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Shamon H, Maor R, Cove MV, Kays R, Adley J, Alexander PD, Allen DN, Allen ML, Appel CL, Barr E, Barthelmess EL, Baruzzi C, Bashaw K, Bastille-Rousseau G, Baugh ME, Belant J, Benson JF, Bespoyasny BA, Bird T, Bogan DA, Brandt LSE, Bresnan CE, Brooke JM, Buderman FE, Buzzell SG, Cheeseman AE, Chitwood MC, Chrysafis P, Collins MK, Collins DP, Compton JA, Conner LM, Cosby OG, Coster SS, Crawford B, Crupi AP, Darracq AK, Davis ML, DeGregorio BA, Denningmann KL, Dougherty KD, Driver A, Edelman AJ, Ellington EH, Ellis-Felege SN, Ellison CN, Fantle-Lepczyk JE, Farris ZJ, Favreau J, Fernandez P, Fisher-Reid MC, Fitzpatrick MC, Flaherty EA, Forrester TD, Fritts SR, Gallo T, Gerber BD, Giery ST, Glasscock JL, Gonatas AD, Grady AC, Green AM, Gregory T, Griffin N, Hagen RH, Hansen CP, Hansen LP, Hasstedt SC, Hernández-Yáñez H, Herrera DJ, Horan RV, Jackson VL, Johnson L, Jordan MJ, Kahano W, Kiser J, Knowles TW, Koeck MM, Koroly C, Kuhn KM, Kuprewicz EK, Lafferty DJR, LaPoint SD, Lashley M, Lathrop RG, Lee TE, Lepczyk CA, Lesmeister DB, Lombardi JV, Long RA, Lonsinger RC, MacKay P, Maher SP, Mason DS, Millspaugh JJ, Moll RJ, Moon JB, Mortelliti A, Mychajliw AM, Nagy CM, Neiswenter SA, Nelson DL, Nemes CE, Nielsen CK, Olson E, O'Mara MT, O'Neill BJ, Page BR, Parsons E, Pease BS, Pendergast ME, Proctor M, Quick H, Rega-Brodsky CC, Rentz MS, Rezendes K, Rich D, Risch DR, Romero A, Rooney BR, Rota CT, Samples CA, Schalk CM, Sekercioğlu ÇH, Sergeyev M, Smith AB, Smith DS, Sperry JH, Stenglein JL, Stokes MK, Stutzman JS, Todd KR, Vanek JP, Varga W, Wardle ZM, Webb SL, Wehr NH, Whipple LS, Whittier CA, Widness JS, Williamson J, Wilson AM, Wolf AJ, Zimova M, Zorn AS, McShea WJ. SNAPSHOT USA 2021: A third coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States. Ecology 2024:e4318. [PMID: 38693703 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
SNAPSHOT USA is a multicontributor, long-term camera trap survey designed to survey mammals across the United States. Participants are recruited through community networks and directly through a website application (https://www.snapshot-usa.org/). The growing Snapshot dataset is useful, for example, for tracking wildlife population responses to land use, land cover, and climate changes across spatial and temporal scales. Here we present the SNAPSHOT USA 2021 dataset, the third national camera trap survey across the US. Data were collected across 109 camera trap arrays and included 1711 camera sites. The total effort equaled 71,519 camera trap nights and resulted in 172,507 sequences of animal observations. Sampling effort varied among camera trap arrays, with a minimum of 126 camera trap nights, a maximum of 3355 nights, a median 546 nights, and a mean 656 ± 431 nights. This third dataset comprises 51 camera trap arrays that were surveyed during 2019, 2020, and 2021, along with 71 camera trap arrays that were surveyed in 2020 and 2021. All raw data and accompanying metadata are stored on Wildlife Insights (https://www.wildlifeinsights.org/), and are publicly available upon acceptance of the data papers. SNAPSHOT USA aims to sample multiple ecoregions in the United States with adequate representation of each ecoregion according to its relative size. Currently, the relative density of camera trap arrays varies by an order of magnitude for the various ecoregions (0.22-5.9 arrays per 100,000 km2), emphasizing the need to increase sampling effort by further recruiting and retaining contributors. There are no copyright restrictions on these data. We request that authors cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Shamon
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | - Roi Maor
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
- Institute of Zoology, The Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Michael V Cove
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Roland Kays
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jessie Adley
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - David N Allen
- Department of Biology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont, USA
| | - Maximilian L Allen
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Cara L Appel
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Evan Barr
- Department of Biology, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, USA
| | - Erika L Barthelmess
- Biology Department and Nature Up North Program, St. Lawrence University, Canton, New York, USA
| | - Carolina Baruzzi
- Department of Wildlife Ecology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kelli Bashaw
- Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Paducah, Texas, USA
| | - Guillaume Bastille-Rousseau
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Madison E Baugh
- Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jerrold Belant
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - John F Benson
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Bethany A Bespoyasny
- Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Tori Bird
- Hogle Zoo, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Daniel A Bogan
- Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Siena College, Loudonville, New York, USA
| | - LaRoy S E Brandt
- Department of Biology, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee, USA
- Cumberland Mountain Research Center, Harrogate, Tennessee, USA
| | - Claire E Bresnan
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Jarred M Brooke
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Frances E Buderman
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suzannah G Buzzell
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Amanda E Cheeseman
- Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - M Colter Chitwood
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Merri K Collins
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - D Parks Collins
- Department of Biology, Mitchell Community College, Statesville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Justin A Compton
- Biology and Chemistry Department, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Olivia G Cosby
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Crawford
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Anthony P Crupi
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Douglas, Alaska, USA
| | - Andrea K Darracq
- Department of Biology, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, USA
- Watershed Studies Institute, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, USA
| | - Miranda L Davis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brett A DeGregorio
- US Geological Survey Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Kyle D Dougherty
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ace Driver
- Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Andrew J Edelman
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, Georgia, USA
| | - E Hance Ellington
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Jean E Fantle-Lepczyk
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Zach J Farris
- Department of Public Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Pilar Fernandez
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - M Caitlin Fisher-Reid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew C Fitzpatrick
