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Simpfendorfer CA, Heithaus MR, Heupel MR, MacNeil MA, Meekan M, Harvey E, Sherman CS, Currey-Randall LM, Goetze JS, Kiszka JJ, Rees MJ, Speed CW, Udyawer V, Bond ME, Flowers KI, Clementi GM, Valentin-Albanese J, Adam MS, Ali K, Asher J, Aylagas E, Beaufort O, Benjamin C, Bernard ATF, Berumen ML, Bierwagen S, Birrell C, Bonnema E, Bown RMK, Brooks EJ, Brown JJ, Buddo D, Burke PJ, Cáceres C, Cambra M, Cardeñosa D, Carrier JC, Casareto S, Caselle JE, Charloo V, Cinner JE, Claverie T, Clua EEG, Cochran JEM, Cook N, Cramp JE, D'Alberto BM, de Graaf M, Dornhege MC, Espinoza M, Estep A, Fanovich L, Farabaugh NF, Fernando D, Ferreira CEL, Fields CYA, Flam AL, Floros C, Fourqurean V, Gajdzik L, Barcia LG, Garla R, Gastrich K, George L, Giarrizzo T, Graham R, Guttridge TL, Hagan V, Hardenstine RS, Heck SM, Henderson AC, Heithaus P, Hertler H, Padilla MH, Hueter RE, Jabado RW, Joyeux JC, Jaiteh V, Johnson M, Jupiter SD, Kaimuddin M, Kasana D, Kelley M, Kessel ST, Kiilu B, Kirata T, Kuguru B, Kyne F, Langlois T, Lara F, Lawe J, Lédée EJI, Lindfield S, Luna-Acosta A, Maggs JQ, Manjaji-Matsumoto BM, Marshall A, Martin L, Mateos-Molina D, Matich P, McCombs E, McIvor A, McLean D, Meggs L, Moore S, Mukherji S, Murray R, Newman SJ, Nogués J, Obota C, Ochavillo D, O'Shea O, Osuka KE, Papastamatiou YP, Perera N, Peterson B, Pimentel CR, Pina-Amargós F, Pinheiro HT, Ponzo A, Prasetyo A, Quamar LMS, Quinlan JR, Reis-Filho JA, Ruiz H, Ruiz-Abierno A, Sala E, de-León PS, Samoilys MA, Sample WR, Schärer-Umpierre M, Schlaff AM, Schmid K, Schoen SN, Simpson N, Smith ANH, Spaet JLY, Sparks L, Stoffers T, Tanna A, Torres R, Travers MJ, van Zinnicq Bergmann M, Vigliola L, Ward J, Warren JD, Watts AM, Wen CK, Whitman ER, Wirsing AJ, Wothke A, Zarza-González E, Chapman DD. Widespread diversity deficits of coral reef sharks and rays. Science 2023; 380:1155-1160. [PMID: 37319199 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade4884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A global survey of coral reefs reveals that overfishing is driving resident shark species toward extinction, causing diversity deficits in reef elasmobranch (shark and ray) assemblages. Our species-level analysis revealed global declines of 60 to 73% for five common resident reef shark species and that individual shark species were not detected at 34 to 47% of surveyed reefs. As reefs become more shark-depleted, rays begin to dominate assemblages. Shark-dominated assemblages persist in wealthy nations with strong governance and in highly protected areas, whereas poverty, weak governance, and a lack of shark management are associated with depauperate assemblages mainly composed of rays. Without action to address these diversity deficits, loss of ecological function and ecosystem services will increasingly affect human communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin A Simpfendorfer
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Michael R Heithaus
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michelle R Heupel
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - M Aaron MacNeil
- Ocean Frontier Institute, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Mark Meekan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Euan Harvey
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - C Samantha Sherman
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Earth to Ocean Group, Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | | | - Jordan S Goetze
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Marine Science Program, Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jeremy J Kiszka
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Matthew J Rees
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystems Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Conrad W Speed
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Vinay Udyawer
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Mark E Bond
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kathryn I Flowers
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gina M Clementi
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - M Shiham Adam
- International Pole and Line Foundation-Maldives, Malé, Republic of Maldives
| | - Khadeeja Ali
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
- Maldives Marine Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries, Marine Resources and Agriculture, Malé, Republic of Maldives
| | - Jacob Asher
- Red Sea Global, Department of Environmental Protection and Regeneration, AlRaidah Digital City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eva Aylagas
- Red Sea Global, Department of Environmental Protection and Regeneration, AlRaidah Digital City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Cecilie Benjamin
- Mahonia Na Dari Research and Conservation Centre, Kimbe, Papua New Guinea
| | - Anthony T F Bernard
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, National Research Foundation, Makhanda, South Africa
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Michael L Berumen
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stacy Bierwagen
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Chico Birrell
- Marine Conservation, Madagascar Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Erika Bonnema
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Edward J Brooks
- Cape Eleuthera Institute, Cape Eleuthera, Eleuthera, The Bahamas
| | - J Jed Brown
- Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dayne Buddo
- Georgia Aquarium-IUCN Center for Species Survival, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Patrick J Burke
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Bimini Biological Field Station, Bimini, Bahama
| | - Camila Cáceres
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Marta Cambra
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- MigraMar, Olema, CA, USA
| | - Diego Cardeñosa
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Sara Casareto
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer E Caselle
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - Joshua E Cinner
- College of Arts, Society, and Education, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Claverie
- Centre Universitaire de Formation et de Recherche de Mayotte, Dembeni, France
| | - Eric E G Clua
- Paris Sciences Lettres, Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l'Environnement, Opunohu Bay, Papetoai, French Polynesia
- Laboratoires d'Excellence Corail, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Perpignan, France
| | - Jesse E M Cochran
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neil Cook
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Environmental Research Institute Charlotteville, Charlotteville, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Jessica E Cramp
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Sharks Pacific, Rarotonga, Cook Islands
| | - Brooke M D'Alberto
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Martin de Graaf
- Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University & Research, IJmuiden, Netherlands
| | - Mareike C Dornhege
- Graduate School for Global Environmental Studies, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mario Espinoza
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- MigraMar, Olema, CA, USA
| | | | - Lanya Fanovich
- Environmental Research Institute Charlotteville, Charlotteville, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Naomi F Farabaugh
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Carlos E L Ferreira
- Reef Systems Ecology and Conservation Lab, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Candace Y A Fields
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
- Cape Eleuthera Institute, Cape Eleuthera, Eleuthera, The Bahamas
| | - Anna L Flam
- Marine Megafauna Foundation, Palm Beach, FL, USA
| | - Camilla Floros
- Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, UK
| | - Virginia Fourqurean
- College of Arts, Science, and Education, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
- Science Department, Georgia Jones-Ayers Middle School, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Laura Gajdzik
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Aquatic Resources, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Laura García Barcia
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ricardo Garla
- Centro de Biociências, Departmento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Beacon Development Company, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kirk Gastrich
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lachlan George
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Tommaso Giarrizzo
- Instituto de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Grupo de Ecologia Aquática, Espaço Inovação do Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia Guamá, Guamá, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rory Graham
- Ocean Frontier Institute, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Tristan L Guttridge
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, South Bimini, The Bahamas
- Saving the Blue, Cooper City, FL, USA
| | - Valerie Hagan
- Sharks and Rays Conservation Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Royale S Hardenstine
- Maldives Marine Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries, Marine Resources and Agriculture, Malé, Republic of Maldives
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stephen M Heck
- Sharks and Rays Conservation Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Aaron C Henderson
- The School for Field Studies, Center for Marine Resource Studies, South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands
| | - Patricia Heithaus
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Heidi Hertler
- The School for Field Studies, Center for Marine Resource Studies, South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands
| | | | - Robert E Hueter
- Center for Shark Research, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA
- OCEARCH, Park City, UT, USA
| | - Rima W Jabado
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Elasmo Project, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jean-Christophe Joyeux
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Jaiteh
- Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Stacy D Jupiter
- Melanesia Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Suva, Fiji
| | - Muslimin Kaimuddin
- Operation Wallacea, Spilsby, Lincolnshire, UK
- Wasage Divers, Wakatobi & Buton, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Devanshi Kasana
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Megan Kelley
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Steven T Kessel
- Daniel P. Haerther Center for Conservation and Research, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Taratau Kirata
- Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Kiritimati, Kiribati
| | - Baraka Kuguru
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Fabian Kyne
- University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Tim Langlois
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- The UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Frida Lara
- Departamento de Pesquerias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas del IPN, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
- Pelagios Kakunjá, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Jaedon Lawe
- Yardie Environmental Conservationists Limited, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Elodie J I Lédée
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Andrea Luna-Acosta
- Departamento de Ecología y Territorio, Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jade Q Maggs
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Lucy Martin
- Island Conservation Society Seychelles, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - Daniel Mateos-Molina
- Emirates Nature - World Wide Fund for Nature, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- College of Marine Sciences and Aquatic Biology, University of Khorfakkan, Sharjah, UAE
| | | | | | - Ashlie McIvor
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/Aquatic Research Network, Regional Agency for the Development of Research, Technology and Innovation, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Dianne McLean
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, WA, Australia
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Llewelyn Meggs
- Yardie Environmental Conservationists Limited, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Stephen Moore
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Sushmita Mukherji
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | | | - Stephen J Newman
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, Hillarys, WA, Australia
| | - Josep Nogués
- Island Conservation Society Seychelles, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - Clay Obota
- CORDIO East Africa, Mombasa, Kenya
- Blue Ventures, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Domingo Ochavillo
- American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, Pago Pago, American Samoa
| | - Owen O'Shea
- The Centre for Ocean Research and Education, Gregory Town, Eleuthera, The Bahamas
- Department of Ocean Science, Memorial University, NL, Canada
| | - Kennedy E Osuka
- CORDIO East Africa, Mombasa, Kenya
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
| | - Yannis P Papastamatiou
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nishan Perera
- Marine Conservation, Madagascar Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Bradley Peterson
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Caio R Pimentel
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Fabián Pina-Amargós
- Blue Sanctuary-Avalon, Jardines de la Reina, Cuba
- Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de La Habana, Habana, Cuba
| | - Hudson T Pinheiro
- Center for Marine Biology, University of São Paulo, São Sebastião, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Ponzo
- Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines
| | - Andhika Prasetyo
- Center for Fisheries Research, Ministry for Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta Utara, Indonesia
| | - L M Sjamsul Quamar
- Fisheries Department, Universitas Dayanu Ikhsanuddin, Bau Bau, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Jessica R Quinlan
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - José Amorim Reis-Filho
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia: Teoria, Aplicação e Valores, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Enric Sala
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pelayo Salinas de-León
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
- Save Our Seas Foundation Shark Research Center and Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, USA
| | - Melita A Samoilys
- CORDIO East Africa, Mombasa, Kenya
- School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - William R Sample
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Audrey M Schlaff
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Kurt Schmid
- Beacon Development Company, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Thurgau Hunting and Fishing Administration, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - Sara N Schoen
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nikola Simpson
- SalvageBlue, Kingstown, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
| | - Adam N H Smith
- School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Julia L Y Spaet
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lauren Sparks
- Indo Ocean Project, Jln Toyapakeh DESA Toyapakeh, Nusa Penida, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Twan Stoffers
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Rubén Torres
- Reef Check Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Michael J Travers
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, Hillarys, WA, Australia
| | - Maurits van Zinnicq Bergmann
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
- Independent consultant, Hull, UK
| | - Laurent Vigliola
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR Entropie (IRD-UR-UNC-CNRS-IFREMER), Nouméa, New Caledonia, France
| | - Juney Ward
- Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Apia, Samoa
| | - Joseph D Warren
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra M Watts
