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Santoro A, Santolamazza F, Cacciò SM, La Rosa G, Antolová D, Auer H, Bagrade G, Bandelj P, Basso W, Beck R, Citterio CV, Davidson RK, Deksne G, Frey CF, Fuglei E, Glawischnig W, Gottstein B, Harna J, Huus Petersen H, Karamon J, Jansen F, Jarošová J, Jokelainen P, Lundström-Stadelmann B, Maksimov P, Miljević M, Miterpáková M, Moks E, Origgi F, Ozolina Z, Ryser MP, Romig T, Šarkūnas M, Scorrano N, Saarma U, Šnábel V, Sréter T, Umhang G, Vengušt G, Žele Vengušt D, Casulli A. Mitochondrial genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Echinococcus multilocularis in Europe. Int J Parasitol 2024; 54:233-245. [PMID: 38246405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The cestode Echinococcus multilocularis is the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis, a fatal zoonotic parasitic disease of the northern hemisphere. Red foxes are the main reservoir hosts and, likely, the main drivers of the geographic spread of the disease in Europe. Knowledge of genetic relationships among E. multilocularis isolates at a European scale is key to understanding the dispersal characteristics of E. multilocularis. Hence, the present study aimed to describe the genetic diversity of E. multilocularis isolates obtained from different host species in 19 European countries. Based on the analysis of complete nucleotide sequences of the cob, atp6, nad2, nad1 and cox1 mitochondrial genes (4,968 bp), 43 haplotypes were inferred. Four haplotypes represented 62.56 % of the examined isolates (142/227), and one of these four haplotypes was found in each country investigated, except Svalbard, Norway. While the haplotypes from Svalbard were markedly different from all the others, mainland Europe appeared to be dominated by two main clusters, represented by most western, central and eastern European countries, and the Baltic countries and northeastern Poland, respectively. Moreover, one Asian-like haplotype was identified in Latvia and northeastern Poland. To better elucidate the presence of Asian genetic variants of E. multilocularis in Europe, and to obtain a more comprehensive Europe-wide coverage, further studies, including samples from endemic regions not investigated in the present study, especially some eastern European countries, are needed. Further, the present work proposes historical causes that may have contributed to shaping the current genetic variability of E. multilocularis in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzurra Santoro
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; WHO Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Santolamazza
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; WHO Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone M Cacciò
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Rosa
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Antolová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Herbert Auer
- Medical Parasitology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Guna Bagrade
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", Wildlife Management Research Group, Salaspils, Rigas Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia
| | - Petra Bandelj
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Walter Basso
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Relja Beck
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Laboratory for Parasitology, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Carlo V Citterio
- Centro Specialistico Fauna Selvatica, SCT2-Belluno, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Via Cappellari 44/A, 32100 Belluno, Italy
| | | | - Gunita Deksne
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes Street 3, Riga LV-1076, Latvia; Faculty of Biology, University of Lavia, Jelgavas Street 1, Riga LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Caroline F Frey
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva Fuglei
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Walter Glawischnig
- Institute for Veterinary Disease Control Innsbruck, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Technikerstraße 70, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bruno Gottstein
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jiří Harna
- State Veterinary Institute Olomouc, Jakoubka ze Stribra 1, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Heidi Huus Petersen
- Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries of Denmark, Stationsparken 31-33 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Jacek Karamon
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Partyzantow Avenue 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Famke Jansen
- Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Department of Biomedical Sciences, 155 Nationalestraat, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Júlia Jarošová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Pikka Jokelainen
- Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Britta Lundström-Stadelmann
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Länggass-Strasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pavlo Maksimov
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald‑Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Milan Miljević
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Martina Miterpáková
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Epp Moks
- National Centre for Laboratory Research and Risk Assessment, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 30, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Francesco Origgi
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Längassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zanda Ozolina
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes Street 3, Riga LV-1076, Latvia
| | - Marie-Pierre Ryser
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Längassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Romig
- Parasitology Unit, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mindaugas Šarkūnas
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Nathalie Scorrano
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urmas Saarma
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Viliam Šnábel
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Tamás Sréter
- National Reference Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, National Public Health Center, Albert Flórián út 2-6, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gèrald Umhang
- Anses, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory Echinococcus spp, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Gorazd Vengušt
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Diana Žele Vengušt
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Adriano Casulli
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; WHO Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Ulhaq ZS, Bittencourt GB, Soraya GV, Istifiani LA, Pamungkas SA, Ogino Y, Nurputra DK, Tse WKF. Association between glaucoma susceptibility with combined defects in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid beta oxidation. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 96:101238. [PMID: 38215610 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness worldwide, and is characterized by the progressive damage of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the atrophy of the optic nerve head (ONH). The exact cause of RGC loss and optic nerve damage in glaucoma is not fully understood. The high energy demands of these cells imply a higher sensitivity to mitochondrial defects. Moreover, it has been postulated that the optic nerve is vulnerable towards damage from oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. To investigate this further, we conducted a pooled analysis of mitochondrial variants related to energy production, specifically focusing on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO). Our findings revealed that patients carrying non-synonymous (NS) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants within the OXPHOS complexes had an almost two-fold increased risk of developing glaucoma. Regarding FAO, our results demonstrated that longer-chain acylcarnitines (AC) tended to decrease, while shorter-chain AC tended to increase in patients with glaucoma. Furthermore, we observed that the knocking down cpt1a (a key rate-limiting enzyme involved in FAO) in zebrafish induced a degenerative process in the optic nerve and RGC, which resembled the characteristics observed in glaucoma. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that genes encoding mitochondrial proteins involved in energy metabolisms, such as OXPHOS and FAO, are associated with glaucoma. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying glaucoma pathogenesis and may offer potential targets for therapeutic interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq
- Research Center for Pre-clinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Cibinong, Indonesia; Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Guido Barbieri Bittencourt
- Departamento de Psicologia Experimental, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gita Vita Soraya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Lola Ayu Istifiani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | - Yukiko Ogino
- Laboratory of Aquatic Molecular Developmental Biology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - William Ka Fai Tse
- Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Wang D, Lin D, Yang X, Wu D, Li P, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Guo Y, Fu S, Zhang N. Alterations in leukocyte telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number in benzene poisoning patients. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:309. [PMID: 38372835 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09238-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine and evaluate the impact of benzene poisoning on the relative content of the mitochondrial MT-ND1 gene and telomere length in individuals with occupational chronic benzene poisoning (CBP) compared to a control group. The study will analyze and gather data on the mitochondrial gene content and telomere length in cases of benzene poisoning, and investigate the relationship with blood routine parameters in order to contribute scientific experimental data for the prevention and treatment of CBP. METHOD The case group comprised 30 individuals diagnosed with occupational chronic benzene poisoning, whereas the control group consisted of 60 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations at our hospital concurrently. Blood routine indicators were detected and analyzed, and the PCR method was employed to measure changes in mitochondrial MT-ND1 content and telomere length. Subsequently, a comparison and analysis of the aforementioned indicators was conducted. RESULT The case group exhibited a higher mitochondrial gene content (median 366.2, IQR 90.0 rate) compared to the control group (median 101.5, IQR 12.0 rate), with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, the case group demonstrated lower white blood cell levels (3.78 ± 1.387 × 109/L) compared to the control group (5.74 ± 1.41 × 109/L), with a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the case group displayed lower red blood cell levels (3.86 ± 0.65 × 1012/L) compared to the control group (4.89 ± 0.65 × 1012/L), with a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The hemoglobin level in the case group (113.33 ± 16.34 g/L) was lower than that in the control group (138.22 ± 13.22 g/L). There was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). Platelet levels in the case group (153.80 ± 58.31 × 109/L) is smaller than the control group (244.92 ± 51.99 × 109/L), there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The average telomere length of the normal control group was 1.451 ± 0.475 (rate); The mean telomere length of individuals in the case group diagnosed with benzene poisoning was determined to be 1.237 ± 0.457 (rate). No significant correlation was observed between telomere length and three blood routine parameters, namely white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin (HB), and platelets (PLT). However, a significant correlation was found between telomere length and red blood cell count (RBC). Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between mitochondrial gene content and white blood cell count (r = - 0.314, P = 0.026), as well as between mitochondrial gene content and red blood cell count (r = - 0.226, P = 0.032). Furthermore, a negative correlation was identified between mitochondrial gene content and hemoglobin (r = - 0.314, P = 0.028), and platelets (r = - 0.445, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Individuals diagnosed with occupational chronic benzene poisoning exhibit a reduction in telomere length and an elevation in the relative content of the mitochondrial MT-ND1 gene. Moreover, a negative correlation is observed between the content of the mitochondrial MT-ND1 gene and four blood routine parameters, namely white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HB), and platelets (PLT). Consequently, benzene exposure may potentially contribute to the onset of premature aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianpeng Wang
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Dafeng Lin
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Xiangli Yang
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Dongpeng Wu
- Medical Laboratory College Hebei North University in China, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Peimao Li
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Song Fu
- Medical Laboratory College Hebei North University in China, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Naixing Zhang
- Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
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Kamani J, Irene S, Nachum-Biala Y, Shand M, Harrus S. Phylogenetic and network analysis of Pediculus humanus in Nigeria reveal the presences of clade E body lice and novel haplotypes. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:3087-3100. [PMID: 37847393 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07999-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
An investigation was conducted for the first time to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of human lice, for the first time in Nigeria, using conventional PCR and sequencing methods. Three mitochondrial genes, cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), cytochrome b (cytb), and 12S rRNA of Nigerian human lice, were amplified, sequenced, and analyzed. Overall, high prevalence (72.5%; 103/142) of lice infestation was recorded among the examined volunteers. Head lice infestation was more common 63 (61.2%) than body lice infestation 34 (33.0%). Co-infestation with both head and body lice was recorded in six humans (5.8%). The Nigerian human lice specimens were placed mostly into clade A with few in clade E, including body lice for the first time. Six, three, and eight haplotypes of Nigerian human lice were obtained for the cytb, cox1, and 12S rRNA genes, respectively. Additionally, one (E51), three (A31, A32, and E5), and six (A20, A21, A23, A24, A30, and E1) novel haplotypes were recorded for cox1, cytb, and 12S rRNA, respectively, from the Nigerian specimens which were corroborated by the ML phylogenetic trees and MJ network analyses. Genetic diversity indices indicate minimal variation in the parameters analyzed among the clades of the three genes. However, a statistically significant Snn test, negative Tajima's D test for clade A (cox1 and 12S rRNA genes), and negative Fu and Li's D test in clade A for cox1 gene indicate a geographical structure and the signature of population expansion of the Nigerian human lice. The findings from this study provide additional data on the human lice structure in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Kamani
- Parasitology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Plateau State, PMB 01, Nigeria.
| | - Sacristán Irene
- Animal Health Research Centre, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yaarit Nachum-Biala
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mike Shand
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Shimon Harrus
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Gutiérrez EG, Ortega J, Savoie A, Baeza JA. The mitochondrial genome of the mountain wooly tapir, Tapirus pinchaque and a formal test of the effect of altitude on the adaptive evolution of mitochondrial protein coding genes in odd-toed ungulates. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:527. [PMID: 37674108 PMCID: PMC10481570 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The harsh conditions of high-altitude environments are known to drive the evolution of physiological and morphological traits in endothermic animals. These conditions are expected to result in the adaptive evolution of protein coding genes encoded in mitochondrial genomes that are vital for the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. In this study, we formally tested for signatures of adaptive evolution on mitochondrial protein coding genes in Tapirus pinchaque and other odd-toed ungulates inhabiting high-elevation environments. RESULTS The AT-rich mitochondrial genome of T. pinchaque is 16,750 bp long. A phylomitogenomic analysis supports the monophyly of the genus Tapirus and families in the Perissodactyla. The ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions demonstrated that all mitochondrial genes undergo purifying selection in T. pinchaque and other odd ungulates living at high elevations. Over this negative background selection, Branch Models suggested that cox3 and nad6 might be undergoing stronger purifying selection than other mitochondrial protein coding genes. Furthermore, Site Models suggested that one and four sites in nad2 and nad5, respectively, could be experiencing positive selection. However, these results were supported by Likelihood Ratio Tests but not Bayesian Empirical Bayes posterior probabilities. Additional analyses (in DataMonkey) indicated a relaxation of selection strength in nad6, evidence of episodic diversifying selection in cob, and revealed episodic positive/diversifying selection signatures for two sites in nad1, and one site each in nad2 and nad4. CONCLUSION The mitochondrial genome of T. pinchaque is an important genomic resource for conservation of this species and this study contributes to the understanding of adaptive evolution of mitochondrial protein coding genes in odd-toed ungulates inhabiting high-altitude environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar G Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Bioconservación y Manejo, Posgrado en Ciencias Químicobiológicas, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, C.P. 11340, Mexico
| | - Jorge Ortega
- Laboratorio de Bioconservación y Manejo, Posgrado en Ciencias Químicobiológicas, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, C.P. 11340, Mexico
| | - Avery Savoie
- Department of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - J Antonio Baeza
- Department of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL, 34949, USA.
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile.
