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Shamon H, Maor R, Cove MV, Kays R, Adley J, Alexander PD, Allen DN, Allen ML, Appel CL, Barr E, Barthelmess EL, Baruzzi C, Bashaw K, Bastille-Rousseau G, Baugh ME, Belant J, Benson JF, Bespoyasny BA, Bird T, Bogan DA, Brandt LSE, Bresnan CE, Brooke JM, Buderman FE, Buzzell SG, Cheeseman AE, Chitwood MC, Chrysafis P, Collins MK, Collins DP, Compton JA, Conner LM, Cosby OG, Coster SS, Crawford B, Crupi AP, Darracq AK, Davis ML, DeGregorio BA, Denningmann KL, Dougherty KD, Driver A, Edelman AJ, Ellington EH, Ellis-Felege SN, Ellison CN, Fantle-Lepczyk JE, Farris ZJ, Favreau J, Fernandez P, Fisher-Reid MC, Fitzpatrick MC, Flaherty EA, Forrester TD, Fritts SR, Gallo T, Gerber BD, Giery ST, Glasscock JL, Gonatas AD, Grady AC, Green AM, Gregory T, Griffin N, Hagen RH, Hansen CP, Hansen LP, Hasstedt SC, Hernández-Yáñez H, Herrera DJ, Horan RV, Jackson VL, Johnson L, Jordan MJ, Kahano W, Kiser J, Knowles TW, Koeck MM, Koroly C, Kuhn KM, Kuprewicz EK, Lafferty DJR, LaPoint SD, Lashley M, Lathrop RG, Lee TE, Lepczyk CA, Lesmeister DB, Lombardi JV, Long RA, Lonsinger RC, MacKay P, Maher SP, Mason DS, Millspaugh JJ, Moll RJ, Moon JB, Mortelliti A, Mychajliw AM, Nagy CM, Neiswenter SA, Nelson DL, Nemes CE, Nielsen CK, Olson E, O'Mara MT, O'Neill BJ, Page BR, Parsons E, Pease BS, Pendergast ME, Proctor M, Quick H, Rega-Brodsky CC, Rentz MS, Rezendes K, Rich D, Risch DR, Romero A, Rooney BR, Rota CT, Samples CA, Schalk CM, Sekercioğlu ÇH, Sergeyev M, Smith AB, Smith DS, Sperry JH, Stenglein JL, Stokes MK, Stutzman JS, Todd KR, Vanek JP, Varga W, Wardle ZM, Webb SL, Wehr NH, Whipple LS, Whittier CA, Widness JS, Williamson J, Wilson AM, Wolf AJ, Zimova M, Zorn AS, McShea WJ. SNAPSHOT USA 2021: A third coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States. Ecology 2024:e4318. [PMID: 38693703 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
SNAPSHOT USA is a multicontributor, long-term camera trap survey designed to survey mammals across the United States. Participants are recruited through community networks and directly through a website application (https://www.snapshot-usa.org/). The growing Snapshot dataset is useful, for example, for tracking wildlife population responses to land use, land cover, and climate changes across spatial and temporal scales. Here we present the SNAPSHOT USA 2021 dataset, the third national camera trap survey across the US. Data were collected across 109 camera trap arrays and included 1711 camera sites. The total effort equaled 71,519 camera trap nights and resulted in 172,507 sequences of animal observations. Sampling effort varied among camera trap arrays, with a minimum of 126 camera trap nights, a maximum of 3355 nights, a median 546 nights, and a mean 656 ± 431 nights. This third dataset comprises 51 camera trap arrays that were surveyed during 2019, 2020, and 2021, along with 71 camera trap arrays that were surveyed in 2020 and 2021. All raw data and accompanying metadata are stored on Wildlife Insights (https://www.wildlifeinsights.org/), and are publicly available upon acceptance of the data papers. SNAPSHOT USA aims to sample multiple ecoregions in the United States with adequate representation of each ecoregion according to its relative size. Currently, the relative density of camera trap arrays varies by an order of magnitude for the various ecoregions (0.22-5.9 arrays per 100,000 km2), emphasizing the need to increase sampling effort by further recruiting and retaining contributors. There are no copyright restrictions on these data. We request that authors cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Shamon
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | - Roi Maor
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
- Institute of Zoology, The Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Michael V Cove
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Roland Kays
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jessie Adley
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - David N Allen
- Department of Biology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont, USA
| | - Maximilian L Allen
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Cara L Appel
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Evan Barr
- Department of Biology, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, USA
| | - Erika L Barthelmess
- Biology Department and Nature Up North Program, St. Lawrence University, Canton, New York, USA
| | - Carolina Baruzzi
- Department of Wildlife Ecology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kelli Bashaw
- Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Paducah, Texas, USA
| | - Guillaume Bastille-Rousseau
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Madison E Baugh
- Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jerrold Belant
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - John F Benson
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Bethany A Bespoyasny
- Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Tori Bird
- Hogle Zoo, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Daniel A Bogan
- Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Siena College, Loudonville, New York, USA
| | - LaRoy S E Brandt
- Department of Biology, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee, USA
- Cumberland Mountain Research Center, Harrogate, Tennessee, USA
| | - Claire E Bresnan
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Jarred M Brooke
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Frances E Buderman
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suzannah G Buzzell
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Amanda E Cheeseman
- Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - M Colter Chitwood
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Merri K Collins
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - D Parks Collins
- Department of Biology, Mitchell Community College, Statesville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Justin A Compton
- Biology and Chemistry Department, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Olivia G Cosby
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Crawford
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Anthony P Crupi
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Douglas, Alaska, USA
| | - Andrea K Darracq
- Department of Biology, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, USA
- Watershed Studies Institute, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, USA
| | - Miranda L Davis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brett A DeGregorio
- US Geological Survey Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Kyle D Dougherty
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ace Driver
- Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Andrew J Edelman
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, Georgia, USA
| | - E Hance Ellington
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Jean E Fantle-Lepczyk
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Zach J Farris
- Department of Public Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Pilar Fernandez
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - M Caitlin Fisher-Reid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew C Fitzpatrick
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Flaherty
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Tavis D Forrester
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Sarah R Fritts
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Travis Gallo
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Brian D Gerber
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sean T Giery
- Eberly College of Science, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Alex D Gonatas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna C Grady
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Austin M Green
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tremaine Gregory
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | - Noel Griffin
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert H Hagen
- Environmental Studies Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Christopher P Hansen
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Lonnie P Hansen
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Steven C Hasstedt
- Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy, Air Force Academy, Colorado, USA
| | - Haydée Hernández-Yáñez
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | - Daniel J Herrera
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Robert V Horan
- Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division, Brunswick, Georgia, USA
| | - Victoria L Jackson
- Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Mark J Jordan
- Department of Biology, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Willaine Kahano
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Joseph Kiser
- Department of Biology, Mitchell Community College, Statesville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Travis W Knowles
- Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina, USA
| | - Molly M Koeck
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Caroline Koroly
- Department of Biology, Mitchell Community College, Statesville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kellie M Kuhn
- Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy, Air Force Academy, Colorado, USA
| | - Erin K Kuprewicz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- Connecticut State Museum of Natural History, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Diana J R Lafferty
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marqeutte, Michigan, USA
| | - Scott D LaPoint
- Black Rock Forest, Cornwall, New York, USA
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, New York, USA
| | - Marcus Lashley
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Richard G Lathrop
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Thomas E Lee
- Department of Biology, Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher A Lepczyk
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Damon B Lesmeister
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jason V Lombardi
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas, USA
| | | | - Robert C Lonsinger
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- US Geological Survey, Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Sean P Maher
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, USA
| | - David S Mason
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joshua J Millspaugh
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Remington J Moll
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jessica B Moon
- Department of Biology, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, USA
- Watershed Studies Institute, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, USA
| | - Alessio Mortelliti
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alexis M Mychajliw
- Department of Biology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont, USA
- Environmental Studies Program, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont, USA
| | | | - Sean A Neiswenter
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Dana L Nelson
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Claire E Nemes
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Clayton K Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
- Forestry Program, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | | | - M Teague O'Mara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana, USA
| | - Brian J O'Neill
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Blake R Page
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Parsons
- The Jones Center at Ichauway, Newton, Georgia, USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Brent S Pease
- Forestry Program, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Mike Proctor
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, Ardmore, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Heather Quick
- Department of Biology, Mitchell Community College, Statesville, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Michael S Rentz
- Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kylie Rezendes
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Daric Rich
- Scenic Hudson, Poughkeepsie, New York, USA
| | - Derek R Risch
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Andrea Romero
- Department of Biological Sciences; Department of Geography, Geology, and Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Christopher T Rota
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | | | | | - Çağan H Sekercioğlu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- College of Sciences, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Maksim Sergeyev
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Austin B Smith
- Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | | | - Jinelle H Sperry
- U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Jennifer L Stenglein
- Office of Applied Science, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael K Stokes
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
| | - Johnathon S Stutzman
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | - Kimberly R Todd
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | - John P Vanek
- Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York, USA
- SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Wren Varga
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Zachary M Wardle
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Natural Resources Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen L Webb
- Natural Resources Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Rangeland, Wildlife and Fisheries Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Nathaniel H Wehr
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Laura S Whipple
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marqeutte, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher A Whittier
- Tufts Center for Conservation Medicine, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jane S Widness
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Andrew M Wilson
- Environmental Studies, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Marketa Zimova
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adam S Zorn
- Huston-Brumbaugh Nature Center, University of Mount Union, Alliance, Ohio, USA
| | - William J McShea
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
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2