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Flaherty
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Tavis D Forrester
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Sarah R Fritts
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Travis Gallo
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Brian D Gerber
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sean T Giery
- Eberly College of Science, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Alex D Gonatas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna C Grady
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Austin M Green
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tremaine Gregory
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | - Noel Griffin
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert H Hagen
- Environmental Studies Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Christopher P Hansen
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Lonnie P Hansen
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Steven C Hasstedt
- Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy, Air Force Academy, Colorado, USA
| | - Haydée Hernández-Yáñez
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | - Daniel J Herrera
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Robert V Horan
- Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division, Brunswick, Georgia, USA
| | - Victoria L Jackson
- Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Mark J Jordan
- Department of Biology, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Willaine Kahano
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Joseph Kiser
- Department of Biology, Mitchell Community College, Statesville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Travis W Knowles
- Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina, USA
| | - Molly M Koeck
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Caroline Koroly
- Department of Biology, Mitchell Community College, Statesville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kellie M Kuhn
- Department of Biology, United States Air Force Academy, Air Force Academy, Colorado, USA
| | - Erin K Kuprewicz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- Connecticut State Museum of Natural History, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Diana J R Lafferty
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marqeutte, Michigan, USA
| | - Scott D LaPoint
- Black Rock Forest, Cornwall, New York, USA
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, New York, USA
| | - Marcus Lashley
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Richard G Lathrop
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Thomas E Lee
- Department of Biology, Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher A Lepczyk
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Damon B Lesmeister
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jason V Lombardi
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas, USA
| | | | - Robert C Lonsinger
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- US Geological Survey, Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Sean P Maher
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, USA
| | - David S Mason
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joshua J Millspaugh
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Remington J Moll
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jessica B Moon
- Department of Biology, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, USA
- Watershed Studies Institute, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, USA
| | - Alessio Mortelliti
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alexis M Mychajliw
- Department of Biology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont, USA
- Environmental Studies Program, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont, USA
| | | | - Sean A Neiswenter
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Dana L Nelson
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Claire E Nemes
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Clayton K Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
- Forestry Program, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | | | - M Teague O'Mara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana, USA
| | - Brian J O'Neill
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Blake R Page
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Parsons
- The Jones Center at Ichauway, Newton, Georgia, USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Brent S Pease
- Forestry Program, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Mike Proctor
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, Ardmore, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Heather Quick
- Department of Biology, Mitchell Community College, Statesville, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Michael S Rentz
- Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kylie Rezendes
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Daric Rich
- Scenic Hudson, Poughkeepsie, New York, USA
| | - Derek R Risch
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Andrea Romero
- Department of Biological Sciences; Department of Geography, Geology, and Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Christopher T Rota
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | | | | | - Çağan H Sekercioğlu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- College of Sciences, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Maksim Sergeyev
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Austin B Smith
- Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | | | - Jinelle H Sperry
- U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Jennifer L Stenglein
- Office of Applied Science, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael K Stokes
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
| | - Johnathon S Stutzman
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | - Kimberly R Todd
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
| | - John P Vanek
- Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York, USA
- SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Wren Varga
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Zachary M Wardle
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Natural Resources Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen L Webb
- Natural Resources Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Rangeland, Wildlife and Fisheries Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Nathaniel H Wehr
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Laura S Whipple
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marqeutte, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher A Whittier
- Tufts Center for Conservation Medicine, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jane S Widness
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Andrew M Wilson
- Environmental Studies, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Marketa Zimova
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adam S Zorn
- Huston-Brumbaugh Nature Center, University of Mount Union, Alliance, Ohio, USA
| | - William J McShea