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Brabec J, Rochat EC, Knudsen R, Scholz T, Blasco-Costa I. Mining various genomic resources to resolve old alpha-taxonomy questions: A test of the species hypothesis of the Proteocephalus longicollis species complex (Cestoda: Platyhelminthes) from salmonid fishes. Int J Parasitol 2023; 53:197-205. [PMID: 36706803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing strategies became commonly employed to study non-model parasites, but the corresponding genomes and transcriptomes were seldom mined following the original publication. Similar to the data generated with genome skimming techniques based on shallow-depth shotgun genomes, various genomic and transcriptomic resources can be screened for useful molecular phylogenetic markers traditionally characterised with Sanger sequencing. Here, we provide an example of a strategy using reduced-representation genomic as well as transcriptomic data to obtain broad insights into the molecular diversity of the cestode Proteocephalus longicollis, a common parasite of salmonids distributed throughout the Holarctic region. We extract popular mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal markers from various genomic resources for hundreds of parasite specimens from multiple European whitefish populations and compare those with Proteocephalus representatives from other species of salmonids and various geographical regions. In contrast with the previous morphology-based assessments, molecular phylogeny reveals a high degree of genetic divergence between Proteocephalus isolates from different salmonids, contrastingly low genetic differentiation within the parasite's populations hosted by the European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus species complex), and a sister species relationship of Proteocephalus from European whitefish and Proteocephalus percae, a parasite of European perch (Perca fluviatilis). Proteocephalus spp. from North American lake whitefish, brown trout and Arctic charr each formed clearly distinct lineages. These results advance our understanding of the interrelationships of the Proteocephalus-aggregate, a well-recognized clade of Holarctic freshwater fish proteocephalids, and support resurrection of some of the nominal species of Proteocephalus, including Proteocephalus exiguus La Rue, 1911 from North American coregonids and Proteocephalus fallax La Rue, 1911 from European C. lavaretus, reserving Proteocephalus longicollis (Zeder, 1800) exclusively for parasites of Salmo trutta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Brabec
- Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Eloïse C Rochat
- Department of Arctic Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rune Knudsen
- Department of Arctic Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Isabel Blasco-Costa
- Department of Invertebrates, Natural History Museum of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Arctic Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Hsi-Te Shih, Min-Yun Liu, Misuzu Aoki, Hiroshi Suzuki. Phylogeography of the Fiddler Crab Tubuca arcuata
(Crustacea: Brachyura: Ocypodidae) in East Asia and Northern
Vietnam. Zool Stud 2022; 61:e68. [PMID: 36568825 PMCID: PMC9755987 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2022.61-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The fiddler crab Tubuca arcuata (Crustacea: Ocypodidae: Gelasiminae) is widely distributed across East Asia and northern Vietnam. Particularly, this species inhabits estuarine mangroves and mudflats of the East Asian continent, as well as the main islands of Japan and the Ryukyus. By comparing sequences of the mitochondrial 16S, cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), and control region genes, two main clades of this species were elucidated. The northern (N) clade was mostly restricted to the region north of the Taiwan Strait, whereas the wide (W) clade could be found throughout the entire range inhabited by this species. Based on the distribution of the ancestral haplotypes of COI and the divergence time of the two clades, our findings suggest that the land bridge barrier present in the Taiwan Strait during glaciations might have played an important role in their cladogenesis, approximately 0.93 million years ago. Here, we propose that the distribution of the ancestral haplotype of the W clade in the Ryukyus and the main islands of Japan was determined by the Paleo-Kuroshio Current, whereas the modern distribution pattern is shaped by the modern Kuroshio Current and other warm currents during the crab reproduction season in the summer.
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Qu XJ, Zhang XJ, Cao DL, Guo XX, Mower JP, Fan SJ. Plastid and mitochondrial phylogenomics reveal correlated substitution rate variation in Koenigia (Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) and a reduced plastome for Koenigia delicatula including loss of all ndh genes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 174:107544. [PMID: 35690375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Koenigia, a genus proposed by Linnaeus, has a contentious taxonomic history. In particular, relationships among species and the circumscription of the genus relative to Aconogonon remain uncertain. To explore phylogenetic relationships of Koenigia with other members of tribe Persicarieae and to establish the timing of major evolutionary diversification events, genome skimming of organellar sequences was used to assemble plastomes and mitochondrial genes from 15 individuals representing 13 species. Most Persicarieae plastomes exhibit a conserved structure and content relative to other flowering plants. However, Koenigia delicatula has lost functional copies of all ndh genes and the intron from atpF. In addition, the rpl32 gene was relocated in the K. delicatula plastome, which likely occurred via overlapping inversions or differential expansion and contraction of the inverted repeat. The highly supported but conflicting relationships between plastome and mitochondrial trees and among gene trees complicates the circumscription of Koenigia, which could be caused by rapid diversification within a short period. Moreover, the plastome and mitochondrial trees revealed correlated variation in substitution rates among Persicarieae species, suggesting a shared underlying mechanism promoting evolutionary rate variation in both organellar genomes. The divergence of dwarf K. delicatula from other Koenigia species may be associated with the well-known Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 or Early Eocene Climatic Optimum event, while diversification of the core-Koenigia clade associates with the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum and the uplift of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jian Qu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xue-Jie Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Dong-Ling Cao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xiu-Xiu Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Jeffrey P Mower
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
| | - Shou-Jin Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, Shandong, China.
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Nooroong P, Watthanadirek A, Minsakorn S, Poolsawat N, Junsiri W, Srionrod N, Sangchuai S, Chawengkirttikul R, Anuracpreeda P. Molecular genetic diversity and bioinformatic analysis of Leucocytozoon sabrazesi based on the mitochondrial genes cytb, coxI and coxIII and co-infection of Plasmodium spp. Parasite 2022; 29:22. [PMID: 35475784 PMCID: PMC9044968 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucocytozoon sabrazesi is an intracellular haemoprotozoan parasite responsible for leucocytozoonosis, which is transmitted by insect vectors and affects chickens in tropical and subtropical areas in many countries. It causes huge economic losses due to decreased meat and egg production. In the present study, we used nested PCR to determine the genetic diversity of L. sabrazesi based on the cytb, coxI, coxIII and concatenated genes in chickens in Thailand. In addition, we found co-infections between L. sabrazesi and Plasmodium spp. (P. gallinaceum or P. juxtanucleare) in chickens that were not identified by microscopic examination of blood smears. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that L. sabrazesi cytb and coxIII genes were conserved with similarity ranging from 99.9 to 100% and 98 to 100%, respectively whereas the coxI gene was diverse, with similarities ranging from 97 to 100%. These findings ascertained the nucleotide analysis of the cytb, coxI, coxIII and concatenated sequences in which 4, 8, 10 and 9 haplotypes were found, respectively. In addition, it was found that the large number of synonymous substitutions and conservative amino acid replacements in these mitochondrial genes occurred by non-synonymous substitution. The evolutionary analysis of the Ka/Ks ratio supported purifying selection and the negative values of both Fu’s Fs and Tajima’s D indicate selective sweep especially for the coxI gene. The entropy and Simplot analysis showed that the genetic variation in populations of Plasmodium spp. was higher than in Leucocytozoon. Hence, the nucleotide sequences of three mitochondrial genes could reflect the evolutionary analysis and geographic distribution of this protozoan population that switches hosts during its life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpiroon Nooroong
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Amaya Watthanadirek
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sutthida Minsakorn
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Napassorn Poolsawat
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Witchuta Junsiri
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Nitipon Srionrod
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Siriphan Sangchuai
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand - Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | | | - Panat Anuracpreeda
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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Hammoud A, Louni M, Missé D, Cortaredona S, Fenollar F, Mediannikov O. Phylogenetic relationship between the endosymbiont "Candidatus Riesia pediculicola" and its human louse host. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:73. [PMID: 35248159 PMCID: PMC8898481 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human louse (Pediculus humanus) is a haematophagous ectoparasite that is intimately related to its host. It has been of great public health concern throughout human history. This louse has been classified into six divergent mitochondrial clades (A, D, B, F, C and E). As with all haematophagous lice, P. humanus directly depends on the presence of a bacterial symbiont, known as “Candidatus Riesia pediculicola”, to complement their unbalanced diet. In this study, we evaluated the codivergence of human lice around the world and their endosymbiotic bacteria. Using molecular approaches, we targeted lice mitochondrial genes from the six diverged clades and Candidatus Riesia pediculicola housekeeping genes. Methods The mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cytb) of lice was selected for molecular analysis, with the aim to identify louse clade. In parallel, we developed four PCR primer pairs targeting three housekeeping genes of Candidatus Riesia pediculicola: ftsZ, groEL and two regions of the rpoB gene (rpoB-1 and rpoB-2). Results The endosymbiont phylogeny perfectly mirrored the host insect phylogeny using the ftsZ and rpoB-2 genes, in addition to showing a significant co-phylogenetic congruence, suggesting a strict vertical transmission and a host–symbiont co-speciation following the evolutionary course of the human louse. Conclusion Our results unequivocally indicate that louse endosymbionts have experienced a similar co-evolutionary history and that the human louse clade can be determined by their endosymbiotic bacteria. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05203-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Hammoud
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, 13005, Marseille, France.,Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Aix-Marseille University, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Meriem Louni
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, 13005, Marseille, France. .,Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Aix-Marseille University, 13005, Marseille, France. .,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, M'Hamed Bougara University, 35000, Boumerdès, Algeria.