- Reef Systems Ecology and Conservation Lab, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Colin K Wen
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Elizabeth R Whitman
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aaron J Wirsing
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aljoscha Wothke
- Environmental Research Institute Charlotteville, Charlotteville, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Esteban Zarza-González
- GIBEAM Research Group, Universidad del Sinú, Cartagena, Colombia
- Corales del Rosario and San Bernardo National Natural Park, Colombia
| | - Demian D Chapman
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
- Saving the Blue, Cooper City, FL, USA
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Devloo‐Delva F, Burridge CP, Kyne PM, Brunnschweiler JM, Chapman DD, Charvet P, Chen X, Cliff G, Daly R, Drymon JM, Espinoza M, Fernando D, Barcia LG, Glaus K, González‐Garza BI, Grant MI, Gunasekera RM, Hernandez S, Hyodo S, Jabado RW, Jaquemet S, Johnson G, Ketchum JT, Magalon H, Marthick JR, Mollen FH, Mona S, Naylor GJP, Nevill JEG, Phillips NM, Pillans RD, Postaire BD, Smoothey AF, Tachihara K, Tillet BJ, Valerio‐Vargas JA, Feutry P. From rivers to ocean basins: The role of ocean barriers and philopatry in the genetic structuring of a cosmopolitan coastal predator. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9837. [PMID: 36844667 PMCID: PMC9944188 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bull Shark (Carcharhinus leucas) faces varying levels of exploitation around the world due to its coastal distribution. Information regarding population connectivity is crucial to evaluate its conservation status and local fishing impacts. In this study, we sampled 922 putative Bull Sharks from 19 locations in the first global assessment of population structure of this cosmopolitan species. Using a recently developed DNA-capture approach (DArTcap), samples were genotyped for 3400 nuclear markers. Additionally, full mitochondrial genomes of 384 Indo-Pacific samples were sequenced. Reproductive isolation was found between and across ocean basins (eastern Pacific, western Atlantic, eastern Atlantic, Indo-West Pacific) with distinct island populations in Japan and Fiji. Bull Sharks appear to maintain gene flow using shallow coastal waters as dispersal corridors, whereas large oceanic distances and historical land-bridges act as barriers. Females tend to return to the same area for reproduction, making them more susceptible to local threats and an important focus for management actions. Given these behaviors, the exploitation of Bull Sharks from insular populations, such as Japan and Fiji, may instigate local decline that cannot readily be replenished by immigration, which can in turn affect ecosystem dynamics and functions. These data also supported the development of a genetic panel to ascertain the population of origin, which will be useful in monitoring the trade of fisheries products and assessing population-level impacts of this harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriaan Devloo‐Delva
- Oceans and Atmosphere, CSIROHobartTasmaniaAustralia
- Quantitative Marine Science, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Natural SciencesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Christopher P. Burridge
- Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Natural SciencesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Peter M. Kyne
- Research Institute for the Environment and LivelihoodsCharles Darwin UniversityDarwinNorthern TerritoryAustralia
| | | | - Demian D. Chapman
- Department of Biological SciencesFlorida International UniversityNorth MiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Patricia Charvet
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Sistemática, Uso e Conservação da BiodiversidadeUniversidade Federal do Ceará (PPGSis ‐ UFC)FortalezaBrazil
| | - Xiao Chen
- College of Veterinary MedicineSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Geremy Cliff
- KwaZulu‐Natal Sharks Board, Umhlanga 4320, South Africa and School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Ryan Daly
- Oceanographic Research Institute, South African Association for Marine Biological Research, PointDurbanSouth Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic BiodiversityMkhandaSouth Africa
| | - J. Marcus Drymon
- Coastal Research and Extension CenterMississippi State UniversityBiloxiMississippiUSA
- Mississippi‐Alabama Sea Grant ConsortiumOcean SpringsMississippiUSA
| | - Mario Espinoza
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología & Escuela de BiologíaUniversidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de OcaSan JoséCosta Rica
| | | | - Laura Garcia Barcia
- Department of Biological SciencesFlorida International UniversityNorth MiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Kerstin Glaus
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment, School of Marine StudiesThe University of the South PacificSuvaFiji
| | | | - Michael I. Grant
- College of Science and Engineering, Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and AquacultureJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Sebastian Hernandez
- Biomolecular Laboratory, Center for International ProgramsUniversidad VERITASSan JoséCosta Rica
- Sala de Colecciones, Facultad de Ciencias del MarUniversidad Católica del NorteCoquimboChile
| | - Susumu Hyodo
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research InstituteUniversity of TokyoKashiwa, ChibaJapan
| | - Rima W. Jabado
- College of Science and Engineering, Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and AquacultureJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- Elasmo ProjectDubaiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Sébastien Jaquemet
- UMR ENTROPIE (Université de La Réunion, Université de Nouvelle‐Calédonie, IRD, CNRS, IFREMER), Faculté des Sciences et TechnologiesUniversité de La RéunionCedex 09, La RéunionFrance
| | - Grant Johnson
- Department of Industry, Tourism and Trade, Aquatic Resource Research UnitDarwinNorthern TerritoryAustralia
| | | | - Hélène Magalon
- UMR ENTROPIE (Université de La Réunion, Université de Nouvelle‐Calédonie, IRD, CNRS, IFREMER), Faculté des Sciences et TechnologiesUniversité de La RéunionCedex 09, La RéunionFrance
| | - James R. Marthick
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | | | - Stefano Mona
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB (UMR 7205), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHEUniversité des AntillesParisFrance
- EPHEPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Gavin J. P. Naylor
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | - Nicole M. Phillips
- School of Biological, Environmental and Earth SciencesThe University of Southern MississippiHattiesburgMississippiUSA
| | | | - Bautisse D. Postaire
- UMR ENTROPIE (Université de La Réunion, Université de Nouvelle‐Calédonie, IRD, CNRS, IFREMER), Faculté des Sciences et TechnologiesUniversité de La RéunionCedex 09, La RéunionFrance
| | - Amy F. Smoothey
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries ResearchSydney Institute of Marine ScienceMosmanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Katsunori Tachihara
- Laboratory of Fisheries Biology and Coral Reef Studies, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Ryukyus, NishiharaOkinawaJapan
| | - Bree J. Tillet
- Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland Diamantina InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Jorge A. Valerio‐Vargas
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología & Escuela de BiologíaUniversidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de OcaSan JoséCosta Rica
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Talwar BS, Bond ME, Williams S, Brooks EJ, Chapman DD, Howey LA, Knotek R, Gelsleichter J. Reproductive timing and putative mating behavior of the oceanic whitetip shark Carcharhinus longimanus in the eastern Bahamas. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2023. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
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4
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Cardeñosa D, Shea SK, Zhang H, Fischer GA, Simpfendorfer CA, Chapman DD. Two thirds of species in a global shark fin trade hub are threatened with extinction: Conservation potential of international trade regulations for coastal sharks. Conserv Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cardeñosa
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University North Miami Florida USA
| | | | - Huarong Zhang
- Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Corporation Hong Kong SAR China
| | | | - Colin A. Simpfendorfer
- College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Douglas Queensland Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Demian D. Chapman
- Center for Shark Research, Mote Marine Laboratory Sarasota Florida USA
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5
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Quinlan JR, O'Leary SJ, Fields AT, Benavides M, Stumpf E, Carcamo R, Cruz J, Lewis D, Wade B, Amato G, Kolokotronis SO, Clementi GM, Chapman DD. Using fisher-contributed secondary fins to fill critical shark-fisheries data gaps. Conserv Biol 2021; 35:991-1001. [PMID: 33538362 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing-world shark fisheries are typically not assessed or actively managed for sustainability; one fundamental obstacle is the lack of species and size-composition catch data. We tested and implemented a new and potentially widely applicable approach for collecting these data: mandatory submission of low-value secondary fins (anal fins) from landed sharks by fishers and use of the fins to reconstruct catch species and size. Visual and low-cost genetic identification were used to determine species composition, and linear regression was applied to total length and anal fin base length for catch-size reconstruction. We tested the feasibility of this approach in Belize, first in a local proof-of-concept study and then scaling it up to the national level for the 2017-2018 shark-fishing season (1,786 fins analyzed). Sixteen species occurred in this fishery. The most common were the Caribbean reef (Carcharhinus perezi), blacktip (C. limbatus), sharpnose (Atlantic [Rhizoprionodon terraenovae] and Caribbean [R. porosus] considered as a group), and bonnethead (Sphyrna cf. tiburo). Sharpnose and bonnethead sharks were landed primarily above size at maturity, whereas Caribbean reef and blacktip sharks were primarily landed below size at maturity. Our approach proved effective in obtaining critical data for managing the shark fishery, and we suggest the tools developed as part of this program could be exported to other nations in this region and applied almost immediately if there were means to communicate with fishers and incentivize them to provide anal fins. Outside the tropical Western Atlantic, we recommend further investigation of the feasibility of sampling of secondary fins, including considerations of time, effort, and cost of species identification from these fins, what secondary fin type to use, and the means with which to communicate with fishers and incentivize participation. This program could be a model for collecting urgently needed data for developing-world shark fisheries globally. Article impact statement: Shark fins collected from fishers yield data critical to shark fisheries management in developing nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Quinlan
- Institute of Envrironment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA
| | - Shannon J O'Leary
- Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, 78412, USA
| | - Andrew T Fields
- Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, 78412, USA
| | - Martin Benavides
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead, NC, 28557, USA
| | - Emily Stumpf
- American Museum of Natural History, Institute for Comparative Genomics, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Ramon Carcamo
- Belize Fisheries Department, Princess Margaret Dr., Belize City, Belize
| | - Joel Cruz
- Belize Fisheries Department, Princess Margaret Dr., Belize City, Belize
| | - Derrick Lewis
- Belize Fisheries Department, Princess Margaret Dr., Belize City, Belize
| | - Beverly Wade
- Belize Fisheries Department, Princess Margaret Dr., Belize City, Belize
| | - George Amato
- American Museum of Natural History, Institute for Comparative Genomics, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis
- American Museum of Natural History, Institute for Comparative Genomics, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC43A, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, U.S.A
| | - Gina M Clementi
- Institute of Envrironment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA
| | - Demian D Chapman
- Institute of Envrironment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Demian D Chapman
- Sharks and Rays Conservation Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Khadeeja Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA.,Maldives Marine Research Institute, 2020 Malé, Maldives
| | - M Aaron MacNeil
- Ocean Frontier Institute, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, NS, LSC 7088, Canada
| | - Michelle R Heupel
- Integrated Marine Observing System, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Mark Meekan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Euan S Harvey
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Colin A Simpfendorfer
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture & College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Michael R Heithaus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
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7
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Clementi GM, Bakker J, Flowers KI, Postaire BD, Babcock EA, Bond ME, Buddo D, Cardeñosa D, Currey-Randall LM, Goetze JS, Harvey ES, Heupel M, Kiszka JJ, Kyne F, MacNeil MA, Meekan MG, Rees MJ, Simpfendorfer CA, Speed CW, Heithaus MR, Chapman DD. Moray eels are more common on coral reefs subject to higher human pressure in the greater Caribbean. iScience 2021; 24:102097. [PMID: 33681724 PMCID: PMC7918280 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximity and size of the nearest market (‘market gravity’) have been shown to have strong negative effects on coral reef fish communities that can be mitigated by the establishment of closed areas. However, moray eels are functionally unique predators that are generally not subject to targeted fishing and should therefore not directly be affected by these factors. We used baited remote underwater video systems to investigate associations between morays and anthropogenic, habitat, and ecological factors in the Caribbean region. Market gravity had a positive effect on morays, while the opposite pattern was observed in a predator group subject to exploitation (sharks). Environmental DNA analyses corroborated the positive effect of market gravity on morays. We hypothesize that the observed pattern could be the indirect result of the depletion of moray competitors and predators near humans. Baited remote underwater videos and environmental DNA were used to assess morays Market gravity had a strong positive effect on moray abundance Morays and sharks were negatively associated Lack of competitors and predators may explain increased morays on reefs near humans
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M. Clementi
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Judith Bakker
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Kathryn I. Flowers
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Bautisse D. Postaire
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Babcock
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Mark E. Bond
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Dayne Buddo
- The Bay Academy, Bay Ecotarium, The Embarcadero at Beach Street, San Francisco, CA 94133, USA
| | - Diego Cardeñosa
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | | | - Jordan S. Goetze
- Marine Science Program, Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, WA, Australia
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, WA, Australia
| | - Euan S. Harvey
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, WA, Australia
| | - Michelle Heupel
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Integrated Marine Observing System, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Jeremy J. Kiszka
