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Noble JA, Besançon S, Sidibé AT, Rozemuller EH, Rijkers M, Dadkhodaie F, de Bruin H, Kooij J, Martin HRN, Ogle GD, Mack SJ. Complete HLA genotyping of type 1 diabetes patients and controls from Mali reveals both expected and novel disease associations. HLA 2024; 103:e15319. [PMID: 38226399 PMCID: PMC10863981 DOI: 10.1111/tan.15319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
HLA genotyping was performed on 99 type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients and 200 controls from Mali. Next-generation sequencing of the classical HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DRB3, -DRB4, -DRB5, -DQA1, -DQB1, -DPA1, and -DPB1 loci revealed strong T1D association for all loci except HLA-C and -DPA1. Class II association is stronger than class I association, with most observed associations predisposing or protective as expected based on previous studies. For example, HLA-DRB1*03:01, HLA-DRB1*09:01, and HLA-DRB1*04:05 predispose for T1D, whereas HLA-DRB1*15:03 is protective. HLA-DPB1*04:02 (OR = 12.73, p = 2.92 × 10-05 ) and HLA-B*27:05 (OR = 21.36, p = 3.72 × 10-05 ) appear highly predisposing, although previous studies involving multiple populations have reported HLA-DPB1*04:02 as T1D-protective and HLA-B*27:05 as neutral. This result may reflect the linkage disequilibrium between alleles on the extended HLA-A*24:02~HLA-B*27:05~HLA-C*02:02~HLA-DRB1*04:05~HLA-DRB4*01:03~HLA-DQB1*02:02~HLA-DQA1*02:01~HLA-DPB1*04:02~HLA-DPA1*01:03 haplotype in this population rather than an effect of either allele itself. Individual amino acid (AA) analyses are consistent with most T1D association attributable to HLA class II rather than class I in this data set. AA-level analyses reveal previously undescribed differences of the HLA-C locus from the HLA-A and HLA-B loci, with more polymorphic positions, spanning a larger portion of the gene. This may reflect additional mechanisms for HLA-C to influence T1D risk, for example, through expression differences or through its role as the dominant ligand for killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). Comparison of these data to those from larger studies and on other populations may facilitate T1D prediction and help elucidate elusive mechanisms of how HLA contributes to T1D risk and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle A Noble
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Harper R N Martin
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Graham D Ogle
- Life for a Child Program, Diabetes Australia, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steven J Mack
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, California, USA
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2
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Hanna SJ, Thayer TC, Robinson EJS, Vinh NN, Williams N, Landry LG, Andrews R, Siah QZ, Leete P, Wyatt R, McAteer MA, Nakayama M, Wong FS, Yang JHM, Tree TIM, Ludvigsson J, Dayan CM, Tatovic D. Single-cell RNAseq identifies clonally expanded antigen-specific T-cells following intradermal injection of gold nanoparticles loaded with diabetes autoantigen in humans. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1276255. [PMID: 37908349 PMCID: PMC10613693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1276255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been used in the development of novel therapies as a way of delivery of both stimulatory and tolerogenic peptide cargoes. Here we report that intradermal injection of GNPs loaded with the proinsulin peptide C19-A3, in patients with type 1 diabetes, results in recruitment and retention of immune cells in the skin. These include large numbers of clonally expanded T-cells sharing the same paired T-cell receptors (TCRs) with activated phenotypes, half of which, when the TCRs were re-expressed in a cell-based system, were confirmed to be specific for either GNP or proinsulin. All the identified gold-specific clones were CD8+, whilst proinsulin-specific clones were both CD8+ and CD4+. Proinsulin-specific CD8+ clones had a distinctive cytotoxic phenotype with overexpression of granulysin (GNLY) and KIR receptors. Clonally expanded antigen-specific T cells remained in situ for months to years, with a spectrum of tissue resident memory and effector memory phenotypes. As the T-cell response is divided between targeting the gold core and the antigenic cargo, this offers a route to improving resident memory T-cells formation in response to vaccines. In addition, our scRNAseq data indicate that focusing on clonally expanded skin infiltrating T-cells recruited to intradermally injected antigen is a highly efficient method to enrich and identify antigen-specific cells. This approach has the potential to be used to monitor the intradermal delivery of antigens and nanoparticles for immune modulation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J. Hanna
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Terri C. Thayer
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Roberts Wesleyan University, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Emma J. S. Robinson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ngoc-Nga Vinh
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Williams
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Laurie G. Landry
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Robert Andrews
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Qi Zhuang Siah
- John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pia Leete
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Wyatt
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maki Nakayama
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States
| | - F. Susan Wong
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jennie H. M. Yang
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy I. M. Tree
