1
|
Habibi M, Sadeghi N, Tavalaee M, Shahverdi A, Ghorban Z, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Sperm chromatin integrity in a man with macrocephaly syndrome. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14100. [PMID: 33961714 DOI: 10.1111/and.14100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports chromatin status and ICSI outcomes in a case of sperm macrocephaly syndrome(SMS), showing 100% of spermatozoa with abnormal morphology. Percentages of sperm DNA fragmentation for TUNEL (31.7% versus 6.5%), SCSA (33% versus 25%) assays, chromatin maturity tests, CMA3 (58% versus 29%) and aniline blue (63% versus 35%) staining were higher in case sample compared to the fertile sample. Artificial oocyte activation resulted in a similar fertilisation rate between case and control samples (71% versus 66.7%), but the case showed delayed embryo development on day 3 post-insemination. Unlike fertile case, no embryos reached the blastocyst stage. The result of this case study shows that macrocephaly is associated with reduced chromatin maturity and DNA integrity. Although both cases showed a similar chance for fertilisation through artificial chemical activation for only macrocephalic man, the developmental competency is jeopardised in such cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Habibi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Tavalaee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghorban
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.,Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao J, Yuan R, Yang S, Wang Y, Huang Y, Yan L, Jiang H, Qiao J. Age-related changes in human conventional semen parameters and sperm chromatin structure assay-defined sperm DNA/chromatin integrity. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 42:973-982. [PMID: 33785305 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION What are the correlations between male age, traditional semen parameters, sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and high DNA stainability (HDS) in a sufficiently large sample size? DESIGN Retrospective cohort study of 18,441 semen samples, with data divided into seven age groups according to male age: ≤25, 26-30, 31-35, 36-40, 41-45, 46-50 and ≥51 years. RESULTS Age was negatively correlated with semen volume, total sperm count, motility and HDS, and positively correlated with sperm concentration and DFI (P < 0.001). After 35 years of age, semen volume and total sperm count began to decline. After 30 years of age, motility and HDS decreased consistently. Sperm concentration and DFI increased from 26-30 years of age. DFI was negatively correlated with sperm concentration, total sperm count, motility and normal morphology (P < 0.001) and positively correlated with semen volume and HDS (P < 0.001). HDS was negatively correlated with all parameters (P < 0.001) except semen volume (r = -0.013, P = 0.074) and DFI (r = 0.124, P < 0.001). Patients aged ≥40 years had higher DFI than those aged <40 years in the entire cohort, in the abnormal semen parameters cohort, and in the normal semen parameters cohort (OR 2.145, 2.042, 1.948, respectively, P < 0.001). The ≥40 years age group had a lower HDS than the <40 years age group in the entire cohort and abnormal semen parameters cohort (OR 0.719, 0.677, respectively, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Ageing is a negative effector of sperm quantity and quality, and routine sperm parameters have weak but significant correlations with sperm DNA/chromatin integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangman Gao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Renpei Yuan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Siwei Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liying Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jie Qiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Krigerts J, Salmina K, Freivalds T, Zayakin P, Rumnieks F, Inashkina I, Giuliani A, Hausmann M, Erenpreisa J. Differentiating cancer cells reveal early large-scale genome regulation by pericentric domains. Biophys J 2021; 120:711-724. [PMID: 33453273 PMCID: PMC7896032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding out how cells prepare for fate change during differentiation commitment was our task. To address whether the constitutive pericentromere-associated domains (PADs) may be involved, we used a model system with known transcriptome data, MCF-7 breast cancer cells treated with the ErbB3 ligand heregulin (HRG), which induces differentiation and is used in the therapy of cancer. PAD-repressive heterochromatin (H3K9me3), centromere-associated-protein-specific, and active euchromatin (H3K4me3) antibodies, real-time PCR, acridine orange DNA structural test (AOT), and microscopic image analysis were applied. We found a two-step DNA unfolding after 15–20 and 60 min of HRG treatment, respectively. This behavior was consistent with biphasic activation of the early response genes (c-fos - fosL1/myc) and the timing of two transcriptome avalanches reported in the literature. In control, the average number of PADs negatively correlated with their size by scale-free distribution, and centromere clustering in turn correlated with PAD size, both indicating that PADs may create and modulate a suprachromosomal network by fusing and splitting a constant proportion of the constitutive heterochromatin. By 15 min of HRG treatment, the bursting unraveling of PADs from the nucleolus boundary occurred, coinciding with the first step of H3K4me3 chromatin unfolding, confirmed by AOT. The second step after 60 min of HRG treatment was associated with transcription of long noncoding RNA from PADs and peaking of fosL1/c-myc response. We hypothesize that the bursting of PAD clusters under a critical silencing threshold pushes the first transcription avalanche, whereas the destruction of the PAD network enables genome rewiring needed for differentiation repatterning, mediated by early response bivalent genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jekabs Krigerts
- Latvian Biomedicine Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Talivaldis Freivalds
- Institute of Cardiology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Pawel Zayakin
- Latvian Biomedicine Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Felikss Rumnieks
- Latvian Biomedicine Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Inna Inashkina
- Latvian Biomedicine Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Alessandro Giuliani
- Environment and Health Department, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Hausmann
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martins MC, Gonçalves LM, Nonato A, Nassif Travençolo BA, Alves BG, Beletti ME. Sperm head morphometry and chromatin condensation are in constant change at seminiferous tubules, epididymis, and ductus deferens in bulls. Theriogenology 2020; 161:200-209. [PMID: 33340753 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the sperm head morphometry and chromatin condensation at different regions of the reproductive tract in bulls. Sperm smears of seminiferous tubules (ST), epididymis head (EH), body (EB), and tail (ET), and ductus deferens (DD) were stained with toluidine blue. Afterwards, the sperm head morphometry and chromatin alteration types were evaluated by a computational image analysis. Overall, spermatozoa of ST had lower (P < 0.05) area (A), perimeter (P), width (W), length (L), ellipticity (E), and Fourier harmonics (F0, F1, and F2). The chromatin decondensation (CD) and heterogeneity (CH) were higher (P < 0.05) in the ST region and decreased (P < 0.0001) during the migration along the reproductive tract (ST - DD direction). Considering the factors extracted (Factors 1 and 2) by the principal component analysis, the parameters A, P, W, L, and F0 were responsible for ∼36% of the Factor 1, while the E, F0, F1, and anterior-posterior symmetry (APS) contributed ∼27% to Factor 2. Both, CD and CH were associated with Factor 1 in the EH and ET regions and Factor 2 in the ST. Also, a well-defined difference between sperm heads collected from the ST and DD regions was observed by canonical analysis. The distribution of each chromatin alteration type was recorded. The proportion of normal sperm was lower (P < 0.05) in ST compared to other regions. Moreover, the chromatin influenced the morphometry and sperm heads with whole chromatin alteration type showed a smaller (P < 0.05) A, P, W, L, and E. In summary, the epididymal maturation is important for chromatin compaction and final morphometry of the sperm head. Also, the identification and quantification of the sperm chromatin condensation in different regions of reproductive tract can be used as potential biomarkers to predict the fertility in bulls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Melo Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biology of Reproduction, Federal University of Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Amanda Nonato
- Laboratory of Biology of Reproduction, Federal University of Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Benner Geraldo Alves
