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Rolls RJ, Deane DC, Johnson SE, Heino J, Anderson MJ, Ellingsen KE. Biotic homogenisation and differentiation as directional change in beta diversity: synthesising driver-response relationships to develop conceptual models across ecosystems. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1388-1423. [PMID: 37072381 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Biotic homogenisation is defined as decreasing dissimilarity among ecological assemblages sampled within a given spatial area over time. Biotic differentiation, in turn, is defined as increasing dissimilarity over time. Overall, changes in the spatial dissimilarities among assemblages (termed 'beta diversity') is an increasingly recognised feature of broader biodiversity change in the Anthropocene. Empirical evidence of biotic homogenisation and biotic differentiation remains scattered across different ecosystems. Most meta-analyses quantify the prevalence and direction of change in beta diversity, rather than attempting to identify underlying ecological drivers of such changes. By conceptualising the mechanisms that contribute to decreasing or increasing dissimilarity in the composition of ecological assemblages across space, environmental managers and conservation practitioners can make informed decisions about what interventions may be required to sustain biodiversity and can predict potential biodiversity outcomes of future disturbances. We systematically reviewed and synthesised published empirical evidence for ecological drivers of biotic homogenisation and differentiation across terrestrial, marine, and freshwater realms to derive conceptual models that explain changes in spatial beta diversity. We pursued five key themes in our review: (i) temporal environmental change; (ii) disturbance regime; (iii) connectivity alteration and species redistribution; (iv) habitat change; and (v) biotic and trophic interactions. Our first conceptual model highlights how biotic homogenisation and differentiation can occur as a function of changes in local (alpha) diversity or regional (gamma) diversity, independently of species invasions and losses due to changes in species occurrence among assemblages. Second, the direction and magnitude of change in beta diversity depends on the interaction between spatial variation (patchiness) and temporal variation (synchronicity) of disturbance events. Third, in the context of connectivity and species redistribution, divergent beta diversity outcomes occur as different species have different dispersal characteristics, and the magnitude of beta diversity change associated with species invasions also depends strongly on alpha and gamma diversity prior to species invasion. Fourth, beta diversity is positively linked with spatial environmental variability, such that biotic homogenisation and differentiation occur when environmental heterogeneity decreases or increases, respectively. Fifth, species interactions can influence beta diversity via habitat modification, disease, consumption (trophic dynamics), competition, and by altering ecosystem productivity. Our synthesis highlights the multitude of mechanisms that cause assemblages to be more or less spatially similar in composition (taxonomically, functionally, phylogenetically) through time. We consider that future studies should aim to enhance our collective understanding of ecological systems by clarifying the underlying mechanisms driving homogenisation or differentiation, rather than focusing only on reporting the prevalence and direction of change in beta diversity, per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Rolls
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, 2351, Australia
| | - David C Deane
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Sarah E Johnson
- Natural Resources Department, Northland College, Ashland, WI, 54891, USA
| | - Jani Heino
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, Oulu, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Marti J Anderson
- New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study (NZIAS), Massey University, Albany Campus, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kari E Ellingsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fram Centre, P.O. Box 6606 Langnes, Tromsø, 9296, Norway
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Lazarina M, Sgardelis SP, Michailidou D, Tsianou M, Andrikou‐Charitidou A, Touloumis K, Kallimanis AS. Replacement drives native β‐diversity of British avifauna, while richness differences shape alien β‐diversity. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lazarina
- Department of Ecology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | | | | | - Mariana Tsianou
- Department of Ecology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Touloumis
- Department of Ecology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation, Fisheries Research Institute Kavala Greece
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3
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Alric B, Geffard O, Chaumot A. Metal bioavailable contamination engages richness decline, species turnover but unchanged functional diversity of stream macroinvertebrates at the scale of a French region. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119565. [PMID: 35659553 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are the main source of water for sustaining life on earth, and the biodiversity they support is the main source of valuable goods and services for human populations. Despite growing recognition of the impairment of freshwater ecosystems by micropollutant contamination, different conceptual and methodological considerations can newly be addressed to improve our understanding of the ecological impact into these ecosystems. Here, we originally combined in situ ecotoxicology and community ecology concepts to unveil the mechanisms structuring macroinvertebrate communities along a regional contamination gradient. The novelty of our study lies in the use of an innovative biomonitoring approach (measurement of metal contents in caged crustaceans) allowing to quantify and compare on a regional scale the levels of bioavailable metal contamination to which stream communities are exposed. We were hence able to identify 23 streams presenting a significant gradient of bioavailable metal contamination within the same catchment area in the South West of France, from which we also obtained data on the composition of resident macroinvertebrate communities. Analyses of structural and functional integrity of communities revealed an unexpected decoupling between taxonomic and functional diversity of communities in response to bioavailable metal contamination. We show that despite the negative impact of bioavailable metal contamination exposure on taxonomic diversity (with an average species loss of 17% in contaminated streams), functional diversity is maintained through a process of non-random species replacement by functional redundant species at the regional scale. Such unanticipated findings call for a deeper characterization of metal-tolerant communities' ability to cope with environmental variability in multi-stressed ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Alric
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625, Villeurbanne, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, AD2M, UMR 7144, F-29680, Roscoff, France.