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
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Kays R, Cove MV, Diaz J, Todd K, Bresnan C, Snider M, Lee TE, Jasper JG, Douglas B, Crupi AP, Weiss KCB, Rowe H, Sprague T, Schipper J, Lepczyk CA, Fantle‐Lepczyk JE, Davenport J, Zimova M, Farris Z, Williamson J, Fisher‐Reid MC, Rezendes D, King SM, Chrysafis P, Jensen AJ, Jachowski DS, King KC, Herrera DJ, Moore S, van der Merwe M, Lombardi JV, Sergeyev M, Tewes ME, Horan RV, Rentz MS, Driver A, Brandt LRSE, Nagy C, Alexander P, Maher SP, Darracq AK, Barr EG, Hess G, Webb SL, Proctor MD, Vanek JP, Lafferty DJR, Hubbard T, Jiménez JE, McCain C, Favreau J, Fogarty J, Hill J, Hammerich S, Gray M, Rega‐Brodsky CC, Durbin C, Flaherty EA, Brooke J, Coster SS, Lathrop RG, Russell K, Bogan DA, Shamon H, Rooney B, Rockhill A, Lonsinger RC, O'Mara MT, Compton JA, Barthelmess EL, Andy KE, Belant JL, Petroelje T, Wehr NH, Beyer DE, Scognamillo DG, Schalk C, Day K, Ellison CN, Ruthven C, Nunley B, Fritts S, Whittier CA, Neiswenter SA, Pelletier R, DeGregorio BA, Kuprewicz EK, Davis ML, Baruzzi C, Lashley MA, McDonald B, Mason D, Risch DR, Allen ML, Whipple LS, Sperry JH, Alexander E, Wolff PJ, Hagen RH, Mortelliti A, Bolinjcar A, Wilson AM, Van Norman S, Powell C, Coletto H, Schauss M, Bontrager H, Beasley J, Ellis‐Felege SN, Wehr SR, Giery ST, Pekins CE, LaRose SH, Revord RS, Hansen CP, Hansen L, Millspaugh JJ, Zorn A, Gerber BD, Rezendes K, Adley J, Sevin J, Green AM, Şekercioğlu ÇH, Pendergast ME, Mullen K, Bird T, Edelman AJ, Romero A, O'Neill BJ, Schmitz N, Vandermus RA, Alston JM, Kuhn KM, Hasstedt SC, Lesmeister DB, Appel CL, Rota C, Stenglein JL, Anhalt‐Depies C, Nelson CL, Long RA, Remine KR, Jordan MJ, Elbroch LM, Bergman D, Cendejas‐Zarelli S, Sager‐Fradkin K, Conner M, Morris G, Parsons E, Hernández‐Yáñez H, McShea WJ. SNAPSHOT USA 2020: A second coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ecology 2022; 103:e3775. [PMID: 35661139 PMCID: PMC9347782 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Managing wildlife populations in the face of global change requires regular data on the abundance and distribution of wild animals, but acquiring these over appropriate spatial scales in a sustainable way has proven challenging. Here we present the data from Snapshot USA 2020, a second annual national mammal survey of the USA. This project involved 152 scientists setting camera traps in a standardized protocol at 1485 locations across 103 arrays in 43 states for a total of 52,710 trap-nights of survey effort. Most (58) of these arrays were also sampled during the same months (September and October) in 2019, providing a direct comparison of animal populations in 2 years that includes data from both during and before the COVID-19 pandemic. All data were managed by the eMammal system, with all species identifications checked by at least two reviewers. In total, we recorded 117,415 detections of 78 species of wild mammals, 9236 detections of at least 43 species of birds, 15,851 detections of six domestic animals and 23,825 detections of humans or their vehicles. Spatial differences across arrays explained more variation in the relative abundance than temporal variation across years for all 38 species modeled, although there are examples of significant site-level differences among years for many species. Temporal results show how species allocate their time and can be used to study species interactions, including between humans and wildlife. These data provide a snapshot of the mammal community of the USA for 2020 and will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, and the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. There are no copyright restrictions, and please cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Kays
- Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA,North Carolina Museum of Natural SciencesRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Michael V. Cove
- North Carolina Museum of Natural SciencesRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jose Diaz
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | - Kimberly Todd
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | - Claire Bresnan
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | - Matt Snider
- Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Thomas E. Lee
- Department of BiologyAbilene Christian UniversityAbileneTexasUSA
| | | | - Brianna Douglas
- Department of BiologyAbilene Christian UniversityAbileneTexasUSA
| | - Anthony P. Crupi
- Alaska Department of Fish and GameDivision of Wildlife ConservationDouglasAlaskaUSA
| | - Katherine C. B. Weiss
- Arizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA,Field Conservation Research DepartmentArizona Center for Nature Conservation/Phoenix ZooPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Helen Rowe
- McDowell Sonoran ConservancyScottsdaleArizonaUSA
| | | | - Jan Schipper
- Field Conservation Research DepartmentArizona Center for Nature Conservation/Phoenix ZooPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | | | | | - Jon Davenport
- Department of BiologyAppalachian State UniversityBooneNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Marketa Zimova
- Department of BiologyAppalachian State UniversityBooneNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Zach Farris
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceAppalachian State UniversityBooneNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jacque Williamson
- Department of Education & ConservationBrandywine Zoo‐Delaware State ParksWilmingtonDelawareUSA
| | - M. Caitlin Fisher‐Reid
- Department of Biological SciencesBridgewater State UniversityBridgewaterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Drew Rezendes
- Department of Biological SciencesBridgewater State UniversityBridgewaterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sean M. King
- Department of Biological SciencesBridgewater State UniversityBridgewaterMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Alex J. Jensen
- Department of Forestry and Environmental ConservationClemson UniversityClemsonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - David S. Jachowski
- Department of Forestry and Environmental ConservationClemson UniversityClemsonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Daniel J. Herrera
- DC Cat Count at the Humane Rescue AllianceWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Sophie Moore
- DC Cat Count at the Humane Rescue AllianceWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | | | - Jason V. Lombardi
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research InstituteTexas A&M University‐KingsvilleKingsvilleTexasUSA
| | - Maksim Sergeyev
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research InstituteTexas A&M University‐KingsvilleKingsvilleTexasUSA
| | - Michael E. Tewes
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research InstituteTexas A&M University‐KingsvilleKingsvilleTexasUSA
| | - Robert V. Horan
- Georgia Department of Natural ResourcesWildlife Resources DivisionBrunswickGeorgiaUSA
| | - Michael S. Rentz
- Natural Resource Ecology and ManagementIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Ace Driver
- Natural Resource Ecology and ManagementIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - La Roy S. E. Brandt