- Laboratory of Biology of Reproduction, Federal University of Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Federal University of Goiás, Jataí, GO, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Esteves SC, Zini A, Coward RM, Evenson DP, Gosálvez J, Lewis SEM, Sharma R, Humaidan P. Sperm DNA fragmentation testing: Summary evidence and clinical practice recommendations. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13874. [PMID: 33108829 PMCID: PMC7988559 DOI: 10.1111/and.13874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein summarise the evidence concerning the impact of sperm DNA fragmentation in various clinical infertility scenarios and the advances on sperm DNA fragmentation tests. The collected evidence was used to formulate 41 recommendations. Of these, 13 recommendations concern technical aspects of sperm DNA fragmentation testing, including pre‐analytical information, clinical thresholds and interpretation of results. The remaining 28 recommendations relate to indications for sperm DNA fragmentation testing and clinical management. Clinical scenarios like varicocele, unexplained infertility, idiopathic infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, intrauterine insemination, in vitro fertilisation/intracytoplasmic sperm injection, fertility counselling for men with infertility risk factors and sperm cryopreservation have been contemplated. The bulk evidence supporting the recommendations has increased in recent years, but it is still of moderate to low quality. This guideline provides clinicians with advice on best practices in sperm DNA fragmentation testing. Also, recommendations are provided on possible management strategies to overcome infertility related to sperm DNA fragmentation, based on the best available evidence. Lastly, we identified gaps in knowledge and opportunities for research and elaborated a list of recommendations to stimulate further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro C Esteves
- ANDROFERT, Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic, Referral Center for Male Reproduction, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Department of Surgery (Division of Urology), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Armand Zini
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, St. Mary's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert Matthew Coward
- Department of Urology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,UNC Fertility, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Donald P Evenson
- SCSA Diagnostics, Brookings, SD, USA.,Sanford Medical School, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jaime Gosálvez
- Unit of Genetics, Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sheena E M Lewis
- Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Examenlab Ltd., Belfast, UK
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Peter Humaidan
- Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Fertility Clinic Skive, Skive Regional Hospital, Skive, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu R, Chen X, Yu W, Jiang F, Zhou X, Xu Y, Wang F. Analysis of age-associated alternation of SCSA sperm DNA fragmentation index and semen characteristics of 1790 subfertile males in China. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23548. [PMID: 32926480 PMCID: PMC7755769 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been identified that incidence of infertility was about 20% among couples worldwide, about 50% caused by male elements. However, conventional semen laboratory detections could not handle clinical needs, which led to more comprehensive parameters for male fertility evaluation. We aimed to investigate the clinical relationship of age-linked changes and the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI), and routine semen characteristics among subfertile Chinese males. METHODS 1790 clinical semen specimens were enrolled from February 2018 to October 2019. Clinical and laboratory data including routine semen analyses, sperm DFI, and sperm morphology were collected and showed age-related alterations in semen parameters. RESULTS Our results, displayed an increase in sperm DFI with age, were demonstrated in three age-groups, particularly within the ≥35-year cohort. There were positive and inverse correlations of sperm DFI with abnormal semen characteristics and with normal morphological parameters, respectively. Furthermore, age, sperm morphology, concentration, and progressive motility, immotile sperm percentage, semen volume, sperm survival, and high acridine orange DNA stainability (indicating immature forms) were found to be independent risk factors affecting sperm DNA integrity. Likewise, men aged ≥35 years had a higher sperm DFI than did normozoospermic men in the overall cohort. Routine semen characteristics, sperm DFI, and morphology tended to alter with age. CONCLUSIONS The SCSA sperm DFI showed the greatest clinical application in the assessment of male fertility in this study, which should help infertility clinics decide on reproductive options for the treatment of older infertile couples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weijian Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiyou Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fortes MRS, Porto-Neto LR, Satake N, Nguyen LT, Freitas AC, Melo TP, Scalez DCB, Hayes B, Raidan FSS, Reverter A, Boe-Hansen GB. X chromosome variants are associated with male fertility traits in two bovine populations. Genet Sel Evol 2020; 52:46. [PMID: 32787790 PMCID: PMC7425018 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-020-00563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Twenty-five phenotypes were measured as indicators of bull fertility (1099 Brahman and 1719 Tropical Composite bulls). Measurements included sperm morphology, scrotal circumference, and sperm chromatin phenotypes such as DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency. We estimated the heritability of these phenotypes and carried out genome-wide association studies (GWAS) within breed, using the bovine high-density chip, to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL). RESULTS Our analyses suggested that both sperm DNA fragmentation and sperm protamine deficiency are heritable (h2 from 0.10 to 0.22). To confirm these first estimates of heritability, further studies on sperm chromatin traits, with larger datasets are necessary. Our GWAS identified 12 QTL for bull fertility traits, based on at least five polymorphisms (P < 10-8) for each QTL. Five QTL were identified in Brahman and another seven in Tropical Composite bulls. Most of the significant polymorphisms detected in both breeds and nine of the 12 QTL were on chromosome X. The QTL were breed-specific, but for some traits, a closer inspection of the GWAS results revealed suggestive single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations (P < 10-7) in both breeds. For example, the QTL for inhibin level in Braham could be relevant to Tropical Composites too (many polymorphisms reached P < 10-7 in the same region). The QTL for sperm midpiece morphological abnormalities on chromosome X (QTL peak at 4.92 Mb, P < 10-17) is an example of a breed-specific QTL, supported by 143 significant SNPs (P < 10-8) in Brahman, but absent in Tropical Composites. Our GWAS results add evidence to the mammalian specialization of the X chromosome, which during evolution has accumulated genes linked to spermatogenesis. Some of the polymorphisms on chromosome X were associated to more than one genetically correlated trait (correlations ranged from 0.33 to 0.51). Correlations and shared polymorphism associations support the hypothesis that these phenotypes share the same underlying cause, i.e. defective spermatogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Genetic improvement for bull fertility is possible through genomic selection, which is likely more accurate if the QTL on chromosome X are considered in the predictions. Polymorphisms associated with male fertility accumulate on this chromosome in cattle, as in humans and mice, suggesting its specialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina R. S. Fortes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | | | - Nana Satake
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, QLD 4343 Australia
| | - Loan T. Nguyen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ana Claudia Freitas
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP Brazil
| | - Thaise P. Melo
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP Brazil
| | - Daiane Cristina Becker Scalez
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP Brazil
| | - Ben Hayes
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | | | | | - Gry B. Boe-Hansen
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, QLD 4343 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Evenson DP, Djira G, Kasperson K, Christianson J. Relationships between the age of 25,445 men attending infertility clinics and sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA®) defined sperm DNA and chromatin integrity. Fertil Steril 2020; 114:311-320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
9
|
