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Belykh E, Maystrenko T, Velegzhaninov I, Tavleeva M, Rasova E, Rybak A. Taxonomic Diversity and Functional Traits of Soil Bacterial Communities under Radioactive Contamination: A Review. Microorganisms 2024; 12:733. [PMID: 38674676 PMCID: PMC11051952 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating the taxonomic diversity and structure of soil bacteria in areas with enhanced radioactive backgrounds have been ongoing for three decades. An analysis of data published from 1996 to 2024 reveals changes in the taxonomic structure of radioactively contaminated soils compared to the reference, showing that these changes are not exclusively dependent on contamination rates or pollutant compositions. High levels of radioactive exposure from external irradiation and a high radionuclide content lead to a decrease in the alpha diversity of soil bacterial communities, both in laboratory settings and environmental conditions. The effects of low or moderate exposure are not consistently pronounced or unidirectional. Functional differences among taxonomic groups that dominate in contaminated soil indicate a variety of adaptation strategies. Bacteria identified as multiple-stress tolerant; exhibiting tolerance to metals and antibiotics; producing antioxidant enzymes, low-molecular antioxidants, and radioprotectors; participating in redox reactions; and possessing thermophilic characteristics play a significant role. Changes in the taxonomic and functional structure, resulting from increased soil radionuclide content, are influenced by the combined effects of ionizing radiation, the chemical toxicity of radionuclides and co-contaminants, as well as the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the initial bacterial community composition. Currently, the quantification of the differential contributions of these factors based on the existing published studies presents a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Belykh
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia (I.V.); (E.R.)
| | - Tatiana Maystrenko
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia (I.V.); (E.R.)
| | - Ilya Velegzhaninov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia (I.V.); (E.R.)
| | - Marina Tavleeva
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia (I.V.); (E.R.)
- Department of Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences, Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prospekt, Syktyvkar 167001, Russia
| | - Elena Rasova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia (I.V.); (E.R.)
| | - Anna Rybak
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia (I.V.); (E.R.)
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Steger J, Bogi C, Lubinevsky H, Galil BS, Zuschin M, Albano PG. Ecological baselines in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea shifted long before the availability of observational time series. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17272. [PMID: 38623753 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Native biodiversity loss and invasions by nonindigenous species (NIS) have massively altered ecosystems worldwide, but trajectories of taxonomic and functional reorganization remain poorly understood due to the scarcity of long-term data. Where ecological time series are available, their temporal coverage is often shorter than the history of anthropogenic changes, posing the risk of drawing misleading conclusions on systems' current states and future development. Focusing on the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, a region affected by massive biological invasions and the largest climate change-driven collapse of native marine biodiversity ever documented, we followed the taxonomic and functional evolution of an emerging "novel ecosystem", using a unique dataset on shelled mollusks sampled in 2005-2022 on the Israeli shelf. To quantify the alteration of observed assemblages relative to historical times, we also analyzed decades- to centuries-old ecological baselines reconstructed from radiometrically dated death assemblages, time-averaged accumulations of shells on the seafloor that constitute natural archives of past community states. Against expectations, we found no major loss of native biodiversity in the past two decades, suggesting that its collapse had occurred even earlier than 2005. Instead, assemblage taxonomic and functional richness increased, reflecting the diversification of NIS whose trait structure was, and has remained, different from the native one. The comparison with the death assemblage, however, revealed that modern assemblages are taxonomically and functionally much impoverished compared to historical communities. This implies that NIS did not compensate for the functional loss of native taxa, and that even the most complete observational dataset available for the region represents a shifted baseline that does not reflect the actual magnitude of anthropogenic changes. While highlighting the great value of observational time series, our results call for the integration of multiple information sources on past ecosystem states to better understand patterns of biodiversity loss in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Steger
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cesare Bogi
- Gruppo Malacologico Livornese, c/o Museo di Storia Naturale del Mediterraneo, Livorno, Italy
| | - Hadas Lubinevsky
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Bella S Galil
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History and Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Martin Zuschin
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paolo G Albano
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Marine Animal Conservation and Public Engagement, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
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Wang X, Gong L, Luo Y, Ding Z, Guo Q, Li X, Ma X. Phylogenetic diversity drives soil multifunctionality in arid montane forest-grassland transition zone. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1344948. [PMID: 38410734 PMCID: PMC10894997 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1344948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Exploring plant diversity and ecosystem functioning in different dimensions is crucial to preserve ecological balance and advance ecosystem conservation efforts. Ecosystem transition zones serve as vital connectors linking two distinct ecosystems, yet the impact of various aspects of plant diversity (including taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity) on soil multifunctionality in these zones remains to be clarified. This study focuses on the forest-grassland transition zone in the mountains on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains, and investigates vegetation and soil characteristics from forest ecosystems to grassland ecosystems to characterize plant diversity and soil functioning, as well as the driving role of plant diversity in different dimensions. In the montane forest-grassland transition zone, urease (URE) and total nitrogen (TN) play a major role in regulating plant diversity by affecting the soil nutrient cycle. Phylogenetic diversity was found to be the strongest driver of soil multifunctionality, followed by functional diversity, while taxonomic diversity was the least important driver. Diverse species were shown to play an important role in maintaining soil multifunctionality in the transition zone, especially distantly related species with high phylogeny. The study of multidimensional plant diversity and soil multifunctionality in the montane forest-grassland transition zone can help to balance the relationship between these two elements, which is crucial in areas where the ecosystem overlaps, and the application of the findings can support sustainable development in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Urumqi, China
| | - Lu Gong
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Urumqi, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhaolong Ding
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Urumqi, China
| | - Qian Guo
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Urumqi, China
| | - Xinyu Ma
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Urumqi, China
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Martínez-Alvarez L, Ramond JB, Vikram S, León-Sobrino C, Maggs-Kölling G, Cowan DA. With a pinch of salt: metagenomic insights into Namib Desert salt pan microbial mats and halites reveal functionally adapted and competitive communities. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0062923. [PMID: 37971255 PMCID: PMC10734447 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00629-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The hyperarid Namib Desert is one of the oldest deserts on Earth. It contains multiple clusters of playas which are saline-rich springs surrounded by halite evaporites. Playas are of great ecological importance, and their indigenous (poly)extremophilic microorganisms are potentially involved in the precipitation of minerals such as carbonates and sulfates and have been of great biotechnological importance. While there has been a considerable amount of microbial ecology research performed on various Namib Desert edaphic microbiomes, little is known about the microbial communities inhabiting its multiple playas. In this work, we provide a comprehensive taxonomic and functional potential characterization of the microbial, including viral, communities of sediment mats and halites from two distant salt pans of the Namib Desert, contributing toward a better understanding of the ecology of this biome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martínez-Alvarez
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics (CMEG), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jean-Baptiste Ramond
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics (CMEG), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Extreme Ecosystem Microbiomics & Ecogenomics (E²ME) Lab., Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Surendra Vikram
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics (CMEG), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Carlos León-Sobrino
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics (CMEG), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Don A. Cowan
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics (CMEG), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Montoya Q, Martiarena M, Rodrigues A. Taxonomy and systematics of the fungus-growing ant associate Escovopsis ( Hypocreaceae). Stud Mycol 2023; 106:349-397. [PMID: 38298572 PMCID: PMC10825746 DOI: 10.3114/sim.2023.106.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Escovopsis is a symbiont of fungus-growing ant colonies. Unstandardised taxonomy prevented the evaluation of the morphological diversity of Escovopsis for more than a century. The aim of this study is to create a standardised taxonomic framework to assess the morphological and phylogenetic diversity of Escovopsis. Therefore, to set the foundation for Escovopsis taxonomy and allow interspecific comparisons within the genus, we redescribe the ex-type cultures of Escovopsis aspergilloides, E. clavata, E. lentecrescens, E. microspora, E. moelleri, E. multiformis, and E. weberi. Thus, based on the parameters adopted in this study combined with phylogenetic analyses using five molecular markers, we synonymize E. microspora with E. weberi, and introduce 13 new species isolated from attine nests collected in Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Panama: E. breviramosa, E. chlamydosporosa, E. diminuta, E. elongatistipitata, E. gracilis, E. maculosa, E. papillata, E. peniculiformis, E. phialicopiosa, E. pseudocylindrica, E. rectangula, E. rosisimilis, and E. spicaticlavata. Our results revealed a great interspecific morphological diversity throughout Escovopsis. Notwithstanding, colony growth rates at different temperatures, as well as vesicle shape, appear to be the most outstanding features distinguishing species in the genus. This study fills an important gap in the systematics of Escovopsis that will allow future researchers to unravel the genetic and morphological diversity and species diversification of these attine ant symbionts. Taxonomic novelties: New species: Escovopsis breviramosa Q.V. Montoya, M.J.S. Martiarena & A. Rodrigues, E. chlamydosporosa Q.V. Montoya, M.J.S. Martiarena & A. Rodrigues, E. diminuta Q.V. Montoya, M.J.S. Martiarena & A. Rodrigues, E. elongatistipitata Q.V. Montoya, M.J.S. Martiarena & A. Rodrigues, E. gracilis Q.V. Montoya, M.J.S. Martiarena & A. Rodrigues, E. maculosa Q.V. Montoya, M.J.S. Martiarena & A. Rodrigues, E. papillata Q.V. Montoya, M.J.S. Martiarena & A. Rodrigues, E. peniculiformis Q.V. Montoya, M.J.S. Martiarena & A. Rodrigues, E. phialicopiosa Q.V. Montoya, M.J.S. Martiarena & A. Rodrigues, E. pseudocylindrica Q.V. Montoya, M.J.S. Martiarena & A. Rodrigues, E. rectangula Q.V. Montoya, M.J.S. Martiarena & A. Rodrigues, E. rosisimilis Q.V. Montoya, M.J.S. Martiarena & A. Rodrigues, E. spicaticlavata Q.V. Montoya, M.J.S. Martiarena & A. Rodrigues. Citation: Montoya QV, Martiarena MJS, Rodrigues A (2023). Taxonomy and systematics of the fungus-growing ant associate Escovopsis (Hypocreaceae). Studies in Mycology 106: 349-397. doi: 10.3114/sim.2023.106.06.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q.V Montoya
- Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - M.J.S. Martiarena
- Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - A. Rodrigues
- Department of General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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Gong X, Qi Z, Wen J, Yan Y, Liu Q, Li Y, Zhang Q. Promoting effects of soil C and N and limiting effect of soil P jointly determine the plant diversity during the aerial seeding restoration process in Mu Us sandy land, China. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1272607. [PMID: 37954995 PMCID: PMC10634302 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1272607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Exploring the change and maintaining mechanism of plant diversity is of great significance for guiding the restoration of degraded ecosystems. However, how plant taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity change during long-term ecosystem restoration process and their driving factors remain unclear. Methods Based on the 35-year time gradient of aerial seeding restoration in Mu Us sandy land, this study explored the changes in plant taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity and the driving factors. Results The results showed that plant taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity showed consistent response with the aerial seeding restoration, all of which increased first and then tended to a saturation state in the middle of restoration (14 years). TN, TOC, and NO3 --N increased with aerial seeding restoration and showed a significant positive correlation with plant diversity of the three dimensions, while AP showed a negative correlation. Soil nitrogen and carbon promoted the increase of diversity of three dimensions in the early restoration period, while phosphorus limited the increase of diversity of three dimensions in the middle and late restoration periods. The diversity of three dimensions was mainly affected by restoration time, soil nutrients, and climate factors, and the coupling effect of restoration time and soil nutrients was dominant. Discussion These findings indicate that the plant diversity in different dimensions and soil nutrients are improved by aerial seeding restoration. Our study highlights that aerial seeding restoration mainly improves plant diversity by increasing soil nutrients, and the relative effects of different soil nutrients on plant diversity during restoration are inconsistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Gong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhimin Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jia Wen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yongzhi Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qingfu Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Research Center of Forest Ecology, Forestry College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuanheng Li
