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Dickinson E, Tomblin E, Rose M, Tate Z, Gottimukkula M, Granatosky MC, Santana SE, Hartstone-Rose A. Ecomorphological correlates of inner and middle ear anatomy within phyllostomid bats. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:2751-2764. [PMID: 36823766 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Echolocation is the primary sense used by most bats to navigate their environment. However, the influence of echolocating behaviors upon the morphology of the auditory apparatus remains largely uninvestigated. While it is known that middle ear ossicle size scales positively with body mass across mammals, and that peak call frequency scales negatively with body mass among bats, there are still large gaps in our understanding of the degree to which allometry or ecology influences the morphology of the chiropteran auditory apparatus. To investigate this, we used μCT datasets to quantify three morphological components of the inner and middle ear: ossicle size, ossicle shape, and cochlear spirality. These data were collected across 27 phyllostomid species, spanning a broad range of body sizes, habitats, and dietary categories, and the relationships between these variables and ear morphology were assessed using a comparative phylogenetic approach. Ossicle size consistently scaled with strong negative allometry relative to body mass. Cochlear spirality was significantly (p = .025) associated with wing aspect ratio (a proxy for habitat use) but was not associated with body mass. From a morphological perspective, the malleus and incus exhibited some variation in kind with diet and call frequency, while stapes morphology is more closely tied to body size. Future work will assess these relationships within other chiropteran lineages, and investigate potential morphological differences in the middle and inner ear of echolocating-vs-non-echolocating taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Dickinson
- Department of Anatomy, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York, USA
| | - Emily Tomblin
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Madison Rose
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zoe Tate
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mihika Gottimukkula
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael C Granatosky
- Department of Anatomy, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York, USA
| | - Sharlene E Santana
- Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Adam Hartstone-Rose
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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2
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Raposeira H, Horta P, Heleno R, Rebelo H. Changing with the times: Seasonal environmental gradients unveil dynamic bat assemblages and vulnerability. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10246. [PMID: 37470030 PMCID: PMC10352094 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the temporal and spatial dynamics of biological communities in response to biotic and abiotic drivers is essential to predict the effects of environmental change on biodiversity. Similarly, estimating species vulnerability in the face of such dynamics is crucial for implementing effective conservation actions. We explored how bat diversity changes over the year across an altitudinal gradient and identified the environmental drivers that shape bat communities. By analysing species' marginality within the biophysical niche space, we evaluated bats' vulnerability to foreseeable environmental changes. Our results suggest that altitude, the proportion of forest cover and shrub cover are the main drivers shaping bat communities year-round. Additionally, while some bat species are restricted to a single ecological assemblage (or ecological preferences group), others show greater plasticity throughout the year. Importantly, we found that although bats associated with highland habitats and forests could be particularly vulnerable to environmental changes (in particular Myotis mystacinus), this vulnerability correlates poorly with their national conservation status. We suggest that species' ecological plasticity is critical for the resilience of biological communities exposed to environmental changes and should be considered when planning tailored conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Raposeira
- CIBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO Associated LaboratoryUniversity of PortoVairãoPortugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- OII – Observatory Inovation ResearchLinharesPortugal
- Department of Life Sciences, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Center for Functional EcologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOVairãoPortugal
| | - Pedro Horta
- CIBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO Associated LaboratoryUniversity of PortoVairãoPortugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- OII – Observatory Inovation ResearchLinharesPortugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOVairãoPortugal
| | - Ruben Heleno
- Department of Life Sciences, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Center for Functional EcologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Hugo Rebelo
- CIBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO Associated LaboratoryUniversity of PortoVairãoPortugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOVairãoPortugal
- ESS, Instituto Politécnico de SetúbalSetúbalPortugal
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3
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Deeley S, Kang L, Michalak P, Hallerman E, Ford WM. DNA Metabarcoding-Based Evaluation of the Diet of Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus Fuscus) in the Mid-Atlantic Region. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2023. [DOI: 10.1656/045.029.0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Deeley
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Annapolis, MD 21401
| | - Lin Kang
- Biomedical Research, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Monroe, LA 71203
| | - Pawel Michalak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA–MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - Eric Hallerman
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - W. Mark Ford
