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Shamon H, Maor R, Cove MV, Kays R, Adley J, Alexander PD, Allen DN, Allen ML, Appel CL, Barr E, Barthelmess EL, Baruzzi C, Bashaw K, Bastille-Rousseau G, Baugh ME, Belant J, Benson JF, Bespoyasny BA, Bird T, Bogan DA, Brandt LSE, Bresnan CE, Brooke JM, Buderman FE, Buzzell SG, Cheeseman AE, Chitwood MC, Chrysafis P, Collins MK, Collins DP, Compton JA, Conner LM, Cosby OG, Coster SS, Crawford B, Crupi AP, Darracq AK, Davis ML, DeGregorio BA, Denningmann KL, Dougherty KD, Driver A, Edelman AJ, Ellington EH, Ellis-Felege SN, Ellison CN, Fantle-Lepczyk JE, Farris ZJ, Favreau J, Fernandez P, Fisher-Reid MC, Fitzpatrick MC, Flaherty EA, Forrester TD, Fritts SR, Gallo T, Gerber BD, Giery ST, Glasscock JL, Gonatas AD, Grady AC, Green AM, Gregory T, Griffin N, Hagen RH, Hansen CP, Hansen LP, Hasstedt SC, Hernández-Yáñez H, Herrera DJ, Horan RV, Jackson VL, Johnson L, Jordan MJ, Kahano W, Kiser J, Knowles TW, Koeck MM, Koroly C, Kuhn KM, Kuprewicz EK, Lafferty DJR, LaPoint SD, Lashley M, Lathrop RG, Lee TE, Lepczyk CA, Lesmeister DB, Lombardi JV, Long RA, Lonsinger RC, MacKay P, Maher SP, Mason DS, Millspaugh JJ, Moll RJ, Moon JB, Mortelliti A, Mychajliw AM, Nagy CM, Neiswenter SA, Nelson DL, Nemes CE, Nielsen CK, Olson E, O'Mara MT, O'Neill BJ, Page BR, Parsons E, Pease BS, Pendergast ME, Proctor M, Quick H, Rega-Brodsky CC, Rentz MS, Rezendes K, Rich D, Risch DR, Romero A, Rooney BR, Rota CT, Samples CA, Schalk CM, Sekercioğlu ÇH, Sergeyev M, Smith AB, Smith DS, Sperry JH, Stenglein JL, Stokes MK, Stutzman JS, Todd KR, Vanek JP, Varga W, Wardle ZM, Webb SL, Wehr NH, Whipple LS, Whittier CA, Widness JS, Williamson J, Wilson AM, Wolf AJ, Zimova M, Zorn AS, McShea WJ. SNAPSHOT USA 2021: A third coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States. Ecology 2024:e4318. [PMID: 38693703 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
SNAPSHOT USA is a multicontributor, long-term camera trap survey designed to survey mammals across the United States. Participants are recruited through community networks and directly through a website application (https://www.snapshot-usa.org/). The growing Snapshot dataset is useful, for example, for tracking wildlife population responses to land use, land cover, and climate changes across spatial and temporal scales. Here we present the SNAPSHOT USA 2021 dataset, the third national camera trap survey across the US. Data were collected across 109 camera trap arrays and included 1711 camera sites. The total effort equaled 71,519 camera trap nights and resulted in 172,507 sequences of animal observations. Sampling effort varied among camera trap arrays, with a minimum of 126 camera trap nights, a maximum of 3355 nights, a median 546 nights, and a mean 656 ± 431 nights. This third dataset comprises 51 camera trap arrays that were surveyed during 2019, 2020, and 2021, along with 71 camera trap arrays that were surveyed in 2020 and 2021. All raw data and accompanying metadata are stored on Wildlife Insights (https://www.wildlifeinsights.org/), and are publicly available upon acceptance of the data papers. SNAPSHOT USA aims to sample multiple ecoregions in the United States with adequate representation of each ecoregion according to its relative size. Currently, the relative density of camera trap arrays varies by an order of magnitude for the various ecoregions (0.22-5.9 arrays per 100,000 km2), emphasizing the need to increase sampling effort by further recruiting and retaining contributors. There are no copyright restrictions on these data. We request that authors cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Shamon
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | - Roi Maor
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
- Institute of Zoology, The Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Michael V Cove
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Roland Kays
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jessie Adley
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - David N Allen
- Department of Biology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont, USA
| | - Maximilian L Allen
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Cara L Appel
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Evan Barr
- Department of Biology, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, USA
| | - Erika L Barthelmess
- Biology Department and Nature Up North Program, St. Lawrence University, Canton, New York, USA
| | - Carolina Baruzzi
- Department of Wildlife Ecology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kelli Bashaw
- Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Paducah, Texas, USA
| | - Guillaume Bastille-Rousseau
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Madison E Baugh
- Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jerrold Belant
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - John F Benson
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Bethany A Bespoyasny
- Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Tori Bird
- Hogle Zoo, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Daniel A Bogan
- Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Siena College, Loudonville, New York, USA
| | - LaRoy S E Brandt
- Department of Biology, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee, USA
- Cumberland Mountain Research Center, Harrogate, Tennessee, USA
| | - Claire E Bresnan
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Jarred M Brooke
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Frances E Buderman
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suzannah G Buzzell
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Amanda E Cheeseman
- Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - M Colter Chitwood
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Merri K Collins
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - D Parks Collins
- Department of Biology, Mitchell Community College, Statesville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Justin A Compton
- Biology and Chemistry Department, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Olivia G Cosby
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Crawford
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Anthony P Crupi
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Douglas, Alaska, USA
| | - Andrea K Darracq
- Department of Biology, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, USA
- Watershed Studies Institute, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, USA
| | - Miranda L Davis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brett A DeGregorio
- US Geological Survey Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Kyle D Dougherty
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ace Driver
- Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Andrew J Edelman
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, Georgia, USA
| | - E Hance Ellington
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Jean E Fantle-Lepczyk
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Zach J Farris
- Department of Public Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Pilar Fernandez
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - M Caitlin Fisher-Reid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew C Fitzpatrick
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Flaherty
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Tavis D Forrester
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Sarah R Fritts
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Travis Gallo
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Brian D Gerber
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sean T Giery
- Eberly College of Science, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Alex D Gonatas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna C Grady
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Austin M Green
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tremaine Gregory
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | - Noel Griffin
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert H Hagen
- Environmental Studies Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Christopher P Hansen
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Lonnie P Hansen
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Steven C Hasstedt
- Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy, Air Force Academy, Colorado, USA
| | - Haydée Hernández-Yáñez
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | - Daniel J Herrera
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Robert V Horan
- Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division, Brunswick, Georgia, USA
| | - Victoria L Jackson
- Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Mark J Jordan
- Department of Biology, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Willaine Kahano
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Joseph Kiser
- Department of Biology, Mitchell Community College, Statesville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Travis W Knowles
- Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina, USA
| | - Molly M Koeck
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Caroline Koroly
- Department of Biology, Mitchell Community College, Statesville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kellie M Kuhn
- Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy, Air Force Academy, Colorado, USA
| | - Erin K Kuprewicz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- Connecticut State Museum of Natural History, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Diana J R Lafferty
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marqeutte, Michigan, USA
| | - Scott D LaPoint