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Plowright RK, Ahmed AN, Coulson T, Crowther TW, Ejotre I, Faust CL, Frick WF, Hudson PJ, Kingston T, Nameer PO, O'Mara MT, Peel AJ, Possingham H, Razgour O, Reeder DM, Ruiz-Aravena M, Simmons NB, Srinivas PN, Tabor GM, Tanshi I, Thompson IG, Vanak AT, Vora NM, Willison CE, Keeley ATH. Ecological countermeasures to prevent pathogen spillover and subsequent pandemics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2577. [PMID: 38531842 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Substantial global attention is focused on how to reduce the risk of future pandemics. Reducing this risk requires investment in prevention, preparedness, and response. Although preparedness and response have received significant focus, prevention, especially the prevention of zoonotic spillover, remains largely absent from global conversations. This oversight is due in part to the lack of a clear definition of prevention and lack of guidance on how to achieve it. To address this gap, we elucidate the mechanisms linking environmental change and zoonotic spillover using spillover of viruses from bats as a case study. We identify ecological interventions that can disrupt these spillover mechanisms and propose policy frameworks for their implementation. Recognizing that pandemics originate in ecological systems, we advocate for integrating ecological approaches alongside biomedical approaches in a comprehensive and balanced pandemic prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina K Plowright
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Aliyu N Ahmed
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Tim Coulson
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - Thomas W Crowther
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Imran Ejotre
- Department of Biology, Muni University, P.O. Box 725, Arua, Uganda
| | - Christina L Faust
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Winifred F Frick
- Bat Conservation International, Austin, TX, 78746, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Peter J Hudson
- Centre for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Tigga Kingston
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409-3131, USA
| | - P O Nameer
- College of Climate Change and Environmental Science, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala, 680 656, India
| | | | - Alison J Peel
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Hugh Possingham
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Orly Razgour
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK
| | - DeeAnn M Reeder
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, 17937, USA
| | - Manuel Ruiz-Aravena
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Starkville, USA
| | - Nancy B Simmons
- Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, NY, 10024, USA
| | | | - Gary M Tabor
- Center for Large Landscape Conservation, Bozeman, MT, 59771, USA
| | - Iroro Tanshi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Small Mammal Conservation Organization, Benin City, 300251, Nigeria
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, 300000, Nigeria
| | | | - Abi T Vanak
- Centre for Policy Design, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560064, India
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - Neil M Vora
- Conservation International, Arlington, VA, 22202, USA
| | - Charley E Willison
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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3
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Burton AC, Beirne C, Gaynor KM, Sun C, Granados A, Allen ML, Alston JM, Alvarenga GC, Calderón FSÁ, Amir Z, Anhalt-Depies C, Appel C, Arroyo-Arce S, Balme G, Bar-Massada A, Barcelos D, Barr E, Barthelmess EL, Baruzzi C, Basak SM, Beenaerts N, Belmaker J, Belova O, Bezarević B, Bird T, Bogan DA, Bogdanović N, Boyce A, Boyce M, Brandt L, Brodie JF, Brooke J, Bubnicki JW, Cagnacci F, Carr BS, Carvalho J, Casaer J, Černe R, Chen R, Chow E, Churski M, Cincotta C, Ćirović D, Coates TD, Compton J, Coon C, Cove MV, Crupi AP, Farra SD, Darracq AK, Davis M, Dawe K, De Waele V, Descalzo E, Diserens TA, Drimaj J, Duľa M, Ellis-Felege S, Ellison C, Ertürk A, Fantle-Lepczyk J, Favreau J, Fennell M, Ferreras P, Ferretti F, Fiderer C, Finnegan L, Fisher JT, Fisher-Reid MC, Flaherty EA, Fležar U, Flousek J, Foca JM, Ford A, Franzetti B, Frey S, Fritts S, Frýbová Š, Furnas B, Gerber B, Geyle HM, Giménez DG, Giordano AJ, Gomercic T, Gompper ME, Gräbin DM, Gray M, Green A, Hagen R, Hagen RB, Hammerich S, Hanekom C, Hansen C, Hasstedt S, Hebblewhite M, Heurich M, Hofmeester TR, Hubbard T, Jachowski D, Jansen PA, Jaspers KJ, Jensen A, Jordan M, Kaizer MC, Kelly MJ, Kohl MT, Kramer-Schadt S, Krofel M, Krug A, Kuhn KM, Kuijper DPJ, Kuprewicz EK, Kusak J, Kutal M, Lafferty DJR, LaRose S, Lashley M, Lathrop R, Lee TE, Lepczyk C, Lesmeister DB, Licoppe A, Linnell M, Loch J, Long R, Lonsinger RC, Louvrier J, Luskin MS, MacKay P, Maher S, Manet B, Mann GKH, Marshall AJ, Mason D, McDonald Z, McKay T, McShea WJ, Mechler M, Miaud C, Millspaugh JJ, Monteza-Moreno CM, Moreira-Arce D, Mullen K, Nagy C, Naidoo R, Namir I, Nelson C, O'Neill B, O'Mara MT, Oberosler V, Osorio C, Ossi F, Palencia P, Pearson K, Pedrotti L, Pekins CE, Pendergast M, Pinho FF, Plhal R, Pocasangre-Orellana X, Price M, Procko M, Proctor MD, Ramalho EE, Ranc N, Reljic S, Remine K, Rentz M, Revord R, Reyna-Hurtado R, Risch D, Ritchie EG, Romero A, Rota C, Rovero F, Rowe H, Rutz C, Salvatori M, Sandow D, Schalk CM, Scherger J, Schipper J, Scognamillo DG, Şekercioğlu ÇH, Semenzato P, Sevin J, Shamon H, Shier C, Silva-Rodríguez EA, Sindicic M, Smyth LK, Soyumert A, Sprague T, St Clair CC, Stenglein J, Stephens PA, Stępniak KM, Stevens M, Stevenson C, Ternyik B, Thomson I, Torres RT, Tremblay J, Urrutia T, Vacher JP, Visscher D, Webb SL, Weber J, Weiss KCB, Whipple LS, Whittier CA, Whittington J, Wierzbowska I, Wikelski M, Williamson J, Wilmers CC, Windle T, Wittmer HU, Zharikov Y, Zorn A, Kays R. Mammal responses to global changes in human activity vary by trophic group and landscape. Nat Ecol Evol 2024:10.1038/s41559-024-02363-2. [PMID: 38499871 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Wildlife must adapt to human presence to survive in the Anthropocene, so it is critical to understand species responses to humans in different contexts. We used camera trapping as a lens to view mammal responses to changes in human activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Across 163 species sampled in 102 projects around the world, changes in the amount and timing of animal activity varied widely. Under higher human activity, mammals were less active in undeveloped areas but unexpectedly more active in developed areas while exhibiting greater nocturnality. Carnivores were most sensitive, showing the strongest decreases in activity and greatest increases in nocturnality. Wildlife managers must consider how habituation and uneven sensitivity across species may cause fundamental differences in human-wildlife interactions along gradients of human influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cole Burton
- Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Christopher Beirne
- Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn M Gaynor
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Departments of Zoology and Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Sun
- Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alys Granados
- Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maximilian L Allen
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Jesse M Alston
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Zachary Amir
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Cara Appel
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | | | - Avi Bar-Massada
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa at Oranim, Kiryat Tivon, Israel
| | | | - Evan Barr
- Watershed Studies Institute, Murray State University, Murray, KY, USA
| | | | - Carolina Baruzzi
- School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sayantani M Basak
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalie Beenaerts
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Belmaker
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Olgirda Belova
- Institute of Forestry, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kėdainių, Lithuania
| | | | | | | | - Neda Bogdanović
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andy Boyce
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mark Boyce
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Jedediah F Brodie
- Division of Biological Sciences & Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | | | - Jakub W Bubnicki
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Francesca Cagnacci
- Animal Ecology Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Benjamin Scott Carr
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - João Carvalho
- Department of Biology and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jim Casaer
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rok Černe
- Slovenia Forest Service, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ron Chen
- Hamaarag, Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Emily Chow
- British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Cranbrook, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marcin Churski
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland
| | | | - Duško Ćirović
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - T D Coates
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Michael V Cove
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Simone Dal Farra
- Animal Ecology Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea K Darracq
- Watershed Studies Institute, Murray State University, Murray, KY, USA
| | | | - Kimberly Dawe
- Quest University Canada, Squamish, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Esther Descalzo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Tom A Diserens
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Drimaj
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Duľa
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Friends of the Earth Czech Republic, Carnivore Conservation Programme, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Alper Ertürk
- Hunting and Wildlife Program, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Jean Fantle-Lepczyk
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Mitch Fennell
- Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pablo Ferreras
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Francesco Ferretti
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Christian Fiderer
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
- University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Jason T Fisher
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Urša Fležar
- Slovenia Forest Service, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jiří Flousek
- Krkonoše Mountains National Park, Vrchlabí, Czech Republic
| | - Jennifer M Foca
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adam Ford
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Barbara Franzetti
- Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Frey
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Šárka Frýbová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Brett Furnas
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Hayley M Geyle
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Diego G Giménez
- Society for the Preservation of Endangered Carnivores and their International Ecological Study (S.P.E.C.I.E.S.), Ventura, CA, USA
| | - Anthony J Giordano
- Society for the Preservation of Endangered Carnivores and their International Ecological Study (S.P.E.C.I.E.S.), Ventura, CA, USA
| | - Tomislav Gomercic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert Hagen
- Agricultural Center for Cattle, Grassland, Dairy, Game and Fisheries of Baden-Württemberg, Aulendorf, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark Hebblewhite
- Division of Biological Sciences & Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Marco Heurich
- Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
- University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany
- Inland Norway University, Hamar, Norway
| | - Tim R Hofmeester
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tru Hubbard
- Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI, USA
| | | | - Patrick A Jansen
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Republic of Panama
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michel T Kohl
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Stephanie Kramer-Schadt
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miha Krofel
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Dries P J Kuijper
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland
| | | | - Josip Kusak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miroslav Kutal
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Friends of the Earth Czech Republic, Carnivore Conservation Programme, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Marcus Lashley
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Christopher Lepczyk
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Damon B Lesmeister
- United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - Marco Linnell
- United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jan Loch
- Scientific Laboratory of Gorce National Park, Niedźwiedź, Poland
| | | | | | - Julie Louvrier
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthew Scott Luskin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Sean Maher
- Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | - David Mason
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - William J McShea
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Claude Miaud
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE-PSL University, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Dario Moreira-Arce
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH) and Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Itai Namir
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Carrie Nelson
- Effigy Mounds National Monument, Harper's Ferry, WV, USA
| | - Brian O'Neill
- University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Federico Ossi
- Animal Ecology Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Pablo Palencia
- University of Castilla-La Mancha Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Kimberly Pearson
- Parks Canada-Waterton Lakes National Park, Waterton Park, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Radim Plhal
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Michael Procko
- Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Nathan Ranc