Chen T, Mu S, Sun Z, Zhang H, Li C, Guo M, Li Y, Kang X, Wang Z. Spermiogenic histone transitions and chromatin decondensation in Decapoda. Theriogenology 2020; 156:242-252. [PMID: 32777658 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Decapoda are among of the most diverse groups of Crustacea with an important economic value, and have thus been the focus of various reproductive biology studies. Although spermatozoa are morphologically diverse, decapod spermatozoa possess common features, such as being non-motile and having uncondensed nuclear chromatin. Many scholars have studied uncondensed chromatin in decapod spermatozoa; however, the role of biologically regulated decondensation in spermatozoa remains unclear. In this study, histone changes in the spermatozoa of five commercially relevant aquatic crustacean species (Eriocheir sinensis, Scylla paramamosain, Procambarus clarkii, Fenneropenaeus chinensis, and Macrobrachium nipponense) were studied via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and immunofluorescence. The LC-MS/MS results confirmed that all four core histones were present in the sperm nuclei of the five Decapoda species. Positive fluorescent signals from histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 were detected in the spermatozoa nuclei of E. sinensis, S. paramamosain and M. nipponense via immunofluorescence. Histone H2A was first identified in the membrane sheets or cytoplasm of mature sperm in P. clarkii and F. chinensis, whereas H3 and H4 were generally distributed in the nucleus of the spermatozoa. Histone H2B gradually disappeared during spermiogenesis and was not found in the sperm of P. clarkii and F. chinensis eventually. Our data suggest that core histones are instructive and necessary for chromatin decondensation in decapods spermatozoa. Thus, our results may help resolve the complex sperm histone code and provide a reference for the study of spermatozoa evolution in Decapoda.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingrong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Shumei Mu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Mingsheng Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yanqin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Xianjiang Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Zhenshan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Darzynkiewicz Z. 40 Years of My Venture with CYTOMETRY. Cytometry A 2020; 97:557-562. [PMID: 32511890 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Briefly depicted are the publications in CYTOMETRY that received the highest frequency of citations. Among them are seminal papers describing application of metachromatic fluorochrome acridine orange to differentially stain DNA versus RNA or to analyze susceptibility of DNA in situ to denaturation; both features being markers of different sections of the cell cycle including identification of noncycling quiescent cells. The papers reviewing detection of cyclins D1, E, A or B1, each in relation to cell cycle phase, were also among the highly cited ones. The highest citation rates received publications describing development of the TUNEL methodology to detect apoptotic DNA fragmentation, and more recently expression of ϒH2AX to reveal DNA damage. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Collapse
|
11
|
Erenpreisa J, Krigerts J, Salmina K, Selga T, Sorokins H, Freivalds T. Differential staining of peripheral nuclear chromatin with Acridine orange implies an A-form epichromatin conformation of the DNA. Nucleus 2019; 9:171-181. [PMID: 29363398 PMCID: PMC5973139 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2018.1431081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromatin observed by conventional electron microscopy under the nuclear envelope constitutes a single layer of dense 30–35 nm granules, while ∼30 nm fibrils laterally attached to them, form large patches of lamin-associated domains (LADs). This particular surface “epichromatin” can be discerned by specific (H2A+H2B+DNA) conformational antibody at the inner nuclear envelope and around mitotic chromosomes. In order to differentiate the DNA conformation of the peripheral chromatin we applied an Acridine orange (AO) DNA structural test involving RNAse treatment and the addition of AO after acid pre-treatment. MCF-7 cells treated in this way revealed yellow/red patches of LADs attached to a thin green nuclear rim and with mitotic chromosomes outlined in green, topologically corresponding to epichromatin epitope staining by immunofluorescence. Differentially from LADs, the epichromatin was unable to provide metachromatic staining by AO, unless thermally denatured at 94oC. DNA enrichment in GC stretches has been recently reported for immunoprecipitated ∼ 1Kb epichromatin domains. Together these data suggest that certain epichromatin segments assume the relatively hydrophobic DNA A-conformation at the nuclear envelope and surface of mitotic chromosomes, preventing AO side dimerisation. We hypothesize that epichromatin domains form nucleosome superbeads. Hydrophobic interactions stack these superbeads and align them at the nuclear envelope, while repulsing the hydrophilic LADs. The hydrophobicity of epichromatin explains its location at the surface of mitotic chromosomes and its function in mediating chromosome attachment to the restituting nuclear envelope during telophase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jekabs Krigerts
- a Latvian Biomedical Research & Study Centre , Ratsupites 1, Riga , Latvia.,b Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanotechnologies, Riga Technical University , Kalku iela 1, Riga , Latvia
| | - Kristine Salmina
- a Latvian Biomedical Research & Study Centre , Ratsupites 1, Riga , Latvia
| | - Turs Selga
- c Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia , Raina bulvaris 19, Riga , Latvia
| | - Hermanis Sorokins
- b Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanotechnologies, Riga Technical University , Kalku iela 1, Riga , Latvia
| | - Talivaldis Freivalds
- d Institute of Kardiology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Latvia , Raina bulvaris 19, Riga , Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Evenson D, Sailer B, Jost L. Relationship between Stallion Sperm Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Susceptibility to Denaturation In Situ and Presence of DNA Strand Breaks: Implications for Fertility and Embryo Viability1. Biol Reprod 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/52.monograph_series1.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D.P. Evenson
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007
| | - B.L. Sailer
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007
| | - L.K. Jost
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Evenson DP. Evaluation of sperm chromatin structure and DNA strand breaks is an important part of clinical male fertility assessment. Transl Androl Urol 2017; 6:S495-S500. [PMID: 29082168 PMCID: PMC5643675 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2017.07.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Donald P Evenson
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.,Department of OB/GY, Sanford Medical School, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,SCSA Diagnostics Inc., Brookings, SD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Protocols for purification of murine male germ cells by FACS based on Hoechst 33342 (Ho342) dye staining have been reported and optimized. However, the protocols are often challenging to follow, partly due to difficulties related to sample preparation, instrument parameters, data display, and selection strategies. In addition, troubleshooting of flow cytometry experiments usually requires some fluency in technical principles and instrument specifications and settings. This unit describes setup and procedures for analysis and sorting of male meiotic prophase I (MPI) cells and other germ cells. Included are procedures that guide data acquisition, display, gating, and back-gating critical for optimal data visualization and cell sorting. Additionally, a flow cytometry analysis of spermatogenesis-defective testis is provided to illustrate the applicability of the technique to the characterization and purification of cells from mutant testis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Gaysinskaya
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alex Bortvin
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jenkins J, Draugelis-Dale R, Pinkney A, Iwanowicz L, Blazer V. Flow cytometric method for measuring chromatin fragmentation in fixed sperm from yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Theriogenology 2015; 83:920-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
16
|
Belloc S, Hazout A, Zini A, Merviel P, Cabry R, Chahine H, Copin H, Benkhalifa M. How to overcome male infertility after 40: Influence of paternal age on fertility. Maturitas 2014; 78:22-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
17
|
Fortes MRS, Satake N, Corbet DH, Corbet NJ, Burns BM, Moore SS, Boe-Hansen GB. Sperm protamine deficiency correlates with sperm DNA damage in Bos indicus bulls. Andrology 2014; 2:370-8. [PMID: 24634207 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2014.00196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The primary purpose of spermatozoa is to deliver the paternal DNA to the oocyte at fertilization. During the complex events of fertilization, if the spermatozoon penetrating the oocyte contains compromised or damaged sperm chromatin, the subsequent progression of embryogenesis and foetal development may be affected. Variation in sperm DNA damage and protamine content in ejaculated spermatozoa was reported in the cattle, with potential consequences to bull fertility. Protamines are sperm-specific nuclear proteins that are essential to packaging of the condensed paternal genome in spermatozoa. Sperm DNA damage is thought to be repaired during the process of protamination. This study investigates the potential correlation between sperm protamine content, sperm DNA damage and the subsequent relationships between sperm chromatin and commonly measured reproductive phenotypes. Bos indicus sperm samples (n = 133) were assessed by two flow cytometric methods: the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) and an optimized sperm protamine deficiency assay (SPDA). To verify the SPDA assay for bovine sperm protamine content, samples collected from testis, caput and cauda epididymidis were analyzed. As expected, mature spermatozoa in the cauda epididymidis had higher protamine content when compared with sperm samples from testis and caput epididymidis (p < 0.01). The DNA fragmentation index (DFI), determined by SCSA, was positively correlated (r = 0.33 ± 0.08, p < 0.05) with the percentage of spermatozoa that showed low protamine content using SPDA. Also, DFI was negatively correlated (r = -0.21 ± 0.09, p < 0.05) with the percentage of spermatozoa with high protamine content. Larger scrotal circumference contributes to higher sperm protamine content and lower content of sperm DNA damage (p < 0.05). In conclusion, sperm protamine content and sperm DNA damage are closely associated. Protamine deficiency is likely to be one of the contributing factors to DNA instability and damage, which can affect bull fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R S Fortes