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security (Jointly Supported by the Ministry of Education of China and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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Gafforov Y, Rašeta M, Rapior S, Yarasheva M, Wang X, Zhou L, Wan-Mohtar WAAQI, Zafar M, Lim YW, Wang M, Abdullaev B, Bussmann RW, Zengin G, Chen J. Macrofungi as Medicinal Resources in Uzbekistan: Biodiversity, Ethnomycology, and Ethnomedicinal Practices. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:922. [PMID: 37755030 PMCID: PMC10532728 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in edible and medicinal macrofungi is millennial in terms of their uses in health and food products in Central Asia, while interest in inedible and medicinal macrofungi has grown in popularity in recent years. Edible and inedible medicinal basidiomycetes were collected during field surveys from different regions of Uzbekistan. The morphological characters and similarity assessment of rDNA-Internal Transcribed Spacer sequence data were used to measure diversity and habitat associations. A number of 17 species of medicinal macrofungi of ethnomycological and medicinal interest was found associated with 23 species of trees and shrubs belonging to 11 families and 14 genera. Polyporaceae and Hymenochaetaceae were represented by the highest number of species followed by Ganodermataceae, Fomitopsidaceae, Auriculariaceae, Cerrenaceae, Grifolaceae, Phanerochaetaceae, Laetiporaceae, Schizophyllaceae, and Stereaceae. The highest number of medicinal basidiomycete species was reported in the following host genera: Acer, Betula, Celtis, Crataegus, Juglans, Juniperus, Lonicera, Malus, Morus, Platanus, Populus, Prunus, Quercus, and Salix. An updated list of edible and inedible medicinal mushrooms identified in Uzbekistan, their morphological characteristics, and phylogenetic placement are given for the first time. Information is provided on their uses in traditional and modern medicine. Their bioactive compounds and extracts can be applied as medicines, as well as food and cosmetic ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusufjon Gafforov
- New Uzbekistan University, Tashkent 100007, Uzbekistan
- Central Asian University, Tashkent 111221, Uzbekistan
- Mycology Laboratory, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Milena Rašeta
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sylvie Rapior
- CEFE, CNRS, University of Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, CS 14491, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Botany, Phytochemistry and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, CS 14491, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Manzura Yarasheva
- Tashkent International University of Education, Tashkent 100207, Uzbekistan
| | - Xuewei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Liwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Young Woon Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mengcen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Rainer W. Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany, State Museum of Natural History, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany;
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden, Ilia State University, Botanical Street 1, 0105 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selçuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey
| | - Jiajia Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China
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Lazarina M, Michailidou DE, Tsianou M, Kallimanis AS. How Biodiversity, Climate and Landscape Drive Functional Redundancy of British Butterflies. Insects 2023; 14:722. [PMID: 37754690 PMCID: PMC10531656 DOI: 10.3390/insects14090722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity promotes the functioning of ecosystems, and functional redundancy safeguards this functioning against environmental changes. However, what drives functional redundancy remains unclear. We analyzed taxonomic diversity, functional diversity (richness and β-diversity) and functional redundancy patterns of British butterflies. We explored the effect of temperature and landscape-related variables on richness and redundancy using generalized additive models, and on β-diversity using generalized dissimilarity models. The species richness-functional richness relationship was saturating, indicating functional redundancy in species-rich communities. Assemblages did not deviate from random expectations regarding functional richness. Temperature exerted a significant effect on all diversity aspects and on redundancy, with the latter relationship being unimodal. Landscape-related variables played a role in driving observed patterns. Although taxonomic and functional β-diversity were highly congruent, the model of taxonomic β-diversity explained more deviance than the model of functional β-diversity did. Species-rich butterfly assemblages exhibited functional redundancy. Climate- and landscape-related variables emerged as significant drivers of diversity and redundancy. Τaxonomic β-diversity was more strongly associated with the environmental gradient, while functional β-diversity was driven more strongly by stochasticity. Temperature promoted species richness and β-diversity, but warmer areas exhibited lower levels of functional redundancy. This might be related to the land uses prevailing in warmer areas (e.g., agricultural intensification).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lazarina
- Department of Ecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.-E.M.); (A.S.K.)
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Ji LL, Zhao L, Ouyang T, Yang SQ, Zheng BH, Du YX, Li YX, Li JX, Shi JQ, Wu ZX. [Influence and Driving of Environmental Heterogeneity on the Epilithic Diatom Community in Xiangxi River, a Tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2023; 44:2083-2092. [PMID: 37040958 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202206113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental heterogeneity can not only increase species diversity to some extent but also affect the stability of terrestrial communities. However, how environmental heterogeneity affects species diversity of epilithic diatom communities in aquatic ecosystems is rarely reported. In this study, therefore, epilithic diatoms and their roles in driving species diversity were explored by quantifying and comparing the environmental heterogeneity in Xiangxi River, a tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGR), on a time scale. The results showed that environmental heterogeneity, taxonomic β-diversity, and functional β-diversity in non-impoundment periods were significantly higher than those in impoundment periods. Moreover, the turnover components in the two hydrological periods showed the highest contribution to β-diversity. However, the taxonomic α-diversity in impoundment periods was significantly higher than that in non-impoundment periods. In addition, functional richness in functional α-diversity was significantly higher in non-impoundment periods than that in impoundment periods, whereas there was no significant difference in other functional α-diversity, i.e., functional dispersion and functional evenness, found between the two periods. Multiple regression on (dis)similarity matrices (MRM) analysis indicated that ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and silicate (SiO32--Si) were the key environmental heterogeneous factors affecting the epilithic diatom community in Xiangxi River during the non-impoundment periods, whereas the key heterogeneous factors were ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), silicate (SiO32--Si), and total phosphorus (TP) during the impoundment periods. These results suggested that the environmental heterogeneity during different hydrological periods in TGR can significantly affect the community structure of epilithic diatoms, resulting in the differentiation of species within the community and even affecting the stability of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Ji
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tian Ouyang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Song-Qi Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bao-Hai Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yu-Xin Du
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yu-Xin Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jun-Qiong Shi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhong-Xing Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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10
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Coutant O, Jézéquel C, Mokany K, Cantera I, Covain R, Valentini A, Dejean T, Brosse S, Murienne J. Environmental DNA reveals a mismatch between diversity facets of Amazonian fishes in response to contrasting geographical, environmental and anthropogenic effects. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:1741-1758. [PMID: 36408670 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are among the most endangered ecosystem in the world. Understanding how human activities affect these ecosystems requires disentangling and quantifying the contribution of the factors driving community assembly. While it has been largely studied in temperate freshwaters, tropical ecosystems remain challenging to study due to the high species richness and the lack of knowledge on species distribution. Here, the use of eDNA-based fish inventories combined to a community-level modelling approach allowed depicting of assembly rules and quantifying the relative contribution of geographic, environmental and anthropic factors to fish assembly. We then used the model predictions to map spatial biodiversity and assess the representativity of sites surveyed in French Guiana within the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) and highlighted areas that should host unique freshwater fish assemblages. We demonstrated a mismatch between the taxonomic and functional diversity. Taxonomic assemblages between but also within basins were mainly the results of dispersal limitation resulting from basin isolation and natural river barriers. Contrastingly, functional assemblages were ruled by environmental and anthropic factors. The regional mapping of fish diversity indicated that the sites surveyed within the EU WFD had a better representativity of the regional functional diversity than taxonomic diversity. Importantly, we also showed that the assemblages expected to be the most altered by anthropic factors were the most poorly represented in terms of functional diversity in the surveyed sites. The predictions of unique functional and taxonomic assemblages could, therefore, guide the establishment of new survey sites to increase fish diversity representativity and improve this monitoring program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opale Coutant
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174), CNRS, IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Jézéquel
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174), CNRS, IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Karel Mokany
- CSIRO, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Isabel Cantera
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Raphaël Covain
- Department of Herpetology and Ichthyology, Museum of Natural History, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Sébastien Brosse
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174), CNRS, IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Murienne
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174), CNRS, IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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11
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Cristaldi MA, Godoy IN, Leveau LM. Responses of Urban Bird Assemblages to Land-Sparing and Land-Sharing Development Styles in Two Argentinian Cities. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13. [PMID: 36899750 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Urbanization negatively affects biodiversity worldwide. Consequently, alternative urban development styles are required for an eco-friendlier urbanization process. Thus, two development styles have been suggested: land-sharing (buildings mixed with dispersed green space) and land-sparing (buildings interspersed with large green patches). We assessed differences in species diversity and composition of bird assemblages between both development styles in two Argentinian cities: Santa Fe and Buenos Aires. We surveyed birds in land-sharing and land-sparing areas during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. As a control, we also surveyed birds in areas dominated by impervious surfaces. At a local scale, we also measured the environmental noise and pedestrian traffic. At a landscape scale, we measured the percent vegetation cover surrounding development styles and their distance to the main river. In Buenos Aires, species richness was higher in land-sparing than in land-sharing. However, the Shannon diversity and Simpson diversity were higher in land-sharing. In Santa Fe, both urban development styles supported similar species richness and diversity. Species composition varied between land-sharing and land-sparing in both cities during the breeding season. The pedestrian traffic was negatively associated with species diversity. Therefore, both development styles and strategies to reduce pedestrian traffic should be taken into account to enhance different components of species diversity and composition within the urban matrix.