- Black Rock Forest, Cornwall, New York, USA
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, New York, USA
| | - Marcus Lashley
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Richard G Lathrop
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Thomas E Lee
- Department of Biology, Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher A Lepczyk
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Damon B Lesmeister
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jason V Lombardi
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas, USA
| | | | - Robert C Lonsinger
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- US Geological Survey, Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Sean P Maher
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, USA
| | - David S Mason
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joshua J Millspaugh
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Remington J Moll
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jessica B Moon
- Department of Biology, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, USA
- Watershed Studies Institute, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, USA
| | - Alessio Mortelliti
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alexis M Mychajliw
- Department of Biology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont, USA
- Environmental Studies Program, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont, USA
| | | | - Sean A Neiswenter
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Dana L Nelson
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Claire E Nemes
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Clayton K Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
- Forestry Program, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | | | - M Teague O'Mara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana, USA
| | - Brian J O'Neill
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Blake R Page
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Parsons
- The Jones Center at Ichauway, Newton, Georgia, USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Brent S Pease
- Forestry Program, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Mike Proctor
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, Ardmore, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Heather Quick
- Department of Biology, Mitchell Community College, Statesville, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Michael S Rentz
- Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kylie Rezendes
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Daric Rich
- Scenic Hudson, Poughkeepsie, New York, USA
| | - Derek R Risch
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Andrea Romero
- Department of Biological Sciences; Department of Geography, Geology, and Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Christopher T Rota
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | | | | | - Çağan H Sekercioğlu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- College of Sciences, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Maksim Sergeyev
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Austin B Smith
- Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | | | - Jinelle H Sperry
- U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Jennifer L Stenglein
- Office of Applied Science, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael K Stokes
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
| | - Johnathon S Stutzman
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | - Kimberly R Todd
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | - John P Vanek
- Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York, USA
- SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Wren Varga
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Zachary M Wardle
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Natural Resources Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen L Webb
- Natural Resources Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Rangeland, Wildlife and Fisheries Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Nathaniel H Wehr
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Laura S Whipple
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marqeutte, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher A Whittier
- Tufts Center for Conservation Medicine, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jane S Widness
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Andrew M Wilson
- Environmental Studies, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Marketa Zimova
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adam S Zorn
- Huston-Brumbaugh Nature Center, University of Mount Union, Alliance, Ohio, USA
| | - William J McShea
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
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Nielsen CK, Elsgaard L, Jørgensen U, Lærke PE. Soil greenhouse gas emissions from drained and rewetted agricultural bare peat mesocosms are linked to geochemistry. Sci Total Environ 2023; 896:165083. [PMID: 37391135 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
In view of climate considerations regarding the management of peatlands, there is a need to assess whether rewetting can mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and notably how site-specific soil-geochemistry will influence differences in emission magnitudes. However, there are inconsistent results regarding the correlation of soil properties with heterotrophic respiration (Rh) of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from bare peat. In this study, we determined 1) soil-, and site-specific geochemical components as drivers for emissions from Rh on five Danish fens and bogs, and 2) emission magnitudes under drained and rewetted conditions. For this, a mesocosm experiment was performed under equal exposure to climatic conditions and water table depths controlled to either -40 cm, or -5 cm. For the drained soils, we found that annual cumulative emissions, accounting for all three gases, were dominated by CO2, contributing with, on average, 99 % to a varying global warming potential (GWP) of 12.2-16.9 t CO2eq ha-1 yr-1. Rewetting lowered annual cumulative emissions from Rh by 3.2-5.1 t CO2eq ha-1 yr-1 for fens and bogs, respectively, despite a high variability of site-specific CH4 emissions, contributing with 0.3-3.4 t CO2 ha-1 yr-1 to the GWP. Overall, analyses using generalized additive models (GAM) showed that emission magnitudes were well explained by geochemical variables. Under drained conditions, significant soil-specific predictor variables for CO2 flux magnitudes were pH, phosphorus (P), and the soil substrate's relative water holding capacity (WHC). When rewetted, CO2 and CH4 emissions from Rh were affected by pH, WHC, as well as contents of P, total carbon and nitrogen. In conclusion, our results found the highest GHG reduction on fen peatlands, further highlighting that peat nutrient status and acidity, and the potential availability of alternative electron acceptors, might be used as proxies for prioritising peatland areas for GHG mitigation efforts by rewetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Nielsen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technology, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; CBIO, Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - L Elsgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technology, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - U Jørgensen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technology, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; CBIO, Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - P E Lærke
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technology, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; CBIO, Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, Denmark
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Zieman EA, Phillips VC, Jiménez FA, Nielsen CK. CLINICAL AND SUBCLINICAL CYTAUXZOON FELIS INFECTIONS IN DOMESTIC CATS FROM A RECENTLY IDENTIFIED ENDEMIC REGION. J Parasitol 2023; 109:525-529. [PMID: 37861238 DOI: 10.1645/23-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytauxzoon felis is a tick-transmitted intraerythrocytic apicomplexan infecting felids in the southeastern and midwestern United States. Bobcats (Lynx rufus) are the natural wildlife reservoir of C. felis, where in enzootic areas prevalence can reach 100%. Domestic cats can be subclinically infected with C. felis or can develop cytauxzoonosis. Two studies have documented the presence of C. felis in domestic cats in Illinois; these studies have shown a limited number of cases submitted to specialty labs. During 2014-2018, we obtained blood samples collected by veterinary staff from 514 cats that were apparently healthy and 74 cats that were suspected of cytauxzoonosis. These samples were screened using a sensitive, nested PCR to detect the presence of C. felis DNA. We herein document frequent occurrences of cytauxzoonosis (8-15 cases/year from 4 veterinary clinics) and 12.5% prevalence of subclinical infections in southern Illinois, a locality showing a sharp increase in cases of cytauxzoonosis. Our results suggest a high risk of cytauxzoonosis in southern Illinois, despite only recently being recognized in the area. We found no specific risk factors for cytauxzoonosis or subclinical infections in this location. In addition, cases of cytauxzoonosis occur every month of the year (with the highest frequency in summer) and therefore tick prevention should be used in domestic cats in enzootic regions throughout the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott A Zieman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, 600 Lincoln Ave., Charleston, Illinois 61920
