.L.)
| | - Wendi Liu
- College of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.W.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: (R.Q.); (W.L.); Tel.: +86-591-8370-7685 (R.Q. & W.L.)
| | - Jianhui Qiu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Systems Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 015-0055, Japan;
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29
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Fabrication of green composites based on rice bran oil and anhydride cross-linkers. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-019-00715-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Zhang H, Zhao R, Pan M, Deng J, Wu Y. Biobased, Porous Poly(high internal phase emulsions): Prepared from Biomass-Derived Vanillin and Laurinol and Applied as an Oil Adsorbent. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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31
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Barde M, Edmunds CW, Labbé N, Auad ML. Fast pyrolysis bio-oil from lignocellulosic biomass for the development of bio-based cyanate esters and cross-linked networks. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008319829517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fast pyrolysis of pine wood was carried out to yield a liquid bio-oil mixture that was separated into organic and aqueous phases. The organic phase (ORG-bio-oil) was characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy, 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. It was further used as a raw material for producing a mixture of biphenolic compounds (ORG-biphenol). ORG-bio-oil, ORG-biphenol, and bisphenol-A were reacted with cyanogen bromide to yield cyanate ester monomers. Cyanate esters were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy and were thermally cross-linked to develop thermoset materials. Thermomechanical properties of cross-linked cyanate esters were assessed using dynamic mechanical analysis and compared with those of cross-linked bisphenol-A-based cyanate ester. ORG-biphenol cyanate ester was observed to have a superior glass transition temperature (350–380°C) as compared to bisphenol-A cyanate ester (190–220°C). Cyanate esters derived from bio-oil have the potential to be a sustainable alternative to the bisphenol-A-derived analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehul Barde
- Center for Polymers and Advanced Composites, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Nicole Labbé
- Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maria Lujan Auad
- Center for Polymers and Advanced Composites, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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32
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Ding R, Du Y, Goncalves RB, Francis LF, Reineke TM. Sustainable near UV-curable acrylates based on natural phenolics for stereolithography 3D printing. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01652f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Photocured polymers have recently gained tremendous interest for a wide range of applications especially industrial prototyping/additive manufacturing. This work aims to develop natural phenolic-based (meth)acrylates to expand the use of sustainable and mechanically robust 3D printable formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Polymers
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Yuyang Du
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | | | - Lorraine F. Francis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Polymers
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
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33
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Chen Q, Ren T, Chai Y, Guo Y, Ingram IDV, North M, Xie H, Kent Zhao Z. Preparation of Novel Aromatic‐Aliphatic Poly(ketone ester)s through Condensation of Biomass‐Derived Monomers. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Chen
- Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering College of Materials & MetallurgyGuizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - Tianhua Ren
- Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering College of Materials & MetallurgyGuizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - Yang Chai
- Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering College of Materials & MetallurgyGuizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - Yuanlong Guo
- Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering College of Materials & MetallurgyGuizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - Ian D. V. Ingram
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence Department of ChemistryUniversity of York York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Michael North
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence Department of ChemistryUniversity of York York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Haibo Xie
- Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering College of Materials & MetallurgyGuizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
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Rajan K, Mann JK, English E, Harper DP, Carrier DJ, Rials TG, Labbé N, Chmely SC. Sustainable Hydrogels Based on Lignin-Methacrylate Copolymers with Enhanced Water Retention and Tunable Material Properties. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2665-2672. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalavathy Rajan
- Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jeffrey K. Mann
- Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Eldon English
- Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Faculty of Sciences, Halls Middle School, 4317 East Emory Road, Knoxville, Tennessee 37938, United States
| | - David P. Harper
- Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Danielle Julie Carrier
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Timothy G. Rials
- Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Nicole Labbé
- Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Stephen C. Chmely
- Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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35
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Thakur VK, Gao Z, Gu J, Kessler MR. High‐performance thermosets with tailored properties derived from methacrylated eugenol and epoxy‐based vinyl ester. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Washington State University Pullman WA USA
| | - Yuzhan Li
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Washington State University Pullman WA USA
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Washington State University Pullman WA USA
- Enhanced Composites and Structures Center, School of Aerospace Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University UK
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Jiyou Gu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Michael R Kessler
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Washington State University Pullman WA USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA
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36
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Abdelaty MSA. Environmental functional photo-cross-linked hydrogel bilayer thin films from vanillin (part 2): temperature-responsive layer A, functional, temperature and pH layer B. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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37