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12
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Klair D, Dobhal S, Ahmad A, Hassan ZU, Uyeda J, Silva J, Wang KH, Kim S, Alvarez AM, Arif M. Exploring taxonomic and functional microbiome of Hawaiian stream and spring irrigation water systems using Illumina and Oxford Nanopore sequencing platforms. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1039292. [PMID: 36876060 PMCID: PMC9981659 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1039292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Irrigation water is a common source of contamination that carries plant and foodborne human pathogens and provides a niche for proliferation and survival of microbes in agricultural settings. Bacterial communities and their functions in irrigation water were investigated by analyzing samples from wetland taro farms on Oahu, Hawaii using different DNA sequencing platforms. Irrigation water samples (stream, spring, and storage tank water) were collected from North, East, and West sides of Oahu and subjected to high quality DNA isolation, library preparation and sequencing of the V3-V4 region, full length 16S rRNA, and shotgun metagenome sequencing using Illumina iSeq100, Oxford Nanopore MinION and Illumina NovaSeq, respectively. Illumina reads provided the most comprehensive taxonomic classification at the phylum level where Proteobacteria was identified as the most abundant phylum in the stream source and associated water samples from wetland taro fields. Cyanobacteria was also a dominant phylum in samples from tank and spring water, whereas Bacteroidetes were most abundant in wetland taro fields irrigated with spring water. However, over 50% of the valid short amplicon reads remained unclassified and inconclusive at the species level. In contrast, Oxford Nanopore MinION was a better choice for microbe classification at the genus and species levels as indicated by samples sequenced for full length 16S rRNA. No reliable taxonomic classification results were obtained while using shotgun metagenome data. In functional analyzes, only 12% of the genes were shared by two consortia and 95 antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) were detected with variable relative abundance. Full descriptions of microbial communities and their functions are essential for the development of better water management strategies aimed to produce safer fresh produce and to protect plant, animal, human and environmental health. Quantitative comparisons illustrated the importance of selecting the appropriate analytical method depending on the level of taxonomic delineation sought in each microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Klair
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Shefali Dobhal
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Amjad Ahmad
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Zohaib Ul Hassan
- Group for Biometrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Convergent Research Center for Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Medical Measurement, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jensen Uyeda
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Joshua Silva
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Koon-Hui Wang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Seil Kim
- Group for Biometrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Convergent Research Center for Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Medical Measurement, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Anne M. Alvarez
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Mohammad Arif
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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13
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Jarzyna MA, Stagge JH. Decoupled spatiotemporal patterns of avian taxonomic and functional diversity. Curr Biol 2023; 33:1153-1161.e4. [PMID: 36822204 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Each year, seasonal bird migration leads to an immense redistribution of species occurrence and abundances,1,2,3 with pervasive, though unclear, consequences for patterns of multi-faceted avian diversity. Here, we uncover stark disparities in spatiotemporal variation between avian taxonomic diversity (TD) and functional diversity (FD) across the continental US. We show that the seasonality of species richness expectedly3 follows a latitudinal gradient, whereas seasonality of FD instead manifests a distinct east-west gradient. In the eastern US, the temporal patterns of TD and FD are diametrically opposed. In winter, functional richness is highest despite seasonal species loss, and the remaining most abundant species are amassed in fewer regions of the functional space relative to the rest of the year, likely reflecting decreased resource availability. In contrast, temporal signatures for TD and FD are more congruent in the western US. There, both species and functional richness peak during the breeding season, and species' abundances are more regularly distributed and widely spread across the functional space than during winter. Our results suggest that migratory birds in the western US disproportionately contribute to avian FD by possessing more unique trait characteristics than resident birds,4,5 while the primary contribution of migrants in the eastern US is through increasing the regularity of abundances within the functional space relative to the rest of the year. We anticipate that the uncovered complexity of spatiotemporal associations among measures of avian diversity will be the catalyst for adopting an explicitly temporal framework for multi-faceted biodiversity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Jarzyna
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - James H Stagge
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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14
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Nikitin DA. Ecological Characteristics of Antarctic Fungi. Dokl Biol Sci 2023; 508:32-54. [PMID: 37186046 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496622700120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In view of the high responsiveness of polar ecosystems to the global climate change, the research of Antarctic microorganisms has become a topical issue. The unique ecosystems that have developed under the severe climate conditions of the continent lack flowering plants but are dominated by soil mycobiota. In addition to performing their classical ecological functions, Antarctic fungi form the basis of local communities, e.g., endoliths and microbial mats. Furthermore, Antarctic fungi are a major force that mediates transformation of rock minerals in situ and makes biologically significant elements available for other organisms. For these reasons, mycobiota plays a central role in the maintenance of ecological equilibrium in Antarctica. The dominant fungal division on the continent is Ascomycota (77.1%), and not Basidiomycota (9.1%), as it is the case on other continents. For a number of reasons, yeasts and yeast-like micromycetes (mainly basidiomycetes) are more tolerant to extreme conditions in various Antarctic biotopes than filamentous fungi. Substantial evidence suggests that filamentous fungi and yeasts are better adapted to existence in ecosystems with extremely low temperatures than other microorganisms. Due to the long-term isolation of Antarctica from other continents, local biota has been evolving largely independently, which led to emergence of multiple endemic fungal taxa. The presence of eurytopes on the continent is presumably related to the global warming and growing anthropogenic pressure. This review discusses the current state of research on the structure of fungal communities of Antarctic subaerial and subaquatic biotopes, the ecological role of yeast-mycelial dimorphism in Antarctic fungi, the problem of endemism of Antarctic mycobiota, as well as the ecological and physiological adaptations of fungi to low temperatures; it also justifies the relevance of research into secondary metabolites of psychrophilic micromycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Nikitin
- Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, 119017, Moscow, Russia.
- Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017, Moscow, Russia.
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15
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Duan Q, Hu A, Yang W, Yu R, Liu G, Huan H, Dong R, Li X. Effects of grazing on vegetation diversity and soil multifunctionality in coconut plantations. Front Plant Sci 2023; 13:1109877. [PMID: 36714687 PMCID: PMC9874161 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1109877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Grazing is the main way of utilizing understory vegetation in the tropics. However, the effects of grazing on vegetation diversity and soil functions in coconut plantations remain unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted in a young coconut plantation that was grazed by geese in Wenchang, China. We identified four grazing intensities according to the aboveground biomass, namely, no grazing (CK), light grazing (LG), moderate grazing (MG), and heavy grazing (HG). In April 2022, we used the quadrat method to investigate the composition and traits of vegetation, collected and analyzed 0-40-cm soil samples in each grazing intensity. The results showed that grazing changed the composition of understory species. The predominant species changed from Bidens pilosa to Praxelis clematidea + Paspalum thunbergii and then to P. clematidea with increasing grazing intensity. The richness, Shannon-Wiener index, evenness, modified functional attribute diversity (MFAD), functional divergence (Fdiv), and functional evenness (Feve) of CK were 4.5, 1.0, 0.29, 0.20, 0.84, and 0.80, respectively. Taxonomic diversity did not respond to LG, but responded significantly to MG and HG. Compared with CK, MG and HG increased richness by 96% and 200%, respectively, and Shannon-Wiener index increased by 40% and 98%, respectively. HG increased evenness by 95%. For functional diversity, MG and HG increased MFAD by 164% and 560%, respectively, but Fdiv and Feve did not respond to grazing intensity. The carbon (C) functioning, nitrogen (N) functioning, phosphorus (P) functioning, and multifunctionality in the 0-10-cm topsoil of CK were -0.03, 0.37, -0.06, 0.20, and 0.14, respectively. Grazing increased C functioning, P functioning, and multifunctionality in the 0-10-cm topsoil but decreased N functioning. Multiple linear regression showed that the taxonomic diversity and functional diversity could be used to estimate soil functions, but these vary among soil layers. In general, MG and HG can increase vegetation diversity and soil function. It may be possible to promote even distribution of geese by adding water sources or zoning grazing. Furthermore, quantitative grazing experiments are needed to determine the efficient use pattern of the understory in coconut plantations in tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Duan
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
| | - An Hu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
| | - Weibo Yang
- Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
| | - Ruoyun Yu
- Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China
| | - Guodao Liu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
| | - Hengfu Huan
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
| | - Rongshu Dong
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
| | - Xinyong Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Haikou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
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16
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Zheng J, Arif M, He X, Ding D, Zhang S, Ni X, Li C. Plant community assembly is jointly shaped by environmental and dispersal filtering along elevation gradients in a semiarid area, China. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1041742. [PMID: 36507391 PMCID: PMC9732563 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1041742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental filtering (EF) and dispersal filtering (DF) are widely known to shape plant community assembly. Particularly in arid and semi-arid mountainous regions, however, it remains unclear whether EF or DF dominate in the community assembly of different life forms or how they interact along elevational gradients. This research aims to reveal how different ecological processes influence herbaceous and woody community assembly and how they respond to various environmental drivers and elevational gradients. Here we integrated taxonomic diversity (TD), phylogenetic diversity (PD), and ecological drivers across an elevational gradient of 1,420 m in the Helan Mountain Nature Reserve, in typical arid and semi-arid areas of China. This study showed that the TD and PD of herbaceous communities significantly increase linearly with changing elevation gradients, while woody 'TD' showed a unimodal pattern, and there was little relationship between woody 'PD' and elevation. Herbaceous species exhibited significant phylogenetic clustering at low elevations, where they were influenced by climate, aspect, and tree cover. However, woody species exhibited random patterns across elevations. Herbaceous and woody species' taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity is governed primarily by spatial turnover rather than nestedness. Spatial turnover is caused primarily by EF and DF's combined influence, but their relative importance differs between herbaceous and woody communities. Therefore, we conclude that the responses of herbaceous and woody plants along elevation gradients in the Helan Mountains are decoupled due to their different adaptation strategies to climate factors in the drylands. These findings are important for understanding the assembly mechanisms driving plant communities in dryland under the context of dramatic increases in drought driven by climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinrui He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongdong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Songlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xilu Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Seedling Bioengineering, Ningxia Forestry Institute, Yinchuan, China
| | - Changxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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17
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Tew ER, Conway GJ, Henderson IG, Milodowski DT, Swinfield T, Sutherland WJ. Recommendations to enhance breeding bird diversity in managed plantation forests determined using LiDAR. Ecol Appl 2022; 32:e2678. [PMID: 35588196 PMCID: PMC9787994 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Widespread afforestation is a crucial component of climate mitigation strategies worldwide. This presents a significant opportunity for biodiversity conservation if forests are appropriately managed. Within forests, structural and habitat diversity are known to be critical for biodiversity but pragmatic management recommendations are lacking. We make a comprehensive assessment of the effects of habitat variables on bird populations using data from over 4000 ha of forested landscape. We combine high-resolution remote sensing data with comprehensive management databases to classify habitat attributes and measure the response of six taxonomic and functional diversity metrics: species richness, Shannon diversity, functional richness, functional evenness, functional divergence, and functional dispersion. We use a novel approach that combines hierarchical partitioning analysis with linear models to determine the relative importance of different habitat variables for each bird diversity metric. The age class of forest stands was consistently the most important variable across all bird diversity metrics, outperforming other structural measures such as horizontal and vertical heterogeneity and canopy density. Shrub density and gap fraction were each significantly associated with one bird diversity metric. In contrast, variables describing within-stand structural heterogeneity (vertical and horizontal) were generally less important while tree species identity (e.g., conifer or broadleaved) was not significant for any bird diversity metric. Each of the six bird diversity metrics had different patterns of independent variable importance and significance, emphasizing the need to consider multiple diversity metrics in biodiversity assessments. Similarly, the optimal resolution for remote sensing metrics varied between structural variables and bird diversity metrics, suggesting that the use of remote sensing data in biodiversity studies could be greatly improved by first exploring different resolutions and data aggregations. Based on the results from this comprehensive study, we recommend that managers focus on creating habitat diversity at the between-, rather than exclusively within-stand scale, such as by creating a matrix of different age classes, to maximize bird diversity. This recommendation for forest managers is powerful yet pragmatic in its simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor R. Tew
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of Cambridge, The David Attenborough BuildingCambridgeUK
- Forestry EnglandBristolUK
| | | | | | - David T. Milodowski
- School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- National Centre for Earth ObservationUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Tom Swinfield
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - William J. Sutherland
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of Cambridge, The David Attenborough BuildingCambridgeUK
- Biosecurity Research Initiative at St Catharine's (BIORISC), St Catharine's CollegeUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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18
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Alric B, Geffard O, Chaumot A. Metal bioavailable contamination engages richness decline, species turnover but unchanged functional diversity of stream macroinvertebrates at the scale of a French region. Environ Pollut 2022; 308:119565. [PMID: 35659553 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are the main source of water for sustaining life on earth, and the biodiversity they support is the main source of valuable goods and services for human populations. Despite growing recognition of the impairment of freshwater ecosystems by micropollutant contamination, different conceptual and methodological considerations can newly be addressed to improve our understanding of the ecological impact into these ecosystems. Here, we originally combined in situ ecotoxicology and community ecology concepts to unveil the mechanisms structuring macroinvertebrate communities along a regional contamination gradient. The novelty of our study lies in the use of an innovative biomonitoring approach (measurement of metal contents in caged crustaceans) allowing to quantify and compare on a regional scale the levels of bioavailable metal contamination to which stream communities are exposed. We were hence able to identify 23 streams presenting a significant gradient of bioavailable metal contamination within the same catchment area in the South West of France, from which we also obtained data on the composition of resident macroinvertebrate communities. Analyses of structural and functional integrity of communities revealed an unexpected decoupling between taxonomic and functional diversity of communities in response to bioavailable metal contamination. We show that despite the negative impact of bioavailable metal contamination exposure on taxonomic diversity (with an average species loss of 17% in contaminated streams), functional diversity is maintained through a process of non-random species replacement by functional redundant species at the regional scale. Such unanticipated findings call for a deeper characterization of metal-tolerant communities' ability to cope with environmental variability in multi-stressed ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Alric
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625, Villeurbanne, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, AD2M, UMR 7144, F-29680, Roscoff, France.
| | - Olivier Geffard
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Arnaud Chaumot
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625, Villeurbanne, France
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19
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Silva de Miranda PL, Dexter KG, Swaine MD, de Oliveira-Filho AT, Hardy OJ, Fayolle A. Dissecting the difference in tree species richness between Africa and South America. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2112336119. [PMID: 35349336 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112336119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our full-scale comparison of Africa and South America’s lowland tropical tree floras shows that both Africa and South America’s moist and dry tree floras are organized similarly: plant families that are rich in tree species on one continent are also rich in tree species on the other continent, and these patterns hold across moist and dry environments. Moreover, we confirm that there is an important difference in tree species richness between the two continents, which is linked to a few families that are exceptionally diverse in South American moist forests, although dry formations also contribute to this difference. Plant families only present on one of the two continents do not contribute substantially to differences in tree species richness. Differences in species diversity over continental scales represent imprints of evolutionary, ecological, and biogeographic events. Here, we investigate whether the higher tree species richness in South America relative to Africa is due to higher richness in certain taxonomic clades, irrespective of vegetation type, or instead due to higher richness in specific biomes across all taxonomic clades. We used tree species inventory data to address this topic and began by clustering inventories from each continent based on species composition to derive comparable vegetation units. We found that moist forests in South America hold approximately four times more tree species than do moist forests in Africa, supporting previous studies. We also show that dry vegetation types in South America, such as tropical dry forests and savannas, hold twice as many tree species as do those in Africa, even though they cover a much larger area in Africa, at present and over geological time. Overall, we show that the marked species richness difference between South America and Africa is due primarily to a key group of families in the South American Amazon and Atlantic moist forests, which while present and speciose in Africa, are markedly less diverse there. Moreover, we demonstrate that both South American and African tree floras are organized similarly and that speciose families on one continent are likely speciose on the other. Future phylogenetic and functional trait work focusing on these key families should provide further insight into the processes leading to South America’s exceptional plant species diversity.