| | - Dorothée Missé
- IRD, CNRS, MIVEGEC, Université Montpellier, 34394, Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Cortaredona
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, 13005, Marseille, France.,Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Vectors Infections Tropicales and Mediterranean (VITROME), Aix-Marseille University, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Fenollar
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, 13005, Marseille, France.,Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Vectors Infections Tropicales and Mediterranean (VITROME), Aix-Marseille University, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, 13005, Marseille, France. .,Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Aix-Marseille University, 13005, Marseille, France.
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Domingues W, Dos Santos EH, Yamamoto L, Di Santi SM, Kanunfre KA, Okay TS. Single-round multiplex PCR with species-specific mitochondrial primers of P. falciparum, P. vivax/P. simium and P. malariae/P. brasilianum: Comparison with standard techniques. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 193:106398. [PMID: 34953974 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A single-round multiplex PCR (mPCR) with species-specific primers (SSP) of three mitochondrial genes of Plasmodium, namely COX I, COX III and CYT B, was compared to microscopy and 18S rRNA semi-nested PCR, nested-PCR and Real Time PCRs (*PCRs). Each parasite has between 20 and 150 mitochondria and each mitochondria has one copy of each target gene, while 18S rRNA gene is repeated 4 to 8 times. The specificity of mPCR was assessed by testing Plasmodium from rodents and birds, parasites responsible for other endemic diseases in the country such as schistosomiasis, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis in addition to microorganisms that, like Plasmodium, can cause anemia (Bartonella henselae, Babesia vogeli, Rickettsia vini). No cross-reactions were detected. From a total of 149 specimens from suspected cases of malaria were tested, 97 were positive by microscopy (49 P. falciparum, 38 P. vivax, 6 P. malariae, 4 P. falciparum/P. vivax- mixed infections) and 52 were negative; 148 samples were positive by *PCRs (49 P. falciparum, 53 P. vivax, 7 P. malariae and 39 mixed infections) and one was negative; 146 were positive by mPCR (49 P. falciparum, 56 P. vivax, 9 P. malariae and 32 mixed infections) and three were negative. The comparison of groups found statistically significant differences between microscopy vs.*PCRs or vs. mPCR (p-values <0.0001), but no difference was found between mPCR vs. *PCRs (p=0.946). The agreement in the identification of Plasmodium species was only regular, with Kappa indices of 0.407 (microscopy vs. *PCRs), 0.433 (microscopy vs. mPCR) and 0.558 (*PCRs vs. mPCR). In conclusion, the diagnostic performance of mPCR was comparable to those of *PCRs, and superior to microscopy, although the identification of Plasmodium species showed many disagreements. In conclusion, a sensitive and specific one-round SSP multiplex PCR, capable of simultaneously detecting and identifying P. falciparum, P. vivax/P. simium and P. malariae/P. brasilianum may be useful in resource-constrained countries where quantitative amplifications are not yet fully accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Domingues
- Laboratório de Soroepidemiologia e Imunobiologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emilly Henrique Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Soroepidemiologia e Imunobiologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lidia Yamamoto
- Laboratório de Soroepidemiologia e Imunobiologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Maria Di Santi
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Núcleo de Estudos em Malária, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelly Aparecida Kanunfre
- Laboratório de Soroepidemiologia e Imunobiologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; LIM 48, Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thelma Suely Okay
- Laboratório de Soroepidemiologia e Imunobiologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
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Long XL, Wang SP, Zhou SF, Li ZX, Zhuang SF, He Z. Interspecies Phylogenetic Analysis of Clonorchis sinensis in High-incidence Areas of Hunan Province, China. Biomed Environ Sci 2021; 34:881-890. [PMID: 34955148 DOI: 10.3967/bes2021.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the infection of Clonorchis sinensis ( C. sinensis) in high-incidence areas of Hunan Province, China. The phylogenetic analysis of the C. sinensis species in the highly infected areas was carried out. METHOD Infection of the definitive human host and intermediate fish host by C. sinensis was investigated, and the mitochondrial genes cox1 and Nad1were used as genetic markers for phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS In 2016-2020, the average population infection rate of Hunan was 1.38%, while in Tongdao County the rate was up to 26.90%, and the highest fish infection rate was detected in Qiyang County (99.44% in the dorsal fin of crucian carp). High genetic sequence similarity was observed in the samples from Qiyang and Lengshuitan which exhibited high homology with those from Guangdong and Gansu, whereas the parasitic species from Tongdao was highly homologous with those located in high-latitude areas. Moreover, no significant difference was found in the gene sequence of the parasitic species in definitive hosts dogs and cats. CONCLUSION The systematically study of C. sinensis infection in the high-incidence areas will contribute greatly to the prevention and effectively controlling the spread of Clonorchis sinensis in Hunan Province The endemic of C. sinensis infection in Hunan Province is the result of co-action of local and foreign parasite species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lei Long
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410028, Hunan, China;Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and prevention, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Shi Ping Wang
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410028, Hunan, China
| | - Shuai Feng Zhou
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410028, Hunan, China;Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and prevention, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Xiang Li
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and prevention, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Shi Feng Zhuang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and prevention, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuo He
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and prevention, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China
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Kia A, Nadi M, Hajhasan V, Salimian J. Alterations in Mitochondrial and Inflammasome Homeostasis by 2-Chloroethyl Ethyl Sulfide and Their Mitigation by Curcumin: An in Vitro Study. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021; 20:614-622. [PMID: 34664820 DOI: 10.18502/ijaai.v20i5.7411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrion has a substantial role in innate immunity and inflammasome signaling pathways. Sulfur mustard (SM) induces toxicity in cytoplasmic organelles. We aimed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effect of curcumin on the toxicity of SM analog through measuring gene expression levels of mitochondrial dynamics followed by induction of the inflammasome signaling pathway. After the treatment of pulmonary epithelial cell line (A549) by 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) (2500 mM) for 48h, the transcriptional activity of mitochondrial fission and fusion genes such as dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), mitochondrial fission 1 protein (Fis1), mitofusin-1 (Mfn1), mitofusin-2 (Mfn2), and Dominant optic atrophy (Opa1) and inflammasome pathway genes including absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), NLR family containing protein 3 (NLRP3), and Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) was measured. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of curcumin (160 mM) concurrent with SM analog on the expression level of mitochondria and inflammasome genes was investigated. CEES was able to over-express the fission, fusion (Drp1 ~ 8, Fis1 4.5, Mfn2 15, and Opa1 16-fold) and inflammasome genes (AIM2, NLRP3, 8 and 6-fold, respectively), whereas Mfn1 was significantly decreased (0.5-fold) and a not statistically significant decrease was observed in the ASC gene. Curcumin could modulate the effect of CEES, mitigate the expression of fission, fusion, and inflammasome genes exceedingly. However, a major increase in the repairer fusion gene (Mfn1, 6-fold) and complete suppression of the ASC gene were the outcomes of using the curcumin. In conclusion, we suggest curcumin alleviates the disturbance of mitochondrial dynamics and downregulates the inflammasome genes exposed to the CEES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Kia