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Kakuchi R, Yoshida S, Sasaki T, Kanoh S, Maeda K. Multi-component post-polymerization modification reactions of polymers featuring lignin-model compounds. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01923h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biomass derived aromatic aldehydes, vanillin and syringaldehyde, were integrated with multicomponent reaction based polymer synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Kakuchi
- Division of Molecular Science
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Gunma University
- Kiryu 376-8515
- Japan
| | - Satoshi Yoshida
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa 920-1192
- Japan
| | - Takasuke Sasaki
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa 920-1192
- Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Kanoh
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa 920-1192
- Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Maeda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa 920-1192
- Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI)
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38
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Thakur VK, Wang L, Gu J, Gao Z, Fan B, Wu Q, Kessler MR. Bio-based reactive diluents as sustainable replacements for styrene in MAESO resin. RSC Adv 2018; 8:13780-13788. [PMID: 35539344 PMCID: PMC9079840 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00339d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Four different biorenewable methacrylated/acrylated monomers, namely, methacrylated fatty acid (MFA), methacrylated eugenol (ME), isobornyl methacrylate (IM), and isobornyl acrylate (IA) were employed as reactive diluents (RDs) to replace styrene (St) in a maleinated acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (MAESO) resin to produce bio-based thermosetting resins using free radical polymerization. The curing kinetics, gelation times, double bond conversions, thermal–mechanical properties, and thermal stabilities of MAESO-RD resin systems were characterized using DSC, rheometer, FT-IR, DMA, and TGA. The results indicate that all four RD monomers possess high bio-based carbon content (BBC) ranging from 63.2 to 76.9% and low volatilities (less than 7 wt% loss after being held isothermally at 30 °C for 5 h). Moreover, the viscosity of the MAESO-RD systems can be tailored to acceptable levels to fit the requirements for liquid molding techniques. Because of the introduction of RDs to the MAESO resin, the reaction mixtures showed an improved reactivity and an accelerated reaction rate. FT-IR results showed that almost all the C
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C double bonds within MAESO-RD systems were converted. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the MAESO-RDs ranged from 44.8 to 100.8 °C, thus extending the range of application. More importantly, the Tg of MAESO-ME resin (98.1 °C) was comparable to that of MAESO-St resin (100.8 °C). Overall, this work provided four potential RDs candidates to completely replace styrene in the MAESO resin, with the ME monomer being the most promising one. This paper reports four promising, sustainable reactive diluents to completely replace styrene for a commercially available MAESO resin.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Zhang
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
| | - Yuzhan Li
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
- Enhanced Composites and Structures Center
| | - Liwei Wang
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
| | - Jiyou Gu
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Fan
- College of Material Science and Engineering
- Northeast Forestry University
- Harbin 150040
- P. R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
| | - Michael R. Kessler
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
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Chi K, Catchmark JM. Sustainable Development of Polysaccharide Polyelectrolyte Complexes as Eco-Friendly Barrier Materials for Packaging Applications. GREEN POLYMER CHEMISTRY: NEW PRODUCTS, PROCESSES, AND APPLICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2018-1310.ch008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chi
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 226 Agricultural Engineering Building, Shortlidge Road, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Catchmark
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 226 Agricultural Engineering Building, Shortlidge Road, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Tsuchiya K, Numata K. Protease-Catalyzed Polymerization of Tripeptide Esters Containing Unnatural Amino Acids: α,α-Disubstituted and N-Alkylated Amino Acids. GREEN POLYMER CHEMISTRY: NEW PRODUCTS, PROCESSES, AND APPLICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2018-1310.ch007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kousuke Tsuchiya
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Yadav SK, Schmalbach KM, Kinaci E, Stanzione JF, Palmese GR. Recent advances in plant-based vinyl ester resins and reactive diluents. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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42
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Reis MH, Davidson CLG, Leibfarth FA. Continuous-flow chemistry for the determination of comonomer reactivity ratios. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01938f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Continuous-flow chemistry provides an operationally simple and reproducible method for the determination of comonomer reactivity ratios in a single afternoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus H. Reis
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Cullen L. G. Davidson
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Frank A. Leibfarth
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
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Panic VV, Seslija SI, Popovic IG, Spasojevic VD, Popovic AR, Nikolic VB, Spasojevic PM. Simple One-Pot Synthesis of Fully Biobased Unsaturated Polyester Resins Based on Itaconic Acid. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:3881-3891. [PMID: 29064227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For the preparation of fully biobased unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs), the replacement of styrene with alternate nonpetroleum-based monomers turned out to be one of the most challenging tasks. Its complexity lies in the fact that reactive diluents (RD) have to have low viscosity and volatility, good compatibility with prepolymer, and capability to homopolymerize and copolymerize with its unsaturations. In this context, we directed our efforts to develop fully biobased UPRs using the dialkyl itaconates as an alternative to styrene. Therefore, a series of 100% biobased UPRs were prepared from itaconic acid and 1,2-propandiol and diluted by dialkyl itaconates. The resins were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, NMR, volatility, and viscosity measurements, while the cured samples were characterized by dynamic mechanical properties, thermomechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis data, and tensile tests. The influence of RD structure on the properties of cured samples was discussed in detail. It was shown that the prepared resins had evaporation rates of dialkyl itaconates of several orders of magnitude less compared to styrene. The cured resins with dimethyl itaconate showed comparable or even better thermal and mechanical properties compared to the one with styrene. This investigation showed that itaconic acid and dialkyl itaconates are promising bioresources for the preparation of fully biobased UPRs for mass consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna V Panic