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20
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Steward AL, Datry T, Langhans SD. The terrestrial and semi-aquatic invertebrates of intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1408-1425. [PMID: 35229438 PMCID: PMC9542210 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES), which cease flow and/or dry at some point, are the most abundant waterways on earth, and are found on every continent. They can support a diverse, and often abundant, terrestrial and semi‐aquatic invertebrate (TSAI) fauna, which has been poorly explored due to its position at the fringe between aquatic and terrestrial disciplines. TSAIs can inhabit a variety of habitat types, including the shoreline, the surface of exposed gravel bars, unsaturated gravels, dry riverbeds, riparian zones, and floodplains. Much less is known about the species composition and ecological roles of TSAIs of IRES than their aquatic counterparts, with TSAIs being largely overlooked in conceptual models, legislation, policy, and ecological monitoring. Herein we review the TSAI literature that has increased substantially over the last decade and present conceptual models describing how TSAIs respond to hydrological changes in IRES. Then, we test these models with data collected during wet and dry phases in IRES from Australia and France. These generic models can be utilised by water managers and policy makers, ensuring that both wet and dry phases are considered in the management and protection of IRES. IRES should be viewed as a habitat continuum through time, with taxa from a pool of aquatic, semi‐aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates inhabiting at any hydrological stage. We call for collaboration among terrestrial and aquatic ecologists to explore these invertebrates and ecosystems further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha L Steward
- Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, GPO Box 2454, Brisbane, QLD, 4001.,Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111
| | - Thibault Datry
- INRAE, UR RIVERLY, centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 rue de la Doua CS70077, Villeurbanne cedex, 69626, France
| | - Simone D Langhans
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, 9220, Denmark
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21
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Ruhl IA, Sheremet A, Smirnova AV, Sharp CE, Grasby SE, Strous M, Dunfield PF. Microbial Functional Diversity Correlates with Species Diversity along a Temperature Gradient. mSystems 2022;:e0099121. [PMID: 35166562 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00991-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial community diversity is often correlated with physical environmental stresses like acidity, salinity, and temperature. For example, species diversity usually declines with increasing temperature above 20°C. However, few studies have examined whether the genetic functional diversity of community metagenomes varies in a similar way as species diversity along stress gradients. Here, we investigated bacterial communities in thermal spring sediments ranging from 21 to 88°C, representing communities of 330 to 3,800 bacterial and archaeal species based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis. Metagenomes were sequenced, and Pfam abundances were used as a proxy for metagenomic functional diversity. Significant decreases in both species diversity and Pfam diversity were observed with increasing temperatures. The relationship between Pfam diversity and species diversity followed a power function with the steepest slopes in the high-temperature, low-diversity region of the gradient. Species additions to simple thermophilic communities added many new Pfams, while species additions to complex mesophilic communities added relatively fewer new Pfams, indicating that species diversity does not approach saturation as rapidly as Pfam diversity does. Many Pfams appeared to have distinct temperature ceilings of 60 to 80°C. This study suggests that temperature stress limits both taxonomic and functional diversity of microbial communities, but in a quantitatively different manner. Lower functional diversity at higher temperatures is probably due to two factors, including (i) the absence of many enzymes not adapted to thermophilic conditions, and (ii) the fact that high-temperature communities are comprised of fewer species with smaller average genomes and, therefore, contain fewer rare functions. IMPORTANCE Only recently have microbial ecologists begun to assess quantitatively how microbial species diversity correlates with environmental factors like pH, temperature, and salinity. However, still, very few studies have examined how the number of distinct biochemical functions of microbial communities, termed functional diversity, varies with the same environmental factors. Our study examined 18 microbial communities sampled across a wide temperature gradient and found that increasing temperature reduced both species and functional diversity, but in different ways. Initially, functional diversity increased sharply with increasing species diversity but eventually plateaued, following a power function. This pattern has been previously predicted in theoretical models, but our study validates this predicted power function with field metagenomic data. This study also presents a unique overview of the distribution of metabolic functions along a temperature gradient, demonstrating that many functions have temperature "ceilings" above which they are no longer found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanushka N Wanasinghe
- Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Peter E Mortimer
- Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jadson D P Bezerra
- Setor de Micologia, Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
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23
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Torquati L, Gajanand T, Cox ER, Willis C, Zaugg J, Keating SE, Coombes JS. Effects of exercise intensity on gut microbiome composition and function in people with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Sport Sci 2022; 23:530-541. [PMID: 35107058 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2035436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is positively associated with higher microbial diversity, but there is limited information on exercise intensity's effect on gut microbiome composition and function in clinical populations. This study examines whether different intensities of exercise exert differential effects on gut microbiome composition and function in low active people with type 2 diabetes.This is a sub-study of the Exercise for Type 2 Diabetes Study, a single centre, prospective, randomised controlled trial. Participants (n=12) completed 8-weeks of combined aerobic and resistance moderate intensity continuous training (C-MICT) or combined aerobic and resistance high-intensity interval training (C-HIIT). Faecal samples were collected before and after intervention to measure gut microbiome composition and metabolic pathways (metagenome shotgun sequencing) and short-chain fatty acids.Post-exercise α-diversity was different between groups as was the relative abundance of specific taxa was (p<0.05). Post-exercise relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, A. municiphila, and butyrate-producers Lachnospira eligens, Enterococcus spp., and Clostridium Cluster IV were higher at lower exercise intensity. Other butyrate-producers (from Eryspelothrichales and Oscillospirales), and methane producer Methanobrevibacter smithii were higher at higher exercise intensity. Pyruvate metabolism (ko00620),COG 'Cell wall membrane envelope biogenesis' and 'Unknown function' pathways were significantly different between groups and higher in C-MICT post-exercise. Differential abundance analysis on KO showed higher expression of Two-component system in C-HIIT. Transcription factors and 'unknown metabolism' related pathways decreased in both groups. There were no significant between group changes in faecal short chain fatty acids.Exercise intensity had a distinct effect on gut microbiome abundance and metabolic function, without impacting short-chain fatty acid outputTrial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry identifier: ACTRN12615000475549..
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Affiliation(s)
- L Torquati
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, United Kingdom
| | - T Gajanand
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia campus 4072, Australia
| | - E R Cox
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia campus 4072, Australia
| | - Crg Willis
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, United Kingdom
| | - J Zaugg
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia campus 4072, Australia
| | - S E Keating
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia campus 4072, Australia
| | - J S Coombes
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia campus 4072, Australia
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24
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Abedi M, Omidipour R, Hosseini SV, Bahalkeh K, Gross N. Fire disturbance effects on plant taxonomic and functional β-diversity mediated by topographic exposure. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8552. [PMID: 35127050 PMCID: PMC8796949 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the diversity-disturbance relationship has been extensively studied, the differences in responses of taxonomic vs. functional diversity to natural disturbances (i.e., fire) call for an improved understanding of this relationship. Here, we investigated how fire disturbance influenced plant taxonomic and functional diversity in Golestan National Park, in northeastern Iran. We evaluated the response of α- and β-plant diversity considering both taxonomic and functional diversity and different β-diversity components (i.e., turnover and nestedness) as a function of fire regime, topographic exposure, and their interactive effect. We considered different indices of functional diversity including functional richness, functional evenness, functional divergence, functional dispersion, Rao's quadratic entropy, and community-weighted mean (CWM). Functional diversity indices were computed using four leaf traits related to species growth strategy and fire response including leaf thickness and leaf length, specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC). Taxonomic and functional diversity had contrasting response to fire disturbance. Fire significantly decreased taxonomic α-diversity similarly in both north and south exposures. β-diversity increased in south exposures but decreased in north exposures. Fire decreased functional richness, increased CWM of SLA, and decreased CWM of LDMC. In contrast, abundance-weighted metrics of functional diversity (functional evenness, functional divergence, functional dispersion, Rao's quadratic entropy) were not impacted by fire disturbance. Finally, the main contributors to heterogeneity were driven by a fire × exposure interaction, suggesting that fire disturbance interacts with topographic exposure. Our results suggest that taxonomic and functional α- and β-diversity have contrasting responses to fire illustrating the need to consider both dimensions to understand how disturbance impacts plant communities. At large spatial scale, species turnover and nestedness appear as essential parameters to maintain species-rich communities in response to fire disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Abedi
- Department of Range ManagementFaculty of Natural Resources and Marine SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoorIran
| | - Reza Omidipour
- Department of Rangeland and Watershed ManagementFaculty of Natural Resources and Earth SciencesShahrekord UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Seyed Vria Hosseini
- Department of Range ManagementFaculty of Natural Resources and Marine SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoorIran
| | - Khadijeh Bahalkeh
- Department of Range ManagementFaculty of Natural Resources and Marine SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityNoorIran
| | - Nicolas Gross
- Université Clermont AuvergneINRAEVetAgro SupUnité Mixte de Recherche Ecosystème PrairialClermont‐FerrandFrance
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25
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Li F, Zhang Y, Altermatt F, Zhang X. Consideration of Multitrophic Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functions Improves Indices on River Ecological Status. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:16434-16444. [PMID: 34882399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological quality elements have been developed worldwide to assess whether a water body is in a good status or not. However, current studies mainly focus on a single taxonomic group or a small set of species, often limited by methods of morphological identification, and lack further aspects of biodiversity (e.g., across taxa and multiple attributes) and ecosystem functions. Here, we advance a framework for assessing the river's ecological status based on complete biodiversity data measured by environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding and measurements of ecosystem functions in addition to physicochemical elements across a large riverine system in China. We identified 40 indicators of biodiversity and ecosystem functions, covering five taxonomic groups from bacteria to invertebrates, and associated with multiple attributes of biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Our data show that human impact on ecosystems could be accurately predicted by these eDNA-based indicators and ecosystem functions, using cross-validation with a known stressor gradient. Moreover, indices based on these indicators of biodiversity and ecosystem functions not only distinguish the physicochemical characteristics of the sites but also improve the assessment accuracy of 20-30% for the river's ecological status. Overall, by incorporating eDNA-based biodiversity with physicochemical and ecosystem functional elements, the multidimensional perspectives of ecosystem states provide additional information to protect and maintain a good ecological status of rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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Greenop A, Woodcock BA, Outhwaite CL, Carvell C, Pywell RF, Mancini F, Edwards FK, Johnson AC, Isaac NJB. Patterns of invertebrate functional diversity highlight the vulnerability of ecosystem services over a 45-year period. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4627-4634.e3. [PMID: 34411527 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Declines in invertebrate biodiversity1,2 pose a significant threat to key ecosystem services.3-5 Current analyses of biodiversity often focus on taxonomic diversity (e.g., species richness),6,7 which does not account for the functional role of a species. Functional diversity of species' morphological or behavioral traits is likely more relevant to ecosystem service delivery than taxonomic diversity, as functional diversity has been found to be a key driver of a number of ecosystem services including decomposition and pollination.8-12 At present, we lack a good understanding of long-term and large-scale changes in functional diversity, which limits our capacity to determine the vulnerability of key ecosystem services with ongoing biodiversity change. Here we derive trends in functional diversity and taxonomic diversity over a 45-year period across Great Britain for species supporting freshwater aquatic functions, pollination, natural pest control, and agricultural pests (a disservice). Species supporting aquatic functions showed a synchronous collapse and recovery in functional and taxonomic diversity. In contrast, pollinators showed an increase in taxonomic diversity, but a decline and recovery in functional diversity. Pest control agents and pests showed greater stability in functional diversity over the assessment period. We also found that functional diversity could appear stable or show patterns of recovery, despite ongoing changes in the composition of traits among species. Our results suggest that invertebrate assemblages can show considerable variability in their functional structure over time at a national scale, which provides an important step in determining the long-term vulnerability of key ecosystem services with ongoing biodiversity change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arran Greenop
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK.