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Fabian Kyne
- University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - M. Aaron MacNeil
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada
| | - Mark G. Meekan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Rees
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Colin A. Simpfendorfer
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture & College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Conrad W. Speed
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Michael R. Heithaus
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Demian D. Chapman
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
- Corresponding author
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8
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van Zinnicq Bergmann MPM, Postaire BD, Gastrich K, Heithaus MR, Hoopes LA, Lyons K, Papastamatiou YP, Schneider EVC, Strickland BA, Talwar BS, Chapman DD, Bakker J. Elucidating shark diets with DNA metabarcoding from cloacal swabs. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 21:1056-1067. [PMID: 33527665 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Animal dietary information provides the foundation for understanding trophic relationships, which is essential for ecosystem management. Yet, in marine systems, high-resolution diet reconstruction tools are currently under-developed. This is particularly pertinent for large marine vertebrates, for which direct foraging behaviour is difficult or impossible to observe and, due to their conservation status, the collection of stomach contents at adequate sample sizes is frequently impossible. Consequently, the diets of many groups, such as sharks, have largely remained unresolved. To address this knowledge gap, we applied metabarcoding to prey DNA in faecal residues (fDNA) collected on cotton swabs from the inside of a shark's cloaca. We used a previously published primer set targeting a small section of the 12S rRNA mitochondrial gene to amplify teleost prey species DNA. We tested the utility of this method in a controlled feeding experiment with captive juvenile lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) and on free-ranging juvenile bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas). In the captive trial, we successfully isolated and correctly identified teleost prey DNA without incurring environmental DNA contamination from the surrounding seawater. In the field, we were able to reconstruct high-resolution teleost dietary information from juvenile C. leucas fDNA that was generally consistent with expectations based on published diet studies of this species. While further investigation is needed to validate the method for larger sharks and other species, it is expected to be broadly applicable to aquatic vertebrates and provides an opportunity to advance our understanding of trophic interactions in marine and freshwater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurits P M van Zinnicq Bergmann
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA.,Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, Bimini, The Bahamas
| | - Bautisse D Postaire
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kirk Gastrich
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michael R Heithaus
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Yannis P Papastamatiou
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Eric V C Schneider
- Exuma Sound Ecosystem Research Project, Cape Eleuthera Institute, Eleuthera, The Bahamas
| | - Bradley A Strickland
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Brendan S Talwar
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA.,Exuma Sound Ecosystem Research Project, Cape Eleuthera Institute, Eleuthera, The Bahamas
| | - Demian D Chapman
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Judith Bakker
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
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Cardeñosa D, Fields AT, Babcock E, Shea SKH, Feldheim KA, Kraft DW, Hutchinson M, Herrera MA, Caballero S, Chapman DD. Indo‐Pacific origins of silky shark fins in major shark fin markets highlights supply chains and management bodies key for conservation. Conserv Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cardeñosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Stony Brook University New York USA
- Fundación Colombia Azul Bogotá Colombia
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University North Miami Florida USA
| | - Andrew T. Fields
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Stony Brook University New York USA
| | - Elizabeth Babcock
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Department of Marine Biology and Ecology University of Miami Miami Florida USA
| | | | - Kevin A. Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution The Field Museum Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Derek W. Kraft
- Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology University of Hawai‘i Kane‘ohe Hawaii USA
| | - Melanie Hutchinson
- Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology University of Hawai‘i Kane‘ohe Hawaii USA
- Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, NOAA University of Hawaii Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Maria A. Herrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali Colombia
| | - Susana Caballero
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular de Vertebrados Acuáticos – LEMVA Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Los Andes Bogotá Colombia
| | - Demian D. Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University North Miami Florida USA
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10
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Flowers KI, Chapman DD, Kemp T, Wert D, Feldheim KA. Annual breeding in a captive smalltooth sawfish, Pristis pectinata. J Fish Biol 2020; 97:1586-1589. [PMID: 32888190 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The critically endangered smalltooth sawfish Pristis pectinata reproduces biennially in central west Florida, U.S.A. Here we demonstrate that smalltooth sawfish are physiologically capable of reproducing annually in a captive environment. The smalltooth sawfish are held in an open system, with abiotic conditions that vary naturally with the surrounding environment in The Bahamas. This suggests wild smalltooth sawfish may also be capable of annual reproduction provided there are adequate prey resources, limited competition and mate availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn I Flowers
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Demian D Chapman
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Todd Kemp
- Marine and Aquarium Operations, Atlantis Paradise Island, Paradise Island, The Bahamas
| | - Dave Wert
- Marine and Aquarium Operations, Atlantis Paradise Island, Paradise Island, The Bahamas
| | - Kevin A Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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11
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Garcia Barcia L, Argiro J, Babcock EA, Cai Y, Shea SKH, Chapman DD. Mercury and arsenic in processed fins from nine of the most traded shark species in the Hong Kong and China dried seafood markets: The potential health risks of shark fin soup. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 157:111281. [PMID: 32469749 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Shark fin is one of Asia's most valued dried seafood products, with over 80 shark species traded in Hong Kong [HK]. We analyzed processed shark fins from mainland China and HK markets (n = 267) for mercury, methyl‑mercury, and arsenic, to inform consumers, policy makers and public health officials on the health risks of ingesting fins from nine of the most common shark species in the fin trade. Fins from all species frequently exceed Hg limits established by HK authorities. Most of the mercury found is in the form of methyl‑mercury (69.0 ± 33.5%). Five species surpass methyl‑mercury PTWIs and blue shark fins can exceed inorganic arsenic BMDL0.5. Species-of-origin was a significant predictor of heavy metal concentrations, with higher mercury concentrations associated with coastal sharks and lower arsenic levels found with increasing shark trophic level. Species-specific labeling would help consumers avoid shark fin products that pose the highest health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Garcia Barcia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, United States of America.
| | - Juana Argiro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A Babcock
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - Yong Cai
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, United States of America
| | - Stanley K H Shea
- BLOOM Association, c/o, ADMCF, Suite 2405, 9 Queen's Road Central, Hong Kong
| | - Demian D Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, United States of America
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12
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Cardeñosa D, Fields AT, Babcock EA, Shea SKH, Feldheim KA, Chapman DD. Species composition of the largest shark fin retail-market in mainland China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12914. [PMID: 32737392 PMCID: PMC7395743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Species-specific monitoring through large shark fin market surveys has been a valuable data source to estimate global catches and international shark fin trade dynamics. Hong Kong and Guangzhou, mainland China, are the largest shark fin markets and consumption centers in the world. We used molecular identification protocols on randomly collected processed fin trimmings (n = 2000) and non-parametric species estimators to investigate the species composition of the Guangzhou retail market and compare the species diversity between the Guangzhou and Hong Kong shark fin retail markets. Species diversity was similar between both trade hubs with a small subset of species dominating the composition. The blue shark (Prionace glauca) was the most common species overall followed by the CITES-listed silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis), scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini), smooth hammerhead shark (S. zygaena) and shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus). Our results support previous indications of high connectivity between the shark fin markets of Hong Kong and mainland China and suggest that systematic studies of other fin trade hubs within Mainland China and stronger law-enforcement protocols and capacity building are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cardeñosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA. .,Fundación Colombia Azul, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Andrew T Fields
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Babcock
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Stanley K H Shea
- BLOOM Association, c/o, ADMCF, Suite 2405, Queen's Road Central, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin A Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA
| | - Demian D Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA
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13
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MacNeil MA, Chapman DD, Heupel M, Simpfendorfer CA, Heithaus M, Meekan M, Harvey E, Goetze J, Kiszka J, Bond ME, Currey-Randall LM, Speed CW, Sherman CS, Rees MJ, Udyawer V, Flowers KI, Clementi G, Valentin-Albanese J, Gorham T, Adam MS, Ali K, Pina-Amargós F, Angulo-Valdés JA, Asher J, Barcia LG, Beaufort O, Benjamin C, Bernard ATF, Berumen ML, Bierwagen S, Bonnema E, Bown RMK, Bradley D, Brooks E, Brown JJ, Buddo D, Burke P, Cáceres C, Cardeñosa D, Carrier JC, Caselle JE, Charloo V, Claverie T, Clua E, Cochran JEM, Cook N, Cramp J, D'Alberto B, de Graaf M, Dornhege M, Estep A, Fanovich L, Farabaugh NF, Fernando D, Flam AL, Floros C, Fourqurean V, Garla R, Gastrich K, George L, Graham R, Guttridge T, Hardenstine RS, Heck S, Henderson AC, Hertler H, Hueter R, Johnson M, Jupiter S, Kasana D, Kessel ST, Kiilu B, Kirata T, Kuguru B, Kyne F, Langlois T, Lédée EJI, Lindfield S, Luna-Acosta A, Maggs J, Manjaji-Matsumoto BM, Marshall A, Matich P, McCombs E, McLean D, Meggs L, Moore S, Mukherji S, Murray R, Kaimuddin M, Newman SJ, Nogués J, Obota C, O'Shea O, Osuka K, Papastamatiou YP, Perera N, Peterson B, Ponzo A, Prasetyo A, Quamar LMS, Quinlan J, Ruiz-Abierno A, Sala E, Samoilys M, Schärer-Umpierre M, Schlaff A, Simpson N, Smith ANH, Sparks L, Tanna A, Torres R, Travers MJ, van Zinnicq Bergmann M, Vigliola L, Ward J, Watts AM, Wen C, Whitman E, Wirsing AJ, Wothke A, Zarza-Gonzâlez E, Cinner JE. Global status and conservation potential of reef sharks. Nature 2020; 583:801-806. [PMID: 32699418 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Decades of overexploitation have devastated shark populations, leaving considerable doubt as to their ecological status1,2. Yet much of what is known about sharks has been inferred from catch records in industrial fisheries, whereas far less information is available about sharks that live in coastal habitats3. Here we address this knowledge gap using data from more than 15,000 standardized baited remote underwater video stations that were deployed on 371 reefs in 58 nations to estimate the conservation status of reef sharks globally. Our results reveal the profound impact that fishing has had on reef shark populations: we observed no sharks on almost 20% of the surveyed reefs. Reef sharks were almost completely absent from reefs in several nations, and shark depletion was strongly related to socio-economic conditions such as the size and proximity of the nearest market, poor governance and the density of the human population. However, opportunities for the conservation of reef sharks remain: shark sanctuaries, closed areas, catch limits and an absence of gillnets and longlines were associated with a substantially higher relative abundance of reef sharks. These results reveal several policy pathways for the restoration and management of reef shark populations, from direct top-down management of fishing to indirect improvement of governance conditions. Reef shark populations will only have a high chance of recovery by engaging key socio-economic aspects of tropical fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aaron MacNeil
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Demian D Chapman
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michelle Heupel
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Colin A Simpfendorfer
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Heithaus
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mark Meekan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Euan Harvey
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jordan Goetze
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.,Marine Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy Kiszka
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mark E Bond
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Conrad W Speed
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - C Samantha Sherman
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew J Rees
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Sustainable Ecosystems Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vinay Udyawer
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Arafura Timor Research Facility, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Kathryn I Flowers
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gina Clementi
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Taylor Gorham
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - M Shiham Adam
- International Pole and Line Foundation, Malé, Maldives
| | - Khadeeja Ali
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA.,Maldives Marine Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries, Marine Resources and Agriculture, Malé, Maldives
| | - Fabián Pina-Amargós
- Centro de Investigaciones de Ecosistemas Costeros (CIEC), Cayo Coco, Morón, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba
| | - Jorge A Angulo-Valdés
- Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Universidad de la Habana, Havana, Cuba.,Galbraith Marine Science Laboratory, Eckerd College, St Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Jacob Asher
- Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Habitat and Living Marine Resources Program, Ecosystem Sciences Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Laura García Barcia
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Océane Beaufort
- Réseau requins des Antilles Francaises, Kap Natirel, Vieux-Fort, Guadeloupe
| | - Cecilie Benjamin
- Mahonia Na Dari Research and Conservation Centre, Kimbe, Papua New Guinea
| | - Anthony T F Bernard
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa.,Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Michael L Berumen
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stacy Bierwagen
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Erika Bonnema
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Darcy Bradley
- Bren School of Environmental Sciences and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Edd Brooks
- Shark Research and Conservation Program, Cape Eleuthera Institute, Cape Eleuthera, Eleuthera, Bahamas
| | - J Jed Brown
- Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dayne Buddo
- University of the West Indies, Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory, Discovery Bay, Jamaica
| | - Patrick Burke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Camila Cáceres
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Diego Cardeñosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Jennifer E Caselle
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - Thomas Claverie
- CUFR Mayotte & Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Clua
- PSL Research University, LABEX CORAIL, CRIOBE USR3278 EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, Mòorea, French Polynesia
| | - Jesse E M Cochran
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neil Cook
- Environmental Research Institute Charlotteville, Charlotteville, Trinidad and Tobago.,School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jessica Cramp
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Sharks Pacific, Rarotonga, Cook Islands
| | - Brooke D'Alberto
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martin de Graaf
- Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University & Research, IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mareike Dornhege
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Lanya Fanovich
- Environmental Research Institute Charlotteville, Charlotteville, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Naomi F Farabaugh
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Anna L Flam
- Marine Megafauna Foundation, Truckee, CA, USA
| | - Camilla Floros
- The South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Virginia Fourqurean
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ricardo Garla
- Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Kirk Gastrich
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lachlan George
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Tristan Guttridge
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, South Bimini, Bahamas.,Saving the Blue, Kendall, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Royale S Hardenstine
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stephen Heck
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Aaron C Henderson
- Biology Department, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,The School for Field Studies Center for Marine Resource Studies, South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands
| | - Heidi Hertler
- The School for Field Studies Center for Marine Resource Studies, South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands
| | - Robert Hueter
- Center for Shark Research, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | | | - Stacy Jupiter
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Melanesia Program, Suva, Fiji
| | - Devanshi Kasana
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Steven T Kessel
- Daniel P. Haerther Center for Conservation and Research, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Taratu Kirata
- Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Development, Kiritimati, Kiribati
| | - Baraka Kuguru
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Fabian Kyne
- University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Tim Langlois
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elodie J I Lédée
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Andrea Luna-Acosta
- Departamento de Ecología y Territorio, Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jade Maggs
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hataitai, New Zealand
| | - B Mabel Manjaji-Matsumoto
- Endangered Marine Species Research Unit, Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | | | - Philip Matich
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Dianne McLean
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Llewelyn Meggs
- Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation, Annapolis, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Moore
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation & Attractions, Parks & Wildlife WA, Pilbara Region, Nickol, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sushmita Mukherji
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ryan Murray
- Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines, Jagna, The Philippines
| | | | - Stephen J Newman
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, North Beach, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Josep Nogués
- Island Conservation Society Seychelles, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
| | | | - Owen O'Shea
- The Centre for Ocean Research and Education, Gregory Town, Eleuthera, Bahamas
| | - Kennedy Osuka
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
| | - Yannis P Papastamatiou
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Bradley Peterson
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Alessandro Ponzo
- Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines, Jagna, The Philippines
| | - Andhika Prasetyo
- Center for Fisheries Research, Ministry for Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta Utara, Indonesia
| | | | - Jessica Quinlan
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Enric Sala
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Melita Samoilys
- CORDIO East Africa, Mombasa, Kenya.,Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Audrey Schlaff
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nikola Simpson
- SalvageBlue, Kingstown, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
| | - Adam N H Smith
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lauren Sparks
- Indo Ocean Project, PT Nomads Diving Bali, Nusa Penida, Indonesia
| | - Akshay Tanna
- Blue Resources Trust, Colombo, Sri Lanka.,Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Rubén Torres
- Reef Check Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Michael J Travers
- Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, North Beach, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Maurits van Zinnicq Bergmann
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA.,Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, South Bimini, Bahamas
| | - Laurent Vigliola
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR ENTROPIE (IRD-UR-UNC-CNRS-IFREMER), Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Juney Ward
- Secretariat of the Pacific Regional, Environment Programme, Apia, Samoa
| | - Alexandra M Watts
- Marine Megafauna Foundation, Truckee, CA, USA.,Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Colin Wen
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Elizabeth Whitman
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aaron J Wirsing
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aljoscha Wothke
- Environmental Research Institute Charlotteville, Charlotteville, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Esteban Zarza-Gonzâlez
- Corales del Rosario and San Bernardo National Natural Park, GIBEAM Research Group, Universidad del Sinú, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Joshua E Cinner
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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14
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Postaire BD, Bakker J, Gardiner J, Wiley TR, Chapman DD. Environmental DNA detection tracks established seasonal occurrence of blacktip sharks (Carcharhinus limbatus) in a semi-enclosed subtropical bay. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11847. [PMID: 32678294 PMCID: PMC7367289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68843-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of eDNA analysis into the population assessment and monitoring of sharks could greatly improve temporal and spatial data used for management purposes. This study aimed to compare eDNA detection against well-established seasonal changes in blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus) abundance in Terra Ceia Bay (FL, USA). We used a species-specific real-time PCR approach to detect C. limbatus eDNA in the bay on a near monthly basis from spring through mid-fall in 2018 and 2019. Previous studies have shown that C. limbatus give birth in the bay in early summer and immature sharks occur there until late fall, when decreasing water temperatures cause them to move offshore and southwards. Water samples (2 L) were collected (4–6 per month) and filtered in the field, with each then being subjected to real-time PCR. Carcharhinus limbatus ‘positive’ filters were significantly more commonly collected during the April-July sampling period than during the August-October sampling period. While following the predicted pattern, eDNA concentration was generally too low for accurate quantification. Our results show that C. limbatus eDNA detection follows known seasonal residency patterns consistently over 2 years of monitoring. Species-specific eDNA analysis using real-time PCR could therefore represent a cost-effective, scalable sampling tool to facilitate improved shark population monitoring in semi-enclosed marine habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bautisse D Postaire
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA.
| | - Judith Bakker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA
| | - Jayne Gardiner
- Division of Natural Sciences, New College of Florida, 5800 Bayshore Rd, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
| | - Tonya R Wiley
- Havenworth Coastal Conservation, 5120 Beacon Road, Palmetto, FL, 34221, USA
| | - Demian D Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA
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15
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Bakker J, Wangensteen OS, Baillie C, Buddo D, Chapman DD, Gallagher AJ, Guttridge TL, Hertler H, Mariani S. Biodiversity assessment of tropical shelf eukaryotic communities via pelagic eDNA metabarcoding. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:14341-14355. [PMID: 31938523 PMCID: PMC6953649 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of marine communities and their functions in an ecosystem relies on the ability to detect and monitor species distributions and abundances. Currently, the use of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is increasingly being applied for the rapid assessment and monitoring of aquatic species. Most eDNA metabarcoding studies have either focussed on the simultaneous identification of a few specific taxa/groups or have been limited in geographical scope. Here, we employed eDNA metabarcoding to compare beta diversity patterns of complex pelagic marine communities in tropical coastal shelf habitats spanning the whole Caribbean Sea. We screened 68 water samples using a universal eukaryotic COI barcode region and detected highly diverse communities, which varied significantly among locations, and proved good descriptors of habitat type and environmental conditions. Less than 15% of eukaryotic taxa were assigned to metazoans, most DNA sequences belonged to a variety of planktonic "protists," with over 50% of taxa unassigned at the phylum level, suggesting that the sampled communities host an astonishing amount of micro-eukaryotic diversity yet undescribed or absent from COI reference databases. Although such a predominance of micro-eukaryotes severely reduces the efficiency of universal COI markers to investigate vertebrate and other metazoans from aqueous eDNA, the study contributes to the advancement of rapid biomonitoring methods and brings us closer to a full inventory of extant marine biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Bakker
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University Miami FL USA
- School of Engineering & Environment University of Salford Salford UK
| | - Owen S Wangensteen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Charles Baillie
- School of Engineering & Environment University of Salford Salford UK
| | - Dayne Buddo
- Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory and Field Station University of the West Indies St. Ann Jamaica
| | - Demian D Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University Miami FL USA
| | | | | | - Heidi Hertler
- The School for Field Studies Centre for Marine Resource Studies South Caicos Turks and Caicos Islands
| | - Stefano Mariani
- School of Engineering & Environment University of Salford Salford UK
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16
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Cardeñosa D, Gollock MJ, Chapman DD. Development and application of a novel real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay to detect illegal trade of the European eel (
Anguilla anguilla
). Conservation Science and Practice 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cardeñosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric ScienceStony Brook University Stony Brook New York
- Fundación Colombia Azul Bogotá Colombia
| | | | - Demian D. Chapman
- Department of Biological SciencesFlorida International University Nebraska Florida
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17
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Cardeñosa D, Quinlan J, Shea KH, Chapman DD. Multiplex real-time PCR assay to detect illegal trade of CITES-listed shark species. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16313. [PMID: 30397246 PMCID: PMC6218538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is a multilateral environmental agreement to ensure that the international trade of threatened species is either prohibited (Appendix I listed species) or being conducted legally, sustainably, and transparently (Appendix II listed species). Twelve threatened shark species exploited for their fins, meat, and other products have been listed under CITES Appendix II. Sharks are often traded in high volumes, some of their products are visually indistinguishable, and most importing/exporting nations have limited capacity to detect illicit trade and enforce the regulations. High volume shipments often must be screened after only a short period of detainment (e.g., a maximum of 24 hours), which together with costs and capacity issues have limited the use of DNA approaches to identify illicit trade. Here, we present a reliable, field-based, fast (<4 hours), and cost effective ($0.94 USD per sample) multiplex real-time PCR protocol capable of detecting nine of the twelve sharks listed under CITES in a single reaction. This approach facilitates detection of illicit trade, with positive results providing probable cause to detain shipments for more robust forensic analysis. We also provide evidence of its application in real law enforcement scenarios in Hong Kong. Adoption of this approach can help parties meet their CITES requirements, avoiding potential international trade sanctions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cardeñosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States of America. .,Fundación Colombia Azul, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Jessica Quinlan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, Florida, 33181, United States of America
| | | | - Demian D Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, Florida, 33181, United States of America
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18
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Cardeñosa D, Fields AT, Babcock EA, Zhang H, Feldheim K, Shea SKH, Fischer GA, Chapman DD. CITES-listed sharks remain among the top species in the contemporary fin trade. Conserv Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cardeñosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
