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Fouani JM, Scala M, Zaffaroni-Caorsi V, Verrastro V, Anfora G, Mazzoni V. The post-diapause vibrational behavior, motility, and survival of the brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys (Stål) adults at different temperatures. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1198. [PMID: 38216589 PMCID: PMC10786867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50480-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Substrate-borne vibrational communication is common in pentatomids. Although several works exist on the vibrational communication of Halyomorpha halys, its vibrational behavior post diapause has not been investigated. In this study, we recorded H. halys overwintered adults using laser doppler vibrometers at three temperatures: 10 °C (inactivity), 18 °C (breaking of diapause), and 25 °C (peak of mating activity). The aim was to assess the effect of temperature on the signaling, motility, and survival of H. halys. The insects were sexed into different cages and recorded separately or joined with a cage of the opposite sex. We calculated the total time spent on signaling and walking per replica. The males predominantly emitted male signal 1 (MS1) throughout the four months of recordings. The females exclusively emitted female signal 2 (FS2) when joined with the opposite sex cage the first two months of recordings. Interestingly, they also started FS2 signaling when recorded separately, after two months. No signaling was recorded at 10 °C. At 25 °C, the signaling latency time before vibrational signaling was 24 h compared to 23 days at 18 °C. The short latency time at 25 °C correlated with a higher death rate in early stages of recording. Male walking activity was significantly higher in joined cages at 18 °C and 25 °C, suggesting the increased searching behavior near the opposite sex. Overwintered H. halys could adapt to different conditions whereas low temperatures maintain the diapause which is characterized by no signaling activity. Our results provide a foundation for bioclimatic modeling of climate change effects on H. halys and insights into the use of vibrational playbacks for mass trapping and monitoring as control techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal M Fouani
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, 38010, San Michele All'Adige, Italy.
| | - Marica Scala
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, 38010, San Michele All'Adige, Italy
| | - Valentina Zaffaroni-Caorsi
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, 38010, San Michele All'Adige, Italy
- Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Verrastro
- CIHEAM Bari - International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies, Via Ceglie 9, 70010, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Anfora
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, 38010, San Michele All'Adige, Italy
| | - Valerio Mazzoni
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010, San Michele All'Adige, Italy
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Abram PK, Guerra-Grenier E, Brodeur J, Capko C, Aquino MFS, Beers EH, Blassioli-Moraes MC, Borges M, Cingolani MF, Cusumano A, De Clercq P, Fernandez CA, Gariepy TD, Haye T, Hoelmer K, Laumann RA, Lietti M, McPherson JE, Punschke E, Saunders TE, Zhang JP, Hardy ICW. Protective Geometry and Reproductive Anatomy as Candidate Determinants of Clutch Size Variation in Pentatomid Bugs. Am Nat 2023; 202:E104-E120. [PMID: 37792913 DOI: 10.1086/725917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMany animals lay their eggs in clusters. Eggs on the periphery of clusters can be at higher risk of mortality. We asked whether the most commonly occurring clutch sizes in pentatomid bugs could result from geometrical arrangements that maximize the proportion of eggs in the cluster's interior. Although the most common clutch sizes do not correspond with geometric optimality, stink bugs do tend to lay clusters of eggs in shapes that protect increasing proportions of their offspring as clutch sizes increase. We also considered whether ovariole number, an aspect of reproductive anatomy that may be a fixed trait across many pentatomids, could explain observed distributions of clutch sizes. The most common clutch sizes across many species correspond with multiples of ovariole number. However, there are species with the same number of ovarioles that lay clutches of widely varying size, among which multiples of ovariole number are not overrepresented. In pentatomid bugs, reproductive anatomy appears to be more important than egg mass geometry in determining clutch size uniformity. In addition, our analysis demonstrates that groups of animals with little variation in ovariole number may nonetheless lay a broad range of clutch shapes and sizes.
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Stahl JM, Daane KM. Reproductive biology of overwintering leaffooted bug Leptoglossus zonatus (Hemiptera: Coreidae) in California. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:1261-1267. [PMID: 37229556 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) is a polyphagous insect pest attacking a wide variety of crops. In California's Central Valley, it is now the dominant leaffooted bug on almonds, pistachios, and pomegranates. Leptoglossus zonatus pest status depends largely on overwintering adult survival and reproductive potential, which determines its population size in spring and early summer when nut crops are particularly susceptible to bug damage. Here, we investigated the overwintering reproductive biology of L. zonatus in laboratory and field experiments to gain information about its ovary development, time of mating, and the impact of low temperatures on egg hatch. With dissections of laboratory-reared L. zonatus, we established a baseline for ovarian development and determined that the size of the spermathecal reservoir is larger in mated than in unmated females. Dissections and behavioral experiments of field-collected material provided evidence of mating events before dispersal from overwintering sites. Laboratory trials showed that temperature significantly impacted L. zonatus egg hatch. Leptoglossus zonatus reproductive biology presented provides valuable information on its population dynamics and dispersal from overwintering sites, and will contribute to the development of monitoring and management tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M Stahl
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
| | - Kent M Daane
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