| | - Ben A Woodcock
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Charlotte L Outhwaite
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Claire Carvell
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Richard F Pywell
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Francesca Mancini
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - François K Edwards
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Andrew C Johnson
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Nick J B Isaac
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
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27
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Larson EI, Poff NL, Funk WC, Harrington RA, Kondratieff BC, Morton SG, Flecker AS. A unifying framework for analyzing temporal changes in functional and taxonomic diversity along disturbance gradients. Ecology 2021; 102:e03503. [PMID: 34314030 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Frameworks exclusively considering functional diversity are gaining popularity, as they complement and extend the information provided by taxonomic diversity metrics, particularly in response to disturbance. Taxonomic diversity should be included in functional diversity frameworks to uncover the functional mechanisms causing species loss following disturbance events. We present and test a predictive framework that considers temporal functional and taxonomic diversity responses along disturbance gradients. Our proposed framework allows us to test different multidimensional metrics of taxonomic diversity that can be directly compared to calculated multidimensional functional diversity metrics. It builds on existing functional diversity-disturbance frameworks both by using a gradient approach and by jointly considering taxonomic and functional diversity. We used previously unpublished stream insect community data collected prior to, and for the two years following, an extreme flood event that occurred in 2013. Using 14 northern Colorado mountain streams, we tested our framework and determined that taxonomic diversity metrics calculated using multidimensional methods resulted in concordance between taxonomic and functional diversity responses. By considering functional and taxonomic diversity together and using a gradient approach, we were able to identify some of the mechanisms driving species losses following this extreme disturbance event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin I Larson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA.,Institute for Culture and Environment, Alaska Pacific University, Anchorage, Alaska, 99508, USA
| | - N LeRoy Poff
- Department of Biology & Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA.,Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2617, Australia
| | - W Chris Funk
- Department of Biology & Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Rachel A Harrington
- Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 20460, USA
| | - Boris C Kondratieff
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management & Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Scott G Morton
- Department of Biology & Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Alexander S Flecker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
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Romero-Muñoz A, Fandos G, Benítez-López A, Kuemmerle T. Habitat destruction and overexploitation drive widespread declines in all facets of mammalian diversity in the Gran Chaco. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:755-767. [PMID: 33258510 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global biodiversity is under high and rising anthropogenic pressure. Yet, how the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional facets of biodiversity are affected by different threats over time is unclear. This is particularly true for the two main drivers of the current biodiversity crisis: habitat destruction and overexploitation. We provide the first long-term assessment of multifaceted biodiversity changes caused by these threats for any tropical region. Focussing on larger mammals in South America's 1.1 million km2 Gran Chaco region, we assessed changes in multiple biodiversity facets between 1985 and 2015, determined which threats drive those changes, and identified remaining key areas for all biodiversity facets. Using habitat and threat maps, we found, first, that between 1985 and 2015 taxonomic (TD), phylogenetic (PD) and functional (FD) diversity all declined drastically across over half of the area assessed. FD declined about 50% faster than TD and PD, and these declines were mainly driven by species loss, rather than species turnover. Second, habitat destruction, hunting, and both threats together contributed ~57%, ~37%, and ~6% to overall facet declines, respectively. However, hunting pressure increased where TD and PD declined most strongly, whereas habitat destruction disproportionally contributed to FD declines. Third, just 23% of the Chaco would have to be protected to safeguard the top 17% of all three facets. Our findings uncover a widespread impoverishment of mammal species richness, evolutionary history, and ecological functions across broad areas of the Chaco due to increasing habitat destruction and hunting. Moreover, our results pinpoint key areas that should be preserved and managed to maintain all facets of mammalian diversity across the Chaco. More generally, our work highlights how long-term changes in biodiversity facets can be assessed and attributed to specific threats, to better understand human impacts on biodiversity and to guide conservation planning to mitigate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Romero-Muñoz
- Geography Department, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fundación Cohabitar, Sucre, Bolivia
| | - Guillermo Fandos
- Geography Department, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ana Benítez-López
- Integrative Ecology Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Tobias Kuemmerle
- Geography Department, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Integrative Research Institute on Transformations of Human-Environment Systems (IRI THESys), Berlin, Germany
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Kougioumoutzis K, Kokkoris IP, Panitsa M, Kallimanis A, Strid A, Dimopoulos P. Plant Endemism Centres and Biodiversity Hotspots in Greece. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:72. [PMID: 33498512 PMCID: PMC7909545 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biodiversity hotspots (BH) cover a small fraction of the Earth's surface, yet host numerous endemics. Human-induced biodiversity loss has been increasing worldwide, despite attempts to halt the extinction crisis. There is thus an urgent need to efficiently allocate the available conservation funds in an optimised conservation prioritization scheme. Identifying BH and endemism centres (EC) is therefore a valuable tool in conservation prioritization and planning. Even though Greece is one of the most plant species-rich European countries, few studies have dealt with the identification of BH or EC and none has ever incorporated phylogenetic information or extended to the national scale. Consequently, we are unaware of the extent that Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) of the Natura 2000 network efficiently protect Greek plant diversity. Here, we located for the first time at a national scale and in a phylogenetic framework, the areas serving as BH and EC, and assessed the effectiveness of the Greek SAC in safeguarding them. BH and EC are mainly located near mountainous areas, and in areas supposedly floristically impoverished, such as the central Aegean islands. A critical re-assessment of the Greek SAC might be needed to minimize the extinction risk of the Greek endemics, by focusing the conservation efforts also on the BH and EC that fall outside the established Greek SAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kougioumoutzis
- Division of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Botany, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (I.P.K.); (M.P.); (P.D.)
- Department of Ecology and Systematics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15701 Athens, Greece
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioannis P. Kokkoris
- Division of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Botany, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (I.P.K.); (M.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Maria Panitsa
- Division of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Botany, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (I.P.K.); (M.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Athanasios Kallimanis
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | | | - Panayotis Dimopoulos
- Division of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Botany, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (I.P.K.); (M.P.); (P.D.)
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Gafforov Y, Ordynets A, Langer E, Yarasheva M, de Mello Gugliotta A, Schigel D, Pecoraro L, Zhou Y, Cai L, Zhou LW. Species Diversity With Comprehensive Annotations of Wood-Inhabiting Poroid and Corticioid Fungi in Uzbekistan. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:598321. [PMID: 33362746 PMCID: PMC7756097 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.598321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Uzbekistan, located in Central Asia, harbors high diversity of woody plants. Diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi in the country, however, remained poorly known. This study summarizes the wood-inhabiting basidiomycte fungi (poroid and corticoid fungi plus similar taxa such as Merismodes, Phellodon, and Sarcodon) (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) that have been found in Uzbekistan from 1950 to 2020. This work is based on 790 fungal occurrence records: 185 from recently collected specimens, 101 from herbarium specimens made by earlier collectors, and 504 from literature-based records. All data were deposited as a species occurrence record dataset in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and also summarized in the form of an annotated checklist in this paper. All 286 available specimens were morphologically examined. For 138 specimens, the 114 ITS and 85 LSU nrDNA sequences were newly sequenced and used for phylogenetic analysis. In total, we confirm the presence of 153 species of wood-inhabiting poroid and corticioid fungi in Uzbekistan, of which 31 species are reported for the first time in Uzbekistan, including 19 that are also new to Central Asia. These 153 fungal species inhabit 100 host species from 42 genera of 23 families. Polyporales and Hymenochaetales are the most recorded fungal orders and are most widely distributed around the study area. This study provides the first comprehensively updated and annotated the checklist of wood-inhabiting poroid and corticioid fungi in Uzbekistan. Such study should be expanded to other countries to further clarify species diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi around Central Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusufjon Gafforov
- Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Ecology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Ecology and Botany, Andijan State University, Andijan, Uzbekistan
- Tashkent State Agrarian University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | | | - Ewald Langer
- Department of Ecology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Manzura Yarasheva
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Dmitry Schigel
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), Secretariat, Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lorenzo Pecoraro
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Sciences Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Lei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
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Hurtado P, Prieto M, de Bello F, Aragón G, López-Angulo J, Giordani P, Díaz-Peña EM, Vicente R, Merinero S, Košuthová A, Benesperi R, Bianchi E, Mayrhofer H, Nascimbene J, Grube M, Wedin M, Westberg M, Martínez I. Contrasting Environmental Drivers Determine Biodiversity Patterns in Epiphytic Lichen Communities along a European Gradient. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1913. [PMID: 33271812 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing the ecological impacts of environmental change on biological communities requires knowledge of the factors driving the spatial patterns of the three diversity facets along extensive environmental gradients. We quantified the taxonomic (TD), functional (FD), and phylogenetic diversity (PD) of lichen epiphytic communities in 23 beech forests along Europe to examine their response to environmental variation (climate, habitat quality, spatial predictors) at a continental geographic scale. We selected six traits related to the climatic conditions in forest ecosystems, the water-use strategy and the nutrient uptake, and we built a phylogenetic tree based on four molecular markers. FD and climate determined TD and PD, with spatial variables also affecting PD. The three diversity facets were primarily shaped by distinct critical predictors, with the temperature diurnal range affecting FD and PD, and precipitation of the wettest month determining TD. Our results emphasize the value of FD for explaining part of TD and PD variation in lichen communities at a broad geographic scale, while highlighting that these diversity facets provide complementary information about the communities’ response under changing environmental conditions. Furthermore, traits such as growth form, photobiont type, and reproductive strategy mediated the response of lichen communities to abiotic factors emerging as useful indicators of macroclimatic variations.