- US Geological Survey, Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061
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4
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Devnath P, Karah N, Graham JP, Rose ES, Asaduzzaman M. Evidence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bats and Its Planetary Health Impact for Surveillance of Zoonotic Spillover Events: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:243. [PMID: 36612565 PMCID: PMC9819402 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as other outbreaks, such as SARS and Ebola, bats are recognized as a critical species for mediating zoonotic infectious disease spillover events. While there is a growing concern of increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally during this pandemic, knowledge of AMR circulating between bats and humans is limited. In this paper, we have reviewed the evidence of AMR in bats and discussed the planetary health aspect of AMR to elucidate how this is associated with the emergence, spread, and persistence of AMR at the human-animal interface. The presence of clinically significant resistant bacteria in bats and wildlife has important implications for zoonotic pandemic surveillance, disease transmission, and treatment modalities. We searched MEDLINE through PubMed and Google Scholar to retrieve relevant studies (n = 38) that provided data on resistant bacteria in bats prior to 30 September 2022. There is substantial variability in the results from studies measuring the prevalence of AMR based on geographic location, bat types, and time. We found all major groups of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in bats, which are resistant to commonly used antibiotics. The most alarming issue is that recent studies have increasingly identified clinically significant multi-drug resistant bacteria such as Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), ESBL producing, and Colistin resistant Enterobacterales in samples from bats. This evidence of superbugs abundant in both humans and wild mammals, such as bats, could facilitate a greater understanding of which specific pathways of exposure should be targeted. We believe that these data will also facilitate future pandemic preparedness as well as global AMR containment during pandemic events and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Popy Devnath
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Nabil Karah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jay P. Graham
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Elizabeth S. Rose
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Muhammad Asaduzzaman
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 450 Oslo, Norway
- Planetary Health Alliance, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Planetary Health Working Group, Be-Cause Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
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5
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O'Rourke D, Rouillard NP, Parise KL, Foster JT. Spatial and temporal variation in New Hampshire bat diets. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14334. [PMID: 35995911 PMCID: PMC9395357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17631-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Insectivorous bats consume a diverse array of arthropod prey, with diets varying by bat species, sampling location, and season. North American bat diets remain incompletely described, which is concerning at a time when many bat and insect populations appear to be declining. Understanding the variability in foraging is thus an essential component for effective bat conservation. To comprehensively evaluate local foraging, we assessed the spatial and temporal variability in prey consumed by the little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus, in New Hampshire, USA. We collected bat guano samples from 20 sites over 2 years and analyzed sequence data for 899 of these samples using a molecular metabarcoding approach targeting the cytochrome oxidase I subunit (COI) gene. Some prey items were broadly shared across locations and sampling dates, with the most frequently detected arthropod orders broadly similar to previous morphological and molecular analyses; at least one representative sequence variant was assigned to Coleoptera in 92% of samples, with other frequently detected orders including Diptera (73%), Lepidoptera (65%), Trichoptera (38%), and Ephemeroptera (32%). More specifically, two turf and forest pests were routinely detected: white grubs in the genus Phyllophaga (50%), and the Asiatic Garden beetle, Maladera castanea (36%). Despite the prevalence of a few taxa shared among many samples and distinct seasonal peaks in consumption of specific arthropods, diet composition varied both temporally and spatially. However, species richness did not strongly vary indicating consumption of a broad diversity of taxa throughout the summer. These data characterize little brown bats as flexible foragers adept at consuming a broad array of locally available prey resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon O'Rourke
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA. .,Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
| | - Nicholas P Rouillard
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Katy L Parise
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.,Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Foster
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.,Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
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6