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zini A, Albert O, Robaire B. Assessing sperm chromatin and DNA damage: clinical importance and development of standards. Andrology 2014; 2:322-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2014.00193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Zini
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| | - O. Albert
- Departments of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and of Obstetrics & Gynecology; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| | - B. Robaire
- Departments of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and of Obstetrics & Gynecology; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dang C, Cribb TH, Osborne G, Kawasaki M, Bedin AS, Barnes AC. Effect of a hemiuroid trematode on the hemocyte immune parameters of the cockle Anadara trapezia. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:951-956. [PMID: 23867496 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
When a trematode parasite penetrates a potential molluscan host, it has to circumvent the host's internal defense system. In molluscs, the primary effector cells of this system are the hemocytes which orchestrate many of the cellular and humoral immune functions. Survival of the parasite can occur only in the absence of a successful immune response, and continued development only if the host is physiologically suitable. This study investigated hemocytic response against asexual stages of a hemiuroid trematode by its host, the marine bivalve Anadara trapezia. Hemocyte characteristic (type, morphology) and function (mortality, phagocytosis and oxidative activity) were analyzed by flow cytometry in parasitized and non-parasitized cockles. A. trapezia possesses two types of hemocytes: amebocytes and erythrocytes. Analysis of histological section showed that there was no host hemocytic response around hemiuroid sporocysts. The infection induced a significant increase of the total circulating hemocytes with a higher proportion of erythrocytes relative to amebocytes, coupled with a lower phagocytosis rate and a statistically non-significant decrease of the intracellular oxidative activity. No significant differences were observed in hemocyte size and complexity, mortality, or phagocytic capacity. Our results indicate that in A. trapezia, hemiuroids modulate the immune response by increasing the number of circulating hemocytes and decreasing phagocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Dang
- University of Queensland, School of Biological Science and Centre for Marine Science, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ramos L, De Boer P, Meuleman EJH, Braat DDM, Wetzels AMM. Evaluation of ICSI-Selected Epididymal Sperm Samples of Obstructive Azoospermic Males by the CKIA System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 25:406-11. [PMID: 15064319 DOI: 10.1002/j.1939-4640.2004.tb02807.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate nuclear normality in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)-selected epididymal sperm from obstructive azoospermic (OA) patients. We evaluated whether the selection criteria used in routine ICSI (morphology and motility at a magnification of 400x) is adequate for selecting "normal" sperm from epididymal samples. Surgically retrieved spermatozoa from the caput epididymis of 15 OA patients and ejaculated sperm samples from 9 normospermic donors were evaluated with a DNA-specific stain (Feulgen) and in combination with the computerized karyometric image analysis (CKIA) system. Original (unselected) samples and ICSI-selected sperm were compared in donor and patient samples. In the original fraction, a larger variation in almost all measured parameters was found in epididymal sperm than in ejaculated sperm. After sperm selection, the morphometry was comparable between epididymal and ejaculated sperm. However, for those parameters related to the DNA stainability and chromatin texture (nuclear condensation), significant differences between patients and donors were observed. This result suggests that the size and form of the sperm do not necessarily hold similar internal structures. Thus, the frequency of "normal" sperm significantly increased after ICSI selection, but the improvement was more marked in donor than in OA patients' samples. In conclusion, at least a twofold increase in the number of normal spermatozoa was achieved after ICSI selection. The heterogeneity in the stainability and chromatin condensation of epididymal samples from OA patients indicates that some of the selected spermatozoa have a hypocondensed or hypercondensed chromatin. Even in the best of donor cases, no more than 55% of the selected sperm scored normal with CKIA, indicating that the present routine ICSI selection criteria are not sufficient for selecting normal condensed nuclei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Ramos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division Reproductive Medicine, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nordstoga AB, Krogenaes A, Nødtvedt A, Farstad W, Waterhouse K. The Relationship Between Post-Thaw Sperm DNA Integrity and Non-Return Rate Among Norwegian Cross-Bred Rams. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 48:207-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02132.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
22
|
Lazaros L, Hatzi E, Markoula S, Takenaka A, Sofikitis N, Zikopoulos K, Georgiou I. Dramatic reduction in sperm parameters following bariatric surgery: report of two cases. Andrologia 2012; 44:428-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2012.01300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Lazaros
- Genetics and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Medical School, Ioannina University; Ioannina; Greece
| | - E. Hatzi
- Genetics and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Medical School, Ioannina University; Ioannina; Greece
| | - S. Markoula
- Genetics and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Medical School, Ioannina University; Ioannina; Greece
| | - A. Takenaka
- Department of Urology; Tottori University Faculty of Medicine; Tottori; Japan
| | - N. Sofikitis
- Department of Urology; Medical School, Ioannina University; Ioannina; Greece
| | - K. Zikopoulos
- Genetics and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Medical School, Ioannina University; Ioannina; Greece
| | - I. Georgiou
- Genetics and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Medical School, Ioannina University; Ioannina; Greece
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sperm DNA integrity assays: diagnostic and prognostic challenges and implications in management of infertility. J Assist Reprod Genet 2011; 28:1073-85. [PMID: 21904910 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-011-9631-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm is not a simple carrier of paternal genetic information but its role extends clearly beyond fertilization. Integrity of sperm genome is an essential pre-requisite for birth of healthy offspring and evaluation of sperm should entail DNA integrity analysis. DNA integrity analysis is a better diagnostic and prognostic marker of sperm reproductive potential. Conventional semen analysis emphasizes on sperm concentration, viability, motility and morphology and has been proven to be a poor indicator of reproductive potential and pregnancy outcome. To overcome the drawbacks associated with conventional semen analysis more useful fertility tests and molecular biomarkers have been explored. Among the different tests which have evolved for assessing the sperm reproductive potential, tests for sperm DNA quality are most promising. Sperm DNA damage has been closely associated with numerous indicators of reproductive health including fertilization, embryo quality, implantation, spontaneous abortion, congenital malformations and childhood diseases. It therefore has great potential as a prognostic test for both in vitro and in vivo conception. This review presents an updated account of tests that have better diagnostic and prognostic implications in the evaluation of sperm DNA damage. The basic principles, outline of methodology, advantage, disadvantage, clinical significance of each technique and implications of these tests have been discussed. The logistics of each test with respect to available resources and equipment in an andrology laboratory, the feasibility of performing these tests in routine diagnostic workup of infertile men and the opportunities and challenges provided by DNA testing in male fertility determination are also presented.