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Li F, Altermatt F, Yang J, An S, Li A, Zhang X. Human activities' fingerprint on multitrophic biodiversity and ecosystem functions across a major river catchment in China. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:6867-6879. [PMID: 32936984 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced global change dramatically alters individual aspects of river biodiversity, such as taxonomic, phylogenetic or functional diversity, and is predicted to lead to losses of associated ecosystem functions. Understanding these losses and dependencies are critical to human well-being. Until now, however, most studies have only looked either at individual organismal groups or single functions, and little is known on the effect of human activities on multitrophic biodiversity and on ecosystem multifunctionality in riverine ecosystem. Here we profiled biodiversity from bacteria to invertebrates based on environmental DNA (hereafter, 'eDNA') samples across a major river catchment in China, and analysed their dependencies with multiple ecosystem functions, especially linked to C/N/P-cycling. Firstly, we found a spatial cross-taxon congruence pattern of communities' structure in the network of the Shaying river, which was related to strong environmental filtering due to human land use. Secondly, human land use explained the decline of multitrophic and multifaceted biodiversity and ecosystem functions, but increased functional redundancy in the riverine ecosystem. Thirdly, biodiversity and ecosystem function relationships at an integrative level showed a concave-up (non-saturating) shape. Finally, structural equation modeling suggested that land use affects ecosystem functions through biodiversity-mediated pathways, including biodiversity loss and altered community interdependence in multitrophic groups. Our study highlights the value of a complete and inclusive assessment of biodiversity and ecosystem functions for an integrated land-use management of riverine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jianghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shuqing An
- School of Life Sciences and Institute of Wetland Ecology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Nanjing University Ecology Research Institute of Changshu (NJUecoRICH), Changshu, P. R. China
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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33
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Núñez Salazar R, Aguirre C, Soto J, Salinas P, Salinas C, Prieto H, Paneque M. Physicochemical Parameters Affecting the Distribution and Diversity of the Water Column Microbial Community in the High-Altitude Andean Lake System of La Brava and La Punta. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1181. [PMID: 32756460 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the low incidence of precipitation attributed to climate change, many high-altitude Andean lakes (HAALs) and lagoons distributed along the central Andes in South America may soon disappear. This includes La Brava–La Punta, a brackish lake system located south of the Salar de Atacama within a hyper-arid and halophytic biome in the Atacama Desert. Variations in the physicochemical parameters of the water column can induce changes in microbial community composition, which we aimed to determine. Sixteen sampling points across La Brava–La Punta were studied to assess the influence of water physicochemical properties on the aquatic microbial community, determined via 16S rRNA gene analysis. Parameters such as pH and the concentrations of silica, magnesium, calcium, salinity, and dissolved oxygen showed a more homogenous pattern in La Punta samples, whereas those from La Brava had greater variability; pH and total silica were significantly different between La Brava and La Punta. The predominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. The genera Psychroflexus (36.85%), Thiomicrospira (12.48%), and Pseudomonas (7.81%) were more abundant in La Brava, while Pseudospirillum (20.73%) and Roseovarius (17.20%) were more abundant in La Punta. Among the parameters, pH was the only statistically significant factor influencing the diversity within La Brava lake. These results complement the known microbial diversity and composition in the HAALs of the Atacama Desert.
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Hughes KW, Matheny PB, Miller AN, Petersen RH, Iturriaga TM, Johnson KD, Methven AS, Raudabaugh DB, Swenie RA, Bruns TD. Pyrophilous fungi detected after wildfires in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park expand known species ranges and biodiversity estimates. Mycologia 2020; 112:677-698. [PMID: 32497465 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2020.1740381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Following a late fall wildfire in 2016 in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, pyrophilous fungi in burn zones were documented over a 2-y period with respect to burn severity and phenology. Nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) barcodes were obtained to confirm morphological evaluations. Forty-one taxa of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were identified from burn sites and categorized as fruiting only in response to fire or fruiting enhanced by fire. Twenty-two species of Pezizales (Ascomycota) were among the earliest to form ascomata in severe burn zones, only one of which had previously been documented in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Nineteen species of Basidiomycota, primarily Agaricales, were also documented. Among these, only five species (Coprinellus angulatus, Gymnopilus decipiens, Lyophyllum anthracophilum, Pholiota carbonicola, and Psathyrella pennata) were considered to be obligate pyrophilous taxa, but fruiting of two additional taxa (Hygrocybe conica and Mycena galericulata) was clearly enhanced by fire. Laccaria trichodermophora was an early colonizer of severe burn sites and persisted through the winter of 2017 and into spring and summer of 2018, often appearing in close association with Pinus pungens seedlings. Fruiting of pyrophilous fungi peaked 4-6 mo post fire then diminished, but some continued to fruit up to 2.5 y after the fire. In all, a total of 27 previously unrecorded taxa were added to the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (ATBI) database (~0.9%). Most pyrophilous fungi identified in this study are either cosmopolitan or have a Northern Hemisphere distribution, but cryptic endemic lineages were detected in Anthracobia and Sphaerosporella. One new combination, Hygrocybe spadicea var. spadicea f. odora, is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen W Hughes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - P Brandon Matheny
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Andrew N Miller
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois 61820
| | - Ronald H Petersen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Teresa M Iturriaga
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois 61820.,School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, 334 Plant Science Building , Ithaca, New York 14853-5904
| | - Kristine D Johnson
- Resource Management and Science Division, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 107 Park Headquarters Road, Gatlinburg, Tennessee 37738
| | - Andrew S Methven
- Department of Biology, Savannah State University , 3219 College Street, Savannah, Georgia 31404
| | - Daniel B Raudabaugh
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois 61820.,Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , 606 Champaign, Illinois 61801
| | - Rachel A Swenie
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Thomas D Bruns
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California , Berkeley, California 94520-3102
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Måsviken J, Dalerum F, Cousins SAO. Contrasting altitudinal variation of alpine plant communities along the Swedish mountains. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:4838-4853. [PMID: 32551065 PMCID: PMC7297753 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in abiotic factors along altitudinal and latitudinal gradients cause powerful environmental gradients. The topography of alpine areas generates environmental gradients over short distances, and alpine areas are expected to experience greater temperature increase compared to the global average. In this study, we investigate alpha, beta, and gamma diversity, as well as community structure, of vascular plant communities along altitudinal gradients at three latitudes in the Swedish mountains. Species richness and evenness decreased with altitude, but the patterns within the altitudinal gradient varied between sites, including a sudden decrease at high altitude, a monotonic decrease, and a unimodal pattern. However, we did not observe a decline in beta diversity with altitude at all sites, and plant communities at all sites were spatially nested according to some other factors than altitude, such as the availability of water or microtopographic position. Moreover, the observed diversity patterns did not follow the latitudinal gradient. We observed a spatial modularity according to altitude, which was consistent across sites. Our results suggest strong influences of site-specific factors on plant community composition and that such factors partly may override effects from altitudinal and latitudinal environmental variation. Spatial variation of the observed vascular plant communities appears to have been caused by a combination of processes at multiple spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Måsviken
- Department of ZoologyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Department of Bioinformatics & GeneticsSwedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholmSweden
- Centre for PalaeogeneticsStockholmSweden
| | - Fredrik Dalerum
- Department of ZoologyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UMIB, UO‐CSIC‐PA)University of OviedoMieresSpain
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyMammal Research InstituteUniversity of PretoriaHatfieldSouth Africa
| | - Sara A. O. Cousins
- Biogeography & GeomaticsDepartment of Physical GeographyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
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Munian K, Azman SM, Ruzman NA, Fauzi NFM, Zakaria AN. Diversity and composition of volant and non-volant small mammals in northern Selangor State Park and adjacent forest of Peninsular Malaysia. Biodivers Data J 2020; 8:e50304. [PMID: 32317855 PMCID: PMC7156494 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.8.e50304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Volant and non-volant small mammals from three forest reserves, located inside and outside Selangor State Park, Malaysia, were trapped and documented. A total of five-line transects, each 200 m long and a total of 100 collapsible cage traps, three harp traps and ten mist nets were deployed at each study site to capture rodents and bats species. The presence of 47 species of volant and non-volant mammals was documented with the highest abundant species being Leopoldamys sabanus (n = 61). The Family Vespertilionidae was the most diverse, while Muridae was the most abundant species. Diversity indices have shown forest reserves - Gading Forest Reserve (FR) and Bukit Kutu FR - located in the State Park, have a higher species composition than the impaired adjacent forest reserve, Bukit Tarek FR extension. The taxonomic diversity and taxonomic distinctness of the three forest reserves ranged between 2.433 and 2.610, while the taxonomic distinctness values ranged between 2.638 and 2.748. Even though Gading FR recorded the highest number of species diversity, the Chao 1 diversity estimator and the rarefaction accumulation curve indicated that Bukit Kutu comprised more species. Comparisons between other state parks and national parks in Peninsular Malaysia indicated that Selangor State Park indeed harbours relatively more species of small mammals. Northern Selangor State Park and adjacent forest should be recognised as a conservation priority area, although there are comparatively more species harboured in other regions of the State Park. With the current information on fauna diversity, proper management should be formulated to preserve the existing ecosystems in order to ensure the continuity of fauna diversity in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaviarasu Munian
- Zoology Branch, Forest Biodiversity Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia Zoology Branch, Forest Biodiversity Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia Kepong, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Shahfiz Mohammad Azman
- Zoology Branch, Forest Biodiversity Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia Zoology Branch, Forest Biodiversity Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia Kepong, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Norhazwani Ahmad Ruzman
- Zoology Branch, Forest Biodiversity Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia Zoology Branch, Forest Biodiversity Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia Kepong, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Noor Faradiana Md Fauzi
- Zoology Branch, Forest Biodiversity Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia Zoology Branch, Forest Biodiversity Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia Kepong, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Alwani Nur Zakaria
- Zoology Branch, Forest Biodiversity Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia Zoology Branch, Forest Biodiversity Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia Kepong, Selangor Malaysia
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Wang X, Li FY, Tang K, Wang Y, Suri G, Bai Z, Baoyin T. Land use alters relationships of grassland productivity with plant and arthropod diversity in Inner Mongolian grassland. Ecol Appl 2020; 30:e02052. [PMID: 31837065 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The threats of land-use intensification to biodiversity have motivated considerable research directed toward understanding the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF). Functional diversity is deemed a better indicator than species diversity to clarify the BEF relationships. However, most tests of the BEF relationship have been conducted in highly controlled plant communities, with terrestrial animal communities largely unexplored. Additionally, most BEF studies examined the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functions, with the effects of ecosystem functioning strength on biodiversity hardly considered. Based on a 6-yr grassland experiment in the typical steppe region of Inner Mongolia, we examined the variation of taxonomic diversity (TD) and functional diversity (FD) of both plant and arthropod communities, and their relations with grassland productivity, across three land management types (moderate grazing, mowing, and enclosure). We aimed to clarify the interrelations among plant FD, arthropod FD, grassland productivity, and soil factors. We found the following: (1) Grassland under mowing performed best in terms of sustaining a high TD and FD of plants and arthropods compared to that under grazing and enclosure. (2) The relationships between plant and arthropod diversity and productivity varied with management types. Plant TD and FD were negatively related, whereas arthropod FD was positively related with productivity under enclosure; plant FD, but not arthropod FD, was positively related with productivity under grazing; arthropod FD, but not plant FD, was negatively related with productivity under mowing. (3) Grassland productivity was positively interrelated with plant FD, but not plant TD; and was negatively interrelated with arthropod TD, but not arthropod FD across different management types. The respective positive vs. negative bidirectional relationships of productivity with plant diversity vs. arthropod diversity, were majorly a consequence of divergent grazing/mowing effects on plant vs. arthropod diversity. The results indicate that grazing increases plant diversity, but decreases arthropod diversity, whereas fall mowing provides a management strategy for conservation of both trophic levels. These results also provide new insights into the effects of land-use changes on biodiversity and ecosystem processes, and indicate the importance of incorporating the functional interrelations among different trophic groups in sustainable grassland management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Frank Yonghong Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Kuanyan Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Guga Suri
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Zheng Bai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Taogetao Baoyin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
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Shen M, Li Q, Ren M, Lin Y, Wang J, Chen L, Li T, Zhao J. Trophic Status Is Associated With Community Structure and Metabolic Potential of Planktonic Microbiota in Plateau Lakes. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2560. [PMID: 31787952 PMCID: PMC6853845 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes in various aquatic ecosystems play a key role in global energy fluxes and biogeochemical processes. However, the detailed patterns on the functional structure and the metabolic potential of microbial communities in freshwater lakes with different trophic status remain to be understood. We employed a metagenomics workflow to analyze the correlations between trophic status and planktonic microbiota in freshwater lakes on Yun-Gui Plateau, China. Our results revealed that microbial communities in the eutrophic and mesotrophic-oligotrophic lake ecosystems harbor distinct community structure and metabolic potential. Cyanobacteria were dominant in the eutrophic ecosystems, mainly driving the processes of aerobic respiration, fermentation, nitrogen assimilation, nitrogen mineralization, assimilatory sulfate reduction and sulfur mineralization in this ecosystem group. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria (Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammaproteobacteria), Verrucomicrobia and Planctomycetes, occurred more often in the mesotrophic-oligotrophic ecosystems than those in the eutrophic ecosystems, and these taxa potentially mediate the above metabolic processes. In these two groups of ecosystems, a difference in the abundance of functional genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins significantly contribute to the distinct functional structure of microbiota from surface water. Furthermore, the microbe-mediated metabolic potentials for carbon, nitrogen and sulfur transformation showed differences in the two ecosystem groups. Compared with the mesotrophic-oligotrophic ecosystems, planktonic microbial communities in the eutrophic ecosystems showed higher potential for aerobic carbon fixation, fermentation, methanogenesis, anammox, denitrification, and sulfur mineralization, but they showed lower potential for aerobic respiration, CO oxidation, nitrogen fixation, and assimilatory sulfate reduction. This study offers insights into the relationships of trophic status to planktonic microbial community structure and its metabolic potential, and identifies the main taxa responsible for the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur in freshwater lake environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Minglei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Juanping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographical Processes and Environment Change, School of Tourism and Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jindong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Hanif MA, Guo Z, Moniruzzaman M, He D, Yu Q, Rao X, Liu S, Tan X, Shen W. Plant Taxonomic Diversity Better Explains Soil Fungal and Bacterial Diversity than Functional Diversity in Restored Forest Ecosystems. Plants (Basel) 2019; 8:E479. [PMID: 31698841 DOI: 10.3390/plants8110479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Plant attributes have direct and indirect effects on soil microbes via plant inputs and plant-mediated soil changes. However, whether plant taxonomic and functional diversities can explain the soil microbial diversity of restored forest ecosystems remains elusive. Here, we tested the linkage between plant attributes and soil microbial communities in four restored forests (Acacia species, Eucalyptus species, mixed coniferous species, mixed native species). The trait-based approaches were applied for plant properties and high-throughput Illumina sequencing was applied for fungal and bacterial diversity. The total number of soil microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) varied among the four forests. The highest richness of fungal OTUs was found in the Acacia forest. However, bacterial OTUs were highest in the Eucalyptus forest. Species richness was positively and significantly related to fungal and bacterial richness. Plant taxonomic diversity (species richness and species diversity) explained more of the soil microbial diversity than the functional diversity and soil properties. Prediction of fungal richness was better than that of bacterial richness. In addition, root traits explained more variation than the leaf traits. Overall, plant taxonomic diversity played a more important role than plant functional diversity and soil properties in shaping the soil microbial diversity of the four forests.