| | - Olivier Geffard
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Arnaud Chaumot
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625, Villeurbanne, France
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Population models reveal synergistic fitness effects of climate change and urbanization on poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) via disruption of seed dispersal interactions. Urban Ecosyst 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-022-01243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Báez S, Fadrique B, Feeley K, Homeier J. Changes in tree functional composition across topographic gradients and through time in a tropical montane forest. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263508. [PMID: 35442987 PMCID: PMC9020722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding variation in tree functional traits along topographic gradients and through time provides insights into the processes that will shape community composition and determine ecosystem functioning. In montane environments, complex topography is known to affect forest structure and composition, yet its role in determining trait composition, indices on community climatic tolerances, and responses to changing environmental conditions has not been fully explored. This study investigates how functional trait composition (characterized as community-weighted moments) and community climatic indices vary for the tree community as a whole and for its separate demographic components (i.e., dying, surviving, recruiting trees) over eight years in a topographically complex tropical Andean forest in southern Ecuador. We identified a strong influence of topography on functional composition and on species' climatic optima, such that communities at lower topographic positions were dominated by acquisitive species adapted to both warmer and wetter conditions compared to communities at upper topographic positions which were dominated by conservative cold adapted species, possibly due to differences in soil conditions and hydrology. Forest functional and climatic composition remained stable through time; and we found limited evidence for trait-based responses to environmental change among demographic groups. Our findings confirm that fine-scale environmental conditions are a critical factor structuring plant communities in tropical forests, and suggest that slow environmental warming and community-based processes may promote short-term community functional stability. This study highlights the need to explore how diverse aspects of community trait composition vary in tropical montane forests, and to further investigate thresholds of forest response to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Báez
- Departamento de Biología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Belén Fadrique
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Feeley
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jürgen Homeier
- Department of Plant Ecology, University of Goettingen. Goettingen, Germany
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Tsianou MA, Touloumis K, Kallimanis AS. Low spatial congruence between temporal functional β‐diversity and temporal taxonomic and phylogenetic β‐diversity in British avifauna. Ecol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A. Tsianou
- Department of Ecology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Konstantinos Touloumis
- Department of Ecology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation Fisheries Research Institute Kavala Greece
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Mouton TL, Tonkin JD, Stephenson F, Verburg P, Floury M. Increasing climate-driven taxonomic homogenization but functional differentiation among river macroinvertebrate assemblages. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:6904-6915. [PMID: 33030282 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Global change is increasing biotic homogenization globally, which modifies the functioning of ecosystems. While tendencies towards taxonomic homogenization in biological communities have been extensively studied, functional homogenization remains an understudied facet of biodiversity. Here, we tested four hypotheses related to long-term changes (1991-2016) in the taxonomic and functional arrangement of freshwater macroinvertebrate assemblages across space and possible drivers of these changes. Using data collected annually at 64 river sites in mainland New Zealand, we related temporal changes in taxonomic and functional spatial β-diversity, and the contribution of individual sites to β-diversity, to a set of global, regional, catchment and reach-scale environmental descriptors. We observed long-term, mostly climate-induced, temporal trends towards taxonomic homogenization but functional differentiation among macroinvertebrate assemblages. These changes were mainly driven by replacements of species and functional traits among assemblages, rather than nested species loss. In addition, there was no difference between the mean rate of change in the taxonomic and functional facets of β-diversity. Climatic processes governed overall population and community changes in these freshwater ecosystems, but were amplified by multiple anthropogenic, topographic and biotic drivers of environmental change, acting widely across the landscape. The functional diversification of communities could potentially provide communities with greater stability, resistance and resilience capacity to environmental change, despite ongoing taxonomic homogenization. Therefore, our study highlights a need to further understand temporal trajectories in both taxonomic and functional components of species communities, which could enable a clearer picture of how biodiversity and ecosystems will respond to future global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théophile L Mouton