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Kohles JE, O'Mara MT, Dechmann DKN. A conceptual framework to predict social information use based on food ephemerality and individual resource requirements. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:2039-2056. [PMID: 35932159 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Environmental variability poses a range of challenges to foraging animals trying to meet their energetic needs. Where food patches are unpredictable but shareable, animals can use social information to locate patches more efficiently or reliably. However, resource unpredictability can be heterogeneous and complex. The behavioural strategies animals employ to exploit such resources also vary, particularly if, when, and where animals use available social information. We reviewed the literature on social information use by foraging animals and developed a novel framework that integrates four elements - (1) food resource persistence; (2) the relative value of social information use; (3) behavioural context (opportunistic or coordinated); and (4) location of social information use - to predict and characterize four strategies of social information use - (1) local enhancement; (2) group facilitation; (3) following; and (4) recruitment. We validated our framework by systematically reviewing the growing empirical literature on social foraging in bats, an ideal model taxon because they exhibit extreme diversity in ecological niche and experience low predation risk while foraging but function at high energy expenditures, which selects for efficient foraging behaviours. Our framework's predictions agreed with the observed natural behaviour of bats and identified key knowledge gaps for future studies. Recent advancements in technology, methods, and analysis will facilitate additional studies in bats and other taxa to further test the framework and our conception of the ecological and evolutionary forces driving social information use. Understanding the links between food distribution, social information use, and foraging behaviour will help elucidate social interactions, group structure, and the evolution of sociality for species across the animal kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna E Kohles
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany.,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - M Teague O'Mara
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama.,Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, 808 N. Pine Street, Hammond, LA, 70402, USA
| | - Dina K N Dechmann
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany.,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
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7
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Mammal 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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8
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Sedlock JL, Gomes DGE, Rubin JJ, Woody S, Hadi BAR, Barber JR. A phantom ultrasonic insect chorus repels low‐flying bats, but most are undeterred. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dylan G. E. Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences Boise State University Boise ID USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies Hatfield Marine Science CenterOregon State University Newport OR USA
| | - Juliette J. Rubin
- Department of Biological Sciences Boise State University Boise ID USA
| | - Sarah Woody
- Biology Department Lawrence University Appleton WI USA
| | - Buyung A. R. Hadi
- Sustainable Impact Platform International Rice Research Institute Los Baños Philippines
| | - Jesse R. Barber
- Department of Biological Sciences Boise State University Boise ID USA
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9
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Mata VA, da Silva LP, Veríssimo J, Horta P, Raposeira H, McCracken GF, Rebelo H, Beja P. Combining DNA metabarcoding and ecological networks to inform conservation biocontrol by small vertebrate predators. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02457. [PMID: 34529299 PMCID: PMC9285058 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In multifunctional landscapes, diverse communities of flying vertebrate predators provide vital services of insect pest control. In such landscapes, conservation biocontrol should benefit service-providing species to enhance the flow, stability and resilience of pest control services supporting the production of food and fiber. However, this would require identifying key service providers, which may be challenging when multiple predators interact with multiple pests. Here we provide a framework to identify the functional role of individual species to pest control in multifunctional landscapes. First, we used DNA metabarcoding to provide detailed data on pest species predation by diverse predator communities. Then, these data were fed into an extensive network analysis, in which information relevant for conservation biocontrol is gained from parameters describing network structure (e.g., modularity) and species roles in such network (e.g., centrality, specialization). We applied our framework to a Mediterranean landscape, where 19 bat species were found to feed on 132 insect pest species. Metabarcoding data revealed potentially important bats that consumed insect pest species in high frequency and/or diversity. Network analysis showed a modular structure, indicating sets of bat species that are required to regulate specific sets of insect pests. A few generalist bats had particularly important roles, either at network or module levels. Extinction simulations highlighted six bats, including species of conservation concern, which were sufficient to ensure that over three-quarters of the pest species had at least one bat predator. Combining DNA metabarcoding and ecological network analysis provides a valuable framework to identify individual species within diverse predator communities that might have a disproportionate contribution to pest control services in multifunctional landscapes. These species can be regarded as candidate targets for conservation biocontrol, although additional information is needed to evaluate their actual effectiveness in pest regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A. Mata
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório AssociadoCampus de Vairão, Universidade of PortoVairão4485‐661Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIO, Campus de VairãoVairão4485‐661Portugal
| | - Luis P. da Silva
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório AssociadoCampus de Vairão, Universidade of PortoVairão4485‐661Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIO, Campus de VairãoVairão4485‐661Portugal
| | - Joana Veríssimo
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório AssociadoCampus de Vairão, Universidade of PortoVairão4485‐661Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIO, Campus de VairãoVairão4485‐661Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade do PortoPorto4099‐002Portugal