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Bruno D, Belmar O, Maire A, Morel A, Dumont B, Datry T. Structural and functional responses of invertebrate communities to climate change and flow regulation in alpine catchments. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:1612-1628. [PMID: 30698905 PMCID: PMC6850064 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and predicting how biological communities respond to climate change is critical for assessing biodiversity vulnerability and guiding conservation efforts. Glacier- and snow-fed rivers are one of the most sensitive ecosystems to climate change, and can provide early warning of wider-scale changes. These rivers are frequently used for hydropower production but there is minimal understanding of how biological communities are influenced by climate change in a context of flow regulation. This study sheds light on this issue by disentangling structural (water temperature preference, taxonomic composition, alpha, beta and gamma diversities) and functional (functional traits, diversity, richness, evenness, dispersion and redundancy) effects of climate change in interaction with flow regulation in the Alps. For this, we compared environmental and aquatic invertebrate data collected in the 1970s and 2010s in regulated and unregulated alpine catchments. We hypothesized a replacement of cold-adapted species by warming-tolerant ones, high temporal and spatial turnover in taxa and trait composition, along with reduced taxonomic and functional diversities in consequence of climate change. We expected communities in regulated rivers to respond more drastically due to additive or synergistic effects between flow regulation and climate change. We found divergent structural but convergent functional responses between free-flowing and regulated catchments. Although cold-adapted taxa decreased in both of them, greater colonization and spread of thermophilic species was found in the free-flowing one, resulting in higher spatial and temporal turnover. Since the 1970s, taxonomic diversity increased in the free flowing but decreased in the regulated catchment due to biotic homogenization. Colonization by taxa with new functional strategies (i.e. multivoltine taxa with small body size, resistance forms, aerial dispersion and reproduction by clutches) increased functional diversity but decreased functional redundancy through time. These functional changes could jeopardize the ability of aquatic communities facing intensification of ongoing climate change or new anthropogenic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bruno
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE‐CSIC)ZaragozaSpain
- IRSTEA, UR MALY, Centre de Lyon‐VilleurbanneVilleurbanneFrance
| | - Oscar Belmar
- Marine and Continental Waters ProgramIRTASant Carles de la RàpitaSpain
| | - Anthony Maire
- EDF R&D, Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et EnvironnementChatouFrance
| | - Adrien Morel
- IRSTEA, UR RECOVER, Centre d'Aix‐en‐ProvenceAix‐en‐ProvenceFrance
| | - Bernard Dumont
- IRSTEA, UR RECOVER, Centre d'Aix‐en‐ProvenceAix‐en‐ProvenceFrance
| | - Thibault Datry
- IRSTEA, UR MALY, Centre de Lyon‐VilleurbanneVilleurbanneFrance
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Le Bagousse-Pinguet Y, Soliveres S, Gross N, Torices R, Berdugo M, Maestre FT. Phylogenetic, functional, and taxonomic richness have both positive and negative effects on ecosystem multifunctionality. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:8419-24. [PMID: 30948639 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815727116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity encompasses multiple attributes such as the richness and abundance of species (taxonomic diversity), the presence of different evolutionary lineages (phylogenetic diversity), and the variety of growth forms and resource use strategies (functional diversity). These biodiversity attributes do not necessarily relate to each other and may have contrasting effects on ecosystem functioning. However, how they simultaneously influence the provision of multiple ecosystem functions related to carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling (multifunctionality) remains unknown. We evaluated the effects of the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional attributes of dominant (mass ratio effects) and subordinate (richness effect) plant species on the multifunctionality of 123 drylands from six continents. Our results highlight the importance of the phylogenetic and functional attributes of subordinate species as key drivers of multifunctionality. In addition to a higher taxonomic richness, we found that simultaneously increasing the richness of early diverging lineages and the functional redundancy between species increased multifunctionality. In contrast, the richness of most recent evolutionary lineages and the functional and phylogenetic attributes of dominant plant species (mass ratio effects) were weakly correlated with multifunctionality. However, they were important drivers of individual nutrient cycles. By identifying which biodiversity attributes contribute the most to multifunctionality, our results can guide restoration efforts aiming to maximize either multifunctionality or particular nutrient cycles, a critical step to combat dryland desertification worldwide.
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Wang L, Zhang G, Xu H, Xin H, Zhang Y. Metagenomic Analyses of Microbial and Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes in the Rumen of Holstein Cows Fed Different Forage-to-Concentrate Ratios. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:649. [PMID: 30984155 PMCID: PMC6449447 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of different forage-to-concentrate ratios and sampling times on the genetic diversity of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and the taxonomic profile of rumen microbial communities in dairy cows. Six ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were arbitrarily divided into groups fed high-forage (HF) or low-forage (LF) diets. The results showed that, for glycoside hydrolase (GH) families, there were greater differences based on dietary forage-to-concentrate ratio than sampling time. The HF treatment group at 4 h after feeding (AF4h) had the most microbial diversity. Genes that encode GHs had the highest number of CAZymes, and accounted for 57.33% and 56.48% of all CAZymes in the HF and LF treatments, respectively. The majority of GH family genes encode oligosaccharide-degrading enzymes, and GH2, GH3, and GH43 were synthesized by a variety of different genera. Notably, we found that GH3 was higher in HF than LF diet samples, and mainly produced by Prevotella, Bacteroides, and unclassified reads. Most predicted cellulase enzymes were encoded by GH5 (the BF0h group under HF treatment was highest) and GH95 (the BF0h group under LF treatment was highest), and were primarily derived from Bacteroides, Butyrivibrio, and Fibrobacter. Approximately 67.5% (GH28) and 65.5% (GH53) of the putative hemicellulases in LF and HF treatments, respectively. GH28 under LF treatment was more abundant than under HF treatment, and was mainly produced by Ruminococcus, Prevotella, and Bacteroides. This study revealed that HF-fed cows had increased microbial diversity of CAZyme producers, which encode enzymes that efficiently degrade plant cell wall polysaccharides in the cow rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hangshu Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yonggen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Li Z, Jiang X, Wang J, Meng X, Heino J, Xie Z. Multiple facets of stream macroinvertebrate alpha diversity are driven by different ecological factors across an extensive altitudinal gradient. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:1306-1322. [PMID: 30805161 PMCID: PMC6374682 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental filtering and spatial structuring are important ecological processes for the generation and maintenance of biodiversity. However, the relative importance of these ecological drivers for multiple facets of diversity is still poorly understood in highland streams. Here, we examined the responses of three facets of stream macroinvertebrate alpha diversity to local environmental, landscape-climate and spatial factors in a near-pristine highland riverine ecosystem. Taxonomic (species richness, Shannon diversity, and evenness), functional (functional richness, evenness, divergence, and Rao's Quadratic entropy), and a proxy of phylogenetic alpha diversity (taxonomic distinctness and variation in taxonomic distinctness) were calculated for macroinvertebrate assemblages in 55 stream sites. Then Pearson correlation coefficient was used to explore congruence of indices within and across the three diversity facets. Finally, multiple linear regression models and variation partitioning were employed to identify the relative importance of different ecological drivers of biodiversity. We found most correlations between the diversity indices within the same facet, and between functional richness and species richness were relatively strong. The two phylogenetic diversity indices were quite independent from taxonomic diversity but correlated with functional diversity indices to some extent. Taxonomic and functional diversity were more strongly determined by environmental variables, while phylogenetic diversity was better explained by spatial factors. In terms of environmental variables, habitat-scale variables describing habitat complexity and water physical features played the primary role in determining the diversity patterns of all three facets, whereas landscape factors appeared less influential. Our findings indicated that both environmental and spatial factors are important ecological drivers for biodiversity patterns of macroinvertebrates in Tibetan streams, although their relative importance was contingent on different facets of diversity. Such findings verified the complementary roles of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity, and highlighted the importance of comprehensively considering multiple ecological drivers for different facets of diversity in biodiversity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco‐hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of ChinaXi’an University of TechnologyXi’anChina
| | - Jun Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xingliang Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jani Heino
- Biodiversity CentreFinnish Environment InstituteOuluFinland
| | - Zhicai Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
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Rightmire GP, Margvelashvili A, Lordkipanidze D. Variation among the Dmanisi hominins: Multiple taxa or one species? Am J Phys Anthropol 2018; 168:481-495. [PMID: 30578552 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is continuing controversy over the number of taxa documented by the Dmanisi hominins. Variation may reflect age and sex differences within a single population. Alternatively, two (or more) distinct species may be present. Our null hypothesis states that just one population is represented at the site. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assess the likely sources of variation in endocranial capacity, craniofacial and mandibular morphology, and the expression of characters related to aging and sex dimorphism. We use the coefficient of variation and a modified version of Levene's test for equal variances to compare trait variation at Dmanisi with that in fossil hominins and modern Homo sapiens from Africa. RESULTS Skull 5 presents a low, massive vault, and a muzzle-like lower face. Other individuals have larger brains and more globular vaults. Despite such variation, the five crania share numerous features. All of the mandibles possess marginal tubercles, mandibular tori, and a distinctive patterning of mental foramina. Relative variation at Dmanisi is comparable to that in selected reference groups. Further growth anticipated in Skull 3, age-related remodeling affecting the D2600 mandible, pathology, and sex dimorphism can account for much of the interindividual variation observed. The preponderance of evidence supports our null hypothesis. DISCUSSION Sources of the variation within ancient Homo assemblages remain poorly understood. Skull 5 is a very robust male, with a brain smaller than that of both a juvenile (Skull 3) and a probable female (Skull 2). Skull 1 has the largest brain, but cranial superstructures do not clearly mark this individual as male or female. It is likely that the Dmanisi hominins represent a single paleospecies of Homo displaying a pattern of sex dimorphism not seen in living hominids.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Philip Rightmire
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Chao A, Chiu CH, Colwell RK, Magnago LFS, Chazdon RL, Gotelli NJ. Deciphering the enigma of undetected species, phylogenetic, and functional diversity based on Good-Turing theory. Ecology 2018; 98:2914-2929. [PMID: 28869780 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Estimating the species, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of a community is challenging because rare species are often undetected, even with intensive sampling. The Good-Turing frequency formula, originally developed for cryptography, estimates in an ecological context the true frequencies of rare species in a single assemblage based on an incomplete sample of individuals. Until now, this formula has never been used to estimate undetected species, phylogenetic, and functional diversity. Here, we first generalize the Good-Turing formula to incomplete sampling of two assemblages. The original formula and its two-assemblage generalization provide a novel and unified approach to notation, terminology, and estimation of undetected biological diversity. For species richness, the Good-Turing framework offers an intuitive way to derive the non-parametric estimators of the undetected species richness in a single assemblage, and of the undetected species shared between two assemblages. For phylogenetic diversity, the unified approach leads to an estimator of the undetected Faith's phylogenetic diversity (PD, the total length of undetected branches of a phylogenetic tree connecting all species), as well as a new estimator of undetected PD shared between two phylogenetic trees. For functional diversity based on species traits, the unified approach yields a new estimator of undetected Walker et al.'s functional attribute diversity (FAD, the total species-pairwise functional distance) in a single assemblage, as well as a new estimator of undetected FAD shared between two assemblages. Although some of the resulting estimators have been previously published (but derived with traditional mathematical inequalities), all taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity estimators are now derived under the same framework. All the derived estimators are theoretically lower bounds of the corresponding undetected diversities; our approach reveals the sufficient conditions under which the estimators are nearly unbiased, thus offering new insights. Simulation results are reported to numerically verify the performance of the derived estimators. We illustrate all estimators and assess their sampling uncertainty with an empirical dataset for Brazilian rain forest trees. These estimators should be widely applicable to many current problems in ecology, such as the effects of climate change on spatial and temporal beta diversity and the contribution of trait diversity to ecosystem multi-functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chao