- MARBEC, UMR IRD-CNRS-UM-IFREMER 9190, Université Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Jonathan D Tonkin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Fabrice Stephenson
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Piet Verburg
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Mathieu Floury
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, France
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Campbell SE, Mandrak NE. Functional differentiation accompanies taxonomic homogenization in freshwater fish communities. Ecology 2020; 101:e03188. [PMID: 32876942 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The addition of nonnative species and loss of native species has modified the composition of communities globally. Although changes in β-diversity have been well documented, there is a need for studies incorporating multiple time periods, more than one dimension of biodiversity, and inclusion of nestedness and turnover components to understand the underlying mechanisms structuring community composition and assembly. Here, we examined temporal changes in functional dissimilarity of fish communities of the Laurentian Great Lakes and compared these changes to those of taxonomic dissimilarity by decade from 1870 to 2010. Jaccard-derived functional dissimilarity index was used to quantify changes in functional β-diversity within communities, between all possible pairs of communities, and using a multiple-site index among all communities. β-diversity was partitioned into components of nestedness and turnover, and changes were examined over time. Similar to patterns in taxonomic dissimilarity, each community functionally differentiated from the historical community of 1870, with Lake Superior changing the most (~24%) and Lake Ontario the least (~14%). Although communities have become taxonomically homogenized, functional β-diversity among all communities has increased over time, indicating functional differentiation. This is likely due to functional similarity between the communities being historically high (i.e., ~88% similar in 1870). The higher taxonomic relative to functional turnover indicates that the species being replaced between communities are functionally redundant, which could occur given the harsh environmental conditions of the region and/or as a result of the recent glacial history of the region. High functional nestedness across communities reflects dispersal limitations, with smaller communities being functional subsets of large communities closer to source populations. The functional differentiation observed is likely due to nonnative species with functional traits unique to the region establishing or the loss of functionally redundant native species; however, it is important to note that patterns of homogenization were periodically observed through time. Our study demonstrates the possible factors regulating diversity in the Laurentian Great Lakes fish communities, that patterns of taxonomic and functional β-diversity are dynamic over time and vary in the magnitude and direction of change, and that taxonomic diversity should not be used to predict changes in functional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Campbell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Nicholas E Mandrak
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
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Effect of Anthropogenic Disturbance on Floristic Homogenization in the Floodplain Landscape: Insights from the Taxonomic and Functional Perspectives. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11101036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic disturbances pose significant threats to biodiversity. However, limited information has been acquired regarding the degree of impact human disturbance has on the β-diversity of plant assemblages, especially in threatened ecosystems (e.g., floodplains). In the present study, the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on plant communities of floodplain areas (the Miya River, Mie Prefecture, Japan) were analyzed. The taxonomic and functional β-diversity among different degradation levels were compared, and the differences were assessed by tests for homogeneity in multivariate dispersions. In addition, the effects of non-native species and environmental factors on β-diversity were analyzed. As revealed from the results, anthropogenic disturbance led to taxonomic homogenization at a regional scale. The increase in non-native invasions tended to improve homogenization, whereas at a low degradation level, the occurrence of non-natives species was usually related to taxonomic differentiation. Furthermore, though the increase in non-natives and environmental parameters significantly affected the β-diversity of the floodplain area, environmental factors may be of more crucial importance than biotic interactions in shaping species assemblages in this study. The previously mentioned result is likely to be dependent on the research scale and the extent to which floodplains are disturbed. Given the significant importance of floodplains, the significance of looking at floodplains in the different levels of degradation was highlighted, and both invasion of non-native species and environmental factors should be considered to gain insights into the response of ecosystems to anthropogenic disturbance. The findings of this study suggested that conservation programs in floodplain areas should place more emphasis on the preservation of natural processes and forest resources.