- Animal Ecology Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Slaven Reljic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | - Derek Risch
- University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Euan G Ritchie
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea Romero
- University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, WI, USA
| | | | - Francesco Rovero
- Museo delle Scienze (MUSE), Trento, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Helen Rowe
- McDowell Sonoran Conservancy, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
- Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Christian Rutz
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Marco Salvatori
- Museo delle Scienze (MUSE), Trento, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Derek Sandow
- Northern and Yorke Landscape Board, Clare, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher M Schalk
- United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Nacogdoches, TX, USA
| | - Jenna Scherger
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jan Schipper
- Arizona State University, West, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Paola Semenzato
- Research, Ecology and Environment Dimension (D.R.E.A.M.), Pistoia, Italy
| | | | - Hila Shamon
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Catherine Shier
- Planning and Environmental Services, City of Edmonton, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eduardo A Silva-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio & Programa Austral Patagonia, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Magda Sindicic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucy K Smyth
- Panthera, New York, NY, USA
- iCWild, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anil Soyumert
- Hunting and Wildlife Program, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Philip A Stephens
- Conservation Ecology Group, Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Kinga Magdalena Stępniak
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Cassondra Stevenson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bálint Ternyik
- Conservation Ecology Group, Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Thomson
- Coastal Jaguar Conservation, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Rita T Torres
- Department of Biology and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | - Jean-Pierre Vacher
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE-PSL University, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Stephen L Webb
- Natural Resources Institute and Department of Rangeland, Wildlife and Fisheries Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Julian Weber
- Oeko-Log Freilandforschung, Friedrichswalde, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Izabela Wierzbowska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Christopher C Wilmers
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Todd Windle
- Parks Canada, Alberni-Clayoquot, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Adam Zorn
- University of Mount Union, Alliance, OH, USA
| | - Roland Kays
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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4
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Weber N, Nagy M, Markotter W, Schaer J, Puechmaille SJ, Sutton J, Dávalos LM, Dusabe MC, Ejotre I, Fenton MB, Knörnschild M, López-Baucells A, Medellin RA, Metz M, Mubareka S, Nsengimana O, O'Mara MT, Racey PA, Tuttle M, Twizeyimana I, Vicente-Santos A, Tschapka M, Voigt CC, Wikelski M, Dechmann DK, Reeder DM. Robust evidence for bats as reservoir hosts is lacking in most African virus studies: a review and call to optimize sampling and conserve bats. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20230358. [PMID: 37964576 PMCID: PMC10646460 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Africa experiences frequent emerging disease outbreaks among humans, with bats often proposed as zoonotic pathogen hosts. We comprehensively reviewed virus-bat findings from papers published between 1978 and 2020 to evaluate the evidence that African bats are reservoir and/or bridging hosts for viruses that cause human disease. We present data from 162 papers (of 1322) with original findings on (1) numbers and species of bats sampled across bat families and the continent, (2) how bats were selected for study inclusion, (3) if bats were terminally sampled, (4) what types of ecological data, if any, were recorded and (5) which viruses were detected and with what methodology. We propose a scheme for evaluating presumed virus-host relationships by evidence type and quality, using the contrasting available evidence for Orthoebolavirus versus Orthomarburgvirus as an example. We review the wording in abstracts and discussions of all 162 papers, identifying key framing terms, how these refer to findings, and how they might contribute to people's beliefs about bats. We discuss the impact of scientific research communication on public perception and emphasize the need for strategies that minimize human-bat conflict and support bat conservation. Finally, we make recommendations for best practices that will improve virological study metadata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Weber
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- University of Ulm, Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martina Nagy
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wanda Markotter
- Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Juliane Schaer
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sébastien J. Puechmaille
- ISEM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Liliana M. Dávalos
- Department of Ecology and Evolution and Consortium for Inter-Disciplinary Environmental Research, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | | | - Imran Ejotre
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
- Muni University, Arua, Uganda
| | - M. Brock Fenton
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mirjam Knörnschild
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
- Evolutionary Ethology, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | | | - Rodrigo A. Medellin
- Institute of Ecology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Samira Mubareka
- Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - M. Teague O'Mara
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
- Bat Conservation International Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA, USA
| | - Paul A. Racey
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Merlin Tuttle
- Merlin Tuttle's Bat Conservation, Austin, TX USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | | | - Amanda Vicente-Santos
- Graduate Program in Population Biology, Ecology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Marco Tschapka
- University of Ulm, Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | | | - Martin Wikelski
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dina K.N. Dechmann
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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5
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O'Mara MT. Conservation: Tracking bats around wind turbines. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R136-R138. [PMID: 36854268 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Alternative energy is essential for a green future but comes at a high risk for animals. New research shows that forest-based wind turbines may create an ecological trap for bats that typically are repelled by wind turbines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teague O'Mara
- Bat Conservation International, 500 North Capital of Texas Highway Building 1, Austin, TX 78746, USA; Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany; Southeastern Louisiana University, 808 N Pine Ext, Hammond, LA 70402, USA; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092 Panamá, República de Panamá.
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6
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Kays R, Cove MV, Diaz J, Todd K, Bresnan C, Snider M, Lee TE, Jasper JG, Douglas B, Crupi AP, Weiss KCB, Rowe H, Sprague T, Schipper J, Lepczyk CA, Fantle‐Lepczyk JE, Davenport J, Zimova M, Farris Z, Williamson J, Fisher‐Reid MC, Rezendes D, King SM, Chrysafis P, Jensen AJ, Jachowski DS, King KC, Herrera DJ, Moore S, van der Merwe M, Lombardi JV, Sergeyev M, Tewes ME, Horan RV, Rentz MS, Driver A, Brandt LRSE, Nagy C, Alexander P, Maher SP, Darracq AK, Barr EG, Hess G, Webb SL, Proctor MD, Vanek JP, Lafferty DJR, Hubbard T, Jiménez JE, McCain C, Favreau J, Fogarty J, Hill J, Hammerich S, Gray M, Rega‐Brodsky CC, Durbin C, Flaherty EA, Brooke J, Coster SS, Lathrop RG, Russell K, Bogan DA, Shamon H, Rooney B, Rockhill A, Lonsinger RC, O'Mara MT, Compton JA, Barthelmess EL, Andy KE, Belant JL, Petroelje T, Wehr NH, Beyer DE, Scognamillo DG, Schalk C, Day K, Ellison CN, Ruthven C, Nunley B, Fritts S, Whittier CA, Neiswenter SA, Pelletier R, DeGregorio BA, Kuprewicz EK, Davis ML, Baruzzi C, Lashley MA, McDonald B, Mason D, Risch DR, Allen ML, Whipple LS, Sperry JH, Alexander E, Wolff PJ, Hagen RH, Mortelliti A, Bolinjcar A, Wilson AM, Van Norman S, Powell C, Coletto H, Schauss M, Bontrager H, Beasley J, Ellis‐Felege SN, Wehr SR, Giery ST, Pekins CE, LaRose SH, Revord RS, Hansen CP, Hansen L, Millspaugh JJ, Zorn A, Gerber BD, Rezendes K, Adley J, Sevin J, Green AM, Şekercioğlu ÇH, Pendergast ME, Mullen K, Bird T, Edelman AJ, Romero A, O'Neill BJ, Schmitz N, Vandermus RA, Alston JM, Kuhn KM, Hasstedt SC, Lesmeister DB, Appel CL, Rota C, Stenglein JL, Anhalt‐Depies C, Nelson CL, Long RA, Remine KR, Jordan MJ, Elbroch LM, Bergman D, Cendejas‐Zarelli S, Sager‐Fradkin K, Conner M, Morris G, Parsons E, Hernández‐Yáñez H, McShea WJ. SNAPSHOT USA 2020: A second coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ecology 2022; 103:e3775. [PMID: 35661139 PMCID: PMC9347782 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Managing wildlife populations in the face of global change requires regular data on the abundance and distribution of wild animals, but acquiring these over appropriate spatial scales in a sustainable way has proven challenging. Here we present the data from Snapshot USA 2020, a second annual national mammal survey of the USA. This project involved 152 scientists setting camera traps in a standardized protocol at 1485 locations across 103 arrays in 43 states for a total of 52,710 trap-nights of survey effort. Most (58) of these arrays were also sampled during the same months (September and October) in 2019, providing a direct comparison of animal populations in 2 years that includes data from both during and before the COVID-19 pandemic. All data were managed by the eMammal system, with all species identifications checked by at least two reviewers. In total, we recorded 117,415 detections of 78 species of wild mammals, 9236 detections of at least 43 species of birds, 15,851 detections of six domestic animals and 23,825 detections of humans or their vehicles. Spatial differences across arrays explained more variation in the relative abundance than temporal variation across years for all 38 species modeled, although there are examples of significant site-level differences among years for many species. Temporal results show how species allocate their time and can be used to study species interactions, including between humans and wildlife. These data provide a snapshot of the mammal community of the USA for 2020 and will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, and the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. There are no copyright restrictions, and please cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Kays
- Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA,North Carolina Museum of Natural SciencesRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Michael V. Cove
- North Carolina Museum of Natural SciencesRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jose Diaz
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | - Kimberly Todd
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | - Claire Bresnan
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | - Matt Snider
- Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Thomas E. Lee
- Department of BiologyAbilene Christian UniversityAbileneTexasUSA
| | | | - Brianna Douglas
- Department of BiologyAbilene Christian UniversityAbileneTexasUSA
| | - Anthony P. Crupi
- Alaska Department of Fish and GameDivision of Wildlife ConservationDouglasAlaskaUSA
| | - Katherine C. B. Weiss
- Arizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA,Field Conservation Research DepartmentArizona Center for Nature Conservation/Phoenix ZooPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Helen Rowe
- McDowell Sonoran ConservancyScottsdaleArizonaUSA
| | | | - Jan Schipper
- Field Conservation Research DepartmentArizona Center for Nature Conservation/Phoenix ZooPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | | | | | - Jon Davenport
- Department of BiologyAppalachian State UniversityBooneNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Marketa Zimova
- Department of BiologyAppalachian State UniversityBooneNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Zach Farris
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceAppalachian State UniversityBooneNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jacque Williamson
- Department of Education & ConservationBrandywine Zoo‐Delaware State ParksWilmingtonDelawareUSA
| | - M. Caitlin Fisher‐Reid
- Department of Biological SciencesBridgewater State UniversityBridgewaterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Drew Rezendes
- Department of Biological SciencesBridgewater State UniversityBridgewaterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sean M. King
- Department of Biological SciencesBridgewater State UniversityBridgewaterMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Alex J. Jensen
- Department of Forestry and Environmental ConservationClemson UniversityClemsonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - David S. Jachowski
- Department of Forestry and Environmental ConservationClemson UniversityClemsonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Daniel J. Herrera
- DC Cat Count at the Humane Rescue AllianceWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Sophie Moore
- DC Cat Count at the Humane Rescue AllianceWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | | | - Jason V. Lombardi
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research InstituteTexas A&M University‐KingsvilleKingsvilleTexasUSA
| | - Maksim Sergeyev
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research InstituteTexas A&M University‐KingsvilleKingsvilleTexasUSA
| | - Michael E. Tewes