| | - Victoria C Phillips
- School of Biological Sciences, Zoology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1125 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, Illinois 62901-6501
| | - F Agustín Jiménez
- School of Biological Sciences, Zoology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1125 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, Illinois 62901-6501
| | - Clayton K Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Forestry Program, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1205 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, Illinois 62901
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Hooven ND, Springer MT, Nielsen CK, Schauber EM. Influence of natal habitat preference on habitat selection during extra-home range movements in a large ungulate. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9794. [PMID: 36760707 PMCID: PMC9897958 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Natal habitat preference induction (NHPI) occurs when animals exhibit a preference for new habitat that is similar to that which they experienced in their natal environment, potentially leading to post-dispersal success. While the study of NHPI is typically focused on post-settlement home ranges, we investigated how this behavior may manifest during extra-home range movements (EHRMs), both to identify exploratory prospecting behavior and assess how natal habitat cues may influence path selection before settlement. We analyzed GPS collar relocation data collected during 79 EHRMs made by 34 juvenile and subadult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) across an agricultural landscape with highly fragmented forests in Illinois, USA. We developed a workflow to measure multidimensional natal habitat dissimilarity for each EHRM relocation and fit step-selection functions to evaluate whether natal habitat similarity explained habitat selection along movement paths. Across seasons, selection for natal habitat similarity was generally weak during excursive movements, but strong during dispersals, indicating that NHPI is manifested in dispersal habitat selection in this study system and bolstering the hypothesis that excursive movements differ functionally from dispersal. Our approach for extending the NHPI hypothesis to behavior during EHRMs can be applied to a variety of taxa and can expand our understanding of how individual behavioral variation and early life experience may shape connectivity and resistance across landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D. Hooven
- School of the EnvironmentWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA,Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Matthew T. Springer
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of ForestrySouthern Illinois University CarbondaleCarbondaleIllinoisUSA
| | - Eric M. Schauber
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research InstituteUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignIllinoisUSA
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Greenspan E, Montgomery C, Stokes D, K'lu SS, Moo SSB, Anile S, Giordano AJ, Nielsen CK. Occupancy, density, and activity patterns of a Critically Endangered leopard population on the
Kawthoolei‐Thailand
border. POPUL ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/1438-390x.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Evan Greenspan
- Karen Wildlife Conservation Initiative Willagee Western Australia Australia
| | - Clara Montgomery
- Karen Wildlife Conservation Initiative Willagee Western Australia Australia
| | - Demelza Stokes
- Karen Wildlife Conservation Initiative Willagee Western Australia Australia
| | - Saw Say K'lu
- Kawthoolei Forestry Department Chiang Mai Thailand
| | | | - Stefano Anile
- Forestry Program and Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory Southern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois USA
| | | | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Forestry Program and Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory Southern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois USA
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Remmers JJ, Nielsen CK, Lesmeister DB. Anthropogenic and environmental influences on mammalian alpha and beta diversity in a hardwood forest landscape. Glob Ecol Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Gettelman TE, Nielsen CK, Scimeca JM, Schauber EM. River otter chemical immobilization and field surgery using nonscheduled drugs. WILDLIFE SOC B 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana E. Gettelman
- Department of Zoology and Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Department of Forestry and Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - Joseph M. Scimeca
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - Eric M. Schauber
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Champaign IL 61820 USA
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Landau VA, Noon BR, Theobald DM, Hobbs NT, Nielsen CK. Integrating presence-only and occupancy data to model habitat use for the northernmost population of jaguars. Ecol Appl 2022; 32:e2619. [PMID: 35384139 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Species distribution models (SDMs) have become an essential tool for the management and conservation of imperiled species. However, many at-risk species are rare and characterized by limited data on their spatial distribution and habitat relationships. This has led to the development of SDMs that integrate multiple types and sources of data to leverage more information and provide improved predictions of habitat associations. We developed a novel integrated species distribution model to predict habitat suitability for jaguars (Panthera onca) in the border region between northern Mexico and the southwestern USA. Our model combined presence-only and occupancy data to identify key environmental correlates, and we used model results to develop a probability of use map. We adopted a logistic regression modeling framework, which we found to be more straightforward and less computationally intensive to fit than Poisson point process-based models. Model results suggested that high terrain ruggedness and the presence of riparian vegetation were most strongly related to habitat use by jaguars in our study region. Our best model, on average, predicted that there is currently 25,463 km2 of usable habitat in our study region. The United States portion of the study region, which makes up 38.6% of the total area, contained 40.6% of the total usable habitat. Even though there have been few detections of jaguars in the southwestern USA in recent decades, our results suggest that protection of currently suitable habitats, along with increased conservation efforts, could significantly contribute to the recovery of jaguars in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barry R Noon
- Conservation Science Partners, Inc, Truckee, California, USA
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - N Thompson Hobbs
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Clayton K Nielsen
- Department of Forestry and Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
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Marler H, Xie J, Adams DH, Nielsen CK, Wu Y, Chen D. Legacy and emerging flame retardants in sharks from the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Sci Total Environ 2022; 829:154330. [PMID: 35306075 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Following the discontinuation of commercial polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) mixtures, a variety of alternative flame retardants (FRs) have been developed and employed. To understand the contamination status of these emerging FRs in marine fish and wildlife, we investigated their bioaccumulation in four shark species, including shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrhinchus; n = 26), porbeagle (Lamna nasus; n = 4), sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus; n = 6), and common thresher (Alopias vulpinus; n = 4), from coastal and offshore waters of the western North Atlantic Ocean. Median concentrations of emerging FRs, including dechlorane analogues (i.e., dechlorane plus, Dec-602, -603, and - 604), tetrabromo-o-chlorotoluene (TBCT), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), and hexabromobenzene (HBBZ), ranged from 1.4-7.4, 10.2-22.4, 1.0-16.7, and 4.1-17.7 ng/g lipid weight (lw), respectively. Although concentrations of emerging FRs were generally 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than those of legacy FRs (i.e., PBDEs, 312-800 ng/g lw and hexabromocyclododecane or HBCDD, 17.2-99.3 ng/g lw), they were detected in more than 80% of the shark livers. Analysis of available biological data indicated that fork length significantly correlated with the concentrations of ΣPBDEs, HBCDD, ΣDechloranes or TBCT in shortfin mako livers. This indicates that longer-term exposure likely results in elevated FR concentrations in sharks. Our findings suggest likely exposure of western North Atlantic fish and wildlife to several emerging FRs, including dechloranes, BTBPE, HBBZ, and TBCT. Additional studies are needed to better elucidate their potential risks to fish and wildlife as well as the variety of environmental and biological factors influencing these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Marler
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Jinxin Xie
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510621, China
| | - Douglas H Adams
- Cape Canaveral Scientific Inc, 220 Surf Road, Melbourne Beach, FL 32951, United States
| | - Clayton K Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510621, China.