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Roselli G, Anfora G, Suckling DM, Mazzoni V, Vanoni V, Menegotti L, Fellin L, Rossi Stacconi MV, Ioriatti C, Cristofaro M. Effects of Irradiation on Biology and Mating Behaviour of Wild Males of Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Using a 6 MV Medical Linear Accelerator. INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14050460. [PMID: 37233089 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, is a pentatomid bug of Eastern Asian origin that became an economically relevant pest in the Eurasian and American continents. Management of this species is limited to use of chemical insecticides: an inefficient method due to the strong adaptability of the target pest. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is potentially a valid tactic in the search for nontoxic alternatives. In this work, we investigated the suitability of mass-trapped overwintering males, collected during the aggregation phase before the winter diapause, for their release as competitive sterile males in an SIT programme. Differently from previous studies, irradiation was applied with a linear accelerator device that produced high-energy photons. Following a similar scientific protocol with newly emerged irradiated males, the effects of X-ray irradiation on physiological parameters (longevity, fecundity and fertility) were assessed. In addition, behavioural bioassays were carried out in no-choice conditions to evaluate if irradiation interferes with mating processes. The results are very encouraging; the effects of the irradiation at 32 Gy did not differ from the controls in the longevity or fecundity of the exposed overwintering adults. The hatching rate of the eggs laid by the fertile females that had mated with the irradiated males was less than 5%. The results of behavioural bioassays showed that the irradiation did not cause a significant impact on the quality of the sterile males. More research is warranted to evaluate the mating competitiveness of sterile males in semi-field and field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Roselli
- Center Agriculture, Food and Environment (C3A), University of Trento, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Biotechnology and Biological Control Agency (BBCA Onlus), 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Anfora
- Center Agriculture, Food and Environment (C3A), University of Trento, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - David Maxwell Suckling
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Formerly The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- Formerly School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1072, New Zealand
| | - Valerio Mazzoni
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | | | - Loris Menegotti
- Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fellin
- Center Agriculture, Food and Environment (C3A), University of Trento, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Ioriatti
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Massimo Cristofaro
- Biotechnology and Biological Control Agency (BBCA Onlus), 00123 Rome, Italy
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Yao Q, Quan L, Wang S, Xing D, Chen B, Lu K. Predatory stink bug, Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff) responses to oral exposure route of λ-cyhalothrin via sex-specific modulation manner. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:105381. [PMID: 37105612 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of insecticides on predatory arthropods have closely related to their exposure routes. However, little is known about the effects of insecticide on reproductive parameters when the route of exposure occurs at a trophic level via prey intake. We therefore conducted current studies assessing whether Eocanthecona furcellata adults would be affected by feeding with λ-cyhalothrin-contaminated prey. Reproductive parameters, i.e. prolonged premating and preoviposition durations, reduced number of egg batches and egg amount, disturbed ovarian development, and suppressed expression of reproductive related genes were observed in E. furcellata females by feeding with treated prey. Moreover, reduced survival rate and altered carbohydrate metabolism parameters were detected in male bugs. Biochemical parameters, including MDA content, the activities of three antioxidant enzymes and three detoxification enzymes exhibited sex-specific responses after oral-exposure to λ-cyhalothrin in E. furcellata. The results indicate that the insecticide affects the fitness and leads to impairing reproductive potential via sex-specific modulation manner in predator insects. Taken together, our results provide a comprehensive assessment about detrimental impacts of λ-cyhalothrin-exposure on predators via prey intake, as well as a solid basis for further research to protect the predators from hazardous impacts of insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Yao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Linfa Quan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Siwei Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dongxu Xing
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Bingxu Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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6
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Reznik SY, Dolgovskaya MY, Karpun NN, Zakharchenko VY, Saulich AK, Musolin DL. The Invasive Caucasian Populations of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) Rapidly Adapt Their Ecophysiological Traits to the Local Environmental Conditions. INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14050424. [PMID: 37233052 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The ability to rapidly adapt to new environmental conditions is a crucial prerequisite for the wide-scale invasion of pests or intentional introduction of beneficial insects. A photoperiodically induced facultative winter diapause is an important adaptation ensuring synchronization of insect development and reproduction with the local seasonal dynamics of environmental factors. We conducted a laboratory study aimed to compare photoperiodic responses of two invasive Caucasian populations of the brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), which recently invaded neighboring regions with subtropical (Sukhum, Abkhazia) and temperate (Abinsk, Russia) climates. Under the temperature of 25 °C and the near-critical photoperiods of L:D = 15:9 h and 15.5:8.5 h, the population from Abinsk showed a slower pre-adult development and a stronger tendency to enter winter adult (reproductive) diapause compared to the population from Sukhum. This finding agreed with the difference between the local dynamics of the autumnal temperature decrease. Similar adaptive interpopulation differences in the patterns of diapause-inducing responses are known in other insect species but our finding is distinguished by a very short adaptation time: H. halys was first recorded in Sukhum in 2015 and in Abinsk in 2018. Thus, the differences between the compared populations might have evolved over a relatively short span of several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Ya Reznik
- Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Nab. 1, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Margarita Yu Dolgovskaya
- Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Nab. 1, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia N Karpun
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yana Fabritsiusa Str. 2/28, 354002 Sochi, Russia