- Basic Science School, East branch, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mona Nadi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vahideh Hajhasan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jafar Salimian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Koç N, İnak E, Jonckheere W, Van Leeuwen T. Genetic analysis and screening of pyrethroid resistance mutations in Varroa destructor populations from Turkey. Exp Appl Acarol 2021; 84:433-444. [PMID: 33983538 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-021-00626-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Varroa destructor is the most common ectoparasite of the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) worldwide and poses a serious threat to bee health. Synthetic acaricides, particularly pyrethroids, are frequently used to control Varroa mites. However, long-term and repeated use of synthetic pyrethroids has led to the development of resistance. In this study, we report on the presence of resistance mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel in V. destructor populations from Turkish beekeeping areas. Two resistance mutations, L925V and L925I, that were previously associated with pyrethroid resistance, were found in more than 75% of the populations. A general correlation between the presence of mutations and the history of acaricide usage was observed for the sampled hives. In addition, we show there is only a low genetic distance among the sampled V. destructor populations, based on the analysis of three mitochondrial genes: cytochrome b (cytb), ATP synthase subunit 6 (atp6), and cytochrome c oxidase subunit III (cox3). Revealing the presence and geographical distribution of pyrethroid resistance mutations in V. destructor populations from Turkish apiaries will contribute to create more effective mite management programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiye Koç
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Diskapi, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre İnak
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Diskapi, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Wim Jonckheere
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Alajmi RA, Metwally DM, El-Khadragy MF, Yehia HM, El-Ashram S, Almusawi Z, Amjad Bashir M, Alotaibi NJ, Abdel-Gaber R. Molecular identification of Campanulotes bidentatus Scopoli, 1763 (Phthiraptera, Philopteridae) infecting the domestic pigeon Columba livia from Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2613-7. [PMID: 33911972 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxonomy of the order Phthiraptera is unstable and still problematic to researchers. Most of the current taxon classifications are mainly based on morphological features. Campanulotes bidentatus belongs to the chewing lice of the Philopteridae family that mostly parasitic on birds. There is a lack of sequence data and phylogenetic analyses on the family Philopteridae. In the current study, C. bidentatus was collected from the domestic pigeon Columba livia and identified morphologically and molecularly based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI). The infection rate of the Campanulotes genus was approximately 58.82% in this study. Phylogenetic analysis based on the mt COI gene was informative for members of Philopteridae and the group taxon genera formed distinct clades. Future studies were recommended using the 16s rRNA to enhance the tree topology and obtain clear differentiation between genera.
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Panait LC, Mihalca AD, Modrý D, Juránková J, Ionică AM, Deak G, Gherman CM, Heddergott M, Hodžić A, Veronesi F, Reichard M, Zieman EA, Nielsen CK, Jiménez-Ruiz FA, Hrazdilová K. Three new species of Cytauxzoon in European wild felids. Vet Parasitol 2021; 290:109344. [PMID: 33465567 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protists of the genus Cytauxzoon infect a wide variety of wild and domestic felids worldwide. While the American Cytauxzoon felis has been well described, data on the European isolates of Cytauxzoon are still scant. The aim of the current study was to determine the genetic diversity of European Cytauxzoon spp. in wild felids across Europe by analyzing one nuclear and two mitochondrial genes, along with representative complete mitochondrial genomes. Overall, 106 biological samples from wild felids (92 from Felis silvestris and 14 from Lynx lynx) from Germany, Romania, Czech Republic, and Luxembourg were collected and screened for the presence of Cytauxzoon spp. using nested PCR protocols, targeting the highly conserved 18S rDNA, mitochondrial cytochrome b (CytB) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes. Furthermore, 18 previously confirmed wild felid biological samples from Europe, and comparative material from USA positive for C. felis, were included in the study. In 18S rDNA sequences analyses, Cytauxzoon spp. from felids formed two separate clades of New World and Old World isolates, with a low inner diversity of the European clade. In contrast to 18S rDNA, the phylogenetic analyses of CytB and COI genes affirmatively revealed three highly supported clades, resulting in three defined genotypes. Similar intra- and interspecific variability of CytB and COI genes was observed in the case of different Babesia spp. Considering geography, host species and analyses of three genes, we conclude that the three detected genotypes of Cytauxzoon in European wild felids represent three new species, which we herein describe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Cătălina Panait
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania.
| | - Andrei Daniel Mihalca
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania.
| | - David Modrý
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Brno, 61242, Brno, Czech Republic; Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Juránková
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Brno, 61242, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Angela Monica Ionică
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania; CDS-9, "Regele Mihai I Al României" Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania.
| | - Georgiana Deak
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania.
| | - Călin Mircea Gherman
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania.
| | - Mike Heddergott
- Museum of Natural History, 25 Rue Munster, 2160, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
| | - Adnan Hodžić
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Fabrizia Veronesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Mason Reichard
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 74078, Stillwater, OK, United States.
| | - Elliott A Zieman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, 61920-3099, Charleston, IL, United States.
| | - Clayton K Nielsen
- Department of Forestry and Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 62901-6501, Carbondale, IL, United States.
| | | | - Kristýna Hrazdilová
- CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Brno, 61242, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, 32300, Plzeň, Czech Republic.