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10
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Morin DJ, Lesmeister DB, Nielsen CK, Schauber EM. Asymmetrical intraguild interactions with coyotes, red foxes, and domestic dogs may contribute to competitive exclusion of declining gray foxes. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9074. [PMID: 35813925 PMCID: PMC9251843 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Species coexistence is governed by availability of resources and intraguild interactions including strategies to reduce ecological overlap. Gray foxes are dietary generalist mesopredators expected to benefit from anthropogenic disturbance, but populations have declined across the midwestern USA, including severe local extirpation rates coinciding with high coyote and domestic dog occurrence and low red fox occurrence. We used data from a large‐scale camera trap survey in southern Illinois, USA to quantify intraguild spatial and temporal interactions among the canid guild including domestic dogs. We used a two‐species co‐occurrence model to make pairwise assessments of conditional occupancy and detection rates. We also estimated temporal activity overlap among species and fit a fixed‐effects hierarchical community occupancy model with the four canid species. We partitioned the posterior distributions to compare gray fox occupancy probabilities conditional on estimated state of combinations of other species to assess support for hypothesized interactions. We found no evidence of broadscale avoidance among native canids and conclude that spatial and temporal segregation were limited by ubiquitous human disturbance. Mean guild richness was two canid species at a site and gray fox occupancy was greater when any combination of sympatric canids was also present, setting the stage for competitive exclusion over time. Domestic dogs may amplify competitive interactions by increasing canid guild size to the detriment of gray foxes. Our results suggest that while human activities can benefit some mesopredators, other species such as gray foxes may serve as bellwethers for habitat degradation with trophic downgrading and continued anthropogenic homogenization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana J. Morin
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture Mississippi State University Mississippi State Mississippi USA
| | - Damon B. Lesmeister
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, U.S. Forest Service and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Forestry Program Southern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois USA
| | - Eric M. Schauber
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois USA
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11
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Tebo RG, Bottom CR, Nielsen CK. Foraging and travel success of wild turkey poults in southern Illinois grasslands. WILDLIFE SOC B 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G. Tebo
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology Southern Illinois University Carbondale Carbondale Illinois USA
| | - Christopher R. Bottom
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology Southern Illinois University Carbondale Carbondale Illinois USA
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Forestry Southern Illinois University Carbondale Carbondale Illinois USA
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12
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Lioy FG, Franculli D, Calandri S, Francescangeli D, Pecorella S, Gaudiano L, Filacorda S, Valvo ML, Nielsen CK, Anile S. Show me your tail, if you have one! Is inbreeding depression occurring in wildcats (Felis silvestris silvestris) from Italy? MAMMAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-022-00627-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Haywood CJ, Jordon AM, Pena M, Nielsen CK, Jiménez FA. Tissue and Gastrointestinal Parasites of Colonizing Nine-Banded Armadillos at the Edge of Their Northern Range. J Parasitol 2022; 108:57-63. [DOI: 10.1645/21-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carly J. Haywood
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, 1125 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901-6501
| | - Abigail M. Jordon
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, 1125 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901-6501
| | - Maria Pena
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Health Systems Bureau, National Hansen's Disease Program, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70809
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, 1125 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901-6501
| | - F. Agustín Jiménez
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, 1125 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901-6501
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14
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Amspacher KM, Jiménez FA, Nielsen CK. Winter denning behaviour of striped skunks and interspecific den activity at their dens: implications for pathogen transmission. Wildl Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/wr22002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly J. Haywood
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901
| | - F. Agustín Jiménez
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901
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16
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Hillard EM, Crawford JC, Nielsen CK, Groninger JW, Schauber EM. Hydrogeomorphology Influences Swamp Rabbit Habitat Selection in Bottomland Hardwood Forests. J Wildl Manage 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Hillard
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Forestry Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - Joanne C. Crawford
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Forestry Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - John W. Groninger
- Department of Forestry Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - Eric M. Schauber
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute University of Illinois Champaign IL 61820 USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Greenspan
- Department of Forestry and Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - Michelle A. Larue
- School of Earth and Environment University of Canterbury Christchurch 8041 New Zealand
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Department of Forestry and Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
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18
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Panait LC, Mihalca AD, Modrý D, Juránková J, Ionică AM, Deak G, Gherman CM, Heddergott M, Hodžić A, Veronesi F, Reichard M, Zieman EA, Nielsen CK, Jiménez-Ruiz FA, Hrazdilová K. Three new species of Cytauxzoon in European wild felids. Vet Parasitol 2021; 290:109344. [PMID: 33465567 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protists of the genus Cytauxzoon infect a wide variety of wild and domestic felids worldwide. While the American Cytauxzoon felis has been well described, data on the European isolates of Cytauxzoon are still scant. The aim of the current study was to determine the genetic diversity of European Cytauxzoon spp. in wild felids across Europe by analyzing one nuclear and two mitochondrial genes, along with representative complete mitochondrial genomes. Overall, 106 biological samples from wild felids (92 from Felis silvestris and 14 from Lynx lynx) from Germany, Romania, Czech Republic, and Luxembourg were collected and screened for the presence of Cytauxzoon spp. using nested PCR protocols, targeting the highly conserved 18S rDNA, mitochondrial cytochrome b (CytB) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes. Furthermore, 18 previously confirmed wild felid biological samples from Europe, and comparative material from USA positive for C. felis, were included in the study. In 18S rDNA sequences analyses, Cytauxzoon spp. from felids formed two separate clades of New World and Old World isolates, with a low inner diversity of the European clade. In contrast to 18S rDNA, the phylogenetic analyses of CytB and COI genes affirmatively revealed three highly supported clades, resulting in three defined genotypes. Similar intra- and interspecific variability of CytB and COI genes was observed in the case of different Babesia spp. Considering geography, host species and analyses of three genes, we conclude that the three detected genotypes of Cytauxzoon in European wild felids represent three new species, which we herein describe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Cătălina Panait
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania.
| | - Andrei Daniel Mihalca
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania.
| | - David Modrý
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Brno, 61242, Brno, Czech Republic; Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Juránková
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Brno, 61242, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Angela Monica Ionică
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania; CDS-9, "Regele Mihai I Al României" Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania.
| | - Georgiana Deak
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania.
| | - Călin Mircea Gherman
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania.
| | - Mike Heddergott
- Museum of Natural History, 25 Rue Munster, 2160, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
| | - Adnan Hodžić
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Fabrizia Veronesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Mason Reichard
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 74078, Stillwater, OK, United States.
| | - Elliott A Zieman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, 61920-3099, Charleston, IL, United States.
| | - Clayton K Nielsen
- Department of Forestry and Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 62901-6501, Carbondale, IL, United States.
| | | | - Kristýna Hrazdilová
- CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Brno, 61242, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, 32300, Plzeň, Czech Republic.
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19
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Anile S, Augugliaro C, Munkhtsog B, Dartora F, Vendramin A, Bombieri G, Nielsen CK. Density and activity patterns of Pallas’s cats, Otocolobus manul, in central Mongolia. Wildl Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/wr20061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Hilts DJ, Gehring TM, Nielsen CK, Etter DR, Brown SM, Truax RR. Seasonal Use of Latrines by Bobcats: Implications for Monitoring Programs. J Wildl Manage 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. Hilts
- Department of Biology, Institute for Great Lakes Research Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant MI 48858 USA
| | - Thomas M. Gehring
- Department of Biology, Institute for Great Lakes Research Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant MI 48858 USA
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - Dwayne R. Etter
- Michigan Department of Natural Resources 4166 Legacy Parkway Lansing MI 48911 USA
| | - Shelby M. Brown
- Department of Biology, Institute for Great Lakes Research Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant MI 48858 USA
| | - Robert R. Truax
- Department of Biology, Institute for Great Lakes Research Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant MI 48858 USA
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Abstract
Cytauxzoon felis is a pathogen responsible for cytauxzoonosis, a highly fatal disease in domestic cats. Although most studies of C. felis have focused on this parasite in domestic cats, bobcats are the reservoir host. In stark contrast, there is little information relative to the progression of C. felis infections in bobcats. We studied bobcats in southern Illinois during 2014-2017 to evaluate which environmental factors (i.e., ambient temperature; number of daylight hours; trapping year, month, and day) influenced C. felis parasitemia levels. Mean ambient temperature at 1 wk and 2 wk prior to sampling was associated with increased parasitemia levels. Vector activity intensifies with higher temperatures, suggesting that increased parasitemia levels are an adaptation to facilitate transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott A Zieman
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1125 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, Illinois 62901-6501.,Current Address: Department of Biology, Wilmington College, 1870 Quaker Way, Wilmington, Ohio 45177
| | - Trevor Lawson
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1125 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, Illinois 62901-6501
| | - Clayton K Nielsen
- Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1205 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, Illinois 62901, and Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1125 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, Illinois 62901
| | - F Agustín Jiménez
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1125 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, Illinois 62901-6501
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22
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Morin DJ, Yackulic CB, Diffendorfer JE, Lesmeister DB, Nielsen CK, Reid J, Schauber EM. Is your ad hoc model selection strategy affecting your multimodel inference? Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dana J. Morin
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture Mississippi State University Box 9680 Mississippi State Mississippi 39762 USA
| | - Charles B. Yackulic
- Southwest Biological Science Center U.S. Geological Survey 2255 N. Gemini Drive Flagstaff Arizona 86001 USA
| | - Jay E. Diffendorfer
- Denver Federal Center U.S. Geological Survey, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center Denver Colorado 80225 USA
| | - Damon B. Lesmeister
- Pacific Northwest Research Station U.S. Forest Service and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Forestry Southern Illinois University 251 Life Science II, Mail Code 6504 Carbondale Illinois 62901 USA
| | - Janice Reid
- Pacific Northwest Research Station U.S. Forest Service 777 NW Garden Valley Blvd Roseburg Oregon 97471 USA
| | - Eric M. Schauber
- Illinois Natural History Survey Prairie Research Institute University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign 1816 S. Oak Street Champaign Illinois 61820 USA
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23
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Cassel KW, Morin DJ, Nielsen CK, Preuss TS, Glowacki GA. Low-intensity monitoring of small-mammal habitat associations and species interactions in an urban forest-preserve network. Wildl Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/wr18082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
ContextAnthropogenic landscape modification and fragmentation result in loss of species and can alter ecosystem function. Assessment of the ecological value of urban reserve networks requires baseline and continued monitoring. However, depending on the desired indicators and parameters, effective monitoring can involve extensive sampling that is often financially or logistically infeasible.