| | - Pedro Horta
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório AssociadoCampus de Vairão, Universidade of PortoVairão4485‐661Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIO, Campus de VairãoVairão4485‐661Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade do PortoPorto4099‐002Portugal
| | - Helena Raposeira
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório AssociadoCampus de Vairão, Universidade of PortoVairão4485‐661Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIO, Campus de VairãoVairão4485‐661Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade do PortoPorto4099‐002Portugal
| | - Gary F. McCracken
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennessee37996‐1610USA
| | - Hugo Rebelo
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório AssociadoCampus de Vairão, Universidade of PortoVairão4485‐661Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIO, Campus de VairãoVairão4485‐661Portugal
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório AssociadoInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaLisboa1349‐017Portugal
| | - Pedro Beja
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório AssociadoCampus de Vairão, Universidade of PortoVairão4485‐661Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIO, Campus de VairãoVairão4485‐661Portugal
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório AssociadoInstituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaLisboa1349‐017Portugal
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10
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Gomes DGE, Toth CA, Bateman CC, Francis CD, Kawahara AY, Barber JR. Experimental river noise alters arthropod abundance. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan G. E. Gomes
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Boise State Univ. Boise ID USA
- Cooperative Inst. for Marine Resources Studies – Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State Univ. Newport OR USA
| | - Cory A. Toth
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Boise State Univ. Boise ID USA
| | - Craig C. Bateman
- Florida Museum of Natural History, McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Univ. of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Clinton D. Francis
- Dept of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State Univ. San Luis Obispo CA USA
| | - Akito Y. Kawahara
- Florida Museum of Natural History, McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Univ. of Florida Gainesville FL USA
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11
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Gomes DGE, Toth CA, Cole HJ, Francis CD, Barber JR. Phantom rivers filter birds and bats by acoustic niche. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3029. [PMID: 34031384 PMCID: PMC8144611 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural sensory environments, despite strong potential for structuring systems, have been neglected in ecological theory. Here, we test the hypothesis that intense natural acoustic environments shape animal distributions and behavior by broadcasting whitewater river noise in montane riparian zones for two summers. Additionally, we use spectrally-altered river noise to explicitly test the effects of masking as a mechanism driving patterns. Using data from abundance and activity surveys across 60 locations, over two full breeding seasons, we find that both birds and bats avoid areas with high sound levels, while birds avoid frequencies that overlap with birdsong, and bats avoid higher frequencies more generally. We place 720 clay caterpillars in willows, and find that intense sound levels decrease foraging behavior in birds. For bats, we deploy foraging tests across 144 nights, consisting of robotic insect-wing mimics, and speakers broadcasting bat prey sounds, and find that bats appear to switch hunting strategies from passive listening to aerial hawking as sound levels increase. Natural acoustic environments are an underappreciated niche axis, a conclusion that serves to escalate the urgency of mitigating human-created noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. G. E. Gomes
- grid.184764.80000 0001 0670 228XBoise State University, Boise, ID USA
| | - C. A. Toth
- grid.184764.80000 0001 0670 228XBoise State University, Boise, ID USA
| | - H. J. Cole
- grid.184764.80000 0001 0670 228XBoise State University, Boise, ID USA
| | - C. D. Francis
- grid.253547.2000000012222461XCalifornia Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA USA
| | - J. R. Barber
- grid.184764.80000 0001 0670 228XBoise State University, Boise, ID USA
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12
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van Zinnicq Bergmann MPM, Postaire BD, Gastrich K, Heithaus MR, Hoopes LA, Lyons K, Papastamatiou YP, Schneider EVC, Strickland BA, Talwar BS, Chapman DD, Bakker J. Elucidating shark diets with DNA metabarcoding from cloacal swabs. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 21:1056-1067. [PMID: 33527665 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Animal dietary information provides the foundation for understanding trophic relationships, which is essential for ecosystem management. Yet, in marine systems, high-resolution diet reconstruction tools are currently under-developed. This is particularly pertinent for large marine vertebrates, for which direct foraging behaviour is difficult or impossible to observe and, due to their conservation status, the collection of stomach contents at adequate sample sizes is frequently impossible. Consequently, the diets of many groups, such as sharks, have largely remained unresolved. To address this knowledge gap, we applied metabarcoding to prey DNA in faecal residues (fDNA) collected on cotton swabs from the inside of a shark's cloaca. We used a previously published primer set targeting a small section of the 12S rRNA mitochondrial gene to amplify teleost prey species DNA. We tested the utility of this method in a controlled feeding experiment with captive juvenile lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) and on free-ranging juvenile bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas). In the captive trial, we successfully isolated and correctly identified teleost prey DNA without incurring environmental DNA contamination from the surrounding seawater. In the field, we were able to reconstruct high-resolution teleost dietary information from juvenile C. leucas fDNA that was generally consistent with expectations based on published diet studies of this species. While further investigation is needed to validate the method for larger sharks and other species, it is expected to be broadly applicable to aquatic vertebrates and provides an opportunity to advance our understanding of trophic interactions in marine and freshwater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurits P M van Zinnicq Bergmann