- Department of Forest Protection, Wood Science and Game Management, St. Petersburg State Forest Technical University, Institutskiy Per. 5, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vilena Ye Zakharchenko
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yana Fabritsiusa Str. 2/28, 354002 Sochi, Russia
| | - Aida Kh Saulich
- Department of Entomology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7-9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitrii L Musolin
- European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization, 21 Boulevard Richard Lenoir, 75011 Paris, France
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Formella A, McIntyre K, Kuhar TP. Effect of Vegetable Host Plant Type on Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Nymphal Development. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:2105-2109. [PMID: 36222551 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), is an invasive pest introduced to North America in the mid-1990's that has caused economic losses to a wide range of commodities. In vegetables, H. halys feeding damage has been well described, but the effect of different vegetable hosts on H. halys fitness is less understood. We caged 2nd instar H. halys on different vegetable hosts (e.g., tomato, sweet corn, eggplant, bell pepper, and snap bean) and monitored their development until adulthood to compare the effects of vegetable host type on H. halys nymph survival and development time. Experiments were replicated nine times over a two-year period. Survival of 2nd instars from F1 generation (early-season) eggs was low (<30%) on all vegetables resulting in no significant treatment effect. However, H. halys nymphs collected from F2 generation (late-season) eggs had higher survivorship on all vegetables except tomato. The percentage of H. halys 2nd instars that reached adulthood was greatest on corn (53%) and pepper (45%), followed by snap bean (24%), and significantly lower on eggplant (9%) and tomato (2%). Total development time from 2nd instar to adult was fastest on corn and slowest on peppers, although tomatoes were not tested due to the low survival. Trends in development rate were not seasonally-dependent. Our study compares H. halys survivability on several vegetable commodities, and provides insights into H. halys developmental success and dependence on various host plants over the season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Formella
- North Carolina Cooperative Extension, Currituck County Center, 120 Community Way, Barco, NC 27917, USA
| | - Kelly McIntyre
- Department of Entomology, Price Hall, Room 216A, Virginia Tech, 170 Drillfield Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Thomas P Kuhar
- Department of Entomology, Price Hall, Room 216A, Virginia Tech, 170 Drillfield Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Koutsogeorgiou EI, Kouloussis NA, Koveos DS, Andreadis SS. Females of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Experience a Facultative Reproductive Diapause in Northern Greece. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13100866. [PMID: 36292814 PMCID: PMC9604199 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a native pest of East Asia that overwinters as an adult in natural and human-made structures. Adult emergence from overwintering sites starts in spring, whereas females produce offspring in early summer on host plants, where most feeding occurs. In this study, we investigated the reproductive physiology of overwintering females of H. halys in Northern Greece, by determining the duration of the preoviposition period and fecundity of individuals that were left to overwinter in natural conditions and were subsequently transferred to chambers with standard conditions monthly, from December 2020 to March 2021. According to our results, overwintering H. halys females do not initiate egg laying once they emerge from overwintering sites, but rather need some additional time to exit diapause and mature reproductively. The mean preoviposition period of overwintering females that were transferred from their overwintering sites to the chambers in December 2020 was 29.0 days, which was significantly longer by 8.3 days than that of females that overwintered until March 2021, and by 13.2 days than the control (26 °C, 60% RH and a 16:8 h light: dark photoperiod). No significant difference among the average number of eggs per egg mass laid by overwintering individuals brought in the chambers in different time intervals and the laboratory colony was observed. However, females that were left to overwinter until March laid a significantly higher number of eggs in total, compared to the ones whose overwintering was disrupted in February. Based on our findings, overwintering females of H. halys experience a facultative reproductive diapause in Northern Greece. Our study was the first to determine the occurrence of diapause of H. halys in N. Greece and our findings could be very valuable for assessing the damage of this pest to early-season crops and designing successful management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni I. Koutsogeorgiou
- Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DEMETER”, 57001 Thermi, Greece
| | - Nikos A. Kouloussis
- Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios S. Koveos
- Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefanos S. Andreadis
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DEMETER”, 57001 Thermi, Greece
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To Every Thing There Is a Season: Phenology and Photoperiodic Control of Seasonal Development in the Invasive Caucasian Population of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070580. [PMID: 35886756 PMCID: PMC9323183 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the phenology of local populations of invasive insects are necessary for monitoring and predicting their dispersion. We investigated the phenology of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, in the Sochi region (Krasnodar Territory, Russia) from 2018 to 2021 by regular field sampling and dissecting. The results of the sampling suggest that H. halys is at least partially bivoltine in the studied region: the main period of mass oviposition (by the overwintered females) occurs from June to July; the second, much shorter period of egg-laying (by females of the new, i.e., the first generation) occurs in August. Reproductively active individuals (i.e., females with developed ovaries and filled spermatheca and males with filled ectodermal sac) were recorded from the end of May to the beginning of September. Such a seasonal pattern correlated with day length: when the natural photoperiod decreased below the experimentally determined critical day length (15.0−15.5 h), the proportions of females with fully developed ovaries sharply dropped to zero. Both the rate of H. halys pre-adult development and the timing of the induction of winter adult diapause observed under natural conditions fully agreed with the earlier predictions that had been based on the results of laboratory experiments.