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17
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Dutta N, Singh RK, Pathak A, Mohindra V, Mandal S, Kaur G, Lal KK. Mitochondrial DNA markers reveal genetic connectivity among populations of Osteoglossiform fish Chitala chitala. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8579-8592. [PMID: 33083948 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05901-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetic diversity and population structure in Indian featherback fish, Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822) was investigated by combined analyses of two full mitochondrial genes, ATPase 6/8 and Cytochrome b. A total of 403 individuals, collected from 14 rivers yielded 61 haplotypes. Hierarchical partitioning analysis identified 19.01% variance 'among' and 80.99% variance 'within groups and populations'. The mean coefficient of genetic differentiation (FST) was observed to be significant 0.26 (p < 0.05). Mantel tests rejected the hypothesis that genetic and geographic distances were correlated. The patterns of genetic differentiation, AMOVA and principal coordinate analyses indicated that natural populations were sub-structured and comprised of four genetic stocks of C. chitala in Indian rivers. The results also supported the higher resolution potential of concatenated gene sequences. The knowledge of genetic variation and divergence, from this study, can be utilized for its scientific conservation and management in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha Dutta
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, India.,Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Abhinav Pathak
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | - Gurjeet Kaur
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India
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Arrabal JP, Pérez MG, Arce LF, Kamenetzky L. First identification and molecular phylogeny of Sparganum proliferum from endangered felid ( Panthera onca) and other wild definitive hosts in one of the regions with highest worldwide biodiversity. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2020; 13:142-149. [PMID: 33083226 PMCID: PMC7554206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
After decades of being neglected, broad tapeworms now attract growing attention thanks to the increasing number of reports from humans but also thanks to many advancements achieved by application of molecular methods in diagnosis and epidemiological studies. Regarding sparganosis, unfortunately general uniformity of most species, their high intraspecific variability and lack of agreement among researchers has led to confusion about the classification of Spirometra/Sparganum species. For the first time we determined adult, eggs and plerocercoid life cycle stages and the molecular phylogeny of Sparganum proliferum obtained from endangered wild felids (Panthera onca, Leopardus pardalis, Leopardus guttulus and Herpailurus yagoauroundi) in one of the largest continuous remnants of worldwide biodiversity, the Atlantic Forest from South America. Our results showed that at least 57% of total species of wild felids in this natural area could act as definitive hosts of Sparganum proliferum. We conclude that the availability of more morphological characteristics are needed in order to secure reliable characterization and diagnosis of sparganosis. The integration of these data with molecular analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences will be useful for species discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Arrabal
- INMet, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Neuquén y Jujuy S/n (3370), Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.,Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico (CeIBA), Bertoni 85, CP 3370, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Matías Gastón Pérez
- IMPAM-UBA-CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Facultad de Medicina - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 13 (1121), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Federico Arce
- IMPAM-UBA-CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Facultad de Medicina - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 13 (1121), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Kamenetzky
- IMPAM-UBA-CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Facultad de Medicina - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 13 (1121), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Divya PR, Jency PME, Joy L, Kathirvelpandian A, Singh RK, Basheer VS. Population connectivity and genetic structure of Asian green mussel, Perna viridis along Indian waters assessed using mitochondrial markers. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:5061-5072. [PMID: 32524388 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05575-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758), the Asian green mussel, belonging to the family Mytilidae is widely distributed along the Indian coast. The species is majorly found in southeastern countries and is considered an ideal candidate for aquaculture due to its high nutritional value and growth rate. Obtaining their genetic information is essential for their sustainable capture-based production. In the present study, genetic variation, population structure, and demographic processes of the populations across the distribution of this species were assessed using the mitochondrial DNA ATPase6 and cytb gene. In total, we selected 170 samples from five localities across the Indian subcontinent including Andaman Sea. Sequence analysis of partial cytb (885 bp) and ATPase6 (714 bp) genes revealed 45 and 58 haplotypes, respectively. The significant coefficient of genetic differentiation (FST: 0.255 for cytb and 0.252 for ATPase6) and analyses of molecular variance indicated three varieties of stocks, namely Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, and Andaman Sea. All the populations showed low nucleotide diversity, suggesting severe historical bottleneck events and high haplotype diversity, indicating population expansion. The genetic variation and demographic process reported in this study will form the baseline information for framing policies, which can be adopted while planning stock specific ranching and relaying programmes in the Indian subcontinent with view to enhance and manage the fishery.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Divya
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, ICAR NBFGR, CMFRI Campus, Cochin, Kerala, 682018, India.
| | - P M Elizabeth Jency
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, ICAR NBFGR, CMFRI Campus, Cochin, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - Linu Joy
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, ICAR NBFGR, CMFRI Campus, Cochin, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - A Kathirvelpandian
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, ICAR NBFGR, CMFRI Campus, Cochin, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar Singh
- ICAR National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Dilkusha Post, Canal ring Road, Lucknow, 226002, India
| | - V S Basheer
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, ICAR NBFGR, CMFRI Campus, Cochin, Kerala, 682018, India
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20
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Heidari MM, Mirfakhradini FS, Tayefi F, Ghorbani S, Khatami M, Hadadzadeh M. Novel Point Mutations in Mitochondrial MT-CO2 Gene May Be Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 191:1326-39. [PMID: 32096057 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of genetic and environmental interactions are involved in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Considerable evidence suggests that mitochondrial DNA mutations are associated with heart failure. In this work, we examined the possible mutations in hotspot mitochondrial genes and their association with Iranian patients with coronary artery disease. In this case-control study, nucleotide variations were investigated in 109 patients with coronary atherosclerosis and 105 control subjects with no family history of cardiovascular disease. The molecular analysis of related mitochondrial genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction sequencing. Our results showed 25 nucleotide variations (10 missense mutations, 9 synonymous polymorphisms, and 6 variants in tRNA genes) that for the first time were presented in coronary artery disease. Our results suggest that novel heteroplasmic m.8231 C>A mutation is involved in CAD (p = 0.007). These nucleotide variations suggest the role of mitochondrial mutations as a predisposing factor which in combination with environmental risk factors may affect the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis. So, further investigation is needed for a better understanding of the pathogenesis and predisposing effects of these variations on the disease.
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21
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Pronsato L, Milanesi L, Vasconsuelo A. Testosterone induces up-regulation of mitochondrial gene expression in murine C2C12 skeletal muscle cells accompanied by an increase of nuclear respiratory factor-1 and its downstream effectors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 500:110631. [PMID: 31676390 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The reduction in muscle mass and strength with age, sarcopenia, is a prevalent condition among the elderly, linked to skeletal muscle dysfunction and cell apoptosis. We demonstrated that testosterone protects against H2O2-induced apoptosis in C2C12 muscle cells. Here, we analyzed the effect of testosterone on mitochondrial gene expression in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. We found that testosterone increases mRNA expression of genes encoded by mitochondrial DNA, such as NADPH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1), subunit 4 (ND4), cytochrome b (CytB), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1) and subunit 2 (Cox2) in C2C12. Additionally, the hormone induced the expression of the nuclear respiratory factors 1 and 2 (Nrf-1 and Nrf-2), the mitochondrial transcription factors A (Tfam) and B2 (TFB2M), and the optic atrophy 1 (OPA1). The simultaneous treatment with testosterone and the androgen receptor antagonist, Flutamide, reduced these effects. H2O2-oxidative stress induced treatment, significantly decreased mitochondrial gene expression. Computational analysis revealed that mitochondrial DNA contains specific sequences, which the androgen receptor could recognize and bind, probably taking place a direct regulation of mitochondrial transcription by the receptor. These findings indicate that androgen plays an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial transcription and biogenesis in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Pronsato
