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Shi Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Li J, Fu Q, Zhu X, Liao Q. A Self-Stratified Thermally Regenerative Battery Using Nanoprism Cu Covering Ni Electrodes for Low-Grade Waste Heat Recovery. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1663-1673. [PMID: 36757095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Developing a low-cost and high-performance thermally regenerative battery (TRB) is significant for recovering low-grade waste heat. A self-stratified TRB induced by the density difference between electrolytes is proposed to remove the commercial anion exchange membrane (AEM) and avoid ammonia crossover. The simulation and experiment results show the uneven distribution of NH3, verifying the feasibility of self-stratified electrolytes. For better power generation performance, nanoprism Cu covering Ni electrodes with a high specific surface area and a stable framework are adopted to provide more reaction active sites for fast charge transfer during discharge. A maximum power density (12.7 mW cm-2) and a theoretical heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 2.4% (relative to Carnot efficiency of 27.5%) are obtained in the self-stratified TRB employing nanoprism Cu covering Ni electrodes. Moreover, the cost-effectiveness, simple structure, and sustainable discharge operation indicate that it will be a potential choice for energy conversion from low-grade heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Qian Fu
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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2
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Zhang H, Lek DG, Huang S, Lee YM, Wang Q. Efficient Low-Grade Heat Conversion and Storage with an Activity-Regulated Redox Flow Cell via a Thermally Regenerative Electrochemical Cycle. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202266. [PMID: 35767369 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and cost-effective technologies are highly desired to convert the tremendous amount of low-grade waste heat to electricity. Although the thermally regenerative electrochemical cycle (TREC) has attracted increasing attention recently, the unsatisfactory thermal-to-electrical conversion efficiency and low power density limit its practical applications. In this work, a thermosensitive Nernstian-potential-driven strategy in the TREC system is demonstrated to boost its temperature coefficient, power density, and thermoelectric conversion efficiency by rationally regulating the activities of redox couples at different temperatures. With a Zn anode and [Fe(CN)6 ]4-/3- -guanidinium as the catholyte, the TREC flow cell presents an unprecedented average temperature coefficient of -3.28 mV K-1 , and achieves an absolute thermoelectric efficiency of 25.1% and apparent thermoelectric efficiency of 14.9% relative to the Carnot efficiency in the temperature range of 25-50 °C at 1 mA cm-2 . In addition, a thermoelectric power density of 1.98 mW m-2 K-2 is demonstrated, which is more than 7 times the highest power density of reported TREC systems. This activity regulation strategy can inspire research into high-efficiency and high-power TREC devices for practical low-grade heat harnessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Dao Gen Lek
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Shiqiang Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Yann Mei Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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3
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Zhang L, Lu Z, Chen P, Li J, Fu Q, Zhu X, Liao Q. An environmentally friendly gradient treatment system of copper-containing wastewater by coupling thermally regenerative battery and electrodeposition cell. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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4
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Qian X, Shin J, Tu Y, Zhang JH, Chen G. Thermally regenerative electrochemically cycled flow batteries with pH neutral electrolytes for harvesting low-grade heat. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:22501-22514. [PMID: 34590664 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01988k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Harvesting waste heat with temperatures lower than 100 °C can improve the system efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, yet it has been a longstanding and challenging task. Electrochemical methods for harvesting low-grade heat have aroused research interest in recent years due to the relatively high effective temperature coefficient of the electrolytes (>1 mV K-1) compared with the thermopower of traditional thermoelectric devices. Compared with other electrochemical devices such as the temperature-variation based thermally regenerative electrochemical cycle and temperature-difference based thermogalvanic cells, the thermally regenerative electrochemically cycled flow battery (TREC-FB) has the advantages of providing a continuous power output, decoupling the heat source and heat sink, and recuperating heat, and compatible with stacking for scaling up. However, the TREC-FB suffers from the issue of stable operation due to the challenge of pH matching between catholyte and anolyte solutions with desirable temperature coefficients. In this work, we demonstrate a pH-neutral TREC-FB based on KI/KI3 and K3Fe(CN)6/K4Fe(CN)6 as the catholyte and anolyte, respectively, with a cell temperature coefficient of 1.9 mV K-1 and a power density of 9 μW cm-2. This work also presents a comprehensive model with a coupled analysis of mass transfer and reaction kinetics in a porous electrode that can accurately capture the flow rate dependence of the power density and energy conversion efficiency. We estimate that the efficiency of the pH-neutral TREC-FB can reach nearly 9% of the Carnot efficiency at the maximum power output with a temperature difference of 37 K. Via analysis, we identify that the mass transfer overpotential inside the porous electrode and the resistance of the ion exchange membrane are the two major factors limiting the efficiency and power density, pointing to directions for future improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Jungwoo Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Yaodong Tu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - James Han Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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5