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Crown Princess Victoria Children´s Hospital, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Colin M. Dayan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Danijela Tatovic
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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3
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Sabetkam S, Kalarestaghi H, Mazloumi Z, Dizaji Asl K, Norouzi N, Rafat A. The dysfunction of natural killer cells is essential for the development of type 1 diabetes. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 247:154556. [PMID: 37216747 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells by immune cells. In general, environmental and genetic factors can lead to immunological self-tolerance in TID. It is clear that the innate immune system, especially natural killer (NK) cells, is involved in the pathogenesis of T1D. Aberrant NK cell frequencies associated with dysregulation of inhibitory and activating receptors contribute to the initiation and progression of T1D. As T1D is incurable and the metabolic disturbances caused by T1D severely impact patients, a better understanding of NK cell behavior in T1D may facilitate disease treatment strategies. The current review focuses on the role of NK cell receptors in T1D and also highlights ongoing efforts to manipulate key checkpoints in NK cell-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Sabetkam
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kyrenia, Mersin 10, Kyrenia, Turkey; Department of Histopathology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medical sciences, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Kalarestaghi
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cell, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mazloumi
- Department of Medical Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Dizaji Asl
- Department of Histopathology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medical sciences, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nahid Norouzi
- Nursing Trauma Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Rafat
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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4
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Gunavathy N, Asirvatham A, Chitra A, Jayalakshmi M. Association of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors and Their HLA-Ligands with Type 1 Diabetes Among South Indian Population. Immunol Invest 2023; 52:270-285. [PMID: 36705596 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2165940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease, involving strong genetic components with familial predisposition. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) found on the surface of NK cells have ligands of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I that are associated with T1D. The present study evaluates the influence of KIR genes and their HLA-ligands in the aetiology of T1D among the South Indian population. METHODS A total of 125 T1D patients, along with their parents (n = 126) and siblings (n = 52) were recruited. PCR-based genotyping was performed for KIR genes and HLA class I ligands. The gene frequencies were compared between patients and siblings/parents. Linkage-disequilibrium (LD) analysis was performed to assess the genetic association between KIR gene pairs. RESULTS The results show significant differences in HLA-ligands of KIR genes between patients and parents. The HLA-C1C1 homozygosity was found to be a predisposing risk factor, and HLA-C1C2 heterozygosity was protective towards T1D along with either the activating KIR2DS2 or inhibitory KIRs 2DL1, 2DL2, 2DL3. However, the frequency of inhibitory KIR3DL1 significantly increased in the presence of HLA-B Bw4 Ile80 in parents when compared to patients showing a protective effect on T1D. Two pairs of KIR genes, 2DS4-3DL1 and 2DS1-2DL5, showed strong LD in patients, siblings and parents. CONCLUSION The KIR-HLA ligand combinations have a significant effect on T1D aetiology among the South Indian population. This study defines a pattern for family-based association studies with genotypic information about KIR genes and their HLA-ligands, providing the first evidence towards T1D among the South Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarajan Gunavathy
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Arthur Asirvatham
- Department of Diabetology, Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai, India
| | - Ayyappan Chitra
- Institute of Child Health and Research Centre, Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai, India
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5
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Liang Y, Hou L, Wu W, Ye F, Zhang C, Luo X. History of pediatric type 1 diabetes in China. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:551-555. [PMID: 34403181 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children has been increasing worldwide. However, there is not much information about the situation of pediatric T1DM in China. In the past 60 years, the clinical management and research of pediatric T1DM in China have made tremendous progress. We introduced the history of pediatric diabetes in China. In addition to review the current situation of research in pediatric diabetes, we summarized the progress in the treatment and management of pediatric T1DM in China. Finally, we pointed out some shortcomings, which need to be improved in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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6