- Cumberland Mountain Research CenterLincoln Memorial UniversityHarrogateTennesseeUSA
| | | | | | - Sean P. Maher
- Department of BiologyMissouri State UniversitySpringfieldMissouriUSA
| | | | - Evan G. Barr
- Department of BiologyMurray State UniversityMurrayKentuckyUSA
| | - George Hess
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | | | | | - John P. Vanek
- Department of Biological SciencesNorthern Illinois UniversityDeKalbIllinoisUSA
| | - Diana J. R. Lafferty
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of BiologyNorthern Michigan UniversityMarqeutteMichiganUSA
| | - Tru Hubbard
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of BiologyNorthern Michigan UniversityMarqeutteMichiganUSA
| | - Jaime E. Jiménez
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research InstituteUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
| | - Craig McCain
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research InstituteUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
| | | | | | - Jacob Hill
- Department BiologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Morgan Gray
- Pepperwood FoundationSanta RosaCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Caleb Durbin
- Biology DepartmentPittsburg State UniversityPittsburgKansasUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. Flaherty
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Jarred Brooke
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | | | - Richard G. Lathrop
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural ResourcesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Katarina Russell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural ResourcesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Daniel A. Bogan
- Department of Environmental Studies and SciencesSiena CollegeLoudonvilleNew YorkUSA
| | - Hila Shamon
- Silvio O Conte National Fish and Wildlife RefugeBrunswickVermontUSA
| | | | - Aimee Rockhill
- Department of Geosciences and Natural ResourcesWestern Carolina UniversityCullowheeNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Robert C. Lonsinger
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOklahomaUSA
| | - M. Teague O'Mara
- Department of Biological SciencesSoutheastern Louisiana UniversityHammondLouisianaUSA
| | - Justin A. Compton
- Biology and Chemistry DepartmentSpringfield CollegeSpringfieldMassachusettsUSA
| | - Erika L. Barthelmess
- Biology Department and Nature Up North ProgramSt. Lawrence UniversityCantonNew YorkUSA
| | - Katherine E. Andy
- Biology Department and Nature Up North ProgramSt. Lawrence UniversityCantonNew YorkUSA
| | - Jerrold L. Belant
- Global Wildlife Conservation CenterState University of New York College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Tyler Petroelje
- Global Wildlife Conservation CenterState University of New York College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Nathaniel H. Wehr
- Global Wildlife Conservation CenterState University of New York College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Dean E. Beyer
- Wildlife DivisionMichigan Department of Natural ResourcesLansingMichiganUSA
| | - Daniel G. Scognamillo
- Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture – Stephen F. Austin State UniversityNacogdochesTexasUSA
| | - Chris Schalk
- Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture – Stephen F. Austin State UniversityNacogdochesTexasUSA
| | - Kara Day
- Georgia Department of Natural ResourcesSocial CircleGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Chip Ruthven
- Texas Parks and Wildlife DepartmentPaducahTexasUSA
| | | | - Sarah Fritts
- Department of BiologyTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTexasUSA
| | - Christopher A. Whittier
- Tufts Center for Conservation MedicineCummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts UniversityNorth GraftonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sean A. Neiswenter
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Robert Pelletier
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Brett A. DeGregorio
- U.S. Geological Survey Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research UnitUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansasUSA
| | - Erin K. Kuprewicz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticutUSA
| | - Miranda L. Davis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticutUSA
| | - Carolina Baruzzi
- School of Forest, Fisheries, & Geomatics SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Marcus A. Lashley
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Brandon McDonald
- Crocodile Lake National Wildlife RefugeKey LargoFloridaUSA,Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - David Mason
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Derek R. Risch
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental ManagementUniversity of Hawaii at MānoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Maximilian L. Allen
- Illinois Natural History SurveyUniversity of IllinoisChampaignIllinoisUSA,Department of Natural Resources and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Laura S. Whipple
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Jinelle H. Sperry
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA,Engineer Research and Development CenterChampaignIllinoisUSA
| | - Emmarie Alexander
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Robert H. Hagen
- Environmental Studies ProgramUniversity of KansasLawrenceKansasUSA
| | - Alessio Mortelliti
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MaineOronoMaineUSA
| | - Amay Bolinjcar
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MaineOronoMaineUSA
| | - Andrew M. Wilson
- Environmental StudiesGettysburg CollegeGettysburgPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Cailey Powell
- Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Tribe of IndiansRoseburgOregonUSA
| | - Henry Coletto
- Friends of Cañada de los Osos Ecological ReserveGilroyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Martha Schauss
- Friends of Cañada de los Osos Ecological ReserveGilroyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Helen Bontrager
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, D. B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAikenSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - James Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, D. B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAikenSouth CarolinaUSA
| | | | | | - Sean T. Giery
- Eberly College of Science, Department of BiologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Charles E. Pekins
- Fort Hood Natural Resources Management BranchUSA Army GarrisonFort HoodTexasUSA
| | - Summer H. LaRose
- Center for AgroforestryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Ronald S. Revord
- Center for AgroforestryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Christopher P. Hansen
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA
| | - Lonnie Hansen
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA
| | - Joshua J. Millspaugh
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA
| | - Adam Zorn
- Huston‐Brumbaugh Nature CenterUniversity of Mount UnionAllianceOhioUSA
| | - Brian D. Gerber
- Department of Natural Resources ScienceUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode IslandUSA