- Fundación Colombia Azul; Bogotá Colombia
| | - Andrew T. Fields
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Babcock
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science; University of Miami; Miami Florida 33149 USA
| | | | - Kevin Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution; The Field Museum; Chicago Illinois 60605 USA
| | | | | | - Demian D. Chapman
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences; Florida International University; North Miami Florida 33181 USA
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19
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Fields AT, Fischer GA, Shea SKH, Zhang H, Abercrombie DL, Feldheim KA, Babcock EA, Chapman DD. Species composition of the international shark fin trade assessed through a retail-market survey in Hong Kong. Conserv Biol 2018; 32:376-389. [PMID: 29077226 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The shark fin trade is a major driver of shark exploitation in fisheries all over the world, most of which are not managed on a species-specific basis. Species-specific trade information highlights taxa of particular concern and can be used to assess the efficacy of management measures and anticipate emerging threats. The species composition of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, one of the world's largest fin trading hubs, was partially assessed in 1999-2001. We randomly selected and genetically identified fin trimmings (n = 4800), produced during fin processing, from the retail market of Hong Kong in 2014-2015 to assess contemporary species composition of the fin trade. We used nonparametric species estimators to determine that at least 76 species of sharks, batoids, and chimaeras supplied the fin trade and a Bayesian model to determine their relative proportion in the market. The diversity of traded species suggests species substitution could mask depletion of vulnerable species; one-third of identified species are threatened with extinction. The Bayesian model suggested that 8 species each comprised >1% of the fin trimmings (34.1-64.2% for blue [Prionace glauca], 0.2-1.2% for bull [Carcharhinus leucas] and shortfin mako [Isurus oxyrinchus]); thus, trade was skewed to a few globally distributed species. Several other coastal sharks, batoids, and chimaeras are in the trade but poorly managed. Fewer than 10 of the species we modeled have sustainably managed fisheries anywhere in their range, and the most common species in trade, the blue shark, was not among them. Our study and approach serve as a baseline to track changes in composition of species in the fin trade over time to better understand patterns of exploitation and assess the effects of emerging management actions for these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stanley K H Shea
- BLOOM Association Hong Kong, Suite 2405, 9 Queens Road, Central, Hong Kong
| | | | - Debra L Abercrombie
- Abercrombie and Fish, 14 Dayton Avenue, Port Jefferson Station, NY 11776, U.S.A
| | - Kevin A Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, U.S.A
| | - Elizabeth A Babcock
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, U.S.A
| | - Demian D Chapman
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, U.S.A
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, U.S.A
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20
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Feldheim KA, Fields AT, Chapman DD, Scharer RM, Poulakis GR. Insights into reproduction and behavior of the smalltooth sawfish Pristis pectinata. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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21
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Bakker J, Wangensteen OS, Chapman DD, Boussarie G, Buddo D, Guttridge TL, Hertler H, Mouillot D, Vigliola L, Mariani S. Environmental DNA reveals tropical shark diversity in contrasting levels of anthropogenic impact. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16886. [PMID: 29203793 PMCID: PMC5715122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sharks are charismatic predators that play a key role in most marine food webs. Their demonstrated vulnerability to exploitation has recently turned them into flagship species in ocean conservation. Yet, the assessment and monitoring of the distribution and abundance of such mobile species in marine environments remain challenging, often invasive and resource-intensive. Here we pilot a novel, rapid and non-invasive environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding approach specifically targeted to infer shark presence, diversity and eDNA read abundance in tropical habitats. We identified at least 21 shark species, from both Caribbean and Pacific Coral Sea water samples, whose geographical patterns of diversity and read abundance coincide with geographical differences in levels of anthropogenic pressure and conservation effort. We demonstrate that eDNA metabarcoding can be effectively employed to study shark diversity. Further developments in this field have the potential to drastically enhance our ability to assess and monitor elusive oceanic predators, and lead to improved conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Bakker
- Ecosystems & Environment Research Centre, School of Environment & Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK
| | - Owen S Wangensteen
- Ecosystems & Environment Research Centre, School of Environment & Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK
| | - Demian D Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 S.W., 8th Street, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Germain Boussarie
- MARBEC, UMR IRD-CNRS-UM-IFREMER 9190, Université Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex, France
- IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), Laboratoire d'Excellence Labex Corail, UMR IRD-UR-CNRS ENTROPIE, Centre IRD de Noumea, BP A5, 98800, Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia, France
| | - Dayne Buddo
- University of the West Indies, Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory and Field Station, P.O. Box 35, Discovery Bay, St. Ann, Jamaica
| | | | - Heidi Hertler
- The SFS Centre for Marine Resource Studies, Turks and Caicos Islands, UK
| | - David Mouillot
- MARBEC, UMR IRD-CNRS-UM-IFREMER 9190, Université Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Vigliola
- IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), Laboratoire d'Excellence Labex Corail, UMR IRD-UR-CNRS ENTROPIE, Centre IRD de Noumea, BP A5, 98800, Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia, France
| | - Stefano Mariani
- Ecosystems & Environment Research Centre, School of Environment & Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK.
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22
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Flowers KI, Henderson AC, Lupton JL, Chapman DD. Site affinity of whitespotted eagle rays Aetobatus narinari assessed using photographic identification. J Fish Biol 2017; 91:1337-1349. [PMID: 28994102 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photographic identification was used to track the movements of the whitespotted eagle ray Aetobatus narinari around South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands. A total of 165 individuals were identified, aided by the computer program I3 S Spot. The sex ratio across all study sites in 2015 was not significantly different from 1:1 (χ2 = 2·8, P > 0·05). 33·9% of all individual rays were resighted at least once and the maximum number of days between the first and last sighting was 1640 (median 165, interquartile range, IQR = 698). Sightings of individuals occurred at locations differing from the original sighting location 24·6% of the time (0·7-20 km away). The entire population around South Caicos has yet to be sampled and these rays exhibited site affinity during the study period; they are either resident to South Caicos or are using the area for parts of the year before making movements elsewhere and then returning. Given these results, A. narinari is suited to local-scale management and conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Flowers
- The School for Field Studies, Center for Marine Resource Studies, South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, U.S.A
| | - A C Henderson
- The School for Field Studies, Center for Marine Resource Studies, South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands
| | - J L Lupton
- The School for Field Studies, Center for Marine Resource Studies, South Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands
| | - D D Chapman
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, U.S.A
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Cardeñosa D, Fields A, Abercrombie D, Feldheim K, Shea SKH, Chapman DD. A multiplex PCR mini-barcode assay to identify processed shark products in the global trade. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185368. [PMID: 29020095 PMCID: PMC5636071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protecting sharks from overexploitation has become global priority after widespread population declines have occurred. Tracking catches and trade on a species-specific basis has proven challenging, in part due to difficulties in identifying processed shark products such as fins, meat, and liver oil. This has hindered efforts to implement regulations aimed at promoting sustainable use of commercially important species and protection of imperiled species. Genetic approaches to identify shark products exist but are typically based on sequencing or amplifying large DNA regions and may fail to work on heavily processed products in which DNA is degraded. Here, we describe a novel multiplex PCR mini-barcode assay based on two short fragments of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. This assay can identify to species all sharks currently listed on the Convention of International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES) and most shark species present in the international trade. It achieves species diagnosis based on a single PCR and one to two downstream DNA sequencing reactions. The assay is capable of identifying highly processed shark products including fins, cooked shark fin soup, and skin-care products containing liver oil. This is a straightforward and reliable identification method for data collection and enforcement of regulations implemented for certain species at all governance levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cardeñosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrew Fields
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Debra Abercrombie
- Abercrombie & Fish, Miller Place, New York, United States of America
| | - Kevin Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Demian D. Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, United States of America
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24
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Hussey NE, DiBattista JD, Moore JW, Ward EJ, Fisk AT, Kessel S, Guttridge TL, Feldheim KA, Franks BR, Gruber SH, Weideli OC, Chapman DD. Risky business for a juvenile marine predator? Testing the influence of foraging strategies on size and growth rate under natural conditions. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:rspb.2017.0166. [PMID: 28381626 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms driving selection of body size and growth rate in wild marine vertebrates are poorly understood, thus limiting knowledge of their fitness costs at ecological, physiological and genetic scales. Here, we indirectly tested whether selection for size-related traits of juvenile sharks that inhabit a nursery hosting two dichotomous habitats, protected mangroves (low predation risk) and exposed seagrass beds (high predation risk), is influenced by their foraging behaviour. Juvenile sharks displayed a continuum of foraging strategies between mangrove and seagrass areas, with some individuals preferentially feeding in one habitat over another. Foraging habitat was correlated with growth rate, whereby slower growing, smaller individuals fed predominantly in sheltered mangroves, whereas larger, faster growing animals fed over exposed seagrass. Concomitantly, tracked juveniles undertook variable movement behaviours across both the low and high predation risk habitat. These data provide supporting evidence for the hypothesis that directional selection favouring smaller size and slower growth rate, both heritable traits in this shark population, may be driven by variability in foraging behaviour and predation risk. Such evolutionary pathways may be critical to adaptation within predator-driven marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel E Hussey
- University of Windsor - Biological Sciences, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Joseph D DiBattista
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, PO Box U1987, Australia
| | - Jonathan W Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Eric J Ward
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Aaron T Fisk
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Science, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Steven Kessel
- University of Windsor - Biological Sciences, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Tristan L Guttridge
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, 15 Elizabeth Drive, South Bimini, Bahamas
| | - Kevin A Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Bryan R Franks
- Department of Biology, Florida Southern College, Lakeland, FL, USA
| | - Samuel H Gruber
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, 15 Elizabeth Drive, South Bimini, Bahamas
| | - Ornella C Weideli
- PSL Research University, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Universite de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Demian D Chapman
- Institute for Ocean Conservation Science/School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA
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25
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Fields AT, Feldheim KA, Gelsleichter J, Pfoertner C, Chapman DD. Population structure and cryptic speciation in bonnethead sharks Sphyrna tiburo in the south-eastern U.S.A. and Caribbean. J Fish Biol 2016; 89:2219-2233. [PMID: 27600497 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Population structure and lineage diversification within a small, non-dispersive hammerhead shark species, the bonnethead shark Sphyrna tiburo, was assessed. Sphyrna tiburo is currently described as one continuously distributed species along the Atlantic continental margins of North, Central and South America, but recent genetic analysis of an insular population (Trinidad) suggests the possibility of cryptic speciation. To address this issue S. tiburo were sampled at six sites along c. 6200 km of continuous, continental coastline and from one island location (Grand Bahama) across a discontinuity in their distribution (the Straits of Florida), in order to test if they constitute a single lineage over this distribution. A total of 1030 bp of the mitochondrial control region (CR) was obtained for 239 S. tiburo, revealing 73 distinct haplotypes, high nucleotide diversity (0·01089) and a pair of highly divergent lineages estimated to have separated 3·61-5·62 million years ago. Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and nuclear internal transcribed spacer loci show the same pattern. Divergence is similar within S. tiburo to that observed between established elasmobranch sister species, providing further evidence of cryptic speciation. A global AMOVA based on CR confirms that genetic diversity is primarily partitioned among populations (ΦST = 0·828, P < 0·001) because the divergent lineages are almost perfectly segregated between Belize and North America-The Bahamas. An AMOVA consisting solely of the North American and Bahamian samples is also significantly different from zero (ΦST = 0·088, P < 0·001) and pairwise FST is significantly different between all sites. These findings suggest that S. tiburo comprises a species complex and supports previous research indicating fine population structure, which has implications for fisheries management and biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Fields
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, U.S.A..