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Pujar M, Vastrad B, Kavatagimath S, Vastrad C, Kotturshetti S. Identification of candidate biomarkers and pathways associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus using bioinformatics analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9157. [PMID: 35650387 PMCID: PMC9160069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a metabolic disorder for which the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. This investigation aimed to elucidate essential candidate genes and pathways in T1DM by integrated bioinformatics analysis. In this study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using DESeq2 of R package from GSE162689 of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, REACTOME pathway enrichment analysis, and construction and analysis of protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, modules, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network, and validation of hub genes were performed. A total of 952 DEGs (477 up regulated and 475 down regulated genes) were identified in T1DM. GO and REACTOME enrichment result results showed that DEGs mainly enriched in multicellular organism development, detection of stimulus, diseases of signal transduction by growth factor receptors and second messengers, and olfactory signaling pathway. The top hub genes such as MYC, EGFR, LNX1, YBX1, HSP90AA1, ESR1, FN1, TK1, ANLN and SMAD9 were screened out as the critical genes among the DEGs from the PPI network, modules, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis confirmed that these genes were significantly associated with T1DM. In conclusion, the identified DEGs, particularly the hub genes, strengthen the understanding of the advancement and progression of T1DM, and certain genes might be used as candidate target molecules to diagnose, monitor and treat T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Pujar
- Department of Pediatrics, J J M Medical College, Davangere, Karnataka, 577004, India
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. College of Pharmacy, Gadag, Karnataka, 582101, India
| | - Satish Kavatagimath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, K.L.E. College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580001, India.
| | - Shivakumar Kotturshetti
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580001, India
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7
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Expression of Killer Immunoglobulin Receptor Genes among HIV-Infected Individuals with Non-AIDS Comorbidities. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:1119611. [PMID: 35071606 PMCID: PMC8769865 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1119611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) increased the life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLHIV) and remarkably reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection. However, non-AIDS associated comorbidities including diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are increasingly reported among PLHIV receiving cART. Killer cell immunoglobulin receptors (KIRs) expressed on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells have been previously implicated in controlling HIV disease progression. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of KIRs in developing non-AIDS associated comorbidities among PLHIV. Demographic and behavioral data were collected from voluntary participants using a standardized questionnaire. Whole blood samples were collected for KIR genotyping. Hypertension (29.5%) and hyperlipidemia (29.5%) followed by diabetes (23.7%) and CVD (9.7%) were mainly reported among our study participants with higher rate of comorbid conditions observed among
years old. The observed KIR frequency (OF) was ≥90% for inhibitory KIR2DL1 and KIR3DL1, activating KIR2DS4 and the pseudogene KIR2DP1 among study participants. We detected significant differences in the expression of KIR3DS4 and KIR3DL1 (
) between diabetic and nondiabetic and in the expression of KIR2DL3 between hypertensive and normotensive HIV-infected individuals (
). Moreover, KIR2DL1 and KIR2DP1 were associated with significantly reduced odds of having CVD (OR 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01-0.69;
). Our study suggests the potential role of KIR in predisposition to non-AIDS comorbidities among PLHIV and underscores the need for more studies to further elucidate the role of KIRs in this population.
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8
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Yang Y, Bai H, Wu Y, Chen P, Zhou J, Lei J, Ye X, Brown AJ, Zhou X, Shu T, Chen Y, Wei P, Yin L. The Activating receptor KIR2DS2 bound to HLA-C1 reveals the novel recognition features of activating receptor. Immunology 2021; 165:341-354. [PMID: 34967442 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are important receptors for regulating the killing of virus-infected or cancer cells of natural killer (NK) cells. KIR2DS2 can recognize peptides derived from hepatitis C virus (HCV) or global flaviviruses (such as dengue and Zika) presented by HLA-C*0102 to activate NK cells, and have shown promising results when used for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we present the complex structure of KIR2DS2 with HLA-C*0102 at a resolution of 2.5Å. Our structure reveals that KIR2DS2 can bind HLA-C*0102 and HLA-A*1101 in two different directions. Moreover, Tyr45 (in activating receptor KIR2DS2) and Phe45 (in inhibitory KIRs) distinguish the two different binding models and binding affinity between activating KIRs and inhibitory KIRs. The conserved "AT" motif of the peptide mediates recognition and determines the peptide specificity of recognition. These structural characteristic shed light on how KIRs activate NK cells and can provide a molecular basis for immunotherapy by NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yankang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Lei
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Alex J Brown
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Xi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, CAS, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, CAS, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongshun Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengcheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Lei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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9