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA.,Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, Bimini, The Bahamas
| | - Bautisse D Postaire
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kirk Gastrich
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michael R Heithaus
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Yannis P Papastamatiou
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Eric V C Schneider
- Exuma Sound Ecosystem Research Project, Cape Eleuthera Institute, Eleuthera, The Bahamas
| | - Bradley A Strickland
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Brendan S Talwar
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA.,Exuma Sound Ecosystem Research Project, Cape Eleuthera Institute, Eleuthera, The Bahamas
| | - Demian D Chapman
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Judith Bakker
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
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13
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Tang K, Xie F, Liu H, Pu Y, Chen D, Qin B, Fu C, Wang Q, Chen S, Guo K. DNA metabarcoding provides insights into seasonal diet variations in Chinese mole shrew ( Anourosorex squamipes) with potential implications for evaluating crop impacts. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:376-389. [PMID: 33437436 PMCID: PMC7790647 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet analysis of potential small mammals pest species is important for understanding feeding ecology and evaluating their impact on crops and stored foods. Chinese mole shrew (Anourosorex squamipes), distributed in Southwest China, has previously been reported as a farmland pest. Effective population management of this species requires a better understanding of its diet, which can be difficult to determine with high taxonomic resolution using conventional microhistological methods. In this study, we used two DNA metabarcoding assays to identify 38 animal species and 65 plant genera from shrew stomach contents, which suggest that A. squamipes is an omnivorous generalist. Earthworms are the most prevalent (>90%) and abundant (>80%) food items in the diverse diet of A. squamipes. Species of the Fabaceae (frequency of occurrence [FO]: 88%; such as peanuts) and Poaceae (FO: 71%; such as rice) families were the most common plant foods identified in the diet of A. squamipes. Additionally, we found a seasonal decrease in the diversity and abundance of invertebrate foods from spring and summer to winter. Chinese mole shrew has a diverse and flexible diet throughout the year to adapt to seasonal variations in food availability, contributing to its survival even when food resources are limited. This study provides a higher resolution identification of the diet of A. squamipes than has been previously described and is valuable for understanding shrew feeding ecology as well as evaluating possible species impacts on crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke‐yi Tang
- College of Life SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
| | - Fei Xie
- College of Life SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hong‐yi Liu
- College of Biology and the EnvironmentNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ying‐ting Pu
- College of Life SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Life SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
| | - Bo‐xin Qin
- College of Life SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chang‐kun Fu
- College of Life SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qiong Wang
- College of Life SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shun‐de Chen
- College of Life SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ke‐ji Guo
- Central South Inventory and Planning Institute of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationChangshaChina
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14
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Gomes DGE, Hesselberg T, Barber JR. Phantom river noise alters orb‐weaving spider abundance, web size and prey capture. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan G. E. Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences Boise State University Boise ID USA
| | | | - Jesse R. Barber
- Department of Biological Sciences Boise State University Boise ID USA
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15
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Hemprich-Bennett DR, Oliveira HFM, Le Comber SC, Rossiter SJ, Clare EL. Assessing the impact of taxon resolution on network structure. Ecology 2020; 102:e03256. [PMID: 33226629 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Constructing ecological networks has become an indispensable approach in understanding how different taxa interact. However, the methods used to generate data in network research vary widely among studies, potentially limiting our ability to compare results meaningfully. In particular, methods of classifying nodes vary in their precision, likely altering the architecture of the network studied. For example, rather than being classified as Linnaean species, taxa are regularly assigned to morphospecies in observational studies, or to molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) in molecular studies, with the latter defined based on an arbitrary threshold of sequence similarity. Although the use of MOTUs in ecological networks holds great potential, especially for allowing rapid construction of large data sets of interactions, it is unclear how the choice of clustering threshold can influence the conclusions obtained. To test the impact of taxonomic precision on network architecture, we obtained and analyzed 16 data sets of ecological interactions, inferred from metabarcoding and observations. Our comparisons of networks constructed under a range of sequence thresholds for assigning taxa demonstrate that even small changes in node resolution can cause wide variation in almost all key metric values. Moreover, relative values of commonly used metrics such as robustness were seen to fluctuate continuously with node resolution, thereby potentially causing error in conclusions drawn when comparing multiple networks. In observational networks, we found that changing node resolution could, in some cases, lead to substantial changes to measurements of network topology. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of classifying nodes to the greatest precision possible, and demonstrate the need for caution when comparing networks that differ with respect to node resolution, even where taxonomic groups and interaction types are similar. In such cases, we recommend that comparisons of networks should focus on relative differences rather than absolute values between the networks studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Hemprich-Bennett
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.,Department of Zoology, Zoology Research and Administration Building, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - Hernani F M Oliveira
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Steven C Le Comber
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Stephen J Rossiter
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Elizabeth L Clare
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
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16
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Mayberry HW, McMillan MR, Chochinov AV, Hinds JC, Ratcliffe JM. Potential foraging niche release in insectivorous bat species relatively unaffected by white-nose syndrome? CAN J ZOOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2019-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
White-nose syndrome (WNS) has rendered four of Ontario’s species endangered, while leaving the other four species relatively unaffected. The causes and extent of the declines have been widely studied. The influence on remaining bat species has not. Comparing acoustic data recorded ∼10 years apart, we evaluated how species in southeastern Ontario, Canada, use different foraging habitats pre- and post-WNS detection. We observed activity declines in now-endangered species over open fields (small-footed myotis, Myotis leibii (Audubon and Bachman, 1842); little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus (Le Conte, 1831); northern myotis, Myotis septentrionalis (Trouessart, 1897); tricolored bat, Perimyotis subflavus (F. Cuvier, 1832)) and speculate that the reduction of the once most common species (M. lucifugus) may have resulted in other species searching for prey in habitat once dominated by M. lucifugus. That is, these changes may have allowed greater presence in open field and clutter or edge environments by the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1796)) and three migratory species (silver-haired bat, Lasionycteris noctivagans (Le Conte, 1831); red bat, Lasiurus borealis (Müller, 1776); hoary bat, Lasiurus cinereus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1796)). However, our results also suggest that (i) while the decline of most resident bat species due to WNS may have relaxed competition for relatively unaffected species in some, but not all habitats, that (ii) sensory and biomechanical constraints may limit prey exploitation by these less-affected bat species in these habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather W. Mayberry
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - M. Reese McMillan
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - A. Vikram Chochinov
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, 22 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada
| | - Joshua C. Hinds
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - John M. Ratcliffe
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
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17
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Kent CM, Sherry TW. Behavioral niche partitioning reexamined: Do behavioral differences predict dietary differences in warblers? Ecology 2020; 101:e03077. [PMID: 32304223 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral niche partitioning is an important and widely assumed mechanism for the coexistence of ecologically similar species. Here we assessed this mechanism by testing its core assumption, that evolved differences in foraging behavior correspond with differences in resources consumed. We combined data on foraging behavior, available prey, and observed diets of five coexisting species of New World wood warblers (Parulidae), a system that has been foundational to our understanding of behavioral niche partitioning. Consistent with past work, we found that the five species differed markedly in their foraging behavior, enough that some species pairs hardly overlapped at all in foraging microhabitat. In contrast, the birds overlapped highly in diet, while exhibiting small, interpretable differences in resource use. The high overlap resulted mostly from all five species consuming numerous ants, a prey source that moves between microhabitats. To test the prediction that the large differences in foraging behavior explain the small dietary differences, we generated expected diets based on available prey and foraging microhabitat use. Consistent with niche partitioning as a coexistence mechanism, we found that the small dietary differences were explained by a combination of foraging microhabitat and available prey, but this pattern was driven by only a small number of prey taxa. Thus, we found mixed support for behavioral niche partitioning. Our results indicate that foraging behavior among these bird species helps explain subtle variation in diet, potentially facilitating coexistence. However, our results also revealed a weak relationship between foraging behavior and resource partitioning. Consequently, studies that rely solely on foraging behavior may greatly overestimate the degree of niche differentiation leading to erroneous conclusions. Overall, this study calls into question how and why these differences in foraging behavior evolved, and what role if any they play in facilitating coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody M Kent
