Sulfur-doped carbons prepared from eutectic mixtures containing hydroxymethylthiophene as metal-free oxygen reduction catalysts

Carbon and carbon composites obtained using deep eutectic solvents and aqueous dilutions thereof

Extending the “all-in-one” features of DESs to DES/H₂O binary mixtures.

Carbon-GO Composites with Preferential Water versus Ethanol Uptake

The elimination of small amounts of water from alcohols is by no means a trivial issue in many practical applications like, for instance, the dehumidification of biocombustibles. The use of carbonaceous materials as sorbents has been far less explored than that of other materials because their hydrophobic character has typically limited their water uptake. Herein, we designed a synthetic process based on the use of eutectic mixtures that allowed the homogeneous dispersion of graphene oxide (GO) in the liquid containing the carbon precursor, e.g., furfuryl alcohol. Thus, after polymerization and a subsequent carbonization process, we were able to obtain porous carbon-GO composites where the combination of pore diameter and surface hydrophilicity provided a remarkable capacity for water uptake but extremely low methanol and ethanol uptake along the entire range of relative pressures evaluated in this work. Both the neat water uptake and the uptake difference between water and either methanol or ethanol of our carbon-GO composites were similar or eventually better than the uptake previously reported for other materials, also exhibiting preferential water-to-alcohol adsorption, e.g., porous coordination polymers, metal-organic frameworks, polyoxometalates, and covalent two-dimensional nanosheets embedded in a polymer matrix. Moreover, water versus alcohol uptake was particularly remarkable at low partial pressures in our carbon-GO composites.

Singlet oxygen-dominated non-radical oxidation process for efficient degradation of bisphenol A under high salinity condition

The degradation of organic contaminants under high salinity condition is still a challenge for environmental remediation due to the inhibiting effect resulted from the side reactions between radicals and anions. Here, we demonstrate the non-radical oxidation process via peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation by metal-free carbon catalyst for efficiently decomposing bisphenol A (BPA) in saline water. The nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon (NGC700) exhibits excellent catalytic activity for depredating BPA at acid and neutral pH. Based on the scavenger experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analyses, the mechanism of catalytic oxidation was elucidated as the non-radical pathway, and singlet oxygen was identified as the primary reactive species. Experiments on the influence of anions (5-500 mM) further show that the inhibiting effect was overcame due to the non-radical process. Interestingly, Cl^- markedly facilitated the catalytic performance by generating HOCl in the catalytic process. The results highlight leveraging the non-radical pathway dominated by singlet oxygen to conquer the inhibitory effect of anions in NGC700/PMS system, which represents a crucial step towards environmental remediation under high salinity condition.

Crucial Factors for the Application of Functional Nanoporous Carbon-Based Materials in Energy and Environmental Applications

This special issue of C—Journal of Carbon Research is dedicated to “Functional Nanoporous Carbon-Based Materials”. It contains contributions reporting on the synthesis of nanoporous carbons for the adsorption of proteins, their applications in electrochemical energy storage/conversion, and on the characterization/modification of their surface chemistry. Nanoporous carbon-based materials are widely researched, but at the same time, the field is still full of unutilized potential. The atomic construction of the carbon framework, pore sizes, pore geometries, presence of heteroatoms, particle size and shape, and many other “internal screws” are available; in the end, the high potential of carbon-based materials will only be fully explored if the interplay of these crucial factors is precisely controlled. This article is a summary of what we consider important for future targeted improvement of porous carbon nanomaterials for energy and environmental applications.

Deep-Eutectic Solvents Derived Nitrogen-Doped Graphitic Carbon as a Superior Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction

The activity and stability of electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) essentially depends on its structural and compositional properties. Herein, we report the facile preparation of nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon (NGC) via the pyrolysis of deep-eutectic solvents (DESs) as a superior electrocatalyst for ORR. The resulting NGCs possess high surface areas, rich nitrogen content, and favorable graphitization degree, all of which are highly desired for the ORR catalysts. The effects of the pyrolysis temperature on the ORR performance of the final products are explored. The results implied that the material fabricated at 900 °C (NGC900) is identified as the best ORR catalyst in the series of samples. Specifically, NGC900 shows efficient performance toward ORR with an onset potential of 0.97 V and a half potential of 0.84 V, which bears comparison with the commercial Pt/C catalyst with enhanced stability in the alkaline media. The superior ORR performance of NGC900 may be ascribed to the balance between the surface area, pyridinic nitrogen, and defect of NGCs. The rational design of NGCs with an efficient ORR activity and stability based on the low-cost DESs implies adequate support for the development of energy devices in practical application.