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research InstituteTexas A&M University‐KingsvilleKingsvilleTexasUSA
| | - Robert V. Horan
- Georgia Department of Natural ResourcesWildlife Resources DivisionBrunswickGeorgiaUSA
| | - Michael S. Rentz
- Natural Resource Ecology and ManagementIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Ace Driver
- Natural Resource Ecology and ManagementIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - La Roy S. E. Brandt
- Cumberland Mountain Research CenterLincoln Memorial UniversityHarrogateTennesseeUSA
| | | | | | - Sean P. Maher
- Department of BiologyMissouri State UniversitySpringfieldMissouriUSA
| | | | - Evan G. Barr
- Department of BiologyMurray State UniversityMurrayKentuckyUSA
| | - George Hess
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | | | | | - John P. Vanek
- Department of Biological SciencesNorthern Illinois UniversityDeKalbIllinoisUSA
| | - Diana J. R. Lafferty
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of BiologyNorthern Michigan UniversityMarqeutteMichiganUSA
| | - Tru Hubbard
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of BiologyNorthern Michigan UniversityMarqeutteMichiganUSA
| | - Jaime E. Jiménez
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research InstituteUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
| | - Craig McCain
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research InstituteUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
| | | | | | - Jacob Hill
- Department BiologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Morgan Gray
- Pepperwood FoundationSanta RosaCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Caleb Durbin
- Biology DepartmentPittsburg State UniversityPittsburgKansasUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. Flaherty
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Jarred Brooke
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | | | - Richard G. Lathrop
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural ResourcesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Katarina Russell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural ResourcesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Daniel A. Bogan
- Department of Environmental Studies and SciencesSiena CollegeLoudonvilleNew YorkUSA
| | - Hila Shamon
- Silvio O Conte National Fish and Wildlife RefugeBrunswickVermontUSA
| | | | - Aimee Rockhill
- Department of Geosciences and Natural ResourcesWestern Carolina UniversityCullowheeNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Robert C. Lonsinger
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | - M. Teague O'Mara
- Department of Biological SciencesSoutheastern Louisiana UniversityHammondLouisianaUSA
| | - Justin A. Compton
- Biology and Chemistry DepartmentSpringfield CollegeSpringfieldMassachusettsUSA
| | - Erika L. Barthelmess
- Biology Department and Nature Up North ProgramSt. Lawrence UniversityCantonNew YorkUSA
| | - Katherine E. Andy
- Biology Department and Nature Up North ProgramSt. Lawrence UniversityCantonNew YorkUSA
| | - Jerrold L. Belant
- Global Wildlife Conservation CenterState University of New York College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Tyler Petroelje
- Global Wildlife Conservation CenterState University of New York College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Nathaniel H. Wehr
- Global Wildlife Conservation CenterState University of New York College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Dean E. Beyer
- Wildlife DivisionMichigan Department of Natural ResourcesLansingMichiganUSA
| | - Daniel G. Scognamillo
- Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture – Stephen F. Austin State UniversityNacogdochesTexasUSA
| | - Chris Schalk
- Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture – Stephen F. Austin State UniversityNacogdochesTexasUSA
| | - Kara Day
- Georgia Department of Natural ResourcesSocial CircleGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Chip Ruthven
- Texas Parks and Wildlife DepartmentPaducahTexasUSA
| | | | - Sarah Fritts
- Department of BiologyTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTexasUSA
| | - Christopher A. Whittier
- Tufts Center for Conservation MedicineCummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts UniversityNorth GraftonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sean A. Neiswenter
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Robert Pelletier
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Brett A. DeGregorio
- U.S. Geological Survey Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research UnitUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansasUSA
| | - Erin K. Kuprewicz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticutUSA
| | - Miranda L. Davis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticutUSA
| | - Carolina Baruzzi
- School of Forest, Fisheries, & Geomatics SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Marcus A. Lashley
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Brandon McDonald
- Crocodile Lake National Wildlife RefugeKey LargoFloridaUSA,Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - David Mason
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Derek R. Risch
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental ManagementUniversity of Hawaii at MānoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Maximilian L. Allen
- Illinois Natural History SurveyUniversity of IllinoisChampaignIllinoisUSA,Department of Natural Resources and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Laura S. Whipple
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Jinelle H. Sperry
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA,Engineer Research and Development CenterChampaignIllinoisUSA
| | - Emmarie Alexander
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Robert H. Hagen
- Environmental Studies ProgramUniversity of KansasLawrenceKansasUSA
| | - Alessio Mortelliti
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MaineOronoMaineUSA
| | - Amay Bolinjcar
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MaineOronoMaineUSA
| | - Andrew M. Wilson
- Environmental StudiesGettysburg CollegeGettysburgPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Cailey Powell
- Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of IndiansRoseburgOregonUSA
| | - Henry Coletto
- Friends of Cañada de los Osos Ecological ReserveGilroyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Martha Schauss
- Friends of Cañada de los Osos Ecological ReserveGilroyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Helen Bontrager
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, D. B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAikenSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - James Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, D. B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAikenSouth CarolinaUSA
| | | | | | - Sean T. Giery
- Eberly College of Science, Department of BiologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Charles E. Pekins
- Fort Hood Natural Resources Management BranchUSA Army GarrisonFort HoodTexasUSA
| | - Summer H. LaRose
- Center for AgroforestryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Ronald S. Revord
- Center for AgroforestryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Christopher P. Hansen
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA
| | - Lonnie Hansen
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA
| | - Joshua J. Millspaugh
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA
| | - Adam Zorn
- Huston‐Brumbaugh Nature CenterUniversity of Mount UnionAllianceOhioUSA
| | - Brian D. Gerber
- Department of Natural Resources ScienceUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode IslandUSA
| | - Kylie Rezendes
- Department of Natural Resources ScienceUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode IslandUSA
| | - Jessie Adley
- Department of Natural Resources ScienceUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode IslandUSA
| | - Jennifer Sevin
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RichmondRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Austin M. Green
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Çağan H. Şekercioğlu
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA,College of SciencesKoç UniversityRumelifeneriİstanbulTurkey
| | | | | | - Tori Bird
- Utah's Hogle ZooSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | | | - Andrea Romero
- Department of Biological Sciences; Department of Geography, Geology, and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Wisconsin‐WhitewaterWhitewaterWisconsinUSA
| | - Brian J. O'Neill
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐WhitewaterWhitewaterWisconsinUSA
| | - Noel Schmitz
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐WhitewaterWhitewaterWisconsinUSA
| | - Rebecca A. Vandermus
- Department of Biological Sciences; Department of Geography, Geology, and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Wisconsin‐WhitewaterWhitewaterWisconsinUSA
| | - Jesse M. Alston
- Program in Ecology, Department of Zoology and PhysiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - Kellie M. Kuhn
- Department of BiologyUS Air Force Academy, USAFAColorado SpringsColoradoUSA
| | - Steven C. Hasstedt
- Department of BiologyUS Air Force Academy, USAFAColorado SpringsColoradoUSA
| | | | - Cara L. Appel
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Christopher Rota
- Division of Forestry and Natural ResourcesWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Jennifer L. Stenglein
- Office of Applied ScienceWisconsin Department of Natural ResourcesMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | | | - Carrie L. Nelson
- U.S. Forest Service, Chequamegon‐Nicolet National ForestGreat Divide Ranger DistrictHaywardWisconsinUSA
| | | | | | - Mark J. Jordan
- Department of BiologySeattle UniversitySeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Mike Conner
- The Jones Center at IchauwayNewtonGeorgiaUSA
| | - Gail Morris
- The Jones Center at IchauwayNewtonGeorgiaUSA
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7
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Kohles JE, O'Mara MT, Dechmann DKN. A conceptual framework to predict social information use based on food ephemerality and individual resource requirements. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:2039-2056. [PMID: 35932159 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Environmental variability poses a range of challenges to foraging animals trying to meet their energetic needs. Where food patches are unpredictable but shareable, animals can use social information to locate patches more efficiently or reliably. However, resource unpredictability can be heterogeneous and complex. The behavioural strategies animals employ to exploit such resources also vary, particularly if, when, and where animals use available social information. We reviewed the literature on social information use by foraging animals and developed a novel framework that integrates four elements - (1) food resource persistence; (2) the relative value of social information use; (3) behavioural context (opportunistic or coordinated); and (4) location of social information use - to predict and characterize four strategies of social information use - (1) local enhancement; (2) group facilitation; (3) following; and (4) recruitment. We validated our framework by systematically reviewing the growing empirical literature on social foraging in bats, an ideal model taxon because they exhibit extreme diversity in ecological niche and experience low predation risk while foraging but function at high energy expenditures, which selects for efficient foraging behaviours. Our framework's predictions agreed with the observed natural behaviour of bats and identified key knowledge gaps for future studies. Recent advancements in technology, methods, and analysis will facilitate additional studies in bats and other taxa to further test the framework and our conception of the ecological and evolutionary forces driving social information use. Understanding the links between food distribution, social information use, and foraging behaviour will help elucidate social interactions, group structure, and the evolution of sociality for species across the animal kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna E Kohles
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany.,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - M Teague O'Mara
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama.,Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, 808 N. Pine Street, Hammond, LA, 70402, USA
| | - Dina K N Dechmann
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany.,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
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8
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Cove MV, Kays R, Bontrager H, Bresnan C, Lasky M, Frerichs T, Klann R, Lee TE, Crockett SC, Crupi AP, Weiss KCB, Rowe H, Sprague T, Schipper J, Tellez C, Lepczyk CA, Fantle-Lepczyk JE, LaPoint S, Williamson J, Fisher-Reid MC, King SM, Bebko AJ, Chrysafis P, Jensen AJ, Jachowski DS, Sands J, MacCombie KA, Herrera DJ, van der Merwe M, Knowles TW, Horan RV, Rentz MS, Brandt LSE, Nagy C, Barton BT, Thompson WC, Maher SP, Darracq AK, Hess G, Parsons AW, Wells B, Roemer GW, Hernandez CJ, Gompper ME, Webb SL, Vanek JP, Lafferty DJR, Bergquist AM, Hubbard T, Forrester T, Clark D, Cincotta C, Favreau J, Facka AN, Halbur M, Hammerich S, Gray M, Rega-Brodsky CC, Durbin C, Flaherty EA, Brooke JM, Coster SS, Lathrop RG, Russell K, Bogan DA, Cliché R, Shamon H, Hawkins MTR, Marks SB, Lonsinger RC, O'Mara MT, Compton JA, Fowler M, Barthelmess EL, Andy KE, Belant JL, Beyer DE, Kautz TM, Scognamillo DG, Schalk CM, Leslie MS, Nasrallah SL, Ellison CN, Ruthven C, Fritts S, Tleimat J, Gay M, Whittier CA, Neiswenter SA, Pelletier R, DeGregorio BA, Kuprewicz EK, Davis ML, Dykstra A, Mason DS, Baruzzi C, Lashley MA, Risch DR, Price MR, Allen ML, Whipple LS, Sperry JH, Hagen RH, Mortelliti A, Evans BE, Studds CE, Sirén APK, Kilborn J, Sutherland C, Warren P, Fuller T, Harris NC, Carter NH, Trout E, Zimova M, Giery ST, Iannarilli F, Higdon SD, Revord RS, Hansen CP, Millspaugh JJ, Zorn A, Benson JF, Wehr NH, Solberg JN, Gerber BD, Burr JC, Sevin J, Green AM, Şekercioğlu ÇH, Pendergast M, Barnick KA, Edelman AJ, Wasdin JR, Romero A, O'Neill BJ, Schmitz N, Alston JM, Kuhn KM, Lesmeister DB, Linnell MA, Appel CL, Rota C, Stenglein JL, Anhalt-Depies C, Nelson C, Long RA, Jo Jaspers K, Remine KR, Jordan MJ, Davis D, Hernández-Yáñez H, Zhao JY, McShea WJ. SNAPSHOT USA 2019: a coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States. Ecology 2021; 102:e03353. [PMID: 33793977 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