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, 30043, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Huo Chiu
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, 30043, Taiwan
| | - Robert K Colwell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA.,University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA.,Departmento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CP 131, 74.001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Luiz Fernando S Magnago
- Departamento de Biologia, Setor de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, 37200-000, Brasil
| | - Robin L Chazdon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | - Nicholas J Gotelli
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, 05405, USA
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Lei Y, Zhang K, Guo M, Li G, Li C, Li B, Yang Y, Chen Y, Wang X. Exploring the Spatial-Temporal Microbiota of Compound Stomachs in a Pre-weaned Goat Model. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1846. [PMID: 30158908 PMCID: PMC6104157 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruminant animals possess a characteristic four-compartment stomach (rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum) that is specialized for pre-intestinal digestion of plant materials. Of these four compartments, the rumen is the largest. The rumen's diverse microbial community has been well studied. However, the current understanding of microbial profiles in the reticulum, omasum and abomasum are lacking. In the present study, fluid samples from the reticulum, omasum, and abomasum of goats at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, and 56 days after birth, as well as the negative controls (NC) used for microbial DNA extraction, were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing. By filtering operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in NC, distinct temporal distributions of microbes were observed in the different compartments, we showed that the OTUs in control samples had a large effect to the samples with low microbial density. In addition, Proteobacteria gradually decreased with age from days 3 to 56 in all three compartments, and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes increased from 24.15% (Day 3) to 52.03% (Day 56) in abomasum. Network analysis revealed that Prevotellaceae_UGG-03 and Rikenellaceae_RC9 were positively correlated with Prevotella_1, lending support to the well understood fact that cellulose is well digested in compound stomachs prior to the rumen. Pathway analysis revealed that gene expression in abomasum at Day 3 were primarily related to Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis and Pyruvate metabolism, suggesting that colostrum digestion is the dominant function of the abomasum at an early age. These findings combined with other recent rumen microbiota data show that the microbiome landscape represents three distinct stages in ruminant stomachs. The first stage is to gain access to external microorganisms at Day 0-14, the secondary stage is for microbial transition at Day 14-28, and the third stage is for exogenous and endogenous microbial colonization beyond Day 28 of age. Our results provide insight into microbiota dynamics in ruminant stomachs, and will facilitate efforts for the maintenance of gastrointestinal balance and intervention with starter diets in juvenile ruminants during early development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaolong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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Jyväsjärvi J, Virtanen R, Ilmonen J, Paasivirta L, Muotka T. Identifying taxonomic and functional surrogates for spring biodiversity conservation. Conserv Biol 2018; 32:883-893. [PMID: 29484703 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surrogate approaches are widely used to estimate overall taxonomic diversity for conservation planning. Surrogate taxa are frequently selected based on rarity or charisma, whereas selection through statistical modeling has been applied rarely. We used boosted-regression-tree models (BRT) fitted to biological data from 165 springs to identify bryophyte and invertebrate surrogates for taxonomic and functional diversity of boreal springs. We focused on these 2 groups because they are well known and abundant in most boreal springs. The best indicators of taxonomic versus functional diversity differed. The bryophyte Bryum weigelii and the chironomid larva Paratrichocladius skirwithensis best indicated taxonomic diversity, whereas the isopod Asellus aquaticus and the chironomid Macropelopia spp. were the best surrogates of functional diversity. In a scoring algorithm for priority-site selection, taxonomic surrogates performed only slightly better than random selection for all spring-dwelling taxa, but they were very effective in representing spring specialists, providing a distinct improvement over random solutions. However, the surrogates for taxonomic diversity represented functional diversity poorly and vice versa. When combined with cross-taxon complementarity analyses, surrogate selection based on statistical modeling provides a promising approach for identifying groundwater-dependent ecosystems of special conservation value, a key requirement of the EU Water Framework Directive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Jyväsjärvi
- University of Oulu, Department of Ecology and Genetics, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Risto Virtanen
- University of Oulu, Department of Ecology and Genetics, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Jari Ilmonen
- Metsähallitus, P.O. Box 94, FI-01301, Vantaa, Finland
| | | | - Timo Muotka
- University of Oulu, Department of Ecology and Genetics, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland
- Finnish Environment Institute, Natural Environment Centre, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 413, FI-90014, Finland
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48
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Edie SM, Jablonski D, Valentine JW. Contrasting responses of functional diversity to major losses in taxonomic diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:732-7. [PMID: 29305556 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717636115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxonomic diversity of benthic marine invertebrate shelf species declines at present by nearly an order of magnitude from the tropics to the poles in each hemisphere along the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), most steeply along the western Pacific where shallow-sea diversity is at its tropical maximum. In the Bivalvia, a model system for macroevolution and macroecology, this taxonomic trend is accompanied by a decline in the number of functional groups and an increase in the evenness of taxa distributed among those groups, with maximum functional evenness (FE) in polar waters of both hemispheres. In contrast, analyses of this model system across the two era-defining events of the Phanerozoic, the Permian-Triassic and Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinctions, show only minor declines in functional richness despite high extinction intensities, resulting in a rise in FE owing to the persistence of functional groups. We hypothesize that the spatial decline of taxonomic diversity and increase in FE along the present-day LDG primarily reflect diversity-dependent factors, whereas retention of almost all functional groups through the two mass extinctions suggests the operation of diversity-independent factors. Comparative analyses of different aspects of biodiversity thus reveal strongly contrasting biological consequences of similarly severe declines in taxonomic diversity and can help predict the consequences for functional diversity among different drivers of past, present, and future biodiversity loss.
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Al-Masaudi S, El Kaoutari A, Drula E, Al-Mehdar H, Redwan EM, Lombard V, Henrissat B. A Metagenomics Investigation of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes along the Gastrointestinal Tract of Saudi Sheep. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:666. [PMID: 28473812 PMCID: PMC5397404 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The digestive microbiota of humans and of a wide range of animals has recently become amenable to in-depth studies due to the emergence of DNA-based metagenomic techniques that do not require cultivation of gut microbes. These techniques are now commonly used to explore the feces of humans and animals under the assumption that such samples are faithful proxies for the intestinal microbiota. Sheep (Ovis aries) are ruminant animals particularly adapted to life in arid regions and in particular Najdi, Noaimi (Awassi), and Harrei (Harri) breeds that are raised in Saudi Arabia for milk and/or meat production. Here we report a metagenomics investigation of the distal digestive tract of one animal from each breed that (i) examines the microbiota at three intestinal subsites (small intestine, mid-colon, and rectum), (ii) performs an in-depth analysis of the carbohydrate-active enzymes genes encoded by the microbiota at the three subsites, and (iii) compares the microbiota and carbohydrate-active enzyme profile at the three subsites across the different breeds. For all animals we found that the small intestine is characterized by a lower taxonomic diversity than that of the large intestine and of the rectal samples. Mirroring this observation, we also find that the spectrum of encoded carbohydrate-active enzymes of the mid-colon and rectal sites is much richer than that of the small intestine. However, the number of encoded cellulases and xylanases in the various intestinal subsites was found to be surprisingly low, indicating that the bulk of the fiber digestion is performed upstream in the rumen, and that the carbon source for the intestinal flora is probably constituted of the rumen fungi and bacteria that pass in the intestines. In consequence we argue that ruminant feces, which are often analyzed for the search of microbial genes involved in plant cell wall degradation, are probably a poor proxy for the lignocellulolytic potential of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Al-Masaudi
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdessamad El Kaoutari
- Marseille Cancer Research Center, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille UniversityMarseille, France
| | - Elodie Drula
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7257, Aix-Marseille UniversityMarseille, France.,INRA, USC 1408 AFMBMarseille, France
| | - Hussein Al-Mehdar
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vincent Lombard
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7257, Aix-Marseille UniversityMarseille, France.,INRA, USC 1408 AFMBMarseille, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7257, Aix-Marseille UniversityMarseille, France.,INRA, USC 1408 AFMBMarseille, France
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50
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Zhang Q, Buyantuev A, Li FY, Jiang L, Niu J, Ding Y, Kang S, Ma W. Functional dominance rather than taxonomic diversity and functional diversity mainly affects community aboveground biomass in the Inner Mongolia grassland. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:1605-1615. [PMID: 28261469 PMCID: PMC5330864 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between biodiversity and productivity has been a hot topic in ecology. However, the relative importance of taxonomic diversity and functional characteristics (including functional dominance and functional diversity) in maintaining community productivity and the underlying mechanisms (including selection and complementarity effects) of the relationship between diversity and community productivity have been widely controversial. In this study, 194 sites were surveyed in five grassland types along a precipitation gradient in the Inner Mongolia grassland of China. The relationships between taxonomic diversity (species richness and the Shannon–Weaver index), functional dominance (the community‐weighted mean of four plant traits), functional diversity (Rao's quadratic entropy), and community aboveground biomass were analyzed. The results showed that (1) taxonomic diversity, functional dominance, functional diversity, and community aboveground biomass all increased from low to high precipitation grassland types; (2) there were significant positive linear relationships between taxonomic diversity, functional dominance, functional diversity, and community aboveground biomass; (3) the effect of functional characteristics on community aboveground biomass is greater than that of taxonomic diversity; and (4) community aboveground biomass depends on the community‐weighted mean plant height, which explained 57.1% of the variation in the community aboveground biomass. Our results suggested that functional dominance rather than taxonomic diversity and functional diversity mainly determines community productivity and that the selection effect plays a dominant role in maintaining the relationship between biodiversity and community productivity in the Inner Mongolia grassland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment Inner Mongolia University Hohhot China
| | - Alexander Buyantuev
- Department of Geography and Planning University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY USA
| | - Frank Yonghong Li
- School of Ecology and Environment Inner Mongolia University Hohhot China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biology Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA
| | - Jianming Niu
- School of Ecology and Environment Inner Mongolia University Hohhot China
| | - Yong Ding
- Grassland Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hohhot China
| | - Sarula Kang
- School of Ecology and Environment Inner Mongolia University Hohhot China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- School of Ecology and Environment Inner Mongolia University Hohhot China
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