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Soltani S, Mostafaei S, Aslani S, Farhadi E, Mahmoudi M. Association of KIR gene polymorphisms with Type 1 Diabetes: a meta-analysis. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 19:1777-1786. [PMID: 33520861 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a T cell-mediated disease, in which autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in pancreatic islets occurs. In recent decades, the role of Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene polymorphisms in susceptibility to T1D has been demonstrated in an increased number of studies. Nonetheless, inconsistency has been observed in the results of performed association studies. To comprehensively clarify the association among KIR gene polymorphisms and the risk of T1D, this meta-analysis on the previously published association studies was carried out via incorporating multiple research. Methods No publication has been recorded from Nov 2017 until July 2020 about the KIR genes and T1D. The PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases were systematically searched up to November 2017 to identify investigations on the impact of the polymorphisms of KIR genes on susceptibility to T1D. The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated. Funnel plot and Egger test were used to assess the publication bias. Thirteen qualified published case-control articles were found for evaluation in this meta-analysis. Results Our results show statistical significance between the genetic variations in the KIR2DL1 (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.23-0.77; P = 0.005), KIR2DL2 (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.00-1.32; P = 0.048), and KIR2DL5 (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.75-0.98; P = 0.03) with susceptibility to T1D. Conclusions This meta-analysis study provides reliable evidence that KIR gene polymorphisms may contribute to T1D risk. KIR 2DL1 and 2DL5 genes might be considered as a protective factor for T1D, while 2DL2 seemed to be a susceptibility factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Soltani
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO-BOX: 1411713137, Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayan Mostafaei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Sorkheh-Ligeh Blvd, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Farhadi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO-BOX: 1411713137, Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran.,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO-BOX: 1411713137, Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran.,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Significance of KIR like natural killer cell receptors in autoimmune disorders. Clin Immunol 2020; 216:108449. [PMID: 32376502 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), act as the regulators for the cytolytic activity of natural killer and certain T cells by interacting with the HLA class I ligands. KIRs have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. However, their specific roles are still not very clear. Autoimmune diseases are multifactorial in nature, highlighting the influence of both genetic and environmental factors. The innate immune response plays an important role in autoimmunity as it alters the self-glycans that mimic molecular patterns found on different intracellular pathogens. Natural killer (NK) cells have an important position in the innate immune response. NK cell receptors are encoded by the leukocyte receptor complex located on the chromosome 19q13.4 and lectin-like receptors on chromosome 12p13. This review focuses on the role of KIRs and their relationship with different autoimmune diseases.
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11
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Chinniah R, Vijayan M, Sivanadham R, Ravi P, Panneerselvam D, Kannan A, Karuppiah B. Diversity and association of HLA/KIR receptors with type 2 diabetes in South India. Int J Immunogenet 2019; 46:166-178. [PMID: 30809938 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to delineate the association(s) of KIR-HLA combination in South Indian Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The T2DM patients (n = 343) and healthy controls (n = 309) were genotyped for KIR/HLA ligands by PCR-SSP method. The increased frequency of activatory KIR (aKIR) 2DS2 (OR = 1.91; p < 2.91 × 10-4 ) was observed in patients suggesting a susceptible association. The frequencies of iKIR 2DL2 (OR = 0.38; p < 1.55 × 10-5 ) and aKIRs 2DS1 (OR = 0.60; p < 0.001) and 3DS1 (OR = 0.52; p < 5.83 × 10-5 ) were decreased in patients suggesting protective associations. The C1/C2 combinatorial analysis has revealed an increased frequency of C1+ /C2- in T2DM patients (OR = 1.62; p < 0.014). The KIR "AB" genotype (OR = 2.41; p < 3.87 × 10-5 ) was observed to be higher in patients. However, the "BB" genotype (OR = 0.32; p < 4.71 × 10-7 ) was increased in controls. The KIR motifs, "Tel-B/B" (OR = 1.84; p < 0.007), were observed higher among patients. However, the frequency of "Tel-A/B" motif genotype was decreased in patients (OR = 0.56; p < 3.13 × 10-4 ). The iKIR/HLA combinations such as 2DL2/3 +C1 and 3DL2+A3/A11 were increased in patients (OR = 3.90; p < 7.5 × 10-5 ) suggesting susceptible associations. On the contrary, the aKIR+HLA combinations such as 2DS2+C1, 2DS1+C2 and 3DS1+Bw4 were less frequent in patients (OR = 0.32; p < 4.2 × 10-4 ) suggesting protective associations. Thus, the present study clearly establishes the positive and negative associations of different KIR-HLA receptor combinations with T2DM in South India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathika Chinniah
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murali Vijayan
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Ramgopal Sivanadham