With the accelerating pace of global change, it is imperative that we obtain rapid inventories of the status and distribution of wildlife for ecological inferences and conservation planning. To address this challenge, we launched the SNAPSHOT USA project, a collaborative survey of terrestrial wildlife populations using camera traps across the United States. For our first annual survey, we compiled data across all 50 states during a 14-week period (17 August-24 November of 2019). We sampled wildlife at 1,509 camera trap sites from 110 camera trap arrays covering 12 different ecoregions across four development zones. This effort resulted in 166,036 unique detections of 83 species of mammals and 17 species of birds. All images were processed through the Smithsonian's eMammal camera trap data repository and included an expert review phase to ensure taxonomic accuracy of data, resulting in each picture being reviewed at least twice. The results represent a timely and standardized camera trap survey of the United States. All of the 2019 survey data are made available herein. We are currently repeating surveys in fall 2020, opening up the opportunity to other institutions and cooperators to expand coverage of all the urban-wild gradients and ecophysiographic regions of the country. Future data will be available as the database is updated at eMammal.si.edu/snapshot-usa, as will future data paper submissions. These data will be useful for local and macroecological research including the examination of community assembly, effects of environmental and anthropogenic landscape variables, effects of fragmentation and extinction debt dynamics, as well as species-specific population dynamics and conservation action plans. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this paper when using the data for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Cove
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - Roland Kays
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27601, USA
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - Helen Bontrager
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - Claire Bresnan
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - Monica Lasky
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - Taylor Frerichs
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - Renee Klann
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - Thomas E Lee
- Department of Biology, Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas, 79601, USA
| | - Seth C Crockett
- Department of Biology, Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas, 79601, USA
| | - Anthony P Crupi
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Douglas, Alaska, 99824, USA
| | - Katherine C B Weiss
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85281, USA
- Field Conservation Research Department, Arizona Center for Nature Conservation/Phoenix Zoo, 455 N Galvin Pkwy, Phoenix, Arizona, 85008, USA
| | - Helen Rowe
- McDowell Sonoran Conservancy, 7729 East Greenway Road, Suite 100, Scottsdale, Arizona, 85260, USA
| | - Tiffany Sprague
- McDowell Sonoran Conservancy, 7729 East Greenway Road, Suite 100, Scottsdale, Arizona, 85260, USA
| | - Jan Schipper
- Field Conservation Research Department, Arizona Center for Nature Conservation/Phoenix Zoo, 455 N Galvin Pkwy, Phoenix, Arizona, 85008, USA
| | - Chelsey Tellez
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85281, USA
- Field Conservation Research Department, Arizona Center for Nature Conservation/Phoenix Zoo, 455 N Galvin Pkwy, Phoenix, Arizona, 85008, USA
| | - Christopher A Lepczyk
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Jean E Fantle-Lepczyk
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Scott LaPoint
- Black Rock Forest, 65 Reservoir Road, Cornwall, New York, 12518, USA
| | - Jacque Williamson
- Department of Education & Conservation, Brandywine Zoo-Delaware State Parks, Wilmington, Delaware, 19802, USA
| | - M Caitlin Fisher-Reid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, 02325, USA
| | - Sean M King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, 02325, USA
| | - Alexandra J Bebko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, 02325, USA
| | | | - Alex J Jensen
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29631, USA
| | - David S Jachowski
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29631, USA
| | - Joshua Sands
- Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Key Largo, Florida, 33037, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Herrera
- DC Cat Count at the Humane Rescue Alliance, Washington, D.C., 20011, USA
| | - Marius van der Merwe
- Biological Sciences Department, Dixie State University, St. George, Utah, 84770, USA
| | - Travis W Knowles
- Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina, 29502, USA
| | - Robert V Horan
- Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division, Brunswick, Georgia, 31520, USA
| | - Michael S Rentz
- Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - LaRoy S E Brandt
- Cumberland Mountain Research Center, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee, 37752, USA
| | | | - Brandon T Barton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762, USA
| | - Weston C Thompson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762, USA
| | - Sean P Maher
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, 65897, USA
| | - Andrea K Darracq
- Department of Biology, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, 42071, USA
| | - George Hess
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - Arielle W Parsons
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - Brenna Wells
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - Gary W Roemer
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA
| | - Cristian J Hernandez
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA
| | - Matthew E Gompper
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA
| | - Stephen L Webb
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma, 73401, USA
| | - John P Vanek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, 60115, USA
| | - Diana J R Lafferty
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marqeutte, Michigan, 49855, USA
| | - Amelia M Bergquist
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marqeutte, Michigan, 49855, USA
| | - Tru Hubbard
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marqeutte, Michigan, 49855, USA
| | - Tavis Forrester
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, La Grande, Oregon, 97850, USA
| | - Darren Clark
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, La Grande, Oregon, 97850, USA
| | | | - Jorie Favreau
- Paul Smith's College, Paul Smiths, New York, 12970, USA
| | - Aaron N Facka
- Pennsylvania Game Commission, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 17110, USA
| | - Michelle Halbur
- Pepperwood Foundation, 2130 Pepperwood Preserve Rd, Santa Rosa, California, 95404, USA
| | - Steven Hammerich
- Pepperwood Foundation, 2130 Pepperwood Preserve Rd, Santa Rosa, California, 95404, USA
| | - Morgan Gray
- Pepperwood Foundation, 2130 Pepperwood Preserve Rd, Santa Rosa, California, 95404, USA
| | | | - Caleb Durbin
- Biology Department, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S Broadway, Pittsburg, Kansas, 66762, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Flaherty
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Jarred M Brooke
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Stephanie S Coster
- Biology Department, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, Virginia, 23005, USA
| | - Richard G Lathrop
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - Katarina Russell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - Daniel A Bogan
- Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Siena College, 515 Loudon Rd, Loudonville, New York, 12211, USA
| | - Rachel Cliché
- Silvio O Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge, Brunswick, Vermont, 05905, USA
| | - Hila Shamon
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - Melissa T R Hawkins
- Division of Mammals, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20560, USA
- Department of Biology, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, California, 95521, USA
| | - Sharyn B Marks
- Department of Biology, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, California, 95521, USA
| | - Robert C Lonsinger
- Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, 1390 College Avenue, Brookings, South Dakota, 57007, USA
| | - M Teague O'Mara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, 808 N Pine St., Hammond, Louisiana, 70402, USA
| | - Justin A Compton
- Biology and Chemistry Department, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, 01109, USA
| | - Melinda Fowler
- Biology and Chemistry Department, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, 01109, USA
| | - Erika L Barthelmess
- Biology Department and Nature Up North Program, St. Lawrence University, Canton, New York, 13617, USA
| | - Katherine E Andy
- Biology Department and Nature Up North Program, St. Lawrence University, Canton, New York, 13617, USA
| | - Jerrold L Belant
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Dean E Beyer
- Wildlife Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, Michigan, 48909, USA
| | - Todd M Kautz
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Daniel G Scognamillo
- Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture - Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas, 75962, USA
| | - Christopher M Schalk
- Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture - Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas, 75962, USA
| | - Matthew S Leslie
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, 500 College Ave., Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 19081, USA
| | - Sophie L Nasrallah
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, 500 College Ave., Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 19081, USA
| | | | - Chip Ruthven
- Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Paducah, Texas, 79248, USA
| | - Sarah Fritts
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, 78666, USA
| | - Jaquelyn Tleimat
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, 78666, USA
| | - Mandy Gay
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, 78666, USA
| | - Christopher A Whittier
- Tufts Center for Conservation Medicine, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, 01536, USA
| | - Sean A Neiswenter
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, MS4004, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89154, USA
| | - Robert Pelletier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, MS4004, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89154, USA
| | - Brett A DeGregorio
- U.S. Geological Survey Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA
| | - Erin K Kuprewicz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA
| | - Miranda L Davis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA
| | - Adrienne Dykstra
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - David S Mason
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Carolina Baruzzi
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Marcus A Lashley
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Derek R Risch
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA
| | - Melissa R Price
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA
| | - Maximilian L Allen
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, 1816 S. Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, 61801, USA
| | - Laura S Whipple
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, 61801, USA
| | - Jinelle H Sperry
- Engineer Research and Development Center, 2902 Newmark Dr., Champaign, Illinois, 61826, USA
| | - Robert H Hagen
- Environmental Studies Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
| | - Alessio Mortelliti
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Bryn E Evans
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Colin E Studds
- Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, 21250, USA
| | - Alexej P K Sirén
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Jillian Kilborn
- New Hampshire Fish & Game Department, Concord, New Hampshire, 03301, USA
| | - Chris Sutherland
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Paige Warren
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Todd Fuller
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Nyeema C Harris
- Applied Wildlife Ecology Lab, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Neil H Carter
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Edward Trout
- Human-Environment Systems, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, 83725, USA
| | - Marketa Zimova
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Sean T Giery
- Eberly College of Science, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Fabiola Iannarilli
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Summer D Higdon
- Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, 302 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Ronald S Revord
- Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, 302 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Christopher P Hansen
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
| | - Joshua J Millspaugh
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
| | - Adam Zorn
- Huston-Brumbaugh Nature Center, University of Mount Union, Alliance, Ohio, 44601, USA
| | - John F Benson
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68583, USA
| | - Nathaniel H Wehr
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68583, USA
| | - Jaylin N Solberg
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, 10 Cornell Street, Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA
| | - Brian D Gerber
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA
| | - Jessica C Burr
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA
| | - Jennifer Sevin
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, 23173, USA
| | - Austin M Green
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - Çağan H Şekercioğlu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
- College of Sciences, Koç University, Rumelifeneri, İstanbul, Sarıyer, Turkey
| | | | - Kelsey A Barnick
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - Andrew J Edelman
- Department of Biology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, Georgia, 30118, USA
| | - Joanne R Wasdin
- Department of Biology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, Georgia, 30118, USA
| | - Andrea Romero
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Geography, Geology, and Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, 53190, USA