AimsWe employed a low-intensity, mixed-detector survey design to monitor the small-mammal community across a network of 53 fragmented forest preserves (225 sites) in a highly urbanised landscape in the Chicago metropolitan area from August to October, 2009–2012.
MethodsWe used a sequential process to fit single-season occupancy and pairwise co-occurrence models for six common small mammal species to evaluate habitat associations and interspecific interactions.
Key resultsShrew species and meadow voles occurred more often in open canopy-associated habitats, whereas occupancy was greater for eastern chipmunks, grey squirrels and white-footed mice in closed-canopy habitats. Habitat associations were complicated by negative pairwise interactions, resulting in reduced occurrence of meadow voles when predatory short-tailed shrews were present and lower occupancy rates of white-footed mouse when chipmunk competitors where present. White-footed mice co-occurred with short-tailed shrews, but detection of white-footed mice was lower when either eastern chipmunks or short-tailed shrews were present, suggesting that densities of these species could be inversely related.
ConclusionsWe found evidence for both habitat segregation and interspecific interactions among small mammal species, by using low-intensity sampling across the reserve network. Thus, our sampling and analysis approach allowed for adequate assessment of the habitat associations and species interactions within a small-mammal community.
ImplicationsOur findings demonstrated the utility of this monitoring strategy and community as bioindicators for urban-reserve networks. The approach described holds promise for efficient monitoring of reserve networks in fragmented landscapes, critical as human population densities and urbanisation increase, and we discuss how adaptive sampling methods could be incorporated to further benefit conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Holland
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Mail Code 6504, Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - Eric M. Schauber
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Mail Code 6504, Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Mail Code 6504, Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - Eric C. Hellgren
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation 110 Newins‐Ziegler Hall, PO Box 110430 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Larue
- Department of GeographyUniversity of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand 8401
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Department of Forestry and Cooperative Wildlife Research LaboratorySouthern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901‐6504 USA
| | - Brent S. Pease
- Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
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Abstract
AbstractRiver otter populations have expanded across much of their historical range, including in Illinois where they were reintroduced from 1994 to 1997. These expanding populations are recolonizing a wide range of landscapes with different levels of human modification, which could influence how river otters use space in relation to habitat characteristics and each other. Our objectives were to quantify 1) home ranges and core areas, 2) sociality, and 3) habitat selection across all available habitats and within home ranges (second- and third-order selection, respectively) of 22 radiomarked river otters (Lontra canadensis) in southern Illinois during 2014–2016. Our study area contained a diverse mix of forest, agriculture, aquatic and wetland habitats, and a range of urban development intensity. We examined sociality using the frequency at which individuals were located < 25 m from a conspecific and compared home-range overlap among individuals based on sex. Habitat selection at the second and third order was analyzed using an eigen-analysis of selection ratios based on landcover categories. Similar to other studies, male river otters had > 2-fold larger home ranges and core areas than females in southern Illinois. Several lines of evidence indicated males were more social than females. Males were located close to a conspecific more frequently than were females, and overlap of home ranges and core areas among males was greater than it was among females or between sexes. As observed in other landscapes, river otters strongly selected herbaceous and wooded wetlands at both second- and third-order scales. River otters selected terrestrial cover types with vegetative cover potentially due to shelter or prey availability. Forests were selected over crop fields at the third-order scale, which was consistent with studies using sign surveys. River otters in our study had home ranges containing 0–40% developed land cover, but we found no evidence that otters living in more developed areas used their home ranges more selectively. River otters in this landscape were plastic in regard to social behavior and habitat selection, highlighting their generalist nature and providing insight into their ability to successfully recolonize areas of the Midwest with sufficient vegetative cover and aquatic habitat, among other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Hanrahan
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 251 Life Science II, Carbondale, IL USA
| | - Andrew U Rutter
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 251 Life Science II, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Clayton K Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 251 Life Science II, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Eric M Schauber
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 251 Life Science II, Carbondale, IL USA
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Swan JL, Carver A, Correa N, Nielsen CK. Wildlife rescue and relocation efforts associated with the Panamá Canal Third Locks Expansion Project. Tropical Zoology 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03946975.2019.1589264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Swan
- Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
- WVDL – Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, 445 Easterday Lane, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrew Carver
- Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Nestor Correa
- Asociacion Panamericana para la Conservacion, Colon, Panama
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Department of Forestry and The Cooperative Wildlife Research Lab, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
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Holland AM, Schauber EM, Nielsen CK, Hellgren EC. Occupancy dynamics of semi‐aquatic herbivores in riparian systems in Illinois, USA. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Holland
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory Southern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois 62918 USA
| | - Eric M. Schauber
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory Southern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois 62918 USA
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory Southern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois 62918 USA
| | - Eric C. Hellgren
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA
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Shew JJ, Nielsen CK, Sparling DW. Finer‐scale habitat predicts nest survival in grassland birds more than management and landscape: A multi‐scale perspective. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. Shew
- Cooperative Wildlife Research LaboratorySouthern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois
- Department of ZoologySouthern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research LaboratorySouthern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois
- Department of ForestrySouthern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois
| | - Donald W. Sparling
- Cooperative Wildlife Research LaboratorySouthern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois
- Department of ZoologySouthern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois
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Marler H, Adams DH, Wu Y, Nielsen CK, Shen L, Reiner EJ, Chen D. Maternal Transfer of Flame Retardants in Sharks from the Western North Atlantic Ocean. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:12978-12986. [PMID: 30226756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present work represents a comprehensive study of in utero maternal transfer of legacy and emerging flame retardants (FRs) in marine predators. We analyzed liver tissues from pregnant sharks of five viviparous species, including blacknose shark ( Carcharhinus acronotus; n = 12), blacktip shark ( Carcharhinus limbatus; n = 2), bonnethead ( Sphyrna tiburo; n = 2), Atlantic sharpnose shark ( Rhizoprionodon terraenovae; n = 2), and spinner shark ( Carcharhinus brevipinna; n = 2), as well as their embryos ( n = 84 in total from five species), collected from the western North Atlantic Ocean. Concentrations of frequently detected emerging FRs in adult female blacknose sharks were determined to be 6.1-83.3 ng/g lipid weight (lw) for dechlorane analogues, 2.5-29.8 ng/g lw for tetrabromo- o-chlorotoluene, and nondetection -32.6 ng/g lw for hexabromobenzene. These concentrations were 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than those of legacy polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants (85.7-398 ng/g lw). Similar contamination profiles were also found in the other four species, although FR concentrations varied in different species. A total of 21 FRs were commonly found in developing embryos of female sharks from five species, demonstrating maternal transfer in utero. The maternal transfer ratio (i.e., ratio of the mean litter concentration to their mother's concentration) determined in blacknose shark mother/embryo groups for each FR chemical was negatively associated with its octanol-water partition coefficient. Our work lays a solid foundation for future investigation of the underlying mechanisms of in utero transfer and additional physical or chemical factors that affect maternal transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Marler
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology , Southern Illinois University , Carbondale , Illinois 62901 , United States
| | - Douglas H Adams
- Cape Canaveral Scientific Inc., 220 Surf Road , Melbourne Beach , Florida 32951 , United States
| | - Yan Wu
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology , Southern Illinois University , Carbondale , Illinois 62901 , United States
| | - Clayton K Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Forestry , Southern Illinois University , Carbondale , Illinois 62901 , United States
| | - Li Shen
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto , Ontario M9P 3V6 , Canada
| | - Eric J Reiner
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto , Ontario M9P 3V6 , Canada
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , China
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Hillard EM, Edmund AC, Crawford JC, Nielsen CK, Schauber EM, Groninger JW. Winter snow cover increases swamp rabbit (Sylvilagus aquaticus) mortality at the northern extent of their range. Mamm Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nielsen CK, Stroud-Settles JK. Home Range and Habitat Use of Female White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the Northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan. Mammal Study 2018. [DOI: 10.3106/ms2017-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clayton K. Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-6504, USA
| | - Janice K. Stroud-Settles
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-6504, USA
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Morin DJ, Lesmeister DB, Nielsen CK, Schauber EM. The truth about cats and dogs: Landscape composition and human occupation mediate the distribution and potential impact of non-native carnivores. Glob Ecol Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Berkman LK, Nielsen CK, Roy CL, Heist EJ. A landscape genetic analysis of swamp rabbits (Sylvilagus aquaticus) suggests forest canopy cover enhances gene flow in an agricultural matrix. CAN J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2017-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Habitat loss and fragmentation pose a continued and immediate threat to wildlife and create a persistent need for ecological information at the landscape scale to guide conservation efforts. Landscape features influence population connectivity for many species and genetic analyses can be employed to determine which of these features are most important. Because population connectivity through dispersal is important to the persistence of swamp rabbits (Sylvilagus aquaticus (Bachman, 1837)) at the northern edge of their range, we used a landscape genetic approach to relate gene flow to landscape features that may impact dispersal success. We tested resistance values for attributes of land cover, watercourse corridors, canopy cover, and roads and used causal modeling and redundancy analysis to relate these representations of landscapes to genetic distance for swamp rabbits in southern Illinois, USA. Models that included canopy cover had the strongest correlations with genetic distance and were supported by our methods whereas other models were not. We concluded that high tree canopy cover enhances gene flow and landscape connectivity for swamp rabbits in southern Illinois. Our study provides important empirical evidence that landscape variables may impact the habitat connectivity of swamp rabbits. Preserving dispersal routes for swamp rabbits should focus on improving canopy cover, in both bottomland and upland, to connect suitable habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah K. Berkman
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-6504, USA
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-6504, USA
| | - Charlotte L. Roy
- Forest Wildlife Populations and Research Group, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Grand Rapids, MN 55744, USA
| | - Edward J. Heist
- Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-6501, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Holland
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory; Southern Illinois Univ.; Carbondale IL USA
- Joseph W. Jones Ecological Research Center; 3988 Jones Center Drive; Newton GA 39870 USA
| | - Eric M. Schauber
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory; Southern Illinois Univ.; Carbondale IL USA
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory; Southern Illinois Univ.; Carbondale IL USA
| | - Eric C. Hellgren
- Dept of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; Univ. of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
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Zieman EA, Nielsen CK, Jiménez FA. Chronic Cytauxzoon felis infections in wild-caught bobcats (Lynx rufus). Vet Parasitol 2018; 252:67-69. [PMID: 29559153 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytauxzoon felis, and the resulting disease, cytauxzoonosis, is an emerging threat to domestic cats in the Midwest and Southeastern United States. Domestic cats that survive cytauxzoonosis (or are subclinically infected) are chronically infected with C. felis, yet to date, there is no information relative to chronic infections in bobcats, the natural reservoir. Over a period of 3.5 years (2014-2017), we captured and re-captured 5 bobcats in southern Illinois. One bobcat was captured each year of trapping, 1 was caught in the first and third year and 3 were recaptured approximately 1 year apart. We screened bobcats for the presence of C. felis using a nested PCR that amplified the nuclear small subunit (SSU) 18S rRNA. In addition, we amplified and sequenced the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2) to detect if the strains of C. felis in each bobcat were consistent over time. All bobcats were positive for C. felis at the initial and subsequent capture(s). Bobcats that were PCR-positive for C. felis had blood smears screened for the presence of C. felis; all PCR-positive bobcats had detectable parasites in blood smears. The strains of C. felis present were consistent each year in 4 of 5 bobcats indicating these bobcats remained infected during this period. One bobcat appeared to be infected with a different strain based on a polymorphism at a nucleotide in ITS1. Our study provides important details of the epizootiology of C. felis: bobcats are chronically infected and are not immune to reinfection with new strains of C. felis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott A Zieman
- Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1125 Lincoln Dr. Carbondale, IL, 62901-6501, United States.