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Musolin DL, Dolgovskaya MY, Zakharchenko VY, Karpun NN, Haye T, Saulich AK, Reznik SY. Flying over Eurasia: Geographic Variation of Photoperiodic Control of Nymphal Development and Adult Diapause Induction in Native and Invasive Populations of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13060522. [PMID: 35735859 PMCID: PMC9225459 DOI: 10.3390/insects13060522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The brown marmorated stink bug is an invasive true bug that originates in eastern Asia and is considered now one of the most harmful invasive insect pests in North America and Europe. Similar to the many species that produce more than one generation per year, this bug responds to day length: under short-day conditions (which predict the approaching of autumn), adults form a special overwintering (diapause) physiological state, whereas, under long-day conditions (typical for summer), they reproduce. Critical day length is the condition that induces diapause in 50% of adults. This critical day length is usually strongly correlated with the latitude of the population origin. In this study, we compared the critical day lengths of one native (Andong, South Korea) and three invasive (Torino, Italy; Basel, Switzerland; and Sochi, Russia) populations. The critical day lengths of both sexes fell between 14.5 and 15.0 h in the Korean population, and between 15.0 and 15.5 h in the three European populations. The results demonstrate that microevolution was possibly ‘too slow to keep up’ with the rapid spread of the invader across Eurasia. It is expected that in the near future, the critical day length of invasive H. halys populations will gradually change to adapt better to the local conditions. Abstract Facultative winter adult diapause in Halyomorpha halys is regulated by a long-day photoperiodic response. Day length also influences nymphal development, which slows down at the critical (near-threshold) day lengths. We compared the photoperiodic responses of one native (Andong, South Korea) and three invasive (Torino, Italy; Basel, Switzerland; and Sochi, Russia) populations in a laboratory common-garden experiment. Nymphs developed and emerging adults were reared at 24 °C in a range of photoperiods with day lengths of 14.0, 14.5, 15.0, 15.5, and 16.0 h. The critical day lengths of the photoperiodic responses of both sexes fell between 14.5 and 15.0 h in the native Korean population and between 15.0 and 15.5 h in three invasive European populations. The differences between the three invasive populations were not significant, despite their distant origins. Moreover, the difference between the Korean and European populations was much smaller than was expected. The microevolution was possibly ‘too slow to keep up’ with the rapid spread of the invader across Eurasia. It is expected that soon the critical day length of the invasive H. halys populations will gradually change to adapt better to local conditions. At present, the critical day length for diapause induction of 15 h 15 min can be used to model the phenology, further spread, and response to climate change for all European populations of the pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry L. Musolin
- Department of Forest Protection, Wood Science and Game Management, Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University, Institutskiy Per. 5, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Margarita Yu. Dolgovskaya
- Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Nab. 1, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.Y.D.); (S.Y.R.)
| | - Vilena Ye. Zakharchenko
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yana Fabritsiusa Str. 2/28, 354002 Sochi, Russia;
| | - Natalia N. Karpun
- Department of Forest Protection, Wood Science and Game Management, Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University, Institutskiy Per. 5, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yana Fabritsiusa Str. 2/28, 354002 Sochi, Russia;
| | - Tim Haye
- CABI, Rue des Grillons 1, 2800 Delemont, Switzerland;
| | - Aida Kh. Saulich
- Department of Entomology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7–9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Sergey Ya. Reznik
- Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Nab. 1, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (M.Y.D.); (S.Y.R.)
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Nixon LJ, Jones SK, Tang L, Urban J, Felton K, Leskey TC. Survivorship and Development of the Invasive Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) on Wild and Cultivated Temperate Host Plants. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:222-228. [PMID: 34864970 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvab137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The invasive spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula, (White Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) continues to spread throughout the Eastern United States. This species exhibits a broad host range, with tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, commonly referred to as the preferred host. Here, we evaluated 2-wk survivorship of early nymphal instars, late nymphal instars, and adult L. delicatula on single diets of ten wild and cultivated hosts: tree of heaven; apple, Malus domestica; peach, Prunus persica; black cherry, P. serotina Ehrh; black locust, Robinia pseudoacacia L.; black walnut, Juglans nigra L.; common hackberry Celtis occidentalis L.; mulberry Morus alba L.; sugar maple Acer saccharum Marshall; white oak, Quercus alba L.. Among them, early and late instars had significantly greater survivorship on tree of heaven and black walnut and adults had greatest survivorship on tree of heaven. Additionally, we evaluated development and survivorship of L. delicatula from newly hatched nymphs to adulthood on single diets of tree of heaven, black walnut, grapevine, apple, and peach, and mixed diets of tree of heaven plus one other host. Single host diets that supported L. delicatula development to adulthood were tree of heaven and black walnut. Interestingly, mixed diets also supported development, and reduced development time to adults by up to 12% compared with the single tree of heaven diet. Our results suggest that within agroecosystems and across landscapes, L. delicatula can develop on single hosts such as tree of heaven, but also on multiple host plants, yielding adults earlier in the growing season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Nixon
- USDA - ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, USA
| | - Sharon K Jones
- USDA - ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, USA
| | - Lisa Tang
- USDA - ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, USA
| | - Julie Urban
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Karen Felton
- US Forest Service, Northeast Area, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Tracy C Leskey
- USDA - ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, USA
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12
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McDougall RN, Ogburn EC, Walgenbach JF, Nielsen AL. Diapause Termination in Invasive Populations of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Response to Photoperiod. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:1400-1406. [PMID: 34458900 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvab089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding cues for diapause termination in insects can be valuable in predicting phenological events in their lifecycles. Once identified, such cues can be utilized as a biofix, the point at which the majority of individuals within a population begin to accumulate degree days. We investigated the impact of photoperiod on completion of reproductive diapause in the invasive eastern North American population of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), by exposing diapausing females to varying light regimes in otherwise identical environments. The critical photoperiod estimated to initiate reproductive development in at least 50% of the potential reproductive population was 13.0-13.5 h, with increasing photoperiods coinciding with increased probability of females reproducing, earlier time to first oviposition, and higher rates of fecundity. These data on the species' response to photoperiod are in agreement with previous modeling that predicted the twin constraints of photoperiod and temperature on H. halys reproduction prevents populations that undergo diapause from producing more than two generations annually anywhere within the continental U.S. However, the facultative nature of diapause in H. halys leaves open the possibility that sub-populations may not enter diapause in some conditions, potentially allowing for additional annual generations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily C Ogburn