| | - Brian J O'Neill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Geography, Geology, and Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, 53190, USA
| | - Noel Schmitz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Geography, Geology, and Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, 53190, USA
| | - Jesse M Alston
- Program in Ecology, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, 82071, USA
| | - Kellie M Kuhn
- Deparment of Biology, US Air Force Academy, USAFA, Colorado, 80840, USA
| | - Damon B Lesmeister
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon, 97204, USA
| | - Mark A Linnell
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon, 97204, USA
| | - Cara L Appel
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Christopher Rota
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA
| | - Jennifer L Stenglein
- Office of Applied Science, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin, 53707, USA
| | - Christine Anhalt-Depies
- Office of Applied Science, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin, 53707, USA
| | - Carrie Nelson
- U.S. Forest Service, Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Great Divide Ranger District, Glidden, Wisconsin, 54527, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mark J Jordan
- Department of Biology, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington, 98122, USA
| | - Daniel Davis
- Office of the Chief Information Officer, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20024, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Y Zhao
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - William J McShea
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
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9
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O'Mara MT, Amorim F, Scacco M, McCracken GF, Safi K, Mata V, Tomé R, Swartz S, Wikelski M, Beja P, Rebelo H, Dechmann DKN. Bats use topography and nocturnal updrafts to fly high and fast. Curr Biol 2021. [PMID: 33545045 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During the day, flying animals exploit the environmental energy landscape by seeking out thermal or orographic uplift, or extracting energy from wind gradients.1-6 However, most of these energy sources are not thought to be available at night because of the lower thermal potential in the nocturnal atmosphere, as well as the difficulty of locating features that generate uplift. Despite this, several bat species have been observed hundreds to thousands of meters above the ground.7-9 Individuals make repeated, energetically costly high-altitude ascents,10-13 and others fly at some of the fastest speeds observed for powered vertebrate flight.14 We hypothesized that bats use orographic uplift to reach high altitudes,9,15-17 and that both this uplift and bat high-altitude ascents would be highly predictable.18 By superimposing detailed three-dimensional GPS tracking of European free-tailed bats (Tadarida teniotis) on high-resolution regional wind data, we show that bats do indeed use the energy of orographic uplift to climb to over 1,600 m, and also that they reach maximum sustained self-powered airspeeds of 135 km h-1. We show that wind and topography can predict areas of the landscape able to support high-altitude ascents, and that bats use these locations to reach high altitudes while reducing airspeeds. Bats then integrate wind conditions to guide high-altitude ascents, deftly exploiting vertical wind energy in the nocturnal landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teague O'Mara
- Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA, USA; Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Francisco Amorim
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Martina Scacco
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Gary F McCracken
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Kamran Safi
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Vanessa Mata
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Tomé
- Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sharon Swartz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Pedro Beja
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal; CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hugo Rebelo
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal; CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dina K N Dechmann
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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10
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O'Mara MT, Amorim F, Scacco M, McCracken GF, Safi K, Mata V, Tomé R, Swartz S, Wikelski M, Beja P, Rebelo H, Dechmann DKN. Bats use topography and nocturnal updrafts to fly high and fast. Curr Biol 2021; 31:1311-1316.e4. [PMID: 33545045 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
During the day, flying animals exploit the environmental energy landscape by seeking out thermal or orographic uplift, or extracting energy from wind gradients.1-6 However, most of these energy sources are not thought to be available at night because of the lower thermal potential in the nocturnal atmosphere, as well as the difficulty of locating features that generate uplift. Despite this, several bat species have been observed hundreds to thousands of meters above the ground.7-9 Individuals make repeated, energetically costly high-altitude ascents,10-13 and others fly at some of the fastest speeds observed for powered vertebrate flight.14 We hypothesized that bats use orographic uplift to reach high altitudes,9,15-17 and that both this uplift and bat high-altitude ascents would be highly predictable.18 By superimposing detailed three-dimensional GPS tracking of European free-tailed bats (Tadarida teniotis) on high-resolution regional wind data, we show that bats do indeed use the energy of orographic uplift to climb to over 1,600 m, and also that they reach maximum sustained self-powered airspeeds of 135 km h-1. We show that wind and topography can predict areas of the landscape able to support high-altitude ascents, and that bats use these locations to reach high altitudes while reducing airspeeds. Bats then integrate wind conditions to guide high-altitude ascents, deftly exploiting vertical wind energy in the nocturnal landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teague O'Mara
- Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA, USA; Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Francisco Amorim
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Martina Scacco
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Gary F McCracken
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Kamran Safi
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Vanessa Mata
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Tomé
- Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sharon Swartz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Pedro Beja
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal; CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hugo Rebelo
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal; CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dina K N Dechmann
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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11
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Calderón-Capote MC, Dechmann DKN, Fahr J, Wikelski M, Kays R, O'Mara MT. Foraging movements are density-independent among straw-coloured fruit bats. R Soc Open Sci 2020; 7:200274. [PMID: 32537224 PMCID: PMC7277244 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecific competition in large aggregations of animals should generate density-dependent effects on foraging patterns. To test how large differences in colony size affect foraging movements, we tracked seasonal movements of the African straw-coloured fruit bat (Eidolon helvum) from four colonies that range from 4000 up to 10 million animals. Contrary to initial predictions, we found that mean distance flown per night (9-99 km), number of nightly foraging sites (2-3) and foraging and commuting times were largely independent of colony size. Bats showed classic central-place foraging and typically returned to the same day roost each night. However, roost switching was evident among individuals in three of the four colonies especially towards the onset of migration. The relatively consistent foraging patterns across seasons and colonies indicate that these bats seek out roosts close to highly productive landscapes. Once foraging effort starts to increase due to local resource depletion they migrate to landscapes with seasonally increasing resources. This minimizes high intraspecific competition and may help to explain why long-distance migration, otherwise rare in bats, evolved in this highly gregarious species.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C. Calderón-Capote
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dina K. N. Dechmann
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jakob Fahr
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- TU Braunschweig, Zoological Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Roland Kays
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences and Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - M. Teague O'Mara
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA, USA
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12
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Schaeffer PJ, O'Mara MT, Breiholz J, Keicher L, Lázaro J, Muturi M, Dechmann DKN. Metabolic rate in common shrews is unaffected by temperature, leading to lower energetic costs through seasonal size reduction. R Soc Open Sci 2020; 7:191989. [PMID: 32431881 PMCID: PMC7211839 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Small endothermic mammals have high metabolisms, particularly at cold temperatures. In the light of this, some species have evolved a seemingly illogical strategy: they reduce the size of the brain and several organs to become even smaller in winter. To test how this morphological strategy affects energy consumption across seasonally shifting ambient temperatures, we measured oxygen consumption and behaviour in the three seasonal phenotypes of the common shrew (Sorex araneus), which differ in size by about 20%. Body mass was the main driver of oxygen consumption, not the reduction of metabolically expensive brain mass. Against our expectations, we found no change in relative oxygen consumption with low ambient temperature. Thus, smaller body size in winter resulted in significant absolute energy savings. This finding could only partly be explained by an increase of lower cost behaviours in the activity budgets. Our findings highlight that these shrews manage to avoid one of the most fundamental and intuitive rules of ecology, allowing them to subsist with lower resource availability and successfully survive the harsh conditions of winter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Teague O'Mara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond LA 70402USA
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78462 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Japhet Breiholz
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78462 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Lara Keicher
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78462 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Javier Lázaro
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78462 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marion Muturi
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78462 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dina K. N. Dechmann
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78462 Konstanz, Germany
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13
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O'Mara MT, Scharf AK, Fahr J, Abedi-Lartey M, Wikelski M, Dechmann DKN, Safi K. Overall Dynamic Body Acceleration in Straw-Colored Fruit Bats Increases in Headwinds but Not With Airspeed. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14
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Teague O'Mara M, Wikelski M, Kranstauber B, Dechmann DKN. First three-dimensional tracks of bat migration reveal large amounts of individual behavioral flexibility. Ecology 2019; 100:e02762. [PMID: 31127630 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Teague O'Mara
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, Radolfzell, 78315, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätstr. 10, Konstanz, 78457, Germany.,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Universitätstr. 10, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, Radolfzell, 78315, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätstr. 10, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
| | - Bart Kranstauber
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, Radolfzell, 78315, Germany.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurstr. 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Dina K N Dechmann
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, Radolfzell, 78315, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätstr. 10, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
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15
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Hiller T, Rasche A, Brändel SD, König A, Jeworowski L, Teague O'Mara M, Cottontail V, Page RA, Glebe D, Drexler JF, Tschapka M. Host Biology and Anthropogenic Factors Affect Hepadnavirus Infection in a Neotropical Bat. Ecohealth 2019; 16:82-94. [PMID: 30564998 PMCID: PMC7088011 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-018-1387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The tent-making bat hepatitis B virus (TBHBV) is a hepadnavirus closely related to human hepatitis B virus. The ecology of TBHBV is unclear. We show that it is widespread and highly diversified in Peters' tent-making bats (Uroderma bilobatum) within Panama, while local prevalence varied significantly between sample sites, ranging from 0 to 14.3%. Females showed significantly higher prevalence than males, and pregnant females were more often acutely infected than non-reproductive ones. The distribution of TBHBV in bats was significantly affected by forest cover, with higher infection rates in areas with lower forest cover. Our data indicate that loss of natural habitat may lead to positive feedback on the biotic factors driving infection possibility. These results underline the necessity of multidisciplinary studies for a better understanding of mechanisms in pathogen-host relationships and for predictions in disease ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hiller
- Institute for Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama.