| | - Clayton K Nielsen
- Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1125 Lincoln Dr. Carbondale, IL, 62901-6501, United States; Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1205 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, IL, 62901, United States; Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1125 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, IL, 62901, United States
| | - F Agustín Jiménez
- Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1125 Lincoln Dr. Carbondale, IL, 62901-6501, United States
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Vandermark C, Zieman E, Boyles E, Nielsen CK, Davis C, Jiménez FA. Trypanosoma cruzi strain TcIV infects raccoons from Illinois. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2018; 113:30-37. [PMID: 29211106 PMCID: PMC5719540 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760170230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The northern limits of Trypanosoma cruzi across the territory of the United States remain unknown. The known vectors Triatoma sanguisuga and T. lecticularia find their northernmost limits in Illinois; yet, earlier screenings of those insects did not reveal the presence of the pathogen, which has not been reported in vectors or reservoir hosts in this state. OBJECTIVES Five species of medium-sized mammals were screened for the presence of T. cruzi. METHODS Genomic DNA was isolated from heart, spleen and skeletal muscle of bobcats (Lynx rufus, n = 60), raccoons (Procyon lotor, n = 37), nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus, n = 5), Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana, n = 3), and a red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Infections were detected targeting DNA from the kinetoplast DNA minicircle (kDNA) and satellite DNA (satDNA). The discrete typing unit (DTU) was determined by amplifying two gene regions: the Spliced Leader Intergenic Region (SL), via a multiplex polymerase chain reaction, and the 24Sα ribosomal DNA via a heminested reaction. Resulting sequences were used to calculate their genetic distance against reference DTUs. FINDINGS 18.9% of raccoons were positive for strain TcIV; the rest of mammals tested negative. MAIN CONCLUSIONS These results confirm for the first time the presence of T. cruzi in wildlife from Illinois, suggesting that a sylvatic life cycle is likely to occur in the region. The analyses of sequences of SL suggest that amplicons resulting from a commonly used multiplex reaction may yield non-homologous fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailey Vandermark
- Southern Illinois University, Department of Zoology, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Elliott Zieman
- Southern Illinois University, Department of Zoology, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Esmarie Boyles
- Southern Illinois University, Department of Zoology, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Clayton K Nielsen
- Southern Illinois University, Department of Zoology, Carbondale, IL, USA.,Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Department of Forestry, Carbondale, IL, USA.,Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Cheryl Davis
- Western Kentucky University, Department of Biology, Bowling Green, KY, USA
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Tosa MI, Springer MT, Schauber EM, Nielsen CK. Increased overwinter mortalities of white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) fawns during a drought year. CAN J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2017-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mortality rates of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)) fawns have been quantified throughout North America. Few studies, however, have assessed cause-specific mortality of fawns after the first 3 months of life or during a severe weather event. During 2010–2014, we captured and radio-tracked 93 fawns in southern and central Illinois and recorded 18 mortality events. In order of importance, survival rates were affected by days since capture, year of drought, age at capture, week after capture (1 or 0 indicator), and region. Estimated overwinter (fall through spring) survival rate (±SE) of fawns in both regions during 2010–2014 was 0.83 ± 0.04. However, estimated overwinter survival rates were depressed during 2012–2013, following the severe drought of 2012 (0.63 ± 0.11 or 0.66 ± 0.11 depending on the model). Main causes of mortality were capture-related and predation, though some dead deer also showed signs of hemorrhagic disease. We suspect that the extreme drought of 2012 created favorable conditions for fall–spring mortality of fawns, due to elevated disease transmission and lower forage quality and quantity for deer. In addition, drought may have contributed to predation by reducing abundance of alternative prey. Our results suggest that severe weather conditions during summer can substantially impact overwinter fawn survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie I. Tosa
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Matthew T. Springer
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Forestry, and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Eric M. Schauber
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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Nielsen CK, Stroud-Settles JK. Survival of Female White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileusvirginianus) in the Northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan. Mammal Study 2017. [DOI: 10.3106/041.042.0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clayton K. Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL 62901-6504, USA
| | - Janice K. Stroud-Settles
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL 62901-6504, USA
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Nielsen CK, Subbiahdoss G, Zeng G, Salmi Z, Kjems J, Mygind T, Snabe T, Meyer RL. Antibacterial isoeugenol coating on stainless steel and polyethylene surfaces prevents biofilm growth. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 124:179-187. [PMID: 29119696 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Pathogenic bacteria can spread between individuals or between food items via the surfaces they share. Limiting the survival of pathogens on surfaces, therefore, presents an opportunity to limit at least one route of how pathogens spread. In this study, we propose that a simple coating with the essential oil isoeugenol can be used to circumvent the problem of bacterial transfer via surfaces. METHODS AND RESULTS Two commonly used materials, stainless steel and polyethylene, were coated by physical adsorption, and the coatings were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and water contact angle measurements. We quantified and visualized the colonization of coated and uncoated surfaces by three bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas fluorescens. No viable cells were detected on surfaces coated with isoeugenol. CONCLUSIONS The isoeugenol coating prepared with simple adsorption proved effective in preventing biofilm formation on stainless steel and polyethylene surfaces. The result was caused by the antibacterial effect of isoeugenol, as the coating did not diminish the adhesive properties of the surface. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our study demonstrates that a simple isoeugenol coating can prevent biofilm formation of S. aureus, L. monocytogenes and P. fluorescens on two commonly used surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Nielsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - G Subbiahdoss
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - G Zeng
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Z Salmi
- Department of Engineering, Applied Surface Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T Mygind
- DuPont Nutrition Biosciences, Brabrand, Denmark
| | - T Snabe
- DuPont Nutrition Biosciences, Brabrand, Denmark
| | - R L Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Schank CJ, Cove MV, Kelly MJ, Mendoza E, O'Farrill G, Reyna-Hurtado R, Meyer N, Jordan CA, González-Maya JF, Lizcano DJ, Moreno R, Dobbins MT, Montalvo V, Sáenz-Bolaños C, Jimenez EC, Estrada N, Cruz Díaz JC, Saenz J, Spínola M, Carver A, Fort J, Nielsen CK, Botello F, Pozo Montuy G, Rivero M, de la Torre JA, Brenes-Mora E, Godínez-Gómez O, Wood MA, Gilbert J, Miller JA. Using a novel model approach to assess the distribution and conservation status of the endangered Baird's tapir. DIVERS DISTRIB 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Boyles E, Nielsen CK. PBDEs and Dechloranes in Raccoons in the Midwestern United States. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2017; 98:758-762. [PMID: 28374111 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are one of the most widespread and abundant mammals in North America. To evaluate the suitability of using raccoons as bioindicator species, we analyzed liver tissues (n = 32) collected from 2013 to 2015 for the presence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and Dechloranes. ∑PBDE concentrations ranged from 19.1 to 2125 ng/g lw (median = 98.0 ng/g lw) and did not differ between gender or age of raccoon. Dechloranes were detected in 38% of raccoons and ranged from 0.15 to 50.4 ng/g lw (median = 2.32 ng/g lw). The comparatively high PBDE concentrations, and presence of Dechloranes in the raccoons in our study suggest that biota in terrestrial habitats are still widely exposed to and susceptible to the bioaccumulation of current and emerging flame retardants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmarie Boyles
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
| | - Clayton K Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
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Zieman EA, Jiménez FA, Nielsen CK. Concurrent Examination of Bobcats and Ticks Reveals High Prevalence of Cytauxzoon felis in Southern Illinois. J Parasitol 2017; 103:343-348. [PMID: 28355128 DOI: 10.1645/16-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytauxzoon felis is an intraerythrocytic apicomplexan of felids enzootic in the southeastern United States. In domestic cats (Felis catus), this parasite can result in the highly fatal disease cytauxzoonosis or bobcat fever. Bobcats (Lynx rufus) are the wild animal reservoir host. To date, the characterization of prevalence of C. felis in bobcats is mostly based on broad-scale surveys from hunter-harvested specimens collected across large geographic areas, usually consisting of multiple states. Detailed studies on the development, transmission, distribution, effects, and prevalence of C. felis in the tick vectors are scarce. To fill some of these gaps in the literature, such as prevalence in ticks and bobcats in a discrete region, we examined bobcats and ticks in an 8,000-km2 portion of southern Illinois. We screened for C. felis using a nested polymerase chain reaction that amplifies a fragment of the nuclear small subunit (SSU) 18S rRNA. We screened 125 individual bobcats collected in southern Illinois from 2003 to 2015; of these, 70.6% were positive for C. felis. In addition, we screened 214 ticks of both vector species (Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis) and detected C. felis in 15.6% of them; this prevalence is higher than reported by previous surveys. Our study reports the prevalence of C. felis in ticks and bobcats from south Illinois. We found that 70.6% of bobcats and 15.6% of ticks were infected with C. felis, which suggests risk of transmission to domestic cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott A Zieman
- * Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1125 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, Illinois 62901-6501. Correspondence should be sent to Elliott A. Zieman at:
| | - F Agustín Jiménez
- * Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1125 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, Illinois 62901-6501. Correspondence should be sent to Elliott A. Zieman at:
| | - Clayton K Nielsen
- * Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 1125 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, Illinois 62901-6501. Correspondence should be sent to Elliott A. Zieman at:
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Koen EL, Tosa MI, Nielsen CK, Schauber EM. Does landscape connectivity shape local and global social network structure in white-tailed deer? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173570. [PMID: 28306748 PMCID: PMC5357016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific social behavior can be influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. While much research has focused on how characteristics of individuals influence their roles in social networks, we were interested in the role that landscape structure plays in animal sociality at both individual (local) and population (global) levels. We used female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Illinois, USA, to investigate the potential effect of landscape on social network structure by weighting the edges of seasonal social networks with association rate (based on proximity inferred from GPS collar data). At the local level, we found that sociality among female deer in neighboring social groups (n = 36) was mainly explained by their home range overlap, with two exceptions: 1) during fawning in an area of mixed forest and grassland, deer whose home ranges had low forest connectivity were more social than expected; and 2) during the rut in an area of intensive agriculture, deer inhabiting home ranges with high amount and connectedness of agriculture were more social than expected. At the global scale, we found that deer populations (n = 7) in areas with highly connected forest-agriculture edge, a high proportion of agriculture, and a low proportion of forest tended to have higher weighted network closeness, although low sample size precluded statistical significance. This result implies that infectious disease could spread faster in deer populations inhabiting such landscapes. Our work advances the general understanding of animal social networks, demonstrating how landscape features can underlie differences in social behavior both within and among wildlife social networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L. Koen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Marie I. Tosa
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Zoology and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Eric M. Schauber
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Zoology and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmarie Boyles
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
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Boyles E, Tan H, Wu Y, Nielsen CK, Shen L, Reiner EJ, Chen D. Halogenated flame retardants in bobcats from the midwestern United States. Environ Pollut 2017; 221:191-198. [PMID: 27989386 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In response to the restrictions of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants in various consumer products, alternative halogenated flame retardants have been subjected to increased use. Compared to aquatic ecosystems, relatively little information is available on the contamination of alternative flame retardants in terrestrial ecosystems, especially with regards to mammalian wildlife. In this study we used a top terrestrial carnivore, the bobcat (Lynx rufus), as a unique biomonitoring species for assessing flame retardant contamination in the Midwestern United States (U.S.) terrestrial ecosystems. Concentrations of ∑PBDEs (including all detectable PBDE congeners) ranged from 8.3 to 1920 ng/g lipid weight (median: 50.3 ng/g lw) in livers from 44 bobcats collected during 2013-2014 in Illinois. Among a variety of alternative flame retardants screened, Dechloranes (including anti- and syn-Dechlorane Plus and Dechlorane-602, 603, and 604), tetrabromo-o-chlorotoluene (TBCT), and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) were also frequently detected, with median concentrations of 28.7, 5.2, and 11.8 ng/g lw, respectively. Dechlorane analogue compositions in bobcats were different from what has been reported in other studies, suggesting species- or analogue-dependent bioaccumulation, biomagnification, or metabolism of Dechlorane chemicals in different food webs. Our findings, along with previously reported food web models, suggest Dechloranes may possess substantial bioaccumulation and biomagnification potencies in terrestrial mammalian food webs. Thus, attention should be given to these highly bioavailable flame retardants in future environmental biomonitoring and risk assessments in a post-PBDE era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmarie Boyles
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Hongli Tan
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States; School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Clayton K Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Li Shen
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Toronto, Ontario M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Eric J Reiner
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Toronto, Ontario M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Da Chen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States.
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Abstract
Organohalogenated compounds (OHCs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are of global concern due to their environmental persistence, bioaccumulative potential, and adverse effects on humans and wildlife. We investigated the concentrations of PCBs in the liver tissues of bobcats (Lynx rufus) sampled in Illinois during 2013. Concentrations of ∑PCBs ranged from 76.4 to 3782 ng/g lw (median 562.97 ng/g lw). Male bobcats had significantly greater concentrations of PCBs than females (p = 0.04). Ours is one of the first studies to report PCBs in a wild North American felid. We suggest that bobcats can be used as a suitable bioindicator species to monitor organohalogen contamination in terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmarie Boyles
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
| | - Clayton K Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
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Pease BS, Nielsen CK, Holzmueller EJ. Single-Camera Trap Survey Designs Miss Detections: Impacts on Estimates of Occupancy and Community Metrics. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166689. [PMID: 27902733 PMCID: PMC5130212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of camera traps as a tool for studying wildlife populations is commonplace. However, few have considered how the number of detections of wildlife differ depending upon the number of camera traps placed at cameras-sites, and how this impacts estimates of occupancy and community composition. During December 2015-February 2016, we deployed four camera traps per camera-site, separated into treatment groups of one, two, and four camera traps, in southern Illinois to compare whether estimates of wildlife community metrics and occupancy probabilities differed among survey methods. The overall number of species detected per camera-site was greatest with the four-camera survey method (P<0.0184). The four-camera survey method detected 1.25 additional species per camera-site than the one-camera survey method, and was the only survey method to completely detect the ground-dwelling silvicolous community. The four-camera survey method recorded individual species at 3.57 additional camera-sites (P = 0.003) and nearly doubled the number of camera-sites where white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were detected compared to one- and two-camera survey methods. We also compared occupancy rates estimated by survey methods; as the number of cameras deployed per camera-site increased, occupancy estimates were closer to naïve estimates, detection probabilities increased, and standard errors of detection probabilities decreased. Additionally, each survey method resulted in differing top-ranked, species-specific occupancy models when habitat covariates were included. Underestimates of occurrence and misrepresented community metrics can have significant impacts on species of conservation concern, particularly in areas where habitat manipulation is likely. Having multiple camera traps per site revealed significant shortcomings with the common one-camera trap survey method. While we realize survey design is often constrained logistically, we suggest increasing effort to at least two camera traps facing opposite directions per camera-site in habitat association studies, and to utilize camera-trap arrays when restricted by equipment availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent S. Pease
- Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, United States of America
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, United States of America
| | - Eric J. Holzmueller
- Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, United States of America
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Affiliation(s)
- Preston D. Feltrop
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, 62901
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Forestry, Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, 62901
| | - Eric M. Schauber
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, 62901
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie I. Tosa
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology; Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University; 1125 Lincoln Drive Carbondale IL USA
| | - Eric M. Schauber
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology; Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University; 1125 Lincoln Drive Carbondale IL USA
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Forestry; Southern Illinois University; 1125 Lincoln Drive Carbondale IL USA
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