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10
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Menéndez-Guerrero PA, Davies TJ, Green DM. Extinctions of Threatened Frogs may Impact Ecosystems in a Global Hotspot of Anuran Diversity. HERPETOLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1655/0018-0831-76.2.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - T. Jonathan Davies
- Departments of Botany and Forest & Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd. Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - David M. Green
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C4, Canada
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11
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Stanley A, Arceo-Gómez G. Urbanization increases seed dispersal interaction diversity but decreases dispersal success in Toxicodendron radicans. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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12
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García‐Navas V, Sattler T, Schmid H, Ozgul A. Temporal homogenization of functional and beta diversity in bird communities of the Swiss Alps. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vicente García‐Navas
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Hans Schmid
- Swiss Ornithological Institute Sempach Switzerland
| | - Arpat Ozgul
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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13
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McLean M, Mouillot D, Lindegren M, Villéger S, Engelhard G, Murgier J, Auber A. Fish communities diverge in species but converge in traits over three decades of warming. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:3972-3984. [PMID: 31376310 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Describing the spatial and temporal dynamics of communities is essential for understanding the impacts of global environmental change on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Trait-based approaches can provide better insight than species-based (i.e. taxonomic) approaches into community assembly and ecosystem functioning, but comparing species and trait dynamics may reveal important patterns for understanding community responses to environmental change. Here, we used a 33-year database of fish monitoring to compare the spatio-temporal dynamics of taxonomic and trait structure in North Sea fish communities. We found that the majority of variation in both taxonomic and trait structure was explained by a pronounced spatial gradient, with distinct communities in the southern and northern North Sea related to depth, sea surface temperature, salinity and bed shear stress. Both taxonomic and trait structure changed significantly over time; however taxonomically, communities in the south and north diverged towards different species, becoming more dissimilar over time, yet they converged towards the same traits regardless of species differences. In particular, communities shifted towards smaller, faster growing species with higher thermal preferences and pelagic water column position. Although taxonomic structure changed over time, its spatial distribution remained relatively stable, whereas in trait structure, the southern zone of the North Sea shifted northward and expanded, leading to homogenization. Our findings suggest that global environmental change, notably climate warming, will lead to convergence towards traits more adapted for novel environments regardless of species composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew McLean
- Unité Halieutique de Manche et mer du Nord, IFREMER, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - David Mouillot
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier Cedex, France
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Martin Lindegren
- Centre for Ocean Life, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sébastien Villéger
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Georg Engelhard
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
- Collaborative Centre for Sustainable Use of the Seas (CCSUS), University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Juliette Murgier
- Unité Halieutique de Manche et mer du Nord, IFREMER, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Arnaud Auber
- Unité Halieutique de Manche et mer du Nord, IFREMER, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
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Boyé A, Thiébaut É, Grall J, Legendre P, Broudin C, Houbin C, Le Garrec V, Maguer M, Droual G, Gauthier O. Trait‐based approach to monitoring marine benthic data along 500 km of coastline. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Boyé
- CNRS IRD Ifremer LEMAR Univ Brest Plouzane France
- Département de Sciences Biologiques Université de Montréal Montréal QC Canada
| | - Éric Thiébaut
- Laboratoire Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin UMR 7144 CNRS Station Biologique de Roscoff Sorbonne Université Roscoff Cedex France
| | - Jacques Grall
- CNRS IRD Ifremer LEMAR Univ Brest Plouzane France
- CNRS UMS 3113 Observatoire Marin Suivis Habitats Benthiques OSU‐IUEM Université de Brest Plouzané France
| | - Pierre Legendre
- Département de Sciences Biologiques Université de Montréal Montréal QC Canada
| | - Caroline Broudin
- CNRS Station Biologique de Roscoff FR 2424 Sorbonne Université Roscoff France
| | - Céline Houbin
- CNRS Station Biologique de Roscoff FR 2424 Sorbonne Université Roscoff France
| | - Vincent Le Garrec
- CNRS UMS 3113 Observatoire Marin Suivis Habitats Benthiques OSU‐IUEM Université de Brest Plouzané France
| | - Marion Maguer
- CNRS UMS 3113 Observatoire Marin Suivis Habitats Benthiques OSU‐IUEM Université de Brest Plouzané France
| | - Gabin Droual
- CNRS UMS 3113 Observatoire Marin Suivis Habitats Benthiques OSU‐IUEM Université de Brest Plouzané France
| | - Olivier Gauthier
- CNRS IRD Ifremer LEMAR Univ Brest Plouzane France
- CNRS UMS 3113 Observatoire Marin Suivis Habitats Benthiques OSU‐IUEM Université de Brest Plouzané France
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