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70118, USA
| | - Thomas W Sherry
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70118, USA
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18
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Dong L, Shi M, Xu S, Sun Q, Pan G, Yao L, Zhu C. Surface construction of fluorinated TiO2 nanotube networks to develop uvioresistant superhydrophobic aramid fabric. RSC Adv 2020; 10:22578-22585. [PMID: 35514588 PMCID: PMC9054610 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03120h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor ultraviolet (UV) resistance and good hydrophilicity lead to light aging of aramid fabrics and cause heat damage to the human body. This scenario occurs when the absorbed water by the fabric evaporates and forms high-temperature water vapor in a high-temperature fire environment, which may scald the human body. Herein, a superhydrophobic hollow TNT network structure was built on surfaces of aramid fibers by surface coating fluorinated TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) to develop an air-permeable, UV-protective, and superhydrophobic coating. The as-prepared superhydrophobic aramid fabric exhibited highly superhydrophobic properties against various solutions of sauce, coffee, methylene blue, active red, Au nanoparticles, Ag nanoparticles, HCl, and NaOH with liquid contact angles up to 152–160°. In addition, the superhydrophobic fabric exhibited excellent UV aging resistance (UV protection factor was 100+; 74.58% of strength retention for 24 h of UV radiation compared with 55.15% of untreated fabric), a self-cleaning function against solid soil, and original wearing characteristics, including good breaking strength and air permeability. The developed superhydrophobic coating technology may promote practical application in high-temperature environments for aramid fabrics due to its good UV resistance, chemical resistance, poromericity, superhydrophobicity, anti-fouling, and self-cleaning properties. A superhydrophobic hollow TNT network structure was built on surfaces of aramid fibers by surface coating fluorinated TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) to develop an air-permeable, UV-protective, and superhydrophobic coating.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Dong
- School of Textile and Clothing
- Nantong University
- Nantong 226019
- P. R. China
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology
| | - Min Shi
- School of Textile and Clothing
- Nantong University
- Nantong 226019
- P. R. China
| | - Sijun Xu
- School of Textile and Clothing
- Nantong University
- Nantong 226019
- P. R. China
| | - Qilong Sun
- School of Textile and Clothing
- Nantong University
- Nantong 226019
- P. R. China
| | - Gangwei Pan
- School of Textile and Clothing
- Nantong University
- Nantong 226019
- P. R. China
| | - Lirong Yao
- School of Textile and Clothing
- Nantong University
- Nantong 226019
- P. R. China
| | - Chunhong Zhu
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology
- Shinshu University
- Ueda
- Japan
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19
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da Silva LP, Mata VA, Lopes PB, Pereira P, Jarman SN, Lopes RJ, Beja P. Advancing the integration of multi-marker metabarcoding data in dietary analysis of trophic generalists. Mol Ecol Resour 2019; 19:1420-1432. [PMID: 31332947 PMCID: PMC6899665 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The application of DNA metabarcoding to dietary analysis of trophic generalists requires using multiple markers in order to overcome problems of primer specificity and bias. However, limited attention has been given to the integration of information from multiple markers, particularly when they partly overlap in the taxa amplified, and vary in taxonomic resolution and biases. Here, we test the use of a mix of universal and specific markers, provide criteria to integrate multi‐marker metabarcoding data and a python script to implement such criteria and produce a single list of taxa ingested per sample. We then compare the results of dietary analysis based on morphological methods, single markers, and the proposed combination of multiple markers. The study was based on the analysis of 115 faeces from a small passerine, the Black Wheatears (Oenanthe leucura). Morphological analysis detected far fewer plant taxa (12) than either a universal 18S marker (57) or the plant trnL marker (124). This may partly reflect the detection of secondary ingestion by molecular methods. Morphological identification also detected far fewer taxa (23) than when using 18S (91) or the arthropod markers IN16STK (244) and ZBJ (231), though each method missed or underestimated some prey items. Integration of multi‐marker data provided far more detailed dietary information than any single marker and estimated higher frequencies of occurrence of all taxa. Overall, our results show the value of integrating data from multiple, taxonomically overlapping markers in an example dietary data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís P da Silva
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,CEF, Center for Functional Ecology - Science for People & the Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vanessa A Mata
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Paulo Pereira
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Simon N Jarman
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Environomics Future Science Platform, CSIRO National Collections and Marine Infrastructure, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Ricardo J Lopes
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Pedro Beja
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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20
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Hügel T, Goerlitz HR. Species‐specific strategies increase unpredictability of escape flight in eared moths. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Hügel
- Acoustic and Functional Ecology Group Max Planck Institute for Ornithology Seewiesen Germany
| | - Holger R. Goerlitz
- Acoustic and Functional Ecology Group Max Planck Institute for Ornithology Seewiesen Germany
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