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Petrov MM, Modestov AD, Konev DV, Antipov AE, Loktionov PA, Pichugov RD, Kartashova NV, Glazkov AT, Abunaeva LZ, Andreev VN, Vorotyntsev MA. Redox flow batteries: role in modern electric power industry and comparative characteristics of the main types. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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6
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Shi Y, Zhang L, Li J, Fu Q, Zhu X, Liao Q, Zhang Y. Effect of operating parameters on the performance of thermally regenerative ammonia-based battery for low-temperature waste heat recovery. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Wang W, Yang S, Huo D, Tian H, Li S, Zhu X, Shu G. Understanding the reaction mechanism and self-discharge of a bimetallic thermally-regenerative ammonia battery. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Rivera-Pousa A, Otero-Mato JM, Coronas A, Stone AJ, Lynden-Bell RM, Méndez-Morales T, Varela LM. The interaction of ammonia with the protic ionic liquid ethylammonium nitrate: A simulation study. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Chen P, Shi Y, Zhang L, Li J, Zhu X, Fu Q, Liao Q. Performance of a Thermally Regenerative Battery with 3D-Printed Cu/C Composite Electrodes: Effect of Electrode Pore Size. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Qian Fu
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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10
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Facchinetti I, Cobani E, Brogioli D, La Mantia F, Ruffo R. Thermally Regenerable Redox Flow Battery. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5460-5467. [PMID: 32833306 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The efficient production of energy from low-temperature heat sources (below 100 °C) would open the doors to the exploitation of a huge amount of heat sources such as solar, geothermal, and industrial waste heat. Thermal regenerable redox-flow batteries (TRBs) are flow batteries that store energy in concentration cells that can be recharged by distillation at temperature <100 °C, exploiting low-temperature heat sources. Using a single membrane cell setup and a suitable redox couple (LiBr/Br2 ), a TRB has been developed that is able to store a maximum volumetric energy of 25.5 Wh dm-3 , which can be delivered at a power density of 8 W m-2 . After discharging 30 % of the volumetric energy, a total heat-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency of 4 % is calculated, the highest value reported so far in harvesting of low-temperature heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Facchinetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Via Cozzi, 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
| | - Elkid Cobani
- Dipartimento di Scienze dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Via Cozzi, 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
| | - Doriano Brogioli
- Energiespeicher- und Energiewandlersysteme, Universität Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Fabio La Mantia
- Energiespeicher- und Energiewandlersysteme, Universität Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Riccardo Ruffo
- Dipartimento di Scienze dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Via Cozzi, 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
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11
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Wang W, Huo D, Tian H, Zhu X, Shu G. Temperature characteristics of a copper/zinc thermally-regenerative ammonia battery. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Removals of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Ag(I) from wastewater and electricity generation by bimetallic thermally regenerative electro-deposition batteries. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Performance of a thermally regenerative ammonia-based flow battery with 3D porous electrodes: Effect of reactor and electrode design. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Wang X, Huang YT, Liu C, Mu K, Li KH, Wang S, Yang Y, Wang L, Su CH, Feng SP. Direct thermal charging cell for converting low-grade heat to electricity. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4151. [PMID: 31515483 PMCID: PMC6742635 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient low-grade heat recovery can help to reduce greenhouse gas emission as over 70% of primary energy input is wasted as heat, but current technologies to fulfill the heat-to-electricity conversion are still far from optimum. Here we report a direct thermal charging cell, using asymmetric electrodes of a graphene oxide/platinum nanoparticles cathode and a polyaniline anode in Fe2+/Fe3+ redox electrolyte via isothermal heating operation. When heated, the cell generates voltage via a temperature-induced pseudocapacitive effect of graphene oxide and a thermogalvanic effect of Fe2+/Fe3+, and then discharges continuously by oxidizing polyaniline and reducing Fe3+ under isothermal heating till Fe3+ depletion. The cell can be self-regenerated when cooled down. Direct thermal charging cells attain a temperature coefficient of 5.0 mV K-1 and heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 2.8% at 70 °C (21.4% of Carnot efficiency) and 3.52% at 90 °C (19.7% of Carnot efficiency), outperforming other thermoelectrochemical and thermoelectric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaiyu Mu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Ho Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chia-Hung Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Shien-Ping Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