| | - Andrea Rasche
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Dominik Brändel
- Institute for Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Alexander König
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- German Reference Center for Hepatitis B and D Viruses, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lara Jeworowski
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Teague O'Mara
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | - Veronika Cottontail
- Institute for Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rachel A Page
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Dieter Glebe
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- German Reference Center for Hepatitis B and D Viruses, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marco Tschapka
- Institute for Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
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16
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O'Mara MT, Wikelski M, Kranstauber B, Dechmann DKN. Common noctules exploit low levels of the aerosphere. R Soc Open Sci 2019; 6:181942. [PMID: 30891300 PMCID: PMC6408413 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aerial habitats present a challenge to find food across a large potential search volume, particularly for insectivorous bats that rely on echolocation calls with limited detection range and may forage at heights over 1000 m. To understand how bats use vertical space, we tracked one to five foraging flights of eight common noctules (Nyctalus noctula). Bats were tracked for their full foraging session (87.27 ± 24 min) using high-resolution atmospheric pressure radio transmitters that allowed us to calculate height and wingbeat frequency. Bats used diverse flight strategies, but generally flew lower than 40 m, with scouting flights to 100 m and a maximum of 300 m. We found no influence of weather on height, and high-altitude ascents were not preceded by an increase in foraging effort. Wingbeat frequency was independent from climbing or descending flight, and bats skipped wingbeats or glided in 10% of all observations. Wingbeat frequency was positively related to capture mass, and wingbeat frequency was positively related to time of night, indicating an effect of load increase over a foraging bout. Overall, individuals used a wide range of airspace including altitudes that put them at increased risk from human-made structures. Further work is needed to test the context of these flight decisions, particularly as individuals migrate throughout Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Teague O'Mara
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Bart Kranstauber
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Dina K. N. Dechmann
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
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Dechmann DKN, Wikelski M, Ellis-Soto D, Safi K, O'Mara MT. Determinants of spring migration departure decision in a bat. Biol Lett 2017; 13:rsbl.2017.0395. [PMID: 28931730 PMCID: PMC5627173 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2017.0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Migratory decisions in birds are closely tied to environmental cues and fat stores, but it remains unknown if the same variables trigger bat migration. To learn more about the rare phenomenon of bat migration, we studied departure decisions of female common noctules (Nyctalus noctula) in southern Germany. We did not find the fattening period that modulates departure decisions in birds. Female noctules departed after a regular evening foraging session, uniformly heading northeast. As the day of year increased, migratory decisions were based on the interactions among wind speed, wind direction and air pressure. As the migration season progressed, bats were likely to migrate on nights with higher air pressure and faster tail winds in the direction of travel, and also show high probability of migration on low-pressure nights with slow head winds. Common noctules thus monitor complex environmental conditions to find the optimal migration night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina K N Dechmann
- Department of Immuno-ecology and Migration, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany .,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - M Wikelski
- Department of Immuno-ecology and Migration, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - D Ellis-Soto
- Department of Immuno-ecology and Migration, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - K Safi
- Department of Immuno-ecology and Migration, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - M Teague O'Mara
- Department of Immuno-ecology and Migration, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany .,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
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O'Mara MT, Rikker S, Wikelski M, Ter Maat A, Pollock HS, Dechmann DKN. Heart rate reveals torpor at high body temperatures in lowland tropical free-tailed bats. R Soc Open Sci 2017; 4:171359. [PMID: 29308259 PMCID: PMC5750026 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Reduction in metabolic rate and body temperature is a common strategy for small endotherms to save energy. The daily reduction in metabolic rate and heterothermy, or torpor, is particularly pronounced in regions with a large variation in daily ambient temperature. This applies most strongly in temperate bat species (order Chiroptera), but it is less clear how tropical bats save energy if ambient temperatures remain high. However, many subtropical and tropical species use some daily heterothermy on cool days. We recorded the heart rate and the body temperature of free-ranging Pallas' mastiff bats (Molossus molossus) in Gamboa, Panamá, and showed that these individuals have low field metabolic rates across a wide range of body temperatures that conform to high ambient temperature. Importantly, low metabolic rates in controlled respirometry trials were best predicted by heart rate, and not body temperature. Molossus molossus enter torpor-like states characterized by low metabolic rate and heart rates at body temperatures of 32°C, and thermoconform across a range of temperatures. Flexible metabolic strategies may be far more common in tropical endotherms than currently known.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Teague O'Mara
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama City, Panamá
- Author for correspondence: M. Teague O'Mara e-mail:
| | - Sebastian Rikker
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama City, Panamá
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andries Ter Maat
- Department of Behavioural Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Henry S. Pollock
- Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Dina K. N. Dechmann
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama City, Panamá
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Jones PL, Hämsch F, Page RA, Kalko EKV, O'Mara MT. Foraging and Roosting Behaviour of the Fringe-Lipped Bat, Trachops cirrhosus, on Barro Colorado Island, Panamá. Acta Chiropterologica 2017. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2017.19.2.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L. Jones
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, 6500 College Station, Brunswick ME 04011-8465, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, República de Panamá
| | - Frank Hämsch
- Department of Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rachel A Page
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, República de Panamá
| | - Elisabeth K. V. Kalko
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, República de Panamá
- Institute of Experimental Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - M. Teague O'Mara
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, República de Panamá
- Department of Migration & Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
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O'Mara MT, Wikelski M, Voigt CC, Ter Maat A, Pollock HS, Burness G, Desantis LM, Dechmann DK. Cyclic bouts of extreme bradycardia counteract the high metabolism of frugivorous bats. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28923167 PMCID: PMC5605195 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Active flight requires the ability to efficiently fuel bursts of costly locomotion while maximizing energy conservation during non-flying times. We took a multi-faceted approach to estimate how fruit-eating bats (Uroderma bilobatum) manage a high-energy lifestyle fueled primarily by fig juice. Miniaturized heart rate telemetry shows that they use a novel, cyclic, bradycardic state that reduces daily energetic expenditure by 10% and counteracts heart rates as high as 900 bpm during flight. Uroderma bilobatum support flight with some of the fastest metabolic incorporation rates and dynamic circulating cortisol in vertebrates. These bats will exchange fat reserves within 24 hr, meaning that they must survive on the food of the day and are at daily risk of starvation. Energetic flexibly in U. bilobatum highlights the fundamental role of ecological pressures on integrative energetic networks and the still poorly understood energetic strategies of animals in the tropics. To survive, all animals have to balance how much energy they take in and how much they use. They must find enough food to fuel the chemical processes that keep them alive – known as their metabolism – and store leftover fuel to use when food is not available. Bats, for example, have a fast metabolism and powerful flight muscles, which require a lot of energy. Some bat species, such as the tent-making bats, survive on fruit juice, and their food sources are often far apart and difficult to find. These bats are likely to starve if they go without food for more than 24 hours, and therefore need to conserve energy while they are resting. To deal with potential food shortages, bats and other animals can enter a low-energy resting state called torpor. In this state, animals lower their body temperature and slow down their heart rate and metabolism so that they need less energy to stay alive. However, many animals that live in tropical regions, including tent-making bats, cannot enter a state of torpor, as it is too hot to sufficiently lower their body temperature. Until now, scientists did not fully understand how these bats control how much energy they use. Now, O’Mara et al. studied tent-making bats in the wild by attaching small heart rate transmitters to four wild bats, and measured their heartbeats over several days. Since each heartbeat delivers oxygen and fuel to the rest of the body, measuring the bats’ heart rate indicates how much energy they are using. The experiments revealed for the first time that tent-making bats periodically lower their heart rates while resting (to around 200 beats per minute). This reduces the amount of energy they use each day by up to 10%, and helps counteract heart rates that can reach 900 beats per minute when the bats are flying. Overall, these findings show that animals have evolved in various ways to control their use of energy. Future research should use similar technology to continue uncovering how wild animals have adapted to survive in different conditions. This knowledge will help us to understand how life has become so diverse in the tropics and the strategies that animals may use as climates change.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teague O'Mara
- Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Radolfzell, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama.,Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Radolfzell, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Andries Ter Maat
- Department of Behavioural Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Starnberg, Germany
| | - Henry S Pollock
- Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, United States
| | - Gary Burness
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Canada
| | - Lanna M Desantis
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Canada
| | - Dina Kn Dechmann
- Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Radolfzell, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
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Keicher L, O'Mara MT, Voigt CC, Dechmann DKN. Stable carbon isotopes in breath reveal fast metabolic incorporation rates and seasonally variable but rapid fat turnover in the common shrew ( Sorex araneus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 220:2834-2841. [PMID: 28546508 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.159947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Small non-migratory mammals with Northern distribution ranges apply a variety of behavioural and physiological wintering strategies. A rare energy-saving strategy is Dehnel's phenomenon, involving a reduction and later regrowth of the body size, several organs and parts of the skeleton in red-toothed shrews (Soricidae). The size extremes coincide with major life stages. However, the physiological consequences for the shrew's metabolism remain poorly understood. In keeping with the energetic limitations that may induce the size changes, we hypothesised that metabolic incorporation rates should remain the same across the shrews' lifetimes. In contrast, fat turnover rates should be faster in smaller subadults than in large juveniles and regrown adults, as the metabolic activity of fat tissue increases in winter individuals (subadults). Measuring the changes in the ratio of exhaled stable carbon isotopes, we found that the baseline diet of shrews changed across the season. A diet switch experiment showed that incorporation rates were consistently rapid (t50=38.2±21.1-69.3±53.5 min) and did not change between seasons. As predicted, fat turnover rates were faster in size-reduced subadults (t50=2.1±1.3 h) compared with larger juveniles (t50=5.5±1.7 h) and regrown adults (t50=5.0±4.4 h). In all three age/size classes, all body fat was turned over after 9-24 h. These results show that high levels of nutrient uptake are independent of body size, whereas fat turnover rates are negatively correlated with body size. Thus, the shrews might be under higher pressure to save energy in winter and this may have supported the evolution of Dehnel's phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Keicher
- Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany .,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - M Teague O'Mara
- Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christian C Voigt
- Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dina K N Dechmann
- Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
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Stockmaier S, Dechmann DKN, Page RA, O'Mara MT. No fever and leucocytosis in response to a lipopolysaccharide challenge in an insectivorous bat. Biol Lett 2016; 11:20150576. [PMID: 26333664 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bat immune systems may allow them to respond to zoonotic agents more efficiently than other mammals. As the first line of defence, the taxonomically conserved acute phase immune reaction of leucocytosis and fever is crucial for coping with infections, but it is unknown if this response is a key constituent to bat immunological success. We investigated the acute phase reaction to a standard lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in Pallas's mastiff bats (Molossus molossus). Challenged bats lost mass, but in contrast to other mammals showed no leucocytosis or fever. There also was no influence on body temperature reduction during torpor. When compared to recent genome-wide assays for constituent immune genes, this lack of a conserved fever response to LPS contributes to a clearer understanding of the innate immune system in bat species and of the coevolution of bats with a wide diversity of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stockmaier
- Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, Radolfzell 78315, Germany Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz 78464, Germany Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Dina K N Dechmann
- Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, Radolfzell 78315, Germany Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz 78464, Germany Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Rachel A Page
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - M Teague O'Mara
- Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, Radolfzell 78315, Germany Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz 78464, Germany Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Konstanz 78464, Germany Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
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Gager Y, Gimenez O, O'Mara MT, Dechmann DKN. Group size, survival and surprisingly short lifespan in socially foraging bats. BMC Ecol 2016; 16:2. [PMID: 26767616 PMCID: PMC4714502 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-016-0056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationships between group size, survival, and longevity vary greatly among social species. Depending on demographic and ecological circumstances, there are both positive and negative effects of group size variation on individual survival and longevity. For socially foraging species in particular there may be an optimal group size that predicts maximum individual survival that is directly related to the potential for information transfer, social coordination, and costs of conspecific interference. Our aim was to investigate this central aspect of evolutionary ecology by focusing on a socially foraging bat, Molossus molossus. This species optimizes foraging success by eavesdropping on the echolocation calls of group members to locate ephemeral food patches. We expected to find the highest survival and longest lifespans in small groups as a consequence of a trade-off between benefits of information transfer on ephemeral resources and costs of conspecific interference. Results In a mark-recapture study of 14 mixed-sex M. molossus social groups in Gamboa, Panama, spanning several years we found the expected relatively small and intermediate, but stable groups, with a mean size of 9.6 ± 6.7 adults and juveniles. We estimated survival proxies using Cox proportional hazard models and multistate-mark recapture models generated with recapture data as well as automated monitoring of roost entrances in a subset of the groups. Median survival of females was very short with 1.8 years and a maximum estimated longevity of 5.6 years. Contrary to our expectations, we found no relationship between variation in group size and survival, a result similar to few other studies. Conclusions Strong selection towards small group size may result from psychoacoustic and cognitive constraints related to acoustic interference in social foraging and the complexity of coordinated flight. The short lifespans were unexpected and may result from life at the energetic edge due to a highly specialized diet. The absence of a relationship between group size and survival may reflect a similar but optimized survival within the selected range of group sizes. We expect the pattern of small group sizes will be consistent in future research on species dependent on social information transfer about ephemeral resources. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12898-016-0056-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Gager
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany. .,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany. .,International Max Planck Research School for Organismal Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Olivier Gimenez
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - M Teague O'Mara
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany. .,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany. .,Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany. .,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama.
| | - Dina K N Dechmann
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany. .,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany. .,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama.
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Abstract
For over 50 years, ring-tailed lemurs have been studied continuously in the wild. As one of the most long-studied primate species, the length and breadth of their study is comparable to research on Japanese macaques, baboons and chimpanzees. They are also one of the most broadly observed of all primates, with comprehensive research conducted on their behaviour, biology, ecology, genetics, palaeobiology and life history. However, over the last decade, a new generation of lemur scholars, working in conjunction with researchers who have spent decades studying this species, have greatly enhanced our knowledge of ring-tailed lemurs. In addition, research on this species has expanded beyond traditional gallery forest habitats to now include high altitude, spiny thicket, rocky outcrop and anthropogenically disturbed coastal forest populations. The focus of this special volume is to 're-imagine' the 'flagship species of Madagascar', bringing together three generations of lemur scholars.
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Dechmann DKN, Wikelski M, Varga K, Yohannes E, Fiedler W, Safi K, Burkhard WD, O'Mara MT. Tracking post-hibernation behavior and early migration does not reveal the expected sex-differences in a "female-migrating" bat. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114810. [PMID: 25517947 PMCID: PMC4269398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-distance migration is a rare phenomenon in European bats. Genetic analyses and banding studies show that females can cover distances of up to 1,600 km, whereas males are sedentary or migrate only short distances. The onset of this sex-biased migration is supposed to occur shortly after rousing from hibernation and when the females are already pregnant. We therefore predicted that the sexes are exposed to different energetic pressures in early spring, and this should be reflected in their behavior and physiology. We investigated this in one of the three Central European long-distance migrants, the common noctule (Nyctalus noctula) in Southern Germany recording the first individual partial migration tracks of this species. In contrast to our predictions, we found no difference between male and female home range size, activity, habitat use or diet. Males and females emerged from hibernation in similar body condition and mass increase rate was the same in males and females. We followed the first migration steps, up to 475 km, of radio-tagged individuals from an airplane. All females, as well as some of the males, migrated away from the wintering area in the same northeasterly direction. Sex differences in long-distance migratory behavior were confirmed through stable isotope analysis of hair, which showed greater variation in females than in males. We hypothesize that both sexes faced similarly good conditions after hibernation and fattened at maximum rates, thus showing no differences in their local behavior. Interesting results that warrant further investigation are the better initial condition of the females and the highly consistent direction of the first migratory step in this population as summering habitats of the common noctule occur at a broad range in Northern Europe. Only research focused on individual strategies will allow us to fully understand the migratory behavior of European bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina K. N. Dechmann
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- University of Konstanz, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
- * E-mail:
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- University of Konstanz, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - Katarina Varga
- University of Konstanz, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Fiedler
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- University of Konstanz, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Kamran Safi
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- University of Konstanz, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - M. Teague O'Mara
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- University of Konstanz, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
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Cuozzo FP, Head BR, Sauther ML, Ungar PS, O'Mara MT. Sources of tooth wear variation early in life among known-aged wild ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at the Bezà Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar. Am J Primatol 2014; 76:1037-48. [PMID: 24953664 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at the Bezà Mahafaly Special Reserve (BMSR), Madagascar display a high frequency of individuals with notable and sometimes extreme tooth wear. Adult lemurs display a range of tooth wear even among individuals of the same age, but we do not know at what age this variation first appears. This study's goal was to determine whether wear variation occurs in younger wild lemurs. Based on the decade-long study of ring-tailed lemur feeding and dental ecology at BMSR, we hypothesized that younger, natal lemurs (under 5 years of age), would display variation in their degree of tooth wear that would correspond to microhabitat differences, given differences in food availability in different troops' home ranges. We also hypothesized that wear would differ between sexes at this young age, given differences in feeding between males and females in this population. Hypotheses were tested using dental topographic analyses using dental impressions collected from known-aged lemurs across 10 years at BMSR. Results illustrate significant differences in wear-related tooth topography (i.e., relief and slope, presented here as "occlusal lift") for microhabitat, sex and troop affiliation among lemurs under 5 years of age in this population. Although, all lemurs in this population consume mechanically challenging tamarind fruit, those in more disturbed habitats eat additional introduced foods, some of which are also mechanically challenging. Thus, dietary variation is the likely cause of variation in tooth wear. The wear variation we show at a young age suggests caution when assigning age based on tooth wear in living and fossil primates. These wear-related tooth shape changes early in life, which reflects sex, habitat variation and levels of anthropogenic disturbance, may potentially impact reproductive fitness later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank P Cuozzo
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota; Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Teague O'Mara
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology; Max Planck Institute for Ornithology; Radolfzell Baden-Württemberg Germany
- Department of Biology; University of Konstanz; Konstanz Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Ancón Balboa Panama
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology; Max Planck Institute for Ornithology; Radolfzell Baden-Württemberg Germany
- Department of Biology; University of Konstanz; Konstanz Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Ancón Balboa Panama
| | - Dina K.N. Dechmann
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology; Max Planck Institute for Ornithology; Radolfzell Baden-Württemberg Germany
- Department of Biology; University of Konstanz; Konstanz Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Ancón Balboa Panama
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O'Mara MT, Gordon AD, Catlett KK, Terranova CJ, Schwartz GT. Growth and the development of sexual size dimorphism in lorises and galagos. Am J Phys Anthropol 2011; 147:11-20. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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