- Innovation Center of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade , 4 Karnegijeva Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja I Seslija
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade , 12 Njegoseva Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivanka G Popovic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade , 4 Karnegijeva Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vuk D Spasojevic
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade , P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar R Popovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade , Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir B Nikolic
- Innovation Center, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade , Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pavle M Spasojevic
- Innovation Center of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade , 4 Karnegijeva Street, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Kragujevac , 65 Svetog Save Street, 32000 Cacak, Serbia
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Virtanen T, Reinikainen SP, Kögler M, Mänttäri M, Viitala T, Kallioinen M. Real-time fouling monitoring with Raman spectroscopy. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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Dai J, Ma S, Teng N, Dai X, Shen X, Wang S, Liu X, Zhu J. 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid- and Itaconic Acid-Derived Fully Biobased Unsaturated Polyesters and Their Cross-Linked Networks. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue Dai
- Ningbo
Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Songqi Ma
- Ningbo
Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China
| | - Na Teng
- Ningbo
Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China
| | - Xinyan Dai
- Ningbo
Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Shen
- Ningbo
Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Ningbo
Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Ningbo
Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Ningbo
Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, PR China
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47
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Dai J, Ma S, Zhu L, Wang S, Yang L, Song Z, Liu X, Zhu J. UV-thermal dual cured anti-bacterial thiol-ene networks with superior performance from renewable resources. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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48
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Experimental Data Extraction and in Silico Prediction of the Estrogenic Activity of Renewable Replacements for Bisphenol A. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13070705. [PMID: 27420082 PMCID: PMC4962246 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13070705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous compound used in polymer manufacturing for a wide array of applications; however, increasing evidence has shown that BPA causes significant endocrine disruption and this has raised public concerns over safety and exposure limits. The use of renewable materials as polymer feedstocks provides an opportunity to develop replacement compounds for BPA that are sustainable and exhibit unique properties due to their diverse structures. As new bio-based materials are developed and tested, it is important to consider the impacts of both monomers and polymers on human health. Molecular docking simulations using the Estrogenic Activity Database in conjunction with the decision forest were performed as part of a two-tier in silico model to predict the activity of 29 bio-based platform chemicals in the estrogen receptor-α (ERα). Fifteen of the candidates were predicted as ER binders and fifteen as non-binders. Gaining insight into the estrogenic activity of the bio-based BPA replacements aids in the sustainable development of new polymeric materials.
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Bassett AW, Rogers DP, Sadler JM, La Scala JJ, Wool RP, Stanzione JF. The effect of impurities in reactive diluents prepared from lignin model compounds on the properties of vinyl ester resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W. Bassett
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Rowan University; Glassboro New Jersey 08028
| | - Daniel P. Rogers
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Rowan University; Glassboro New Jersey 08028
| | - Joshua M. Sadler
- Department of the Army, Weapons & Materials Research Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, RDRL-WMM-C & RDRL-WM; Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland 21005
| | - John J. La Scala
- Department of the Army, Weapons & Materials Research Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, RDRL-WMM-C & RDRL-WM; Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland 21005
| | - Richard P. Wool
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Composite Materials; University of Delaware; Newark Delaware 19716
| | - Joseph F. Stanzione
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Rowan University; Glassboro New Jersey 08028
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Composite Materials; University of Delaware; Newark Delaware 19716
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50
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Holmberg AL, Reno KH, Nguyen NA, Wool RP, Epps TH. Syringyl Methacrylate, a Hardwood Lignin-Based Monomer for High- Tg Polymeric Materials. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:574-578. [PMID: 27213117 PMCID: PMC4872261 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As viable precursors to a diverse array of macromolecules, biomass-derived compounds must impart wide-ranging and precisely controllable properties to polymers. Herein, we report the synthesis and subsequent reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization of a new monomer, syringyl methacrylate (SM, 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl methacrylate), that can facilitate widespread property manipulations in macromolecules. Homopolymers and heteropolymers synthesized from SM and related monomers have broadly tunable and highly controllable glass transition temperatures ranging from 114 to 205 °C and zero-shear viscosities ranging from ∼0.2 kPa·s to ∼17,000 kPa·s at 220 °C, with consistent thermal stabilities. The tailorability of these properties is facilitated by the controlled polymerization kinetics of SM and the fact that one vs two o-methoxy groups negligibly affect monomer reactivity. Moreover, syringol, the precursor to SM, is an abundant component of depolymerized hardwood (e.g., oak) and graminaceous (e.g., switchgrass) lignins, making SM a potentially sustainable and low-cost candidate for tailoring macromolecular properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L. Holmberg
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, ‡Center for Composite Materials, and §Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Kaleigh H. Reno
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, ‡Center for Composite Materials, and §Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Ngoc A. Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, ‡Center for Composite Materials, and §Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Richard P. Wool
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, ‡Center for Composite Materials, and §Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Thomas H. Epps
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, ‡Center for Composite Materials, and §Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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