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Padmamalini Ravi
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Arun Kannan
- Endocrinology and Diabetology, Madurai Institute of Diabetes and Endocrine Practice and Research, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balakrishnan Karuppiah
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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12
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Gambino CM, Di Bona D, Aiello A, Carru C, Duro G, Guggino G, Ferrante A, Zinellu A, Caruso C, Candore G, Accardi G. HLA-C1 ligands are associated with increased susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus. Hum Immunol 2018; 79:172-177. [PMID: 29395276 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the role of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) in autoimmune diseases has received increasing attention. The present study was undertaken to determine the association of KIR genes and the human leukocytes antigen (HLA) ligands with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and accompanying oxidative stress. Presence or absence of 17 KIR and 5 HLA loci was performed using the polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) method by case-control study. A total of 45 SLE patients, and 60 healthy controls, all of Sicilian descent, were enrolled. Plasma values of the anti-oxidant molecule Taurine were determined in all subjects by capillary electrophoresis UV detection. The carrier frequency of the KIR2DS2 gene was significantly increased in SLE patients compared to healthy controls (73.3 versus 45.0%; OR = 3.36; 95% CI = 1.46-7.74; p = .005) suggesting a role of KIR2DS2 gene in the susceptibility to disease. We also observed a strong positive association between the presence of HLA-C1 ligands group and the disease (82.2% in SLE patients versus 41.7% in controls; OR = 6.47, 95% CI = 2.58-16.26; p < .0001). Stepwise logistic regression analysis supported the effect of the HLA-C1 ligands in SLE patients (OR = 7.06, 95% CI = 0.07-2.19; p = .002), while the KIR genes were no longer significant. Interestingly, we found that SLE patients HLA-C1 positive showed significantly decreased plasma levels of antioxidant activity marker Taurine (69.38 ± 28.49 μmol/L) compared to SLE patients HLA-C1 negative (108.37 ± 86.09 μmol/L) (p = .03). In conclusion, HLA-C1 ligands group was significantly associated with an increased risk of SLE as well as an increased oxidative stress status overall in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Maria Gambino
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies (Di.Bi.Med.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Danilo Di Bona
- School and Chair of Allergology, Department of Emergencies and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Aiello
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies (Di.Bi.Med.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Duro
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Guggino
- Department of Internal and Specialist Biomedicine, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Ferrante
- Department of Internal and Specialist Biomedicine, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies (Di.Bi.Med.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Azienda Universitaria-Ospedaliera Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies (Di.Bi.Med.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Azienda Universitaria-Ospedaliera Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies (Di.Bi.Med.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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13
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Liu SL, Zheng AJ, Ding L. Association between KIR gene polymorphisms and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) susceptibility: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e9439. [PMID: 29384924 PMCID: PMC6392676 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease with a complex genetic and immunological background. Evidence suggests that killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes are associated with T1DM, but the results are inconsistent. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the effect of KIR genes on the risk of T1DM. METHODS The PubMed, Web of Science, the Chinese Biomedical Database, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were systematically searched to select studies on the association between KIR polymorphisms and T1DM. The quality of each study was scoring in term of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of this association. Subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity was also conducted. Funnel plot and Egger test were conducted to assess the publication bias. RESULTS A total of 13 independent case-control studies comprising 2076 T1DM cases and 1967 controls were included in this meta-analysis. We found a negative association between the KIR2DL1 polymorphism and susceptibility to T1DM in the overall population (OR = 0.71, 95%CI = 0.51-0.98, P = .038), but not in ethnic-specific analysis. Additionally, a negative association between the KIR2DS1 polymorphism and susceptibility to T1DM was found in the Asians (OR = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.63-0.92, P = .004), but not in the Caucasians. However, the associations could not withstand Bonferroni correction. Conversely, no association between the other KIRs genes (KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3, KIR2DL4, KIR2DL5, KIR2DS2, KIR2DS3, KIR2DS4, KIR2DS5, KIR3DL1, KIR3DL2, KIR3DL3, and KIR3DS1) and T1DM susceptibility was found in overall and subgroup ethnicity. No publication bias was detected in all comparisons. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this meta-analysis suggested that the KIR2DL1 and 2DS1 polymorphism might be a potential protective factor for T1DM in the specific ethnicity. Further subtle design studies with more sample size are still needed for a definitive conclusion.