Collapse
|
24
|
Lazaros LA, Vartholomatos GA, Hatzi EG, Kaponis AI, Makrydimas GV, Kalantaridou SN, Sofikitis NV, Stefos TI, Zikopoulos KA, Georgiou IA. Assessment of sperm chromatin condensation and ploidy status using flow cytometry correlates to fertilization, embryo quality and pregnancy following in vitro fertilization. J Assist Reprod Genet 2011; 28:885-91. [PMID: 21779786 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-011-9611-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sperm flow cytometry (SFC) was used to evaluate the association of sperm chromatin condensation and ploidy with fertilization, embryo development, pregnancy and abortion rates following IVF. METHODS Conventional semen analysis was performed in one hundred fifty men, as well as SFC analysis, after acridine orange and propidium iodide staining, for the evaluation of sperm maturity and ploidy respectively. Conventional IVF was performed in all couples. RESULTS Couples with low percentages of mature spermatozoa presented with lower fertilization rates (p < 0.005), lower rates of grade A embryos (p < 0.003) and lower pregnancy rates (p < 0.006), compared to couples with high percentages of mature spermatozoa. Couples with low total aneuploidy rates presented with higher fertilization rates (p < 0.007), higher rates of grade A embryos (p < 0.004) and higher pregnancy rates (p < 0.003), compared to couples with high total aneuploidy rates. CONCLUSIONS Sperm chromatin condensation and ploidy constitute critical parameters for the evaluation of semen samples before IVF and for the identification of cases in need of ICSI application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandros A Lazaros
- Genetics and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Relationship between DNA damage and sperm head birefringence. Reprod Biomed Online 2011; 22:583-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
26
|
Darzynkiewicz Z. Critical aspects in analysis of cellular DNA content. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN CYTOMETRY 2011; Chapter 7:7.2.1-7.2.8. [PMID: 21455968 PMCID: PMC3238682 DOI: 10.1002/0471142956.cy0702s56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This unit covers general aspects of DNA content analysis and provides introductory or complementary information to the specific protocols of DNA content assessment in this chapter. It describes principles of DNA content analysis and outlines difficulties and pitfalls common to these methods. It also reviews methods of DNA staining in live, permeabilized, and fixed cells, and in cell nuclei isolated from paraffin-embedded tissues, as well as the approaches to stain DNA concurrently with cell immunophenotype. This unit addresses factors affecting accuracy of DNA measurement, such as chromatin features restricting accessibility of fluorochromes to DNA, stoichiometry of interaction with DNA, and "mass action law" characterizing binding to DNA in relation to unbound fluorochrome concentration. It also describes controls to ensure accuracy and quality control of DNA content determination and principles of DNA ploidy assessment. Because many aspects of DNA content analysis are common to protocols in UNITS 7.3, 7.6, 7.16, 7.20, 7.23, & 7.25, certain parts of this unit provide information redundant with commentaries in these units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz
- The Brander Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology, New York Medical Center, Valhalla, New York
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zini A, Azhar R, Baazeem A, Gabriel MS. Effect of microsurgical varicocelectomy on human sperm chromatin and DNA integrity: a prospective trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 34:14-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2009.01048.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
28
|
Lazaros L, Kaponis A, Vartholomatos G, Hatzi E, Botsari S, Plachouras N, Makrydimas G, Zikopoulos K, Sofikitis N, Georgiou I. Using semen flow cytometry to evaluate association of ploidy status and chromatin condensation of spermatozoa with conventional semen parameters: Clinical application in intrauterine insemination. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:110-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
29
|
Mauri AL, Oliveira JBA, Baruffi RLR, Petersen CG, Vagnini LD, Massaro FC, Silva LFI, Nicoletti APM, Franco JG. Significance of extruded nuclear chromatin (regional nuclear shape malformation) in human spermatozoa: implications for ICSI. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 34:594-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2010.01119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
30
|
Abstract
This unit covers general aspects of DNA content analysis and provides introductory or complementary information to the specific protocols of DNA content assessment in this chapter. It describes principles of DNA content analysis and outlines difficulties and pitfalls common to these methods. It also reviews methods of DNA staining in live, permeabilized, and fixed cells, and in cell nuclei isolated from paraffin-embedded tissues, as well as the approaches to stain DNA concurrently with cell immunophenotype. This unit addresses factors affecting accuracy of DNA measurement, such as chromatin features restricting accessibility of fluorochromes to DNA, stoichiometry of interaction with DNA, and "mass action law" characterizing binding to DNA in relation to unbound fluorochrome concentration. It also describes controls to ensure accuracy and quality control of DNA content determination and principles of DNA ploidy assessment. Because many aspects of DNA content analysis are common to protocols in UNITS 7.3, 7.6, 7.16, 7.20, 7.23, & 7.25, certain parts of this unit provide information redundant with commentaries in these units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz
- The Brander Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology, New York Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Falzone N, Huyser C, Franken DR. Comparison between propidium iodide and 7-amino-actinomycin-D for viability assessment during flow cytometric analyses of the human sperm acrosome. Andrologia 2010; 42:20-6. [PMID: 20078512 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2009.00949.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of the acrosome reaction can shed light on the fertilising competence of spermatozoa. To eliminate false-positive results when evaluating the acrosome status of human sperm cells, two viability probes propidium iodide (PI) and 7-amino-actinomycin D (7-AAD) were compared for their ability to stain nonviable cells post-fixation and permeabilisation. Both the mean fluorescence and % dead cells differed significantly with time (P < 0.0001). Unlike PI, 7-AAD did not leach from cells and fluorescence remained stable for up to 4 h. Furthermore, 7-AAD proved to be a proficient marker to exclude dead sperm cells during flow cytometric evaluation of ionophore-induced acrosome reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Falzone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Darzynkiewicz Z, Halicka HD, Zhao H. Analysis of cellular DNA content by flow and laser scanning cytometry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 676:137-47. [PMID: 20687474 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6199-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This chapter covers several aspects of methodology of DNA content analysis in individual cells that is most commonly used for assessment of DNA ploidy and for enumeration of cells in particular phases of the cell cycle. Briefly presented are general principles of instrumentation and cell analysis by flow- and laser scanning- cytometry. Described are major methods designed to stain DNA with fluorochromes in live cells, in detergent-permeabilized cells, in cells fixed prior to DNA staining as well as in nuclei of cells isolated from paraffin-embedded tissues. Briefly addressed are approaches to estimate cellular DNA content in conjunction with cellular immunophenotype. Discussed are factors that affect accuracy of DNA content measurement such as: (i) differences in chromatin structure of the analyzed cells that restrict DNA accessibility to fluorochromes, (ii) stoichiometry of interaction between fluorochromes and DNA in chromatin and (iii) chemical mass action law defining dependency of fluorochrome binding to DNA in relation to fluorochrome concentration and number of potential binding sites in a sample. Described also are controls used to ensure accuracy of DNA ploidy determination, the principles in ploidy assessment and possible pitfalls in analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz
- Brander Cancer Research Institute at NYMC, Department of Pathology, BSB 438, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sperm head morphology is related to high deoxyribonucleic acid stainability assessed by sperm chromatin structure assay. Fertil Steril 2009; 91:2495-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 03/08/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
34
|
Cheng WM, An L, Wu ZH, Zhu YB, Liu JH, Gao HM, Li XH, Zheng SJ, Chen DB, Tian JH. Effects of disulfide bond reducing agents on sperm chromatin structural integrity and developmental competence of in vitro matured oocytes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection in pigs. Reproduction 2009; 137:633-43. [PMID: 19155332 DOI: 10.1530/rep-08-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that electrical activation followed by secondary chemical activation greatly enhanced the developmental competence of in vitro matured porcine oocytes fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). We hypothesized that sperm treatment with disulfide bond reducing agents will enhance the development competence of porcine embryos produced by this ICSI procedure. We examined the effects of glutathione (GSH), dithiothreitol (DTT), GSH or DTT in combination with heparin on sperm DNA structure, paternal chromosomal integrity, pronuclear formation, and developmental competence of in vitro matured porcine oocytes after ICSI. Acridine orange staining and flow cytometry based sperm chromatin structure assay were used to determine sperm DNA integrity by calculating the cells outside the main population (COMP alphaT). No differences were observed in COMP alphaT values among GSH-treated and control groups. COMP alphaT values in GSH-treated groups were significantly lower than that in DTT-treated groups. Following ICSI, GSH treatments did not significantly alter paternal chromosomal integrity. Paternal chromosomal integrity in sperm treated with DTT plus or minus heparin was also the lowest among all groups. GSH-treated sperm yielded the highest rates of normal fertilization and blastocyst formation, which were significantly higher than that of control and DTT-treated groups. The majority of blastocysts derived from control and GSH-treated spermatozoa were diploid, whereas blastocysts derived from DTT-treated spermatozoa were haploid. In conclusion, sperm treatment with GSH enhanced the developmental capacity of porcine embryos produced by our optimized ICSI procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Min Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zini A, Zhang X, Gabriel MS. Sperm nuclear histone H2B: correlation with sperm DNA denaturation and DNA stainability. Asian J Androl 2008; 10:865-71. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2008.00415.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
36
|
Russell LD. The of Histopathology of the Testis in Short-Term Toxicology Testing Protocols. Inhal Toxicol 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/08958379509012803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
37
|
Garcia-Macias V, Martinez-Pastor F, Alvarez M, Garde JJ, Anel E, Anel L, de Paz P. Assessment of chromatin status (SCSA) in epididymal and ejaculated sperm in Iberian red deer, ram and domestic dog. Theriogenology 2006; 66:1921-30. [PMID: 16790270 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2006] [Revised: 04/05/2006] [Accepted: 05/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal chromatin condensation is not detected using classical techniques for sperm analysis. SCSA has demonstrated its usefulness in sperm chromatin analysis in several species (human, bull, stallion and boar). In this work, we studied sperm samples from red deer, ram and dog to analyze the differentiation of chromatin structure applying SCSA in epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa. Epididymal samples were obtained from the caput, corpus and cauda by means of cuts, and ejaculated ones were obtained by electroejaculation (deer), artificial vagina (ram) and digital manipulation (dog). SCSA results suggested different critical points in sperm maturation (spermatozoa with loose chromatin to more condensed chromatin) among species: from corpus to cauda in ram and from caput to corpus in deer and dog. Moreover, we also detected differences in ruminants and dog, reflected in the appearance of SCSA plots. Indeed, ram and deer samples rendered two peaks within the sperm main population (sperm with condensed chromatin), whereas only one was detected in dog. Although some differences were observed between cauda and ejaculated samples, SCSA parameters indicated good chromatin condensation, making these samples suitable for germplasm banking. Some species-dependent modifications in the analysis of the results may be necessary to take full advantage of its analytical power.