| | - K A Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605, U.S.A
| | - J Gelsleichter
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, U.S.A
| | - C Pfoertner
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, U.S.A
| | - D D Chapman
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, U.S.A
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26
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Howey LA, Tolentino ER, Papastamatiou YP, Brooks EJ, Abercrombie DL, Watanabe YY, Williams S, Brooks A, Chapman DD, Jordan LKB. Into the deep: the functionality of mesopelagic excursions by an oceanic apex predator. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:5290-304. [PMID: 27551383 PMCID: PMC4984504 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehension of ecological processes in marine animals requires information regarding dynamic vertical habitat use. While many pelagic predators primarily associate with epipelagic waters, some species routinely dive beyond the deep scattering layer. Actuation for exploiting these aphotic habitats remains largely unknown. Recent telemetry data from oceanic whitetip sharks (Carcharhinus longimanus) in the Atlantic show a strong association with warm waters (>20°C) less than 200 m. Yet, individuals regularly exhibit excursions into the meso‐ and bathypelagic zone. In order to examine deep‐diving behavior in oceanic whitetip sharks, we physically recovered 16 pop‐up satellite archival tags and analyzed the high‐resolution depth and temperature data. Diving behavior was evaluated in the context of plausible functional behavior hypotheses including interactive behaviors, energy conservation, thermoregulation, navigation, and foraging. Mesopelagic excursions (n = 610) occurred throughout the entire migratory circuit in all individuals, with no indication of site specificity. Six depth‐versus‐time descent and ascent profiles were identified. Descent profile shapes showed little association with examined environmental variables. Contrastingly, ascent profile shapes were related to environmental factors and appear to represent unique behavioral responses to abiotic conditions present at the dive apex. However, environmental conditions may not be the sole factors influencing ascents, as ascent mode may be linked to intentional behaviors. While dive functionality remains unconfirmed, our study suggests that mesopelagic excursions relate to active foraging behavior or navigation. Dive timing, prey constituents, and dive shape support foraging as the most viable hypothesis for mesopelagic excursions, indicating that the oceanic whitetip shark may regularly survey extreme environments (deep depths, low temperatures) as a foraging strategy. At the apex of these deep‐water excursions, sharks exhibit a variable behavioral response, perhaps, indicating the presence or absence of prey.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yannis P Papastamatiou
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University North Miami Florida USA
| | - Edward J Brooks
- Shark Research and Conservation Program Cape Eleuthera Institute Eleuthera The Bahamas
| | | | - Yuuki Y Watanabe
- National Institute of Polar Research Tachikawa Tokyo Japan; Department of Polar Science SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies) Tachikawa Tokyo Japan
| | - Sean Williams
- Shark Research and Conservation Program Cape Eleuthera Institute Eleuthera The Bahamas
| | - Annabelle Brooks
- Shark Research and Conservation Program Cape Eleuthera Institute Eleuthera The Bahamas
| | - Demian D Chapman
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science & Institute for Ocean Conservation Science Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York USA
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27
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Brooks JL, Guttridge TL, Franks BR, Grubbs RD, Chapman DD, Gruber SH, Dibattista JD, Feldheim KA. Using genetic inference to re-evaluate the minimum longevity of the lemon shark Negaprion brevirostris. J Fish Biol 2016; 88:2067-2074. [PMID: 27060882 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A combination of mark-recapture and genetic sampling was used to extend the minimum longevity of an elasmobranch species and the life span estimate of the lemon shark Negaprion brevirostris was increased conservatively from 20·2 to 37 years. This increase in longevity means higher vulnerability and a longer recovery time from exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Brooks
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, South Bimini, Bahamas
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Lab., Carleton Technology and Training Centre, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - T L Guttridge
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, South Bimini, Bahamas
| | - B R Franks
- Department of Biology, Florida Southern College, Lakeland, FL, 33801, U.S.A
| | - R D Grubbs
- FSU Coastal and Marine Laboratory, 3618 Coastal Highway 98, St Teresa, FL, 32358-2702, U.S.A
| | - D D Chapman
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5000, U.S.A
| | - S H Gruber
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, South Bimini, Bahamas
- Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, U.S.A
| | - J D Dibattista
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, P. O. Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - K A Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, U.S.A
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28
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Abstract
Facultative parthenogenesis - the ability of sexually reproducing species to sometimes produce offspring asexually - is known from a wide range of ordinarily sexually reproducing vertebrates in captivity, including some birds, reptiles and sharks [1-3]. Despite this, free-living parthenogens have never been observed in any of these taxa in the wild, although two free-living snakes were recently discovered each gestating a single parthenogen - one copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) and one cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus) [1]. Vertebrate parthenogens are characterized as being of the homogametic sex (e.g., females in sharks, males in birds) and by having elevated homozygosity compared to their mother [1-3], which may reduce their viability [4]. Although it is unknown if either of the parthenogenetic snakes would have been carried to term or survived in the wild, facultative parthenogenesis might have adaptive significance [1]. If this is true, it is reasonable to hypothesize that parthenogenesis would be found most often at low population density, when females risk reproductive failure because finding mates is difficult [5]. Here, we document the first examples of viable parthenogens living in a normally sexually reproducing wild vertebrate, the smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata). We also provide a simple approach to screen any microsatellite DNA database for parthenogens, which will enable hypothesis-driven research on the significance of vertebrate parthenogenesis in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Fields
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Kevin A Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Gregg R Poulakis
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Charlotte Harbor Field Laboratory, 585 Prineville Street, Port Charlotte, FL 33954, USA
| | - Demian D Chapman
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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29
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Gledhill KS, Kessel ST, Guttridge TL, Hansell AC, Bester-van der Merwe AE, Feldheim KA, Gruber SH, Chapman DD. Genetic structure, population demography and seasonal occurrence of blacktip shark Carcharhinus limbatus in Bimini, the Bahamas. J Fish Biol 2015; 87:1371-1388. [PMID: 26709212 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A longline survey was conducted from 2004 to 2014 to investigate the demographic population structure and seasonal abundance of the blacktip shark Carcharhinus limbatus in the Bimini Islands, the Bahamas. All individuals sampled (n = 242) were sub-adult or adults [70·1-145·1 cm pre-caudal length (LPC) range] with no neonates or YOY recorded in Bimini. Carcharhinus limbatus abundance peaked in September, coincident with the largest ratio of female to male sharks and a peak in fresh mating wounds on females. Mitochondrial control region (mtCR) DNA sequences were obtained from C. limbatus at Bimini to test whether Bimini C. limbatus are most closely related to geographically proximate populations sampled on the south-eastern coast of the U.S.A., the closest known nursery areas for this species. Nine mtCR haplotypes were observed in 32 individuals sampled at Bimini [haplotype diversity (h) = 0·821, nucleotide diversity (π) = 0·0015]. Four haplotypes observed from Bimini matched those previously found in the northern Yucatan (Mexico)-Belize and two matched a haplotype previously found in the U.S.A. Four haplotypes were novel but were closely related to the northern Yucatan-Belizean haplotypes. Pair-wise ΦST analysis showed that Bimini was significantly differentiated from all of the populations previously sampled (U.S.A. Atlantic, U.S.A. Gulf of Mexico, northern Yucatan, Belize and Brazil). This indicates that C. limbatus sampled from Bimini are unlikely from the described, proximate U.S.A. nurseries.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Gledhill
- South African Shark Conservancy, Old Harbour Museum, Hermanus 7200, South Africa
| | - S T Kessel
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - T L Guttridge
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, 15 Elizabeth Drive, South Bimini, Bahamas
| | - A C Hansell
- Department of Fisheries Oceanography, School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts - Dartmouth, Fairhaven, MA 02719, U.S.A
| | - A E Bester-van der Merwe
- Molecular Breeding and Biodiversity Group, Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - K A Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, U.S.A
| | - S H Gruber
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, 15 Elizabeth Drive, South Bimini, Bahamas
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33124, U.S.A
| | - D D Chapman
- Institute for Ocean Conservation Science/School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, U.S.A
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30
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O'Leary SJ, Feldheim KA, Fields AT, Natanson LJ, Wintner S, Hussey N, Shivji MS, Chapman DD. Genetic Diversity of White Sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, in the Northwest Atlantic and Southern Africa. J Hered 2015; 106:258-65. [PMID: 25762777 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esv001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, is both one of the largest apex predators in the world and among the most heavily protected marine fish. Population genetic diversity is in part shaped by recent demographic history and can thus provide information complementary to more traditional population assessments, which are difficult to obtain for white sharks and have at times been controversial. Here, we use the mitochondrial control region and 14 nuclear-encoded microsatellite loci to assess white shark genetic diversity in 2 regions: the Northwest Atlantic (NWA, N = 35) and southern Africa (SA, N = 131). We find that these 2 regions harbor genetically distinct white shark populations (Φ ST = 0.10, P < 0.00001; microsatellite F ST = 0.1057, P < 0.021). M-ratios were low and indicative of a genetic bottleneck in the NWA (M-ratio = 0.71, P < 0.004) but not SA (M-ratio = 0.85, P = 0.39). This is consistent with other evidence showing a steep population decline occurring in the mid to late 20th century in the NWA, whereas the SA population appears to have been relatively stable. Estimates of effective population size ranged from 22.6 to 66.3 (NWA) and 188 to 1998.3 (SA) and evidence of inbreeding was found (primarily in NWA). Overall, our findings indicate that white population dynamics within NWA and SA are determined more by intrinsic reproduction than immigration and there is genetic evidence of a population decline in the NWA, further justifying the strong domestic protective measures that have been taken for this species in this region. Our study also highlights how assessment of genetic diversity can complement other sources of information to better understand the status of threatened marine fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon J O'Leary
- From the School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11394 (O'Leary, Fields, and Chapman); the Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 (Feldheim); the National Marine Fisheries Service, Apex Predators Program, Narragansett, RI 02882 (Natanson); the KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board and Biomedical Resource Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa (Wintner); the Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B3P4, Canada (Hussey); the Save our Seas Shark Center and Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, FL 33004 (Shivji); and the Institute of Ocean Conservation Science, Stony Brook, NY 11794 (Chapman). shannon.O'
| | - Kevin A Feldheim
- From the School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11394 (O'Leary, Fields, and Chapman); the Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 (Feldheim); the National Marine Fisheries Service, Apex Predators Program, Narragansett, RI 02882 (Natanson); the KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board and Biomedical Resource Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa (Wintner); the Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B3P4, Canada (Hussey); the Save our Seas Shark Center and Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, FL 33004 (Shivji); and the Institute of Ocean Conservation Science, Stony Brook, NY 11794 (Chapman)
| | - Andrew T Fields
- From the School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11394 (O'Leary, Fields, and Chapman); the Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 (Feldheim); the National Marine Fisheries Service, Apex Predators Program, Narragansett, RI 02882 (Natanson); the KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board and Biomedical Resource Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa (Wintner); the Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B3P4, Canada (Hussey); the Save our Seas Shark Center and Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, FL 33004 (Shivji); and the Institute of Ocean Conservation Science, Stony Brook, NY 11794 (Chapman)
| | - Lisa J Natanson
- From the School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11394 (O'Leary, Fields, and Chapman); the Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 (Feldheim); the National Marine Fisheries Service, Apex Predators Program, Narragansett, RI 02882 (Natanson); the KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board and Biomedical Resource Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa (Wintner); the Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B3P4, Canada (Hussey); the Save our Seas Shark Center and Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, FL 33004 (Shivji); and the Institute of Ocean Conservation Science, Stony Brook, NY 11794 (Chapman)
| | - Sabine Wintner
- From the School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11394 (O'Leary, Fields, and Chapman); the Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 (Feldheim); the National Marine Fisheries Service, Apex Predators Program, Narragansett, RI 02882 (Natanson); the KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board and Biomedical Resource Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa (Wintner); the Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B3P4, Canada (Hussey); the Save our Seas Shark Center and Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, FL 33004 (Shivji); and the Institute of Ocean Conservation Science, Stony Brook, NY 11794 (Chapman)
| | - Nigel Hussey
- From the School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11394 (O'Leary, Fields, and Chapman); the Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 (Feldheim); the National Marine Fisheries Service, Apex Predators Program, Narragansett, RI 02882 (Natanson); the KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board and Biomedical Resource Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa (Wintner); the Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B3P4, Canada (Hussey); the Save our Seas Shark Center and Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, FL 33004 (Shivji); and the Institute of Ocean Conservation Science, Stony Brook, NY 11794 (Chapman)
| | - Mahmood S Shivji