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14
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Osman AE, AlJuryyan A, Alharthi H, Almoshary M. Association between the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor a haplotype and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hum Immunol 2017; 78:510-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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15
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Sun C, Sanjeevi S, Luo F, Zhi D, Sanjeevi CB. Interactions between maternal killer cell immunoglobulin receptor genes and foetal HLA ligand genes contribute to type 1 diabetes susceptibility in Han Chinese. Int J Immunogenet 2016; 43:125-30. [PMID: 26991115 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that KIR haplotypes (that interact with HLA class I molecules) are associated with susceptibility in patients with T1DM in utero through maternal-foetal interaction of KIR and their HLA class I ligands in Han Chinese population. We determined the KIR genes and KIR/ligand gene combination frequencies in 59 Han Chinese children with T1D and their mothers and compared it with 159 healthy control children and their mothers. The absence of KIR-2DS1 in the mother and the presence of HLA-C2 ligand in the child were negatively associated with type 1 diabetes in the child. Our results indicate that maternal KIR genes and their interaction with foetal HLA-C2 may contribute to the risk of type 1 diabetes among Han Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sun
- Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inborn Metabolic diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Sanjeevi
- Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Luo
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inborn Metabolic diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - D Zhi
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inborn Metabolic diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - C B Sanjeevi
- Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Gamliel M, Anderson KL, Ebstein RP, Yirmiya N, Mankuta D. Paternal HLA-C and Maternal Killer-Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Genotypes in the Development of Autism. Front Pediatr 2016; 4:76. [PMID: 27517034 PMCID: PMC4963409 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2016.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are a family of cell surface proteins found on natural killer cells, which are components of the innate immune system. KIRs recognize MHC class I proteins, mainly HLA-C and are further divided into two groups: short-tailed 2/3DS activating receptors and long-tailed 2/3DL inhibitory receptors. Based on the Barker Hypothesis, the origins of illness can be traced back to embryonic development in the uterus, and since KIR:HLA interaction figures prominently in the maternal-fetal interface, we investigated whether specific KIR:HLA combinations may be found in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) children compared with their healthy parents. This study enrolled 49 ASD children from different Israeli families, and their healthy parents. Among the parents, a higher frequency of HLA-C2 allotypes was found in the fathers, while its corresponding ligand 2DS1 was found in higher percentage in the maternal group. However, such skewing in KIR:HLA frequencies did not appear in the ASD children. Additionally, analysis of "overall activation" indicated higher activation in maternal than in paternal cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriya Gamliel
- Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Karen L Anderson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Richard P Ebstein
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Nurit Yirmiya
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - David Mankuta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
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17
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Sanjeevi S, Sun C, Kanungo A, Sanjeevi CB. Killer immunoglobulin receptor genes and their HLA-C ligand are associated with Type 1 diabetes in an Eastern Indian population. Diabet Med 2016; 33:91-6. [PMID: 26031759 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and their interaction with HLA class I ligands have been shown to be associated with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of KIR genes and their HLA-C ligands for susceptibility to Type 1 diabetes in patients from Eastern India. METHODS A total of 135 patients with Type 1 diabetes and 98 healthy subjects from Eastern India were typed for KIR genes and HLA-C ligands using PCR-based genotyping. The frequencies of these genes were compared between patients and controls. RESULTS Comparison of KIR genes between Type 1 diabetes patients and healthy subjects revealed significantly different frequencies of KIRs 2DL2 and 2DS4. The presence of HLA-C1 was negatively associated with disease. The presence of both HLA-C1 and -C2 showed a negative association with Type 1 diabetes, whereas the absence of C1 and presence of C2 was positively associated with disease. Stratification analysis of HLA-C ligands and KIRs showed significant associations between Type 1 diabetes and 2DL2+/C1-, 2DL2-/C1+, 2DL3+/C1+, 2DL3+/C1- and 2DS2+/C1-. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the interaction of KIRs with HLA-C ligands are significant and certain combinations contribute to susceptibility to and protection against Type 1 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Disease Susceptibility