Collapse
|
38
|
Oliveira H, Loureiro J, Filipe L, Santos C, Ramalho-Santos J, Sousa M, Pereira MDL. Flow cytometry evaluation of lead and cadmium effects on mouse spermatogenesis. Reprod Toxicol 2006; 22:529-35. [PMID: 16650732 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2005] [Revised: 02/02/2006] [Accepted: 03/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FCM) is a powerful tool to evaluate cell DNA content and ploidy levels. We have assessed the accuracy of two protocols of nuclei isolation from paraffinized samples (P1 and P2) by comparing FCM results with those obtained using fresh material (F1-F3). After isolation, nuclei were stained with propidium iodide and quantitatively analysed by FCM for changes in germ cell ratios. Results obtained with Protocol P2 were similar to those obtained using the protocol that gave best results for fresh tissues (F2). Protocol P2 was then applied to paraffin embedded testicular samples from ICR-CD1 mice exposed to 1, 2 and 3 mg CdCl(2)/kg bw by single subcutaneous injection, and to 74 and 100 mg PbCl(2)/kg bw administered in four repeated doses. The highest doses of CdCl(2) decreased the number of haploid (1C) cells and increased the number of diploid (2C), S phase and tetraploid (4C) cells. Treatment with PbCl(2) did not induce significant changes in testicular cells subpopulations. These results support the usefulness of FCM in evaluating the effect of toxic substances on mouse spermatogenesis, using both fresh and paraffinized material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Oliveira
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cordelli E, Eleuteri P, Leter G, Rescia M, Spanò M. Flow cytometry applications in the evaluation of sperm quality: semen analysis, sperm function and DNA integrity. Contraception 2006; 72:273-9. [PMID: 16181971 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2005.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2005] [Revised: 02/07/2005] [Accepted: 03/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FCM) has been extensively used to study mammalian sperm in the areas of reproductive toxicology (to monitor effects from environmental, occupational and therapeutic exposures), veterinary science (to preselect the gender of offspring by sorting X- and Y-chromosome-bearing sperm) and clinical andrology (to assess individual fertility potential). Using FCM, a variety of sperm features can now be rapidly measured on a cell-by-cell basis such as sperm count, viability, acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial function and DNA integrity; the last one is involved in postfertilization failure and embryo toxicity. It is foreseen that only a multiplex approach, which includes FCM assays together with the new genomics/proteomics methods, could increase the predictive power of fertility status and help identify susceptible subpopulations of men at risk for infertility, spontaneous abortions and birth defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Cordelli
- Department of Biotechnologies, Protection of Health and Ecosystems, Section of Toxicology and Biomedical Sciences, ENEA CR Casaccia, 00060 Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The laser scanning cytometer (LSC) is a new laboratory tool that offers increased sensitivity and specificity compared to traditional technology. By combining the properties of the advantages of flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, LSC-based analysis allows the automated evaluation of testicular cells in general and meiosis in particular. Testicular cell smears with previous staining by propidium iodide were analyzed by LSC. The results were compared with those for flow cytometry. LSC is a new, applicable methodology for analyzing spermatogenesis schedule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungkee Kwon
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Erenpreiss J, Spano M, Erenpreisa J, Bungum M, Giwercman A. Sperm chromatin structure and male fertility: biological and clinical aspects. Asian J Androl 2005; 8:11-29. [PMID: 16372115 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2006.00112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm chromatin/DNA integrity is essential for the accurate transmission of paternal genetic information, and normal sperm chromatin structure is important for sperm fertilizing ability. The routine examination of semen, which includes sperm concentration, motility and morphology, does not identify defects in sperm chromatin structure. The origin of sperm DNA damage and a variety of methods for its assessment are described. Evaluation of sperm DNA damage appears to be a useful tool for assessing male fertility potential both in vivo and in vitro. The possible impact of sperm DNA defects on the offspring is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Erenpreiss
- University of Lund, Fertility Centre, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö SE 205 02, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
O'Donovan M. An evaluation of chromatin condensation and DNA integrity in the spermatozoa of men with cancer before and after therapy. Andrologia 2005; 37:83-90. [PMID: 16026429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2005.00658.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has been known for a long time to have a depressive effect on sperm number and quality. Cytotoxic agents and radiotherapy have also been shown to impair spermatogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess DNA integrity and chromatin condensation in the spermatozoa of men with cancer before and after treatment. Chromatin condensation was evaluated using flowcytometric assessment with propidium iodide, DNA integrity was determined using the comet assay. Thirty-three men with cancer (testicular cancer, lymphoma and leukaemia) and 14 men with proven fertility took part in the study. The study found that in men with cancer, the percentage of spermatozoa with highly condensed DNA was less than that of controls. DNA integrity when assessed using the comet assay was also reduced by cancer. Percentage head DNA intact and percentage of condensed chromatin in the spermatozoa of men with cancer after treatment were less than those in fertile men. This study, although small, does demonstrate a detrimental effect on chromatin condensation and DNA integrity of cancer and its treatment. These findings are important because of the potential effects impaired chromatin and DNA integrity could have on fertilization, blastocyst and embryo development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M O'Donovan
- Human Assisted Reproduction Ireland, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zubkova EV, Wade M, Robaire B. Changes in spermatozoal chromatin packaging and susceptibility to oxidative challenge during aging. Fertil Steril 2005; 84 Suppl 2:1191-8. [PMID: 16210011 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2005] [Revised: 04/28/2005] [Accepted: 04/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our goal was to test the hypothesis that spermatozoal chromatin packaging changes with age and that aging affects the susceptibility of spermatozoal DNA to oxidative damage. DESIGN Laboratory study. SETTING Academic facility. PATIENT(S) Young (4 months) and old (21 months) Brown Norway rats. INTERVENTION(S) Spermatozoa were collected from the cauda epididymidis and were incubated in saline or H2O2. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT(S) Thiols levels, chromatin condensation, DNA susceptibility to acid-induced DNA denaturation, and DNA damage were evaluated using monobromobimane, chromomycin A3 (CMA3), acridine orange, and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULT(S) Spermatozoa from old rats had 25% fewer disulfides but similar levels of free thiols as compared with young. The CMA3 staining was decreased by 13% with age. Levels of chromatin denaturation and DNA damage were similar in control groups. After exposure to oxidant, free thiols became oxidized by about 20% irrespective of age, but CMA3 staining changed little. The acridine orange assay, however, showed a trend for greater chromatin denaturation in spermatozoa from old rats after oxidant treatment. Furthermore, the DNA from spermatozoa of old rats was significantly more susceptible to developing DNA breaks and modification after oxidative challenge. CONCLUSION(S) Spermatozoal chromatin packaging changes with aging and vulnerability to oxidative damage increases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Zubkova
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Auger J, Lesaffre C, Bazire A, Schoevaert-Brossault D, Eustache F. High-resolution image cytometry of rat sperm nuclear shape, size and chromatin status. Reprod Toxicol 2004; 18:775-83. [PMID: 15279875 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2004.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2003] [Revised: 04/12/2004] [Accepted: 04/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the complex inter-related processes of sperm chromatin organization and nuclear morphogenesis, both of which are important fertility determinants, may be disrupted by chemicals. A high-resolution image cytometry method has been developed, using the fluorescent dye bisbenzimide, for the measurement of 20 features of the sperm nucleus related to size, form and chromatin status in the rat. For the complete set of features measured and from a total of 150 spermatozoa assessed per sample, the overall coefficient of reproducibility was 5%. Then, an experimental validation of the method was carried out in rats chronically exposed to the antiandrogenic reproductive toxicant vinclozolin and control animals. Univariate statistics revealed significant vinclozolin-induced changes for 19 out of 20 morphometric and chromatin features. Stepwise linear discriminant analysis classified correctly 84.3% of the sperm nuclei with only four features selected. The accuracy and reproducibility of the cytometry assessment of the sperm nuclei together with the results of the experimental validation suggest this method may be a new powerful tool for use in reproductive toxicology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Auger