- The University of Hong Kong-Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-ZIRI), Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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15
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Zhang L, Li Y, Zhu X, Li J, Fu Q, Liao Q, Wei Z. Copper Foam Electrodes for Increased Power Generation in Thermally Regenerative Ammonia-Based Batteries for Low-Grade Waste Heat Recovery. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Mahdinia E, Demirci A, Berenjian A. Implementation of fed-batch strategies for vitamin K (menaquinone-7) production by Bacillus subtilis natto in biofilm reactors. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9147-9157. [PMID: 30218375 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies show the essential health benefits associated with vitamin K, especially menaquinone-7 (MK-7). These benefits include reducing risks of cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, and even cancer. However, MK-7 production on an industrial level is only possible through bacterial fermentation and also current static fermentation strategies are not potent enough with difficulties to scale up. Biofilm reactors, however, may be a practical alternative. Biofilm reactors provide a controlled environment for the microorganisms to form mature and robust biofilms that enable them to produce value-added products with enhanced efficiencies. In this study, fed-batch addition of glucose and glycerol were investigated to the base media in biofilm reactors, as carbon source addition seemed crucial in batch fermentations. Results indicated that fed-batch strategies can be significantly effective in glucose-based medium, increasing the end-product concentrations to 28.7 ± 0.3 mg/L of MK-7 which was 2.3 fold higher than the level produced in suspended-cell bioreactors and renders the biofilm reactors as a potential replacement for static fermentation strategies. Moreover, morphological changes of B. subtilis were tracked during the 12-day long fermentation runs and finally, SEM investigations confirmed significant biofilm and extracellular matrices formed on the plastic composite support (PCS) in the biofilm reactors. In conclusion, biofilm reactors especially with fed-batch fermentation regimes seem to be an effective tool for MK-7 production at industrial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Mahdinia
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ali Demirci
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Aydin Berenjian
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
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17
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Vicari F, D’Angelo A, Kouko Y, Loffredi A, Galia A, Scialdone O. On the regeneration of thermally regenerative ammonia batteries. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-018-1240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Pu X, Hu W, Wang ZL. Toward Wearable Self-Charging Power Systems: The Integration of Energy-Harvesting and Storage Devices. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:1702817. [PMID: 29194960 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
One major challenge for wearable electronics is that the state-of-the-art batteries are inadequate to provide sufficient energy for long-term operations, leading to inconvenient battery replacement or frequent recharging. Other than the pursuit of high energy density of secondary batteries, an alternative approach recently drawing intensive attention from the research community, is to integrate energy-generation and energy-storage devices into self-charging power systems (SCPSs), so that the scavenged energy can be simultaneously stored for sustainable power supply. This paper reviews recent developments in SCPSs with the integration of various energy-harvesting devices (including piezoelectric nanogenerators, triboelectric nanogenerators, solar cells, and thermoelectric nanogenerators) and energy-storage devices, such as batteries and supercapacitors. SCPSs with multiple energy-harvesting devices are also included. Emphasis is placed on integrated flexible or wearable SCPSs. Remaining challenges and perspectives are also examined to suggest how to bring the appealing SCPSs into practical applications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Pu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
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19
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Luo B, Ye D, Wang L. Recent Progress on Integrated Energy Conversion and Storage Systems. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1700104. [PMID: 28932673 PMCID: PMC5604375 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, there has been increasing interest in the design and construction of integrated energy conversion and storage systems (IECSSs) that can simultaneously capture and store various forms of energies from nature. A large number of IECSSs have been developed with different combination of energy conversion technologies such as solar cells, mechanical generators and thermoelectric generators and energy storage devices such as rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors. This review summarizes the recent advancements to date of IECSSs based on different energy sources including solar, mechanical, thermal as well as multiple types of energies, with a special focus on the system configuration and working mechanism. With the rapid development of new energy conversion and storage technologies, innovative high performance IECSSs are of high expectation to be realised for diverse practical applications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Luo
- Nanomaterials CentreSchool of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia
| | - Delai Ye