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR-CONICET), 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Lorena Milanesi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR-CONICET), 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Andrea Vasconsuelo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR-CONICET), 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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22
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Heidari Z, Sharbatkhori M, Mobedi I, Mirhendi SH, Nikmanesh B, Sharifdini M, Mohebali M, Zarei Z, Arzamani K, Kia EB. Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus in canines in North-Khorasan Province, northeastern Iran, identified using morphology and genetic characterization of mitochondrial DNA. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:606. [PMID: 31881913 PMCID: PMC6935109 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canids are definitive hosts of Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus. This study aimed to survey these two Echinococcus species in canids of North-Khorasan Province, northeastern Iran, using morphological criteria and genetic characterization of mitochondrial DNA. Methods The carcasses of 106 canids, namely 61 jackals (Canis aureus), 23 foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 19 dogs (Canis familiaris) and three wolves (Canis lupus) were collected from the study area in 2013–2014 and examined for Echinococcus species. Morphological features were assessed by microscopy of adult worms. For molecular characterization, DNA was extracted, mostly from the adult worms but also from eggs. DNA fragments of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) mitochondrial genes were amplified and sequenced. Sequences were aligned and compared with reference sequences. Intraspecific and interspecific diversity were calculated and phylogenetic analysis was performed. Results Overall, 9.4% of the canids (eight jackals and two foxes) were found infected with E. multilocularis by molecular methods, of which seven cases were also confirmed using morphological description of the adult worms. Echinococcus granulosus was found in 6.6% of the canines (four dogs, two jackals and one wolf) as determined by both molecular methods and adult cestode morphology. All E. granulosus isolates were identified as the G1 genotype. Comparative sequence analysis indicated 0–0.7% and 0% intraspecific divergence within E. granulosus isolates and 0% and 0–0.2% within E. multilocularis isolates for cox1 and nad1, respectively. Conclusions This study revealed the presence of E. multilocularis and E. granulosus in canids of North-Khorasan Province of Iran. Jackals were found infected with both E. multilocularis and E. granulosus, but infection with the former species was higher.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Sharbatkhori
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Iraj Mobedi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahram Nikmanesh
- Department of Lab Medical Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Sharifdini
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zabihollah Zarei
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kourosh Arzamani
- Vector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Eshrat Beigom Kia
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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23
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Shen Y, Wang X, Guo S, Qiu M, Hou G, Tan Z. Evolutionary genomics analysis of human nucleus-encoded mitochondrial genes: implications for the roles of energy production and metabolic pathways in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of demyelinating diseases. Neurosci Lett 2020; 715:134600. [PMID: 31726178 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The myelin sheath is a plasma membrane extension that lines nerve fibers to protect, support and insulate neurons. The myelination of axons in vertebrates enables fast, saltatory impulse propagation, and this process relies on organelles, especially on mitochondria to supply energy. Approximately 99% of mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nucleus. Since mitochondria play a central role in the energy production and metabolic pathways, which are essential for myelinogenesis, studying these nucleus-encoded genes (nMGs) may provide new insights into the roles of energy metabolism in demyelinating diseases. In this work, a multiomics-based approach was employed to 1) construct a 1,740 human nMG subset with mitochondrial localization evidence obtained from the Integrated Mitochondrial Protein Index (IMPI) and MitoCarta databases, 2) conduct an evolutionary genomics analysis across mouse, rat, monkey, chimp, and human models, 3) examine dysmyelination phenotype-related genes (nMG subset genes with oligodendrocyte- and myelin-related phenotypes, OMP-nMGs) in MGI mouse lines and human patients, 4) determine the expression discrepancy of OMP-nMGs in brain tissues of cuprizone-treated mice, multiple sclerosis patients, and normal controls, and 5) conduct literature data mining to explore OMP-nMG-associated disease impacts. By contrasting OMP-nMGs with other genes, OMP-nMGs were found to be more ubiquitously expressed (59.1% vs. 16.1%), disease-associated (67.3% vs. 20.2%), and evolutionarily conserved within the human populations. Our multiomics-based analysis identified 110 OMP-nMGs implicated in energy production and lipid and glycan biosynthesis in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of demyelinating disorders. Future targeted characterization of OMP-nMGs in abnormal myelination conditions may allow the discovery of novel nMG mediated mechanisms underlying myelinogenesis and related diseases.
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Singh S, Dey SS, Bhatia R, Kumar R, Behera TK. Current understanding of male sterility systems in vegetable Brassicas and their exploitation in hybrid breeding. Plant Reprod 2019; 32:231-256. [PMID: 31053901 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-019-00371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Overview of the current status of GMS and CMS systems available in Brassica vegetables, their molecular mechanism, wild sources of sterile cytoplasm and exploitation of male sterility in hybrid breeding. The predominantly herbaceous family Brassicaceae (crucifers or mustard family) encompasses over 3700 species, and many of them are scientifically and economically important. The genus Brassica is an economically important genus within the tribe Brassicaceae that comprises important vegetable, oilseed and fodder crops. Brassica vegetables display strong hybrid vigor, and heterosis breeding is the integral part in their improvement. Commercial production of F1 hybrid seeds in Brassica vegetables requires an effective male sterility system. Among the available male sterility systems, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is the most widely exploited in Brassica vegetables. This system is maternally inherited and studied intensively. A limited number of reports about the genic male sterility (GMS) are available in Brassica vegetables. The GMS system is reported to be dominant, recessive and trirecessive in nature in different species. In this review, we discuss the available male sterility systems in Brassica vegetables and their potential use in hybrid breeding. The molecular mechanism of mt-CMS and causal mitochondrial genes of CMS has been discussed in detail. Finally, the exploitation of male sterility system in heterosis breeding of Brassica vegetables, future prospects and need for further understanding of these systems are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Singh
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - S S Dey
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Reeta Bhatia
- Division of Floriculture and Landscaping, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - T K Behera
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110012, India
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RAEGHI S, ROUHANI S, FASIHI HARANDI M, SPOTIN A, GHODSIAN S. Molecular Phylogenetic Variability of Fasciola gigantica in Iran. Iran J Public Health 2019; 48:740-747. [PMID: 31110985 PMCID: PMC6500528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fascioliasis is one of important zoonotic disease caused by Fasciola gigantica and F. hepatica. The final hosts of this parasite are ruminants and humans. Iran is one of the endemic areas in the world, about six million people at risk of infection. The aim of this study was to identify and determine the genetic diversity of Fasciola species in cattle after distinguish of their species. METHODS One hundred and seventeen liver specimens collected from naturally infected cattle in 5 geographical regions in 2014-2017. Flukes stained with Hematoxylin-Carmine dye to examine for the existence of sperm within seminal vesicles. DNA was extracted from each individual, and ITS1, ND1and CO1 genes were amplified using specific primers. For discrimination of Fasciola species, ITS1 PCR-RFLP was used based on digestion pattern of RsaI enzyme. Genetic analyses and diversity and neutrality indices estimated by Dnasp5 based on NDI. RESULTS Six nonspermic and 111 spermic flukes were diagnosed. All of nonspermic specimens were F. gigantica and collected from South East, South West and North West of Iran. Genetic haplotype diversity has been observed in F. gigantica based on ND1. Fst value analysis showed that minimum and maximum genetic difference between Iranian F. gigantica with Bangladesh (F st = 0.01414) and Egypt (F st = 0.36653) respectively. CONCLUSION It is the first report of existing of nonspermic Fasciola. High haplotype and nucleotide diversity could be due to ecological factors in life cycle, animal migration and coexisting of the final host of this parasite. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity of spermic F. gigantica in Iran and other countries in the world led to creating a variety of haplogroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber RAEGHI