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie, Biologie de la Reproduction/CECOS, GREFH, EA1752, Hôpital Cochin, Faculté de Médecine, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Doeringsfeld MR, Schlosser IJ, Elder JF, Evenson DP. PHENOTYPIC CONSEQUENCES OF GENETIC VARIATION IN A GYNOGENETIC COMPLEX OF PHOXINUS EOS-NEOGAEUS CLONAL FISH (PISCES: CYPRINIDAE) INHABITING A HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENT. Evolution 2004; 58:1261-73. [PMID: 15266975 DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb01705.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We examined the genetic composition, habitat use, and morphological variation of a Phoxinus eos-neogaeus unisexual hybrid complex and its sexually reproducing progenitor species inhabiting beaver-modified drainages of Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota. In addition to the single diploid P. eos-neogaeus gynogenetic clone, triploid and diploid-triploid mosaic biotypes were present at our study sites. Both P. eos and P. neogaeus, and all three hybrid biotypes were ubiquitous throughout one intensively surveyed drainage, but abundances and relative frequencies of the parental species and hybrids varied considerably within and among successional environments. Data from a large number of additional sites indicated that the proportion of polyploid hybrids within an environment was negatively related to hybrid relative frequency, implying that the genomic constitution of hybrids is an important determinant of clonal fitness among successional environments. Statistical comparisons of variation along size-free multivariate body shape axes indicated that despite its genetic uniformity, the P. eos-neogaeus clone is no less variable than its sexual progenitors, suggesting that a single genotype may actually respond to environmental variation with as much phenotypic variation as a genetically variable sexual population. The incorporation and expression of a third genome in triploid and diploid-triploid mosaic biotypes derived from the gynogenetic clone significantly expanded phenotypic variation of the clone. This additional variation results in greater similarities in habitat use and morphological overlap with the parental species, primarily P. eos, the predominant sperm donor for gynogenetic hybrid females in this complex. Polyploid augmentation of a diploid gynogenetic clone appears to be typical in the P. eos-neogaeus complex, and the additional genetic and phenotypic variation that it generates has potentially significant ecological and evolutionary consequences for the success and persistence of a single genotype in highly variable environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Doeringsfeld
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202-9019, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shchukin DG, Patel AA, Sukhorukov GB, Lvov YM. Nanoassembly of Biodegradable Microcapsules for DNA Encasing. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:3374-5. [PMID: 15025435 DOI: 10.1021/ja036952x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new microcontainer for DNA delivery based on biocompatible poly[beta-glucuronic acid-(1 --> 3)-N-acetyl-beta-galactosamine-6-sulfate-(1 --> 4)](chondroitin sulfate)/poly(-l-arginine) microcapsules with 40 nm thick molecularly organized shell was proposed. DNA molecules were deposited as DNA/sperimidine complex on the surface of template 4 mum core particles followed by layer-by-layer nanoassembly of protective chondroitin sulfate/poly(-l-arginine) shell. After template core dissolution, DNA molecules were captured inside microcapsules retaining a natural double-helix structure. The developed DNA encapsulation approach can be employed for targeted delivery of plasmid DNA in living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry G Shchukin
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Apedaile AE, Garrett C, Liu DY, Clarke GN, Johnston SA, Baker HWG. Flow cytometry and microscopic acridine orange test: relationship with standard semen analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2004; 8:398-407. [PMID: 15149562 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Improved prediction of male fertility requires advances in semen analysis. This study examined the reproducibility and independence of the flow cytometry acridine orange test (FCM-AOT) of sperm chromatin integrity as an assessment of semen quality. The study found that FCM-AOT results are not significantly affected by up to 6 h delay in semen preparation (n = 9) or contamination of semen with moderate concentrations of bacteria (<10(8)/ml E. coli or Staph. epidermidis, n = 14). The variation of replicate measurements within samples was low (%Abnormal alpha(t): SD = 1.4, 95%CI = 4.6, n = 25) and different samples from the same men were mostly within the range of measurement error (n = 35). FCM-AOT variables, in particular %Abnormal alpha(t), displayed significant correlations with motility (r = -0.557), vitality (r = -0.469) and morphology (r = -0.464, n = 201), which are similar in magnitude to those existing between the standard semen variables. Surprisingly, no correlation was found between %Abnormal alpha(t) and the microscopic acridine orange test (M-AOT) (n = 185), suggesting the FCM results are sensitive to a different aspect of sperm quality. In summary, this study confirms that although not totally independent of standard semen analysis or the M-AOT, it is found to be a robust, sensitive and reproducible measure of semen quality, representative of the individual.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anwyn E Apedaile
- Clinical Sciences Centre, Medical Research Council, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Doeringsfeld MR, Schlosser IJ, Elder JF, Evenson DP. PHENOTYPIC CONSEQUENCES OF GENETIC VARIATION IN A GYNOGENETIC COMPLEX OF PHOXINUS EOS-NEOGAEUS CLONAL FISH (PISCES: CYPRINIDAE) INHABITING A HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENT. Evolution 2004. [DOI: 10.1554/03-668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
49
|
Ramos L, de Boer P, Meuleman EJH, Braat DDM, Wetzels AMM. Chromatin condensation and DNA damage of human epididymal spermatozoa in obstructive azoospermia. Reprod Biomed Online 2004; 8:392-7. [PMID: 15149561 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive azoospermia (OA) includes patients with different aetiologies of obstruction such as congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens (CBAVD), post-vasectomy/failed vaso-vasostomy, or unknown (idiopathic). The frequency of DNA-damaged spermatozoa and abnormal chromatin condensation in epididymal spermatozoa of OA patients was investigated for the different aetiology subgroups. DNA damage in caput epididymis spermatozoa was assessed with the TdT-UTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay and chromatin condensation status was measured with chromomycin A3 (CMA3) stain (n = 60 patients). All epididymal sperm samples showed high levels of TUNEL positivity (mean and SD, 43 +/- 17%). CMA3 rates showed large variation within the samples (mean and SD, 53 +/- 21%, range 7-97%); however, a significant difference in chromatin condensation was found between the different aetiologies of obstruction. The highest percentage of CMA3 positivity was found in the CBAVD and idiopathic groups (60 +/- 17 and 65 +/- 18% respectively) compared with the post-vasectomy samples (37 +/- 17%) or ejaculated spermatozoa from normozoospermic males (29 +/- 12%). In conclusion, despite the normal testicular histology in OA men, chromatin condensation differed between OA patients. The physiological heterogeneity found in chromatin condensation between patient subgroups is probably influenced by the aetiology of the obstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Ramos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Rowland SC, Jacobson JD, Patton WC, King A, Chan PJ. Dual fluorescence analysis of DNA apoptosis in sperm. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 188:1156-7. [PMID: 12748462 DOI: 10.1067/mob.2003.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare fluorochrome Hoechst 33342 (Ho342) with combined Ho342/propidium iodide (PI) stains for assessment of sperm quality. STUDY DESIGN Washed donor sperm cells were incubated in either 0, 0.15, or 15 micromol/L camptothecin (CAM) or 0.37 or 3.7 mmol/L genistein (GEN) for 4 hours at 37 degrees C. The sperm cells were analyzed for cycle-independent apoptosis and necrosis by single- compared with dual-stained fluorescence microscopy to contrast the relative effectiveness of these two approaches. RESULTS The single-stain procedure did not detect viability differences (overall 76.1% +/- 2.2% live). In contrast, the dual-stain procedure identified a dose-dependent decrease in viability and increased necrozoospermia for CAM and GEN treatments. Apoptosis was 2-fold higher with topoisomerase inhibitor treatment. CONCLUSION The two topoisomerase inhibitors were associated with increased apoptosis and dose-dependent necrosis. The data suggested that the dual-stain combination Ho342/PI was more sensitive than the single Ho342 stain analysis and permitted quantifying the apoptosis and necrosis events in sperm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Rowland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11370 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|