| | - Kylie Rezendes
- Department of Natural Resources ScienceUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode IslandUSA
| | - Jessie Adley
- Department of Natural Resources ScienceUniversity of Rhode IslandKingstonRhode IslandUSA
| | - Jennifer Sevin
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RichmondRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Austin M. Green
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Çağan H. Şekercioğlu
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA,College of SciencesKoç UniversityRumelifeneriİstanbulTurkey
| | | | | | - Tori Bird
- Utah's Hogle ZooSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | | | - Andrea Romero
- Department of Biological Sciences; Department of Geography, Geology, and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Wisconsin‐WhitewaterWhitewaterWisconsinUSA
| | - Brian J. O'Neill
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐WhitewaterWhitewaterWisconsinUSA
| | - Noel Schmitz
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐WhitewaterWhitewaterWisconsinUSA
| | - Rebecca A. Vandermus
- Department of Biological Sciences; Department of Geography, Geology, and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Wisconsin‐WhitewaterWhitewaterWisconsinUSA
| | - Jesse M. Alston
- Program in Ecology, Department of Zoology and PhysiologyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - Kellie M. Kuhn
- Department of BiologyUS Air Force Academy, USAFAColorado SpringsColoradoUSA
| | - Steven C. Hasstedt
- Department of BiologyUS Air Force Academy, USAFAColorado SpringsColoradoUSA
| | | | - Cara L. Appel
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Christopher Rota
- Division of Forestry and Natural ResourcesWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Jennifer L. Stenglein
- Office of Applied ScienceWisconsin Department of Natural ResourcesMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | | | - Carrie L. Nelson
- U.S. Forest Service, Chequamegon‐Nicolet National ForestGreat Divide Ranger DistrictHaywardWisconsinUSA
| | | | | | - Mark J. Jordan
- Department of BiologySeattle UniversitySeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Mike Conner
- The Jones Center at IchauwayNewtonGeorgiaUSA
| | - Gail Morris
- The Jones Center at IchauwayNewtonGeorgiaUSA
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Lewis MA, Ferrall EA, Johnson JS, Morris KM, Sharp NW, Stober JM, Torrey KE, Edelman AJ. Extralimital Occurrences of Southeastern Myotis in Alabama and Georgia. SOUTHEAST NAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1656/058.021.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattea A. Lewis
- Biology Program, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA 30118
| | - Emily A. Ferrall
- Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division, Social Circle, GA 30025
| | - Joseph S. Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701
| | - Katrina M. Morris
- Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division, Social Circle, GA 30025
| | - Nicholas W. Sharp
- Alabama Nongame Wildlife Program, Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries, Tanner, AL 35671
| | - Jonathan M. Stober
- Shoal Creek Ranger District, Talladega National Forest, US Forest Service, Heflin, AL 36264
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Butler AR, Edelman AJ, Eng RY, Harris SN, Olfenbuttel C, Thorne ED, Ford WM, Jachowski DS. Demography of the Appalachian Spotted Skunk (Spilogale putorius putorius). SOUTHEAST NAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1656/058.020.0sp1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Butler
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - Andrew J. Edelman
- Department of Biology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA 30118
| | - Robin Y.Y. Eng
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - Stephen N. Harris
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - Colleen Olfenbuttel
- Wildlife Management Division, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Pittsboro, NC 27312
| | - Emily D. Thorne
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - W. Mark Ford
- US Geological Survey, Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - David S. Jachowski
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
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Arts KJ, Sprayberry TR, Cornelison WC, Edelman AJ. Observations of Eastern Spotted Skunk Reproduction, Mortality, and Behavioral Interactions in Alabama. SOUTHEAST NAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1656/058.020.0sp1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jachowski DS, Edelman AJ. Advancing Small Carnivore Research and Conservation: The Eastern Spotted Skunk Cooperative Study Group Model. SOUTHEAST NAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1656/058.020.0sp1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cove MV, Kays R, Bontrager H, Bresnan C, Lasky M, Frerichs T, Klann R, Lee TE, Crockett SC, Crupi AP, Weiss KCB, Rowe H, Sprague T, Schipper J, Tellez C, Lepczyk CA, Fantle-Lepczyk JE, LaPoint S, Williamson J, Fisher-Reid MC, King SM, Bebko AJ, Chrysafis P, Jensen AJ, Jachowski DS, Sands J, MacCombie KA, Herrera DJ, van der Merwe M, Knowles TW, Horan RV, Rentz MS, Brandt LSE, Nagy C, Barton BT, Thompson WC, Maher SP, Darracq AK, Hess G, Parsons AW, Wells B, Roemer GW, Hernandez CJ, Gompper ME, Webb SL, Vanek JP, Lafferty DJR, Bergquist AM, Hubbard T, Forrester T, Clark D, Cincotta C, Favreau J, Facka AN, Halbur M, Hammerich S, Gray M, Rega-Brodsky CC, Durbin C, Flaherty EA, Brooke JM, Coster SS, Lathrop RG, Russell K, Bogan DA, Cliché R, Shamon H, Hawkins MTR, Marks SB, Lonsinger RC, O'Mara MT, Compton JA, Fowler M, Barthelmess EL, Andy KE, Belant JL, Beyer DE, Kautz TM, Scognamillo DG, Schalk CM, Leslie MS, Nasrallah SL, Ellison CN, Ruthven C, Fritts S, Tleimat J, Gay M, Whittier CA, Neiswenter SA, Pelletier R, DeGregorio BA, Kuprewicz EK, Davis ML, Dykstra A, Mason DS, Baruzzi C, Lashley MA, Risch DR, Price MR, Allen ML, Whipple LS, Sperry JH, Hagen RH, Mortelliti A, Evans BE, Studds CE, Sirén APK, Kilborn J, Sutherland C, Warren P, Fuller T, Harris NC, Carter NH, Trout E, Zimova M, Giery ST, Iannarilli F, Higdon SD, Revord RS, Hansen CP, Millspaugh JJ, Zorn A, Benson JF, Wehr NH, Solberg JN, Gerber BD, Burr JC, Sevin J, Green AM, Şekercioğlu ÇH, Pendergast M, Barnick KA, Edelman AJ, Wasdin JR, Romero A, O'Neill BJ, Schmitz N, Alston JM, Kuhn KM, Lesmeister DB, Linnell MA, Appel CL, Rota C, Stenglein JL, Anhalt-Depies C, Nelson C, Long RA, Jo Jaspers K, Remine KR, Jordan MJ, Davis D, Hernández-Yáñez H, Zhao JY, McShea WJ. SNAPSHOT USA 2019: a coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States. Ecology 2021; 102:e03353. [PMID: 33793977 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