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Soheila ROUHANI
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author:
| | - Majid FASIHI HARANDI
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Adel SPOTIN
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sahar GHODSIAN
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wangpermtam P, Petmitr S, Punyarit P, Klongnoi B, Sanguansin S. Down-regulation of mitochondrial NADH and cytochrome b gene associated with high tumor stages in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 99:107-112. [PMID: 30658318 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine mitochondrial mRNA expression levels and the relationships between these expression levels and various adverse clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS The mRNA expression levels of all 12 genes encoded protein, located on the heavy-strand of mitochondrial DNA including cytochrome b, NADH1, NADH2, NADH3, NADH4, NADH4L, NADH5, ATPase6, ATPase8, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 were analyzed in 30 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and the corresponding normal tissues using reverse transcriptase quantitative real time PCR. Pearson Chi-square test was used to determine the relationships between these expression levels and categorical parameters. RESULTS The expression levels of 12 mitochondrial mRNAs were observed in all 30 HNSCC patients with down-regulation, ranging from 43.3% to 76.7% and up-regulation, ranging from 10.0% to 36.7%. Furthermore, the number of cases with down-regulations in all 6 NADH and cytochrome b mRNA with TMN stages III and IV were significantly higher than that in stages I and II (p=0.049 and 0.007, respectively). CONCLUSION Down-regulation of all mitochondrial NADH mRNA as well as mitochondrial cytochrome b mRNA was associated with high tumor stage among HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Songsak Petmitr
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phaibul Punyarit
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Army Institute of Pathology, Phramongkutklao Medical Center and Pathology Division, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Surgery, Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Boworn Klongnoi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirima Sanguansin
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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MATINI M, FALLAH M, MAGHSOOD AH, SAIDIJAM M, FASIHI HARANDI M. Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto in Livestock and Human in Hamadan, Western Iran. Iran J Parasitol 2019; 14:288-296. [PMID: 31543917 PMCID: PMC6737375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis, a major public health and economic concern, is a zoonotic helminth infection with worldwide distribution. This study was conducted to investigate the genetic characteristics of hydatid cysts isolated from human and livestock in Hamadan region, western Iran during 2016-2017. METHODS Ten human hydatid cysts and 40 animal hydatid cysts including 32 sheep, 5 cattle and 3 goats were genotyped by PCR amplification of two mitochondrial genes, cox1 and nad1. Genetic identification of the isolates was performed by using bioinformatics software and mtDNA nucleotide sequences of the parasite, available in GenBank database. RESULTS The PCR amplification was successfully carried out on 50 hydatid cyst isolates and then the nucleotide sequencing was conducted. The sequence analysis of the samples found that the isolates belonged to E. granulosus sensu stricto including G1 (42/50, 84%), G2 (4/50, 8%) and G3 (4/50, 8%) genotype. The G1 genotype was detected in human (8/10, 80%), sheep (26/32, 81%), cattle (5/5, 100%) and goat (3/3, 100%) hydatid cysts. The G2 and G3 genotypes were found only in sheep and human isolates. Alignment analysis of the cox1 and nad1 gene sequences revealed thirteen and ten sequence types, respectively. CONCLUSION G1 was the prevailing genotype of E. granulosus in the area and dog-sheep transmission cycle should be considered when implementing hydatidosis control programs. In addition, high genetic diversity was detected among the hydatid cyst isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad MATINI
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran,Correspondence
| | - Mohammad FALLAH
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein MAGHSOOD
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Massoud SAIDIJAM
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Majid FASIHI HARANDI
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Coimbra-Dores MJ, Maia-Silva M, Marques W, Oliveira AC, Rosa F, Dias D. Phylogenetic insights on Mediterranean and Afrotropical Rhipicephalus species (Acari: Ixodida) based on mitochondrial DNA. Exp Appl Acarol 2018; 75:107-128. [PMID: 29605833 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-018-0254-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A multigene phylogeny including 24 Rhipicephalus species from the Afrotropical and Mediterranean regions, based on mitochondrial DNA genes (COI, 12S and 16S), was constructed based on Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood estimations. The phylogenetic reconstruction revealed 31 Rhipicephalus clades, which include the first molecular records of Rhipicephalus duttoni (Neumann), and Rhipicephalus senegalensis (Koch). Our results support the R. pulchellus, R. evertsi and R. pravus complexes as more phylogenetically close to Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) than to the remaining Rhipicephalus clades, suggesting two main monophyletic groups within the genus. Additionally, the phenotypic resembling R. sanguineus s.l. and Rhipicephalus turanicus (Pomerantsev) are here represented by nine clades, of which none of the R. turanicus assemblages appeared as distributed in the Iberian Peninsula. These results not only indicate that both species include more cryptic diversity than the already reported, but also suggest that R. turanicus distribution is less extended than previously anticipated. This analysis allowed to improve species identification by exposing cryptic species and reinforced mtDNA markers suitability for intra/inter-species clarification analyses. Incorporating new species molecular records to improve phylogenetic clarification can significantly improve ticks' identification methods which will have epidemiologic implications on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Coimbra-Dores
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Mariana Maia-Silva
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Wilson Marques
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Fernanda Rosa
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Deodália Dias
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
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Jin Y, Wo Y, Tong H, Song S, Zhang L, Brown RP. Evolutionary analysis of mitochondrially encoded proteins of toad-headed lizards, Phrynocephalus, along an altitudinal gradient. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:185. [PMID: 29510674 PMCID: PMC5840783 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Animals living at high altitude must adapt to environments with hypoxia and low temperatures, but relatively little is known about underlying genetic changes. Toad-headed lizards of the genus Phrynocephalus cover a broad altitudinal gradient of over 4000 m and are useful models for studies of such adaptive responses. In one of the first studies to have considered selection on mitochondrial protein-coding regions in an ectothermic group distributed over such a wide range of environments, we analysed nineteen complete mitochondrial genomes from all Chinese Phrynocephalus (including eight genomes sequenced for the first time). Initial analyses used site and branch-site model (program: PAML) approaches to examine nonsynonymous: synonymous substitution rates across the mtDNA tree. Results Ten positively selected sites were discovered, nine of which corresponded to subunits ND2, ND3, ND4, ND5, and ND6 within the respiratory chain enzyme mitochondrial Complex I (NADH Coenzyme Q oxidoreductase). Four of these sites showed evidence of general long-term selection across the group while the remainder showed evidence of episodic selection across different branches of the tree. Some of these branches corresponded to increases in altitude and/or latitude. Analyses of physicochemical changes in protein structures revealed that residue changes at sites that were under selection corresponded to major functional differences. Analyses of coevolution point to coevolution of selected sites within the ND4 subunit, with key sites associated with proton translocation across the mitochondrial membrane. Conclusions Our results identify mitochondrial Complex I as a target for environment-mediated selection in this group of lizards, a complex that frequently appears to be under selection in other organisms. This makes these lizards good candidates for more detailed future studies of molecular evolution. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4569-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanting Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yubin Wo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Tong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Song
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Richard P Brown
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
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Hu L, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Niu D, Yang R, Wang R, Lu Z, Li X. DNA barcoding for molecular identification of Demodex based on mitochondrial genes. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:3285-90. [PMID: 29032499 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
There has been no widely accepted DNA barcode for species identification of Demodex. In this study, we attempted to solve this issue. First, mitochondrial cox1-5' and 12S gene fragments of Demodex folloculorum, D. brevis, D. canis, and D. caprae were amplified, cloned, and sequenced for the first time; intra/interspecific divergences were computed and phylogenetic trees were reconstructed. Then, divergence frequency distribution plots