- From the School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11394 (O'Leary, Fields, and Chapman); the Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 (Feldheim); the National Marine Fisheries Service, Apex Predators Program, Narragansett, RI 02882 (Natanson); the KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board and Biomedical Resource Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa (Wintner); the Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B3P4, Canada (Hussey); the Save our Seas Shark Center and Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, FL 33004 (Shivji); and the Institute of Ocean Conservation Science, Stony Brook, NY 11794 (Chapman)
| | - Demian D Chapman
- From the School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11394 (O'Leary, Fields, and Chapman); the Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 (Feldheim); the National Marine Fisheries Service, Apex Predators Program, Narragansett, RI 02882 (Natanson); the KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board and Biomedical Resource Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa (Wintner); the Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B3P4, Canada (Hussey); the Save our Seas Shark Center and Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, FL 33004 (Shivji); and the Institute of Ocean Conservation Science, Stony Brook, NY 11794 (Chapman)
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Malvezzi AJ, Murray CS, Feldheim KA, DiBattista JD, Garant D, Gobler CJ, Chapman DD, Baumann H. A quantitative genetic approach to assess the evolutionary potential of a coastal marine fish to ocean acidification. Evol Appl 2015; 8:352-62. [PMID: 25926880 PMCID: PMC4408146 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing the potential of marine organisms to adapt genetically to increasing oceanic CO2 levels requires proxies such as heritability of fitness-related traits under ocean acidification (OA). We applied a quantitative genetic method to derive the first heritability estimate of survival under elevated CO2 conditions in a metazoan. Specifically, we reared offspring, selected from a wild coastal fish population (Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia), at high CO2 conditions (∼2300 μatm) from fertilization to 15 days posthatch, which significantly reduced survival compared to controls. Perished and surviving offspring were quantitatively sampled and genotyped along with their parents, using eight polymorphic microsatellite loci, to reconstruct a parent–offspring pedigree and estimate variance components. Genetically related individuals were phenotypically more similar (i.e., survived similarly long at elevated CO2 conditions) than unrelated individuals, which translated into a significantly nonzero heritability (0.20 ± 0.07). The contribution of maternal effects was surprisingly small (0.05 ± 0.04) and nonsignificant. Survival among replicates was positively correlated with genetic diversity, particularly with observed heterozygosity. We conclude that early life survival of M. menidia under high CO2 levels has a significant additive genetic component that could elicit an evolutionary response to OA, depending on the strength and direction of future selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Malvezzi
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Kevin A Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, Field Museum of Natural History Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph D DiBattista
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dany Garant
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Demian D Chapman
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Hannes Baumann
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut Groton, CT, USA
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Fields AT, Abercrombie DL, Eng R, Feldheim K, Chapman DD. A novel mini-DNA barcoding assay to identify processed fins from internationally protected shark species. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0114844. [PMID: 25646789 PMCID: PMC4315593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing need to identify shark products in trade, in part due to the recent listing of five commercially important species on the Appendices of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES; porbeagle, Lamna nasus, oceanic whitetip, Carcharhinus longimanus scalloped hammerhead, Sphyrna lewini, smooth hammerhead, S. zygaena and great hammerhead S. mokarran) in addition to three species listed in the early part of this century (whale, Rhincodon typus, basking, Cetorhinus maximus, and white, Carcharodon carcharias). Shark fins are traded internationally to supply the Asian dried seafood market, in which they are used to make the luxury dish shark fin soup. Shark fins usually enter international trade with their skin still intact and can be identified using morphological characters or standard DNA-barcoding approaches. Once they reach Asia and are traded in this region the skin is removed and they are treated with chemicals that eliminate many key diagnostic characters and degrade their DNA ("processed fins"). Here, we present a validated mini-barcode assay based on partial sequences of the cytochrome oxidase I gene that can reliably identify the processed fins of seven of the eight CITES listed shark species. We also demonstrate that the assay can even frequently identify the species or genus of origin of shark fin soup (31 out of 50 samples).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Fields
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States of America
| | | | - Rowena Eng
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States of America
| | - Kevin Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois, 60605, United States of America
| | - Demian D. Chapman
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States of America
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Chapman DD, Feldheim KA, Papastamatiou YP, Hueter RE. There and back again: a review of residency and return migrations in sharks, with implications for population structure and management. Ann Rev Mar Sci 2015; 7:547-70. [PMID: 25251267 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010814-015730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The overexploitation of sharks has become a global environmental issue in need of a comprehensive and multifaceted management response. Tracking studies are beginning to elucidate how shark movements shape the internal dynamics and structure of populations, which determine the most appropriate scale of these management efforts. Tracked sharks frequently either remain in a restricted geographic area for an extended period of time (residency) or return to a previously resided-in area after making long-distance movements (site fidelity). Genetic studies have shown that some individuals of certain species preferentially return to their exact birthplaces (natal philopatry) or birth regions (regional philopatry) for either parturition or mating, even though they make long-distance movements that would allow them to breed elsewhere. More than 80 peer-reviewed articles, constituting the majority of published shark tracking and population genetic studies, provide evidence of at least one of these behaviors in a combined 31 shark species from six of the eight extant orders. Residency, site fidelity, and philopatry can alone or in combination structure many coastal shark populations on finer geographic scales than expected based on their potential for dispersal. This information should therefore be used to scale and inform assessment, management, and conservation activities intended to restore depleted shark populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demian D Chapman
- Institute for Ocean Conservation Science and School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5000;
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Nalluri D, Baumann Z, Abercrombie DL, Chapman DD, Hammerschmidt CR, Fisher NS. Methylmercury in dried shark fins and shark fin soup from American restaurants. Sci Total Environ 2014; 496:644-648. [PMID: 24835340 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of meat from large predatory sharks exposes human consumers to high levels of toxic monomethylmercury (MMHg). There also have been claims that shark fins, and hence the Asian delicacy shark fin soup, contain harmful levels of neurotoxic chemicals in combination with MMHg, although concentrations of MMHg in shark fins are unknown. We measured MMHg in dried, unprocessed fins (n=50) of 13 shark species that occur in the international trade of dried shark fins as well as 50 samples of shark fin soup prepared by restaurants from around the United States. Concentrations of MMHg in fins ranged from 9 to 1720 ng/g dry wt. MMHg in shark fin soup ranged from <0.01 to 34 ng/mL, with MMHg averaging 62 ± 7% of total Hg. The highest concentrations of MMHg and total Hg were observed in both fins and soup from large, high trophic level sharks such as hammerheads (Sphyrna spp.). Consumption of a 240 mL bowl of shark fin soup containing the average concentration of MMHg (4.6 ng/mL) would result in a dose of 1.1 μg MMHg, which is 16% of the U.S. EPA's reference dose (0.1 μg MMHg per 1 kg per day in adults) of 7.4 μg per day for a 74 kg person. If consumed, the soup containing the highest measured MMHg concentration would exceed the reference dose by 17%. While shark fin soup represents a potentially important source of MMHg to human consumers, other seafood products, particularly the flesh of apex marine predators, contain much higher MMHg concentrations and can result in substantially greater exposures of this contaminant for people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Nalluri
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, United States
| | - Zofia Baumann
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Avery Point, Groton, CT 06340, United States.
| | - Debra L Abercrombie
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, United States
| | - Demian D Chapman
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, United States
| | - Chad R Hammerschmidt
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, United States
| | - Nicholas S Fisher
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Avery Point, Groton, CT 06340, United States
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O’Leary SJ, Dunton KJ, King TL, Frisk MG, Chapman DD. Genetic diversity and effective size of Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrhinchus oxyrhinchus river spawning populations estimated from the microsatellite genotypes of marine-captured juveniles. CONSERV GENET 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-014-0609-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Reyier EA, Franks BR, Chapman DD, Scheidt DM, Stolen ED, Gruber SH. Regional-scale migrations and habitat use of juvenile lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) in the US South Atlantic. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88470. [PMID: 24586329 PMCID: PMC3935833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolving the geographic extent and timing of coastal shark migrations, as well as their environmental cues, is essential for refining shark management strategies in anticipation of increasing anthropogenic stressors to coastal ecosystems. We employed a regional-scale passive acoustic telemetry array encompassing 300 km of the east Florida coast to assess what factors influence site fidelity of juvenile lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) to an exposed coastal nursery at Cape Canaveral, and to document the timing and rate of their seasonal migrations. Movements of 54 juvenile lemon sharks were monitored for three years with individuals tracked for up to 751 days. While most sharks demonstrated site fidelity to the Cape Canaveral region December through February under typical winter water temperatures, historically extreme declines in ocean temperature were accompanied by rapid and often temporary, southward displacements of up to 190 km along the Florida east coast. From late February through April each year, most sharks initiated a northward migration at speeds of up to 64 km day−1 with several individuals then detected in compatible estuarine telemetry arrays in Georgia and South Carolina up to 472 km from release locations. Nineteen sharks returned for a second or even third consecutive winter, thus demonstrating strong seasonal philopatry to the Cape Canaveral region. The long distance movements and habitat associations of immature lemon sharks along the US southeast coast contrast sharply with the natal site fidelity observed in this species at other sites in the western Atlantic Ocean. These findings validate the existing multi-state management strategies now in place. Results also affirm the value of collaborative passive arrays for resolving seasonal movements and habitat preferences of migratory coastal shark species not easily studied with other tagging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Reyier
- Kennedy Space Center Ecological Program and InoMedic Health Applications, Kennedy Space Center, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Bryan R. Franks
- Department of Biology, Florida Southern College, Lakeland, Florida, United States of America
| | - Demian D. Chapman
- Institute for Ocean Conservation Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Douglas M. Scheidt
- Kennedy Space Center Ecological Program and InoMedic Health Applications, Kennedy Space Center, Florida, United States of America
| | - Eric D. Stolen
- Kennedy Space Center Ecological Program and InoMedic Health Applications, Kennedy Space Center, Florida, United States of America
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Feldheim KA, Gruber SH, DiBattista JD, Babcock EA, Kessel ST, Hendry AP, Pikitch EK, Ashley MV, Chapman DD. Two decades of genetic profiling yields first evidence of natal philopatry and long-term fidelity to parturition sites in sharks. Mol Ecol 2013; 23:110-7. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution; Field Museum of Natural History; 1400 South Lake Shore Drive Chicago IL 60605 USA
| | - Samuel H. Gruber
- Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries; Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science; 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami FL 33149 USA
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation; Miami FL 33176 USA
| | - Joseph D. DiBattista
- Red Sea Research Center; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Elizabeth A. Babcock
- Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries; Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science; 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami FL 33149 USA
| | - Steven T. Kessel
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research; 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology; McGill University; 859 Sherbrooke Street West Montréal QC H3A 2K6 Canada
| | - Ellen K. Pikitch
- Institute for Ocean Conservation Science/School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook NY 11794-5000 USA
| | - Mary V. Ashley
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Illinois at Chicago; 845 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60608 USA
| | - Demian D. Chapman
- Institute for Ocean Conservation Science/School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook NY 11794-5000 USA
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O'Leary SJ, Hice LA, Feldheim KA, Frisk MG, McElroy AE, Fast MD, Chapman DD. Severe inbreeding and small effective number of breeders in a formerly abundant marine fish. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66126. [PMID: 23762473 PMCID: PMC3676343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to freshwater fish it is presumed that marine fish are unlikely to spawn with close relatives due to the dilution effect of large breeding populations and their propensity for movement and reproductive mixing. Inbreeding is therefore not typically a focal concern of marine fish management. We measured the effective number of breeders in 6 New York estuaries for winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), a formerly abundant fish, using 11 microsatellite markers (6–56 alleles per locus). The effective number of breeders for 1–2 years was remarkably small, with point estimates ranging from 65–289 individuals. Excess homozygosity was detected at 10 loci in all bays (FIS = 0.169–0.283) and individuals exhibited high average internal relatedness (IR; mean = 0.226). These both indicate that inbreeding is very common in all bays, after testing for and ruling out alternative explanations such as technical and sampling artifacts. This study demonstrates that even historically common marine fish can be prone to inbreeding, a factor that should be considered in fisheries management and conservation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon J O'Leary
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America.