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Mills River, NC, USA
| | - James F Walgenbach
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Mills River, NC, USA
| | - Anne L Nielsen
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, Bridgeton, NJ, USA
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13
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Abrams AE, Alvarez A, Rodriguez MS, Kron CR, Bellamy DE, Walse SS. Greenhouse Rearing Methods for Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Live Cowpea Plants. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:2297-2306. [PMID: 34751374 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a pest of concern that must be controlled for market access of host material and regulated articles to certain countries. This work outlines a rearing system for BMSB on live cowpea plants, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Fabales: Fabaceae), including methods to induce adults to both enter and exit diapause. This scalable system affords continuous access to >600 specimens per week of each life stage and/or age group, which is particularly advantageous when developing treatment efficacy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaine E Abrams
- University of California at Davis, Horticulture and Agronomy Graduate Group, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alfredo Alvarez
- University of California at Davis, Department of Plant Sciences, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Matthew S Rodriguez
- University of California at Davis, Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry Graduate Group, 4117 Meyer Hall, Davis CA, USA
| | - Cindy R Kron
- Cooperative Extension, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, 133 Aviation Blvd., Suite 109, Santa Rosa CA, USA
| | - Dave E Bellamy
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Old Mill Road, RD3, Motueka, New Zealand
| | - Spencer S Walse
- University of California at Davis, Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry Graduate Group, 4117 Meyer Hall, Davis CA, USA
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier CA, USA
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14
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Simaz O, Szűcs M. Heat waves affect an invasive herbivore and its parasitoid differentially with impacts beyond the first generation. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Simaz
- Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Marianna Szűcs
- Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
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15
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Aita RC, Kees AM, Aukema BH, Hutchison WD, Koch RL. Effects of Starvation, Age, and Mating Status on Flight Capacity of Laboratory-Reared Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:532-540. [PMID: 33822022 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is an invasive species to North America and has spread throughout most of the territory. Understanding flight in H. halys is crucial to understanding the dispersal capacity and developing forecasting models for this pest. The purpose of this research was to assess the effects of starvation, age, mating status, sex, and preflight weight on flight parameters of laboratory-reared H. halys using computer-monitored flight mills. The mean flight distance observed over a 24-h period was 266 m and the maximum distance was 7.3 km. Overall, the flight capacity of males and females was similar, even though females weighed more than males. The proportion of H. halys that initiated flight was not affected by starvation, age, or mating status. The number of bouts of individual flights and velocity significantly increased with longer durations of starvation. The number of bouts significantly decreased with increasing age. The total distance flew and total flight time was not affected by starvation, age, or mating status. Although some statistical differences were seen across the experiments, these differences likely represent minimal ecological significance. Therefore, these results suggest that H. halys are remarkably resilient, which may contribute to their success as an invasive species. The findings of this study could help better predict the dispersal potential of H. halys in Minnesota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Carlesso Aita
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Aubree M Kees
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Brian H Aukema
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - W D Hutchison
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Robert L Koch
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
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16
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Ciancio JJ, Turnbull KF, Gariepy TD, Sinclair BJ. Cold tolerance, water balance, energetics, gas exchange, and diapause in overwintering brown marmorated stink bugs. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 128:104171. [PMID: 33227277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2020.104171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an emerging pest which established in Ontario, Canada, in 2012. Halyomporpha halys overwinters in anthropogenic structures as an adult. We investigated seasonal variation in the cold tolerance, water balance, and energetics of H. halys in southwestern Ontario. We also induced diapause in laboratory-reared animals with short daylength at permissive temperatures and compared cold tolerance, water balance, energetics, and metabolism and gas exchange between diapausing and non-diapausing individuals. Halyomorpha halys that overwintered outside in Ontario all died, but most of those that overwintered in sheltered habitats survived. We confirm that overwintering H. halys are chill-susceptible. Over winter, Ontario H. halys depressed their supercooling point to c. -15.4 °C, and 50% survived a 1 h exposure to -17.5 °C. They reduce water loss rates over winter, and do not appear to significantly consume lipid or carbohydrate reserves to a level that might cause starvation. Overall, it appears that H. halys is dependent on built structures and other buffered microhabitats to successfully overwinter in Ontario. Laboratory-reared diapausing H. halys have lower supercooling points than their non-diapausing counterparts, but LT50 is not enhanced by diapause induction. Diapausing H. halys survive desiccating conditions for 3-4 times longer than those not in diapause, through decreases in both respiratory and cuticular water loss. Diapausing H. halys do not appear to accumulate any more lipid or carbohydrate than those not in diapause, but do have lower metabolic rates, and are slightly more likely to exhibit discontinuous gas exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Ciancio
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kurtis F Turnbull
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tara D Gariepy
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brent J Sinclair
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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17