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Frequency
- Genetic Association Studies
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- HLA-C Antigens/blood
- HLA-C Antigens/genetics
- HLA-C Antigens/metabolism
- Humans
- India
- Ligands
- Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology
- Natural Killer T-Cells/metabolism
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Receptors, KIR/agonists
- Receptors, KIR/blood
- Receptors, KIR/genetics
- Receptors, KIR/metabolism
- Receptors, KIR2DL2/agonists
- Receptors, KIR2DL2/blood
- Receptors, KIR2DL2/genetics
- Receptors, KIR2DL2/metabolism
- Receptors, KIR2DL3/agonists
- Receptors, KIR2DL3/blood
- Receptors, KIR2DL3/genetics
- Receptors, KIR2DL3/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sanjeevi
- Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Sun
- Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Kanungo
- Kanungo Institute of Diabetes Specialities Hospital, Bhubaneshwar, India
| | - C B Sanjeevi
- Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Osman AE, Eltayeb-ELSheikh N, Mubasher M, Al Harthi H, Alharbi S, Hamza MA, ElGhazali G. Investigation of activating and inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and their putative ligands in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Hum Immunol 2015; 77:110-114. [PMID: 26542066 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and environmental factors play important roles in predisposing an individual to the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Several studies have investigated the role of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and their HLA-class I ligands in susceptibility to T1D development, but only some of these studies have demonstrated an association. KIRs and their corresponding HLA class I ligands were investigated in Saudi patients with T1D compared with healthy controls. No significant differences in KIR gene distribution were observed between T1D patients and healthy controls. However, the homozygous C1/C1 ligand was considered a risk factor in predisposing individuals to T1D, whereas C2/C2 and HLA-Bw4 were considered protective factors against T1D. KIR2DL2/2DS2-C1C1 and KIR2DL3-C1C1 were significantly associated with T1D, and KIR2DS1-C2C2 and KIR2DL1-C2C2 were significantly less frequent in T1D patients. Stratification of KIR-HLA class I ligands in terms of the absence/presence of specific genotypes has different indications for susceptibility to T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awad E Osman
- King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gehad ElGhazali
- Mafraq Hospital and Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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19
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Noble JA. Immunogenetics of type 1 diabetes: A comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2015; 64:101-12. [PMID: 26272854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Prevention of T1D will require the ability to detect and modulate the autoimmune process before the clinical onset of disease. Genetic screening is a logical first step in identification of future patients to test prevention strategies. Susceptibility to T1D includes a strong genetic component, with the strongest risk attributable to genes that encode the classical Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA). Other genetic loci, both immune and non-immune genes, contribute to T1D risk; however, the results of decades of small and large genetic linkage and association studies show clearly that the HLA genes confer the most disease risk and protection and can be used as part of a prediction strategy for T1D. Current predictive genetic models, based on HLA and other susceptibility loci, are effective in identifying the highest-risk individuals in populations of European descent. These models generally include screening for the HLA haplotypes "DR3" and "DR4." However, genetic variation among racial and ethnic groups reduces the predictive value of current models that are based on low resolution HLA genotyping. Not all DR3 and DR4 haplotypes are high T1D risk; some versions, rare in Europeans but high frequency in other populations, are even T1D protective. More information is needed to create predictive models for non-European populations. Comparative studies among different populations are needed to complete the knowledge base for the genetics of T1D risk to enable the eventual development of screening and intervention strategies applicable to all individuals, tailored to their individual genetic background. This review summarizes the current understanding of the genetic basis of T1D susceptibility, focusing on genes of the immune system, with particular emphasis on the HLA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle A Noble
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA.