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O’Leary SJ, Feldheim KA, Chapman DD. Novel microsatellite loci for winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectus americanus). CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-012-9854-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chapman DD, Wintner SP, Abercrombie DL, Ashe J, Bernard AM, Shivji MS, Feldheim KA. The behavioural and genetic mating system of the sand tiger shark, Carcharias taurus, an intrauterine cannibal. Biol Lett 2013; 9:20130003. [PMID: 23637391 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2013.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sand tiger sharks (Carcharias taurus) have an unusual mode of reproduction, whereby the first embryos in each of the paired uteri to reach a certain size ('hatchlings') consume all of their smaller siblings during gestation ('embryonic cannibalism' or EC). If females commonly mate with multiple males ('behavioural polyandry') then litters could initially have multiple sires. It is possible, however, that EC could exclude of all but one of these sires from producing offspring thus influencing the species genetic mating system ('genetic monogamy'). Here, we use microsatellite DNA profiling of mothers and their litters (n = 15, from two to nine embryos per litter) to quantify the frequency of behavioural and genetic polyandry in this system. We conservatively estimate that nine of the females we examined (60%) were behaviourally polyandrous. The genetic mating system was characterized by assessing sibling relationships between hatchlings and revealed only 40 per cent genetic polyandry (i.e. hatchlings were full siblings in 60% of litters). The discrepancy stemmed from three females that were initially fertilized by multiple males but only produced hatchlings with one of them. This reveals that males can be excluded even after fertilizing ova and that some instances of genetic monogamy in this population arise from the reduction in litter size by EC. More research is needed on how cryptic post-copulatory and post-zygotic processes contribute to determining paternity and bridging the behavioural and genetic mating systems of viviparous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demian D Chapman
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Institute for Ocean Conservation Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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Corcoran MJ, Wetherbee BM, Shivji MS, Potenski MD, Chapman DD, Harvey GM. Supplemental feeding for ecotourism reverses diel activity and alters movement patterns and spatial distribution of the southern stingray, Dasyatis americana. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59235. [PMID: 23527144 PMCID: PMC3601053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Southern stingrays, Dasyatis americana, have been provided supplemental food in ecotourism operations at Stingray City Sandbar (SCS), Grand Cayman since 1986, with this site becoming one of the world’s most famous and heavily visited marine wildlife interaction venues. Given expansion of marine wildlife interactive tourism worldwide, there are questions about the effects of such activities on the focal species and their ecosystems. We used a combination of acoustic telemetry and tag-recapture efforts to test the hypothesis that human-sourced supplemental feeding has altered stingray activity patterns and habitat use at SCS relative to wild animals at control sites. Secondarily, we also qualitatively estimated the population size of stingrays supporting this major ecotourism venue. Tag-recapture data indicated that a population of at least 164 stingrays, over 80% female, utilized the small area at SCS for prolonged periods of time. Examination of comparative movements of mature female stingrays at SCS and control sites revealed strong differences between the two groups: The fed animals demonstrated a notable inversion of diel activity, being constantly active during the day with little movement at night compared to the nocturnally active wild stingrays; The fed stingrays utilized significantly (p<0.05) smaller 24 hour activity spaces compared to wild conspecifics, staying in close proximity to the ecotourism site; Fed stingrays showed a high degree of overlap in their core activity spaces compared to wild stingrays which were largely solitary in the spaces utilized (72% vs. 3% overlap respectively). Supplemental feeding has strikingly altered movement behavior and spatial distribution of the stingrays, and generated an atypically high density of animals at SCS which could have downstream fitness costs for individuals and potentially broader ecosystem effects. These findings should help environmental managers plan mitigating measures for existing operations, and develop precautionary policies regarding proposed feeding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Corcoran
- The Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bradley M. Wetherbee
- The Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Mahmood S. Shivji
- The Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Matthew D. Potenski
- The Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Demian D. Chapman
- The Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Guy M. Harvey
- The Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, Florida, United States of America
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Chapman DD, Frisk MG, Abercrombie DL, Safina C, Gruber SH, Babcock EA, Feldheim KA, Pikitch EK, Ward-Paige C, Davis B, Kessel S, Heithaus M, Worm B. Give shark sanctuaries a chance. Science 2013; 339:757. [PMID: 23413336 DOI: 10.1126/science.339.6121.757-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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O’Leary SJ, Feldheim KA, Chapman DD. Novel microsatellite loci for white, Carcharodon carcharias and sandtiger sharks, Carcharias taurus (order Lamniformes). CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-013-9866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pinhal D, Shivji MS, Nachtigall PG, Chapman DD, Martins C. A streamlined DNA tool for global identification of heavily exploited coastal shark species (genus Rhizoprionodon). PLoS One 2012; 7:e34797. [PMID: 22496864 PMCID: PMC3322161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obtaining accurate species-specific landings data is an essential step toward achieving sustainable shark fisheries. Globally distributed sharpnose sharks (genus Rhizoprionodon) exhibit life-history characteristics (rapid growth, early maturity, annual reproduction) that suggests that they could be fished in a sustainable manner assuming an investment in monitoring, assessment and careful management. However, obtaining species-specific landings data for sharpnose sharks is problematic because they are morphologically very similar to one another. Moreover, sharpnose sharks may also be confused with other small sharks (either small species or juveniles of large species) once they are processed (i.e., the head and fins are removed). Here we present a highly streamlined molecular genetics approach based on seven species-specific PCR primers in a multiplex format that can simultaneously discriminate body parts from the seven described sharpnose shark species commonly occurring in coastal fisheries worldwide. The species-specific primers are based on nucleotide sequence differences among species in the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 locus (ITS2). This approach also distinguishes sharpnose sharks from a wide range of other sharks (52 species) and can therefore assist in the regulation of coastal shark fisheries around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danillo Pinhal
- Departament of Genetics, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Hussey NE, MacNeil MA, Olin JA, McMeans BC, Kinney MJ, Chapman DD, Fisk AT. Stable isotopes and elasmobranchs: tissue types, methods, applications and assumptions. J Fish Biol 2012; 80:1449-84. [PMID: 22497393 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03251.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Stable-isotope analysis (SIA) can act as a powerful ecological tracer with which to examine diet, trophic position and movement, as well as more complex questions pertaining to community dynamics and feeding strategies or behaviour among aquatic organisms. With major advances in the understanding of the methodological approaches and assumptions of SIA through dedicated experimental work in the broader literature coupled with the inherent difficulty of studying typically large, highly mobile marine predators, SIA is increasingly being used to investigate the ecology of elasmobranchs (sharks, skates and rays). Here, the current state of SIA in elasmobranchs is reviewed, focusing on available tissues for analysis, methodological issues relating to the effects of lipid extraction and urea, the experimental dynamics of isotopic incorporation, diet-tissue discrimination factors, estimating trophic position, diet and mixing models and individual specialization and niche-width analyses. These areas are discussed in terms of assumptions made when applying SIA to the study of elasmobranch ecology and the requirement that investigators standardize analytical approaches. Recommendations are made for future SIA experimental work that would improve understanding of stable-isotope dynamics and advance their application in the study of sharks, skates and rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Hussey
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
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Bond ME, Babcock EA, Pikitch EK, Abercrombie DL, Lamb NF, Chapman DD. Reef sharks exhibit site-fidelity and higher relative abundance in marine reserves on the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32983. [PMID: 22412965 PMCID: PMC3297616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcharhinid sharks can make up a large fraction of the top predators inhabiting tropical marine ecosystems and have declined in many regions due to intense fishing pressure. There is some support for the hypothesis that carcharhinid species that complete their life-cycle within coral reef ecosystems, hereafter referred to as “reef sharks”, are more abundant inside no-take marine reserves due to a reduction in fishing pressure (i.e., they benefit from marine reserves). Key predictions of this hypothesis are that (a) individual reef sharks exhibit high site-fidelity to these protected areas and (b) their relative abundance will generally be higher in these areas compared to fished reefs. To test this hypothesis for the first time in Caribbean coral reef ecosystems we combined acoustic monitoring and baited remote underwater video (BRUV) surveys to measure reef shark site-fidelity and relative abundance, respectively. We focused on the Caribbean reef shark (Carcharhinus perezi), the most common reef shark in the Western Atlantic, at Glover's Reef Marine Reserve (GRMR), Belize. Acoustically tagged sharks (N = 34) were detected throughout the year at this location and exhibited strong site-fidelity. Shark presence or absence on 200 BRUVs deployed at GRMR and three other sites (another reserve site and two fished reefs) showed that the factor “marine reserve” had a significant positive effect on reef shark presence. We rejected environmental factors or site-environment interactions as predominant drivers of this pattern. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that marine reserves can benefit reef shark populations and we suggest new hypotheses to determine the underlying mechanism(s) involved: reduced fishing mortality or enhanced prey availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Bond
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America.
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Chapman DD, Simpfendorfer CA, Wiley TR, Poulakis GR, Curtis C, Tringali M, Carlson JK, Feldheim KA. Genetic diversity despite population collapse in a critically endangered marine fish: the smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 102:643-52. [PMID: 21926063 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esr098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sawfish (family Pristidae) are among the most critically endangered marine fish in the world, yet very little is known about how genetic bottlenecks, genetic drift, and inbreeding depression may be affecting these elasmobranchs. In the US Atlantic, the smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata) has declined to 1-5% of its abundance in the 1900s, and its core distribution has contracted to southwest Florida. We used 8 polymorphic microsatellite markers to show that this remnant population still exhibits high genetic diversity in terms of average allelic richness (18.23), average alleles per locus (18.75, standard deviation [SD] 6.6) and observed heterozygosity (0.43-0.98). Inbreeding is rare (mean individual internal relatedness = -0.02, SD 0.14; F(IS) = -0.011, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.039 to 0.011), even though the estimated effective population size (N(e)) is modest (250-350, 95% CI = 142-955). Simulations suggest that the remnant smalltooth sawfish population will probably retain >90% of its current genetic diversity over the next century even at the lower estimate of N(e). There is no evidence of a genetic bottleneck accompanying last century's demographic bottleneck, and we discuss hypotheses that could explain this. We also discuss features of elasmobranch life history and population biology that could make them less vulnerable than other large marine vertebrates to genetic change associated with reduced population size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demian D Chapman
- Institute for Ocean Conservation Science & School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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Benavides MT, Horn RL, Feldheim KA, Shivji MS, Clarke SC, Wintner S, Natanson L, Braccini M, Boomer JJ, Gulak SJB, Chapman DD. Global phylogeography of the dusky shark Carcharhinus obscurus: implications for fisheries management and monitoring the shark fin trade. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2011. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Fitzpatrick S, Shivji MS, Chapman DD, Prodöhl PA. Development and characterization of 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci for the blue shark, Prionace glauca, and their cross shark-species amplification. CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-011-9395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chapman DD, Pinhal D, Shivji MS. Tracking the fin trade: genetic stock identification in western Atlantic scalloped hammerhead sharks Sphyrna lewini. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2009. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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