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Bedoya CL, Brockerhoff EG, Hayes M, Leskey TC, Morrison WR, Rice KB, Nelson XJ. Brown marmorated stink bug overwintering aggregations are not regulated through vibrational signals during autumn dispersal. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:201371. [PMID: 33391809 PMCID: PMC7735358 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), is regarded as one of the world's most pernicious invasive pest species, as it feeds on a wide range of economically important crops. During the autumn dispersal period, H. halys ultimately moves to potential overwintering sites, such as human-made structures or trees where it will alight and seek out a final overwintering location, often aggregating with other adults. The cues used during this process are unknown, but may involve vibrational signals. We evaluated whether vibrational signals regulate cluster aggregation in H. halys in overwintering site selection. We collected acoustic data for six weeks during the autumn dispersal period and used it to quantify movement and detect vibrational communication of individuals colonizing overwintering shelters. Both movement and vibrational signal production increased after the second week, reaching their maxima in week four, before decaying again. We found that only males produced vibrations in this context, yet there was no correlation between movement and vibrational signals, which was confirmed through playback experiments. The cues regulating the formation of aggregations remain largely unknown, but vibrations may indicate group size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol L. Bedoya
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Eckehard G. Brockerhoff
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute), Christchurch, New Zealand
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hayes
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Tracy C. Leskey
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, USA
| | - William R. Morrison
- USDA-ARS, Center for Animal Health and Grain Research, 1515 College Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Kevin B. Rice
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, 1-33 Agriculture Building, Columbia MO 65211, USA
| | - Ximena J. Nelson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
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18
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Baena ML, Crespo CH, Carrillo MS, Escobar F. Spatiotemporal variation in Lepidochelys olivacea sea turtle nests and their influence on the abundance and reproductive phenology of the sapro-necrophagous beetle Omorgus suberosus. Naturwissenschaften 2020; 107:47. [PMID: 33017032 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-020-01704-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The olive ridley sea turtle, Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz, 1829), nests en masse in the protected natural area of La Escobilla, Mexico. On this beach, Omorgus suberosus (Fabricius, 1775), a sapro-necrophagous beetle, feeds on the sea turtles' decomposing and live eggs and is considered to be a threat for the conservation of L. olivacea. However, the abundance and reproductive phenology of O. suberosus in relation to the spatial and temporal availability of this food resource are unknown. We tested two alternative hypotheses during the 2013-2014 nesting season of L. olivacea: (i) abundance and female reproductive phenology of beetles are determined by the spatial and temporal availability of decomposing eggs that accumulate during the turtle nesting season, and (ii) abundance and female reproductive phenology of beetles are related to the increase in the concentration of seasonal and/or new turtle nests. Twenty-four plots (1 m2) were sampled in three areas with different turtle nesting densities. Spatially, beetle abundance was greater where turtle nest density was high and decomposed eggs were abundant. At the temporal level, old nests (> 45 days after egg deposition) were abundant and the presence of seasonal and new nests (~ 45 or fewer days after egg deposition) appeared to trigger sexual maturation in female beetles. Immature female beetles were more abundant throughout the turtles' nesting season, and mature females were only abundant during the turtle arribadas with the highest number of seasonal nests. We conclude that abundance and female reproductive phenology of O. suberosus females are influenced by the quantity and quality of the resource. These findings are useful to understand the interaction of L. olivacea with other species and to strengthen the conservation plans of this turtle species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha L Baena
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n Col. Industrial Ánimas, C.P., 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Carmen Huerta Crespo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología, A. C., carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, Col. El Haya, 91073, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Marcela Sánchez Carrillo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología, A. C., carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, Col. El Haya, 91073, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Federico Escobar
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología, A. C., carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, Col. El Haya, 91073, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
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19
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Lethal and sub-lethal effects of low-temperature exposures on Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) adults before and after overwintering. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15231. [PMID: 32943688 PMCID: PMC7498604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold winter temperatures can influence insects’ survival in temperate zones. Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) overwinters as adults in natural and human-made structures. In this study, we characterized low temperature mortality rates of H. halys adults that were either entering (ENA) or exiting (EXA) overwintering microhabitats. We considered the effect of different duration of cold exposure on mortality. We determined the impact of insect nutritional status and weight on cold tolerance. We additionally evaluated the effects of cold exposure on H. halys adult longevity and fecundity. Mortality of ENA and EXA adults was determined for 6 h and 2 h periods at − 2.5 °C and 2.5 °C respectively. EXA adults displayed higher mortality rates compared to ENA individuals at the low-temperature regimes. Halyomorpha halys adult survival rate was higher when their nutrient index (EXA individuals only) and weight were high. Low-temperature exposure increased longevity, but reduced fecundity of ENA females. The data further highlight how extreme spring frost events can result in significantly increased mortality levels of H. halys adults.
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Akotsen-Mensah C, Blaauw B, Short B, Leskey TC, Bergh JC, Polk D, Nielsen AL. Using IPM-CPR as a Management Program for Apple Orchards. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:1894-1902. [PMID: 32447399 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated how management of key orchard pests including the insect invasive species Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) can be accomplished using a systems-level approach termed IPM-CPR (Integrated Pest Management-Crop Perimeter Restructuring) in apple. We conducted on-farm comparisons of IPM-CPR to standard management program for managing H. halys, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and Lygus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois (Hemiptera: Miridae) in commercial apple orchards in 2014, 2016, and 2017 in New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia. The presence and abundance of key pests and fruit injury at harvest were used as a measure of success of the program. We compared the amount of insecticide applied for each management program. In majority of instances, there were no differences in the IPM-CPR and the standard management program in terms of H. halys numbers in baited pyramid traps and stink bug injury at harvest. Damage from C. pomonella and G. molesta in the IPM-CPR treatment was significantly lower than the standard management program in 2014 and 2017. Amount of active ingredient used was on average 62.1% lower in the IPM-CPR treatment compared with standard management program. Despite a reduction in insecticide use, there were minimal impacts on beneficial insects. Overall, IPM-CPR in apples successfully managed key orchard pests, including H. halys, and used significantly less insecticide than a standard insecticide-based management program and could be adopted as a systems-level approach for pest population reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Akotsen-Mensah