- Nanomaterials CentreSchool of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- Nanomaterials CentreSchool of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia
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20
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Zhong Y, Wang X, Feng X, Telalovic S, Gnanou Y, Huang KW, Hu X, Lai Z. Osmotic Heat Engine Using Thermally Responsive Ionic Liquids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:9403-9409. [PMID: 28693317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The osmotic heat engine (OHE) is a promising technology for converting low grade heat to electricity. Most of the existing studies have focused on thermolytic salt systems. Herein, for the first time, we proposed to use thermally responsive ionic liquids (TRIL) that have either an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) or lower critical solution temperature (LCST) type of phase behavior as novel thermolytic osmotic agents. Closed-loop TRIL-OHEs were designed based on these unique phase behaviors to convert low grade heat to work or electricity. Experimental studies using two UCST-type TRILs, protonated betaine bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide ([Hbet][Tf2N]) and choline bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([choline][Tf2N]) showed that (1) the specific energy of the TRIL-OHE system could reach as high as 4.0 times that of the seawater and river water system, (2) the power density measured from a commercial FO membrane reached up to 2.3 W/m2, and (3) the overall energy efficiency reached up to 2.6% or 18% of the Carnot efficiency at no heat recovery and up to 10.5% or 71% of the Carnet efficiency at 70% heat recovery. All of these results clearly demonstrated the great potential of using TRILs as novel osmotic agents to design high efficient OHEs for recovery of low grade thermal energy to work or electricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiang Zhong
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xinbo Wang
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoshuang Feng
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvedin Telalovic
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiao Hu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute , 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhiping Lai
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Zhu X, Kim T, Rahimi M, Gorski CA, Logan BE. Integrating Reverse-Electrodialysis Stacks with Flow Batteries for Improved Energy Recovery from Salinity Gradients and Energy Storage. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:797-803. [PMID: 27911491 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201601220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Salinity gradient energy can be directly converted into electrical power by using reverse electrodialysis (RED) and other technologies, but reported power densities have been too low for practical applications. Herein, the RED stack performance was improved by using 2,6-dihydroxyanthraquinone and ferrocyanide as redox couples. These electrolytes were then used in a flow battery to produce an integrated RED stack and flow battery (RED-FB) system capable of capturing, storing, and discharging salinity gradient energy. Energy captured from the RED stack was discharged in the flow battery at a maximum power density of 3.0 kW m-2 -anode, which was similar to the flow batteries charged by electrical power and could be used for practical applications. Salinity gradient energy captured from the RED stack was recovered from the electrolytes as electricity with 30 % efficiency, and the maximum energy density of the system was 2.4 kWh m-3 -anolyte. The combined RED-FB system overcomes many limitations of previous approaches to capture, store, and use salinity gradient energy from natural or engineered sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Zhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Taeyoung Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Mohammad Rahimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Christopher A Gorski
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Bruce E Logan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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22
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Rahimi M, Schoener Z, Zhu X, Zhang F, Gorski CA, Logan BE. Removal of copper from water using a thermally regenerative electrodeposition battery. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 322:551-556. [PMID: 27776869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A thermally regenerative ammonia battery (TRAB) recently developed for electricity generation using waste heat was adapted and used here as a treatment process for solutions containing high concentrations of copper ions. Copper removal reached a maximum of 77% at an initial copper concentration (Ci) of 0.05M, with a maximum power density (P) of 31Wm-2-electrode area. Lowering the initial copper concentration decreased the percentage of copper removal from 51% (Ci=0.01M, P=13Wm-2) to 2% (Ci=0.002M, P=2Wm-2). Although the final solution may require additional treatment, the adapted TRAB process removed much of the copper while producing electrical power that could be used in later treatment stages. These results show that the adapted TRAB can be a promising technology for removing copper ions and producing electricity by using waste heat as a highly available and free source of energy at many industrial sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rahimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Zachary Schoener
- Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Xiuping Zhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Fang Zhang
- School of Environment and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Christopher A Gorski
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Bruce E Logan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
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