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20
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Lin L, Ma C, Wei B, Aziz N, Rajalingam R, Yusung S, Erlich HA, Trachtenberg EA, Targan SR, McGovern DPB, Heath JR, Braun J. Human NK cells licensed by killer Ig receptor genes have an altered cytokine program that modifies CD4+ T cell function. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 193:940-9. [PMID: 24935928 PMCID: PMC4096688 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
NK cells are innate immune cells known for their cytolytic activities toward tumors and infections. They are capable of expressing diverse killer Ig-like receptors (KIRs), and KIRs are implicated in susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD), a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease. However, the cellular mechanism of this genetic contribution is unknown. In this study, we show that the "licensing" of NK cells, determined by the presence of KIR2DL3 and homozygous HLA-C1 in host genome, results in their cytokine reprogramming, which permits them to promote CD4(+) T cell activation and Th17 differentiation ex vivo. Microfluidic analysis of thousands of NK single cells and bulk secretions established that licensed NK cells are more polarized to proinflammatory cytokine production than unlicensed NK cells, including production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, CCL-5, and MIP-1β. Cytokines produced by licensed NK augmented CD4(+) T cell proliferation and IL-17A/IL-22 production. Ab blocking indicated a primary role for IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the augmented T cell-proliferative response. In conclusion, NK licensing mediated by KIR2DL2/3 and HLA-C1 elicits a novel NK cytokine program that activates and induces proinflammatory CD4(+) T cells, thereby providing a potential biologic mechanism for KIR-associated susceptibility to CD and other chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Chao Ma
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Najib Aziz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Raja Rajalingam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Susy Yusung
- Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Henry A Erlich
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609
| | | | - Stephan R Targan
- Translational Genomics Group, F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- Translational Genomics Group, F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048; Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - James R Heath
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; NanoSystems Biology Cancer Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Jonathan Braun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
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21
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Osman AE, Mubasher M, ElSheikh NE, AlHarthi H, Al Yami AS, Rajalingam R, Al-Dehaimi A, Middleton D, ElGhazali G. Characterization of human killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) among healthy Saudis. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:536-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Caselli E, Rizzo R, Ingianni A, Contini P, Pompei R, Di Luca D. High prevalence of HHV8 infection and specific killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors allotypes in Sardinian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Med Virol 2013; 86:1745-51. [PMID: 24122895 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of type 2 diabetes is thought to involve both environmental, possibly infectious, and genetic factors. Recently, a high prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) infection was observed in type 2 diabetes patients, and specific killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) allotypes were associated to both increased susceptibility to herpesvirus infection and risk to develop diabetes. However, no clear gene-disease or virus-disease associations have been established. To investigate the possible interplay between HHV8 infection, KIR allotype and type 2 diabetes, virus prevalence and KIR genotype were analyzed by PCR in 168 patients affected by type 2 diabetes and 108 control individuals belonging to the Sardinian population. Results showed a significant increase of HHV8 prevalence in type 2 diabetes patients versus controls (57% vs. 17%, P < 0.001), and a significant increase of KIR2DL2/DS2 homozygosity in diabetes patients infected with HHV8 compared to uninfected ones (64% vs. 14%, P < 0.0001), resulting in a significant OR of 11.31. In addition, the analysis of the frequency of the KIR2DL2/DS2 receptor and its HLA-C1 ligand, accordingly to the status of HHV8 infection, showed a significant increased correlation between KIR2DL2/DS2, type 2 diabetes and HLA-C1C1 genotype in the type 2 diabetes patients infected with HHV8 compared to uninfected ones (62% vs. 15%, P < 0.0001, OR = 8.64). These findings provide preliminary evidence that HHV8 infection might be a cofactor for type 2 diabetes in a specific subset of genetically susceptible individuals, and suggest the possibility that such patients might have an impaired immune-mediated component contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Caselli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Microbiology Unit, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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23
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Augusto DG, Piovezan BZ, Tsuneto LT, Callegari-Jacques SM, Petzl-Erler ML. KIR gene content in amerindians indicates influence of demographic factors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56755. [PMID: 23451080 PMCID: PMC3581531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the KIR gene content polymorphism has been studied worldwide, only a few isolated or Amerindian populations have been analyzed. This extremely diverse gene family codifies receptors that are expressed mainly in NK cells and bind HLA class I molecules. KIR-HLA combinations have been associated to several diseases and population studies are important to comprehend their evolution and their role in immunity. Here we analyzed, by PCR-SSP (specific sequencing priming), 327 individuals from four isolated groups of two of the most important Brazilian Amerindian populations: Kaingang and Guarani. The pattern of KIR diversity among these and other ten Amerindian populations disclosed a wide range of variation for both KIR haplotypes and gene frequencies, indicating that demographic factors, such as bottleneck and founder effects, were the most important evolutionary factors in shaping the KIR polymorphism in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Zagonel Piovezan
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Luiza Tamie Tsuneto
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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