With the accelerating pace of global change, it is imperative that we obtain rapid inventories of the status and distribution of wildlife for ecological inferences and conservation planning. To address this challenge, we launched the SNAPSHOT USA project, a collaborative survey of terrestrial wildlife populations using camera traps across the United States. For our first annual survey, we compiled data across all 50 states during a 14-week period (17 August-24 November of 2019). We sampled wildlife at 1,509 camera trap sites from 110 camera trap arrays covering 12 different ecoregions across four development zones. This effort resulted in 166,036 unique detections of 83 species of mammals and 17 species of birds. All images were processed through the Smithsonian's eMammal camera trap data repository and included an expert review phase to ensure taxonomic accuracy of data, resulting in each picture being reviewed at least twice. The results represent a timely and standardized camera trap survey of the United States. All of the 2019 survey data are made available herein. We are currently repeating surveys in fall 2020, opening up the opportunity to other institutions and cooperators to expand coverage of all the urban-wild gradients and ecophysiographic regions of the country. Future data will be available as the database is updated at eMammal.si.edu/snapshot-usa, as will future data paper submissions. These data will be useful for local and macroecological research including the examination of community assembly, effects of environmental and anthropogenic landscape variables, effects of fragmentation and extinction debt dynamics, as well as species-specific population dynamics and conservation action plans. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this paper when using the data for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Cove
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - Roland Kays
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27601, USA
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - Helen Bontrager
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - Claire Bresnan
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - Monica Lasky
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - Taylor Frerichs
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - Renee Klann
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - Thomas E Lee
- Department of Biology, Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas, 79601, USA
| | - Seth C Crockett
- Department of Biology, Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas, 79601, USA
| | - Anthony P Crupi
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Douglas, Alaska, 99824, USA
| | - Katherine C B Weiss
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85281, USA
- Field Conservation Research Department, Arizona Center for Nature Conservation/Phoenix Zoo, 455 N Galvin Pkwy, Phoenix, Arizona, 85008, USA
| | - Helen Rowe
- McDowell Sonoran Conservancy, 7729 East Greenway Road, Suite 100, Scottsdale, Arizona, 85260, USA
| | - Tiffany Sprague
- McDowell Sonoran Conservancy, 7729 East Greenway Road, Suite 100, Scottsdale, Arizona, 85260, USA
| | - Jan Schipper
- Field Conservation Research Department, Arizona Center for Nature Conservation/Phoenix Zoo, 455 N Galvin Pkwy, Phoenix, Arizona, 85008, USA
| | - Chelsey Tellez
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85281, USA
- Field Conservation Research Department, Arizona Center for Nature Conservation/Phoenix Zoo, 455 N Galvin Pkwy, Phoenix, Arizona, 85008, USA
| | - Christopher A Lepczyk
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Jean E Fantle-Lepczyk
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Scott LaPoint
- Black Rock Forest, 65 Reservoir Road, Cornwall, New York, 12518, USA
| | - Jacque Williamson
- Department of Education & Conservation, Brandywine Zoo-Delaware State Parks, Wilmington, Delaware, 19802, USA
| | - M Caitlin Fisher-Reid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, 02325, USA
| | - Sean M King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, 02325, USA
| | - Alexandra J Bebko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, 02325, USA
| | | | - Alex J Jensen
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29631, USA
| | - David S Jachowski
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29631, USA
| | - Joshua Sands
- Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Key Largo, Florida, 33037, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Herrera
- DC Cat Count at the Humane Rescue Alliance, Washington, D.C., 20011, USA
| | - Marius van der Merwe
- Biological Sciences Department, Dixie State University, St. George, Utah, 84770, USA
| | - Travis W Knowles
- Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina, 29502, USA
| | - Robert V Horan
- Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division, Brunswick, Georgia, 31520, USA
| | - Michael S Rentz
- Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - LaRoy S E Brandt
- Cumberland Mountain Research Center, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee, 37752, USA
| | | | - Brandon T Barton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762, USA
| | - Weston C Thompson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762, USA
| | - Sean P Maher
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, 65897, USA
| | - Andrea K Darracq
- Department of Biology, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, 42071, USA
| | - George Hess
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - Arielle W Parsons
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - Brenna Wells
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA
| | - Gary W Roemer
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA
| | - Cristian J Hernandez
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA
| | - Matthew E Gompper
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA
| | - Stephen L Webb
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma, 73401, USA
| | - John P Vanek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, 60115, USA
| | - Diana J R Lafferty
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marqeutte, Michigan, 49855, USA
| | - Amelia M Bergquist
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marqeutte, Michigan, 49855, USA
| | - Tru Hubbard
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marqeutte, Michigan, 49855, USA
| | - Tavis Forrester
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, La Grande, Oregon, 97850, USA
| | - Darren Clark
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, La Grande, Oregon, 97850, USA
| | | | - Jorie Favreau
- Paul Smith's College, Paul Smiths, New York, 12970, USA
| | - Aaron N Facka
- Pennsylvania Game Commission, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 17110, USA
| | - Michelle Halbur
- Pepperwood Foundation, 2130 Pepperwood Preserve Rd, Santa Rosa, California, 95404, USA
| | - Steven Hammerich
- Pepperwood Foundation, 2130 Pepperwood Preserve Rd, Santa Rosa, California, 95404, USA
| | - Morgan Gray
- Pepperwood Foundation, 2130 Pepperwood Preserve Rd, Santa Rosa, California, 95404, USA
| | | | - Caleb Durbin
- Biology Department, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S Broadway, Pittsburg, Kansas, 66762, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Flaherty
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Jarred M Brooke
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Stephanie S Coster
- Biology Department, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, Virginia, 23005, USA
| | - Richard G Lathrop
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - Katarina Russell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - Daniel A Bogan
- Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Siena College, 515 Loudon Rd, Loudonville, New York, 12211, USA
| | - Rachel Cliché
- Silvio O Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge, Brunswick, Vermont, 05905, USA
| | - Hila Shamon
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - Melissa T R Hawkins
- Division of Mammals, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20560, USA
- Department of Biology, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, California, 95521, USA
| | - Sharyn B Marks
- Department of Biology, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, California, 95521, USA
| | - Robert C Lonsinger
- Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, 1390 College Avenue, Brookings, South Dakota, 57007, USA
| | - M Teague O'Mara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, 808 N Pine St., Hammond, Louisiana, 70402, USA
| | - Justin A Compton
- Biology and Chemistry Department, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, 01109, USA
| | - Melinda Fowler
- Biology and Chemistry Department, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, 01109, USA
| | - Erika L Barthelmess
- Biology Department and Nature Up North Program, St. Lawrence University, Canton, New York, 13617, USA
| | - Katherine E Andy
- Biology Department and Nature Up North Program, St. Lawrence University, Canton, New York, 13617, USA
| | - Jerrold L Belant
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Dean E Beyer
- Wildlife Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, Michigan, 48909, USA
| | - Todd M Kautz
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Daniel G Scognamillo
- Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture - Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas, 75962, USA
| | - Christopher M Schalk
- Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture - Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas, 75962, USA
| | - Matthew S Leslie
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, 500 College Ave., Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 19081, USA
| | - Sophie L Nasrallah
- Biology Department, Swarthmore College, 500 College Ave., Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 19081, USA
| | | | - Chip Ruthven
- Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Paducah, Texas, 79248, USA
| | - Sarah Fritts
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, 78666, USA
| | - Jaquelyn Tleimat
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, 78666, USA
| | - Mandy Gay
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, 78666, USA
| | - Christopher A Whittier
- Tufts Center for Conservation Medicine, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, 01536, USA
| | - Sean A Neiswenter
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, MS4004, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89154, USA
| | - Robert Pelletier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, MS4004, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89154, USA
| | - Brett A DeGregorio
- U.S. Geological Survey Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA
| | - Erin K Kuprewicz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA
| | - Miranda L Davis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA
| | - Adrienne Dykstra
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - David S Mason
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Carolina Baruzzi
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Marcus A Lashley
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Derek R Risch
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA
| | - Melissa R Price
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA
| | - Maximilian L Allen
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, 1816 S. Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, 61801, USA
| | - Laura S Whipple
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, 61801, USA
| | - Jinelle H Sperry
- Engineer Research and Development Center, 2902 Newmark Dr., Champaign, Illinois, 61826, USA
| | - Robert H Hagen
- Environmental Studies Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
| | - Alessio Mortelliti
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Bryn E Evans
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Colin E Studds
- Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, 21250, USA
| | - Alexej P K Sirén
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Jillian Kilborn
- New Hampshire Fish & Game Department, Concord, New Hampshire, 03301, USA
| | - Chris Sutherland
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Paige Warren
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Todd Fuller
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Nyeema C Harris
- Applied Wildlife Ecology Lab, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Neil H Carter
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Edward Trout
- Human-Environment Systems, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, 83725, USA
| | - Marketa Zimova
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Sean T Giery
- Eberly College of Science, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Fabiola Iannarilli
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Summer D Higdon
- Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, 302 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Ronald S Revord
- Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, 302 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Christopher P Hansen
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
| | - Joshua J Millspaugh
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA
| | - Adam Zorn
- Huston-Brumbaugh Nature Center, University of Mount Union, Alliance, Ohio, 44601, USA
| | - John F Benson
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68583, USA
| | - Nathaniel H Wehr
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68583, USA
| | - Jaylin N Solberg
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, 10 Cornell Street, Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA
| | - Brian D Gerber
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA
| | - Jessica C Burr
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA
| | - Jennifer Sevin
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, 23173, USA
| | - Austin M Green
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - Çağan H Şekercioğlu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
- College of Sciences, Koç University, Rumelifeneri, İstanbul, Sarıyer, Turkey
| | | | - Kelsey A Barnick
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - Andrew J Edelman
- Department of Biology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, Georgia, 30118, USA
| | - Joanne R Wasdin
- Department of Biology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, Georgia, 30118, USA
| | - Andrea Romero
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Geography, Geology, and Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, 53190, USA
| | - Brian J O'Neill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Geography, Geology, and Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, 53190, USA