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, Bridgeton, NJ
- Cooperative Extension and Research, Lincoln University, Jefferson City, MO
| | - B Blaauw
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - B Short
- AFRS, USDA-ARS, Kearneysville, WV
| | | | - J C Bergh
- Virginia Tech, AHS AREC, Winchester, VA
| | - D Polk
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, Bridgeton, NJ
| | - A L Nielsen
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, Bridgeton, NJ
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21
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Holder PW, Van Hale RJ, Frew R, George S, Armstrong KF. Natal origin of the invasive biosecurity pest, brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys: Penatomidae), determined by dual-element stable isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1456-1463. [PMID: 31659828 PMCID: PMC7065004 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-border detection of a single brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB) in New Zealand warranted a biosecurity response, the nature of which would be influenced by its status as part of an established population or as a new arrival. Stable isotope analysis has the potential to determine natal origins, but is difficult to achieve for samples as small as a single insect. Here an analytical modification to measure small samples was successfully trialled as a means to supply evidence as to the local or exotic natal origin of the intercepted BMSB specimen. RESULTS Sufficient analytical sensitivity was achieved using a modified isotope ratio mass spectrometry method, involving thermolysis and carbon monoxide cryofocusing, to enable the simultaneous analysis of δ2 H and δ18 O from wings of the post-border BMSB sample. The values were much lower than those of the New Zealand green vegetable bug, used as a local reference. However, they fell within the range of those for BMSB of Northern Hemisphere origin intercepted at the New Zealand border over the same time period, specifically overlapping with the USA and Italy, but not China. CONCLUSION The isotope signature of the post-border detected BMSB suggested a significantly cooler climate than the North Island of New Zealand, indicating that it was a new arrival and did not represent an established population. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Holder
- Bio‐Protection Research CentreLincoln UniversityChristchurchNew Zealand
| | | | - Russell Frew
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Sherly George
- Plant Health & Environment LaboratoryMinistry for Primary IndustriesAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Karen F Armstrong
- Bio‐Protection Research CentreLincoln UniversityChristchurchNew Zealand
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22
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Scaccini D, Duso C, Pozzebon A. Lethal Effects of High Temperatures on Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Adults before and after Overwintering. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10100355. [PMID: 31635352 PMCID: PMC6835233 DOI: 10.3390/insects10100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, is causing economic and ecological damage in invaded areas. Its overwintering behavior warrants mitigation practices in warehouses and shipping operations. The aim of this study was to characterize the mortality response curves of H. halys adults to short high-temperature exposure. Here we compared field-collected individuals entering (ENA) and exiting diapause (EXA). EXA adults displayed increased susceptibility to high temperatures compared to ENA individuals. Complete mortality of all tested individuals was obtained after 10 min exposure at 50.0 °C, and after 15 (EXA) or 20 min (ENA) at 47.5 °C. The nutritional status of these insects had no effect on high-temperature tolerance. The mortality curves obtained here may be used for the definition of cost-effective heat treatments aimed at the H. halys control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Scaccini
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - Carlo Duso
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - Alberto Pozzebon
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
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23
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Skillman VP, Wiman NG, Lee JC. Monitoring Nutrient Status of Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Adults and Nymphs on Summer Holly. INSECTS 2018; 9:insects9030120. [PMID: 30227595 PMCID: PMC6164943 DOI: 10.3390/insects9030120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Halyomorpha halys (Stål), or brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), has become a major pest and nuisance for both agricultural growers and homeowners since its arrival in North America and Europe. The nutritional ecology of BMSB is important for understanding its life history and rearing requirements. However, little is known about the nutritional status of wild populations, especially in the U.S. This research monitored the nutrient status of nymphal and adult BMSB collected from English holly in western Oregon. We measured their weight, nutrient index (weight/(prothorax × width)3), lipid, glycogen and sugar levels and egg load from May–September/October. First, glycogen and sugar levels of adults were often lowest sometime in June-August with a general increase by September. Meanwhile, their lipid levels varied without a discernible trend. Second, adult females had few eggs in May, with the highest egg load in June and July, and no eggs by September. Lastly, first and second nymphal instars were found in June, and fourth and fifth instars in September. Because nothing is known about the nutrient levels of nymphs, the reported values from this survey can assist future research on physiological responses of BMSB to treatments or environmental impacts in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria P Skillman
- OSU Extension Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hermiston Agricultural Research & Extension Center, 2121 S. 1st Street, Hermiston, OR 97838, USA.
| | - Nik G Wiman
- OSU Department of Horticulture, 4109 Agriculture & Life Science Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Jana C Lee
- USDA ARS Horticultural Crop Research Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA.
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Coupling Traditional Monitoring and Citizen Science to Disentangle the Invasion of Halyomorpha halys. ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/ijgi7050171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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25
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Ingels CA, Daane KM. Phenology of Brown Marmorated Stink Bug in a California Urban Landscape. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:780-786. [PMID: 29390121 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is an invasive pest that has been resident in California since 2006. To better understand its seasonal phenology, we used baited traps to estimate nymph and adult population densities in midtown Sacramento, the focal area of the Northern California invasion. Adult H. halys populations were found soon after trapping began in February (2015-2016) or March (2014); the first egg masses for 2014, 2015, and 2016 were found on 5 May, 17 April, and 12 April, respectively, and the first nymphs were found 3 June, 19 May, and 9 May, respectively. There were two generations per year, with one peak in June and another in September. Summer temperatures above 36°C in July and August were associated with reduced catches in traps of both nymphs and adults. This extreme heat may have helped to form two clear nymph peaks and suppressed egg deposition. In 2016, two trap types and four lures were also compared. Trap type influenced season-long nymph captures, with fewer nymphs in double cone traps than pyramid traps. Lure type influenced season-long trap catch, with more nymphs and adults trapped with the Rescue lure than the AgBio Combo lure, Alpha Scents, or Trécé Pherocon Combo lures, although this difference was only associated with the capture of nymphs and we did not compare for longevity or seasonal variation. These data are discussed with respect to H. halys' phenology from the mid-Atlantic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuck A Ingels
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Sacramento County, Sacramento, CA
| | - Kent M Daane
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA
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Nixon LJ, Morrison WR, Rice KB, Brockerhoff EG, Leskey TC, Guzman F, Khrimian A, Goldson S, Rostás M. Identification of volatiles released by diapausing brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191223. [PMID: 29342183 PMCID: PMC5771586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, is an agricultural and urban pest that has become widely established as an invasive species of major concern in the USA and across Europe. This species forms large aggregations when entering diapause, and it is often these aggregations that are found by officials conducting inspections of internationally shipped freight. Identifying the presence of diapausing aggregations of H. halys using their emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may be a potential means for detecting and intercepting them during international freight inspections. Headspace samples were collected from aggregations of diapausing H. halys using volatile collection traps (VCTs) and solid phase microextraction. The only compound detected in all samples was tridecane, with small amounts of (E)-2-decenal found in most samples. We also monitored the release of defensive odors, following mechanical agitation of diapausing and diapause-disrupted adult H. halys. Diapausing groups were significantly more likely to release defensive odors than diapause-disrupted groups. The predominant compounds consistently found from both groups were tridecane, (E)-2-decenal, and 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal, with a small abundance of dodecane. Our findings show that diapausing H. halys do release defensive compounds, and suggest that volatile sampling may be feasible to detect H. halys in freight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Nixon
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand.,Better Border Biosecurity Collaboration, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - William R Morrison
- USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health, Manhattan, KS, United States of America.,USDA Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, United States of America
| | - Kevin B Rice
- USDA Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, United States of America
| | - Eckehard G Brockerhoff
- Better Border Biosecurity Collaboration, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute), Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Tracy C Leskey
- USDA Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, United States of America
| | - Filadelfo Guzman
- USDA-ARS, NEA, IIBBL, 10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Ashot Khrimian
- USDA-ARS, NEA, IIBBL, 10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Stephen Goldson
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand.,AgResearch Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Michael Rostás
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand
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Leskey TC, Nielsen AL. Impact of the Invasive Brown Marmorated Stink Bug in North America and Europe: History, Biology, Ecology, and Management. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 63:599-618. [PMID: 29068708 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Stål), is an invasive pentatomid introduced from Asia into the United States, Canada, multiple European countries, and Chile. In 2010, BMSB populations in the mid-Atlantic United States reached outbreak levels and subsequent feeding severely damaged tree fruit as well as other crops. Significant nuisance issues from adults overwintering inside homes were common. BMSB is a highly polyphagous species with a strong dispersal capacity and high reproductive output, potentially enabling its spread and success in invaded regions. A greater understanding of BMSB biology and ecology and its natural enemies, the identification of the male-produced aggregation pheromone, and the recognition that BMSB disperses into crops from adjacent wooded habitats have led to the development of behavior-based integrated pest management (IPM) tactics. Much is still unknown about BMSB, and continued long-term collaborative studies are necessary to refine crop-specific IPM programs and enhance biological control across invaded landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy C Leskey
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, West Virginia 25430, USA;
| | - Anne L Nielsen
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, Bridgeton, New Jersey 08302, USA;
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28
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Nielsen AL, Fleischer S, Hamilton GC, Hancock T, Krawczyk G, Lee JC, Ogburn E, Pote JM, Raudenbush A, Rucker A, Saunders M, Skillman VP, Sullivan J, Timer J, Walgenbach J, Wiman NG, Leskey TC. Phenology of brown marmorated stink bug described using female reproductive development. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:6680-6690. [PMID: 28904750 PMCID: PMC5587477 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature-based degree-day models describe insect seasonality and to predict key phenological events. We expand on the use of a temperature-based process defining timing of reproduction through the incorporation of female reproductive physiology for the invasive pentatomid species Halyomorpha halys, the brown marmorated stink bug. A five-stage ranking system based on ovary development was able to distinguish between the reproductive statuses of field-collected females. Application of this ranking method described aspects of H. halys' seasonality, overwintering biology, and phenology across geographic locations. Female H. halys were collected in the US from NJ, WV, NC, OR, and two sites in PA in 2006-2008 (Allentown, PA only) and 2012-2014. Results identify that H. halys enters reproductive diapause in temperate locations in the fall and that a delay occurs in developmental maturity after diapause termination in the spring. Modification of the Snyder method to identify biofix determined 12.7-hr photoperiod as the best fit to define initiation of reproduction in the spring. Applying the biofix, we demonstrated significant differences between locations for the rate at which the overwintering generation transition into reproductive status and the factors contributing to this difference require further study. For example, after including abiotic variables influencing development such as temperature and photoperiod (critical diapause cue), reproduction occurred earlier in OR and for an extended period in NJ. This data describe a method to investigate insect seasonality by incorporating physiological development across multiple regions that can clarify phenology for insects with overlapping generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L. Nielsen
- Department of EntomologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Shelby Fleischer
- Department of EntomologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | | | - Tori Hancock
- USDA ARS Appalachian Fruit Research StationKearneysvilleWVUSA
| | - Gregorz Krawczyk
- Department of EntomologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Jana C. Lee
- USDA ARS Horticultural Crops Research UnitCorvallisORUSA
| | - Emily Ogburn
- Mountain Horticultural Crops Research and Extension CenterNorth Carolina State UniversityMills RiverNCUSA
| | - John M. Pote
- Department of EntomologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | | | - Ann Rucker
- Department of EntomologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Michael Saunders
- Department of EntomologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Victoria P. Skillman
- USDA ARS Horticultural Crops Research UnitCorvallisORUSA
- Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | | | - Jody Timer
- Department of EntomologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - James Walgenbach
- Mountain Horticultural Crops Research and Extension CenterNorth Carolina State UniversityMills RiverNCUSA
| | | | - Tracy C. Leskey
- USDA ARS Appalachian Fruit Research StationKearneysvilleWVUSA
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