| | - Noel Schmitz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Geography, Geology, and Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, 53190, USA
| | - Jesse M Alston
- Program in Ecology, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, 82071, USA
| | - Kellie M Kuhn
- Deparment of Biology, US Air Force Academy, USAFA, Colorado, 80840, USA
| | - Damon B Lesmeister
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon, 97204, USA
| | - Mark A Linnell
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon, 97204, USA
| | - Cara L Appel
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Christopher Rota
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA
| | - Jennifer L Stenglein
- Office of Applied Science, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin, 53707, USA
| | - Christine Anhalt-Depies
- Office of Applied Science, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin, 53707, USA
| | - Carrie Nelson
- U.S. Forest Service, Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Great Divide Ranger District, Glidden, Wisconsin, 54527, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mark J Jordan
- Department of Biology, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington, 98122, USA
| | - Daniel Davis
- Office of the Chief Information Officer, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20024, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Y Zhao
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - William J McShea
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
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Johnson JS, Sharp NW, Monarchino MN, Lilley TM, Edelman AJ. No Sign of Infection in Free-Ranging Myotis austroriparius Hibernating in the Presence of Pseudogymnoascus destructans in Alabama. SOUTHEAST NAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1656/058.020.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S. Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701
| | - Nicholas W. Sharp
- Alabama Non-game Wildlife Program, Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries, Tanner, AL 35671
| | | | - Thomas M. Lilley
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew J. Edelman
- Department of Biology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA 30118
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Affiliation(s)
- J.T. Pynne
- D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Jonathan M. Stober
- Shoal Creek Ranger District, Talladega National Forest, United States Forest Service, Heflin, AL 36264
| | - Andrew J. Edelman
- Department of Biology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA 30118
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Affiliation(s)
- Isik W. Benson
- Department of Biology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA 30118
| | | | | | - Andrew J. Edelman
- Department of Biology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA 30118
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J Edelman
- Department of Biology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA, USA
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Edelman AJ, Edelman JL. An Inquiry-Based Approach to Engaging Undergraduate Students in On-Campus Conservation Research Using Camera Traps. SOUTHEAST NAT 2017. [DOI: 10.1656/058.016.0sp1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Edelman
- Department of Biology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA 30118
| | - Jennifer L. Edelman
- Department of Early Childhood through Secondary Education, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA 30118
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Abstract
Facilitation, when one species enhances the environment or performance of another species, can be highly localized in space. While facilitation in plant communities has been intensely studied, the role of facilitation in shaping animal communities is less well understood. In the Chihuahuan Desert, both kangaroo rats and harvester ants depend on the abundant seeds of annual plants. Kangaroo rats, however, are hypothesized to facilitate harvester ants through soil disturbance and selective seed predation rather than competing with them. I used a spatially explicit approach to examine whether a positive or negative interaction exists between banner-tailed kangaroo rat (Dipodomys spectabilis) mounds and rough harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex rugosus) colonies. The presence of a scale-dependent interaction between mounds and colonies was tested by comparing fitted spatial point process models with and without interspecific effects. Also, the effect of proximity to a mound on colony mortality and spatial patterns of surviving colonies was examined. The spatial pattern of kangaroo rat mounds and harvester ant colonies was consistent with a positive interspecific interaction at small scales (<10 m). Mortality risk of vulnerable, recently founded harvester ant colonies was lower when located close to a kangaroo rat mound and proximity to a mound partly predicted the spatial pattern of surviving colonies. My findings support localized facilitation of harvester ants by kangaroo rats, likely mediated through ecosystem engineering and foraging effects on plant cover and composition. The scale-dependent effect of kangaroo rats on abiotic and biotic factors appears to result in greater founding and survivorship of young colonies near mounds. These results suggest that soil disturbance and foraging by rodents can have subtle impacts on the distribution and demography of other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Edelman
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America.
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Edelman AJ. A practical guide to merging behavior and conservation. Trends Ecol Evol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
We compared home ranges of introduced Abert's squirrels (Sciurus aberti Woodhouse, 1853) in mixed-conifer forests of Arizona during non-mating and mating seasons. Because Abert's squirrels are reported to depend on ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P. & C. Lawson) forests, the mixed-conifer forest in our study represented a novel habitat. Home-range size, home-range overlap with females, and movement distances increased for males from non-mating to mating seasons. Home-range size and overlap characteristics of females remained consistent between seasons, but movement distances were reduced during the mating season. Males probably increased home-range size, home-range overlap with females, and movement distances during the mating season to maximize contact with scarce females. Home-range size and overlap characteristics of female Abert's squirrels likely remained stable between seasons because females do not search for mates. Restricted movements by females during the mating season may be due to changes in resource use in preparation for reproduction. Non-mating season home ranges in our study were smaller than home ranges observed in ponderosa pine forest. Abert's squirrels in mixed-conifer forest may have small home ranges because resource quality is higher than in ponderosa pine forest or competition for space with co-occurring Mount Graham red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis (J.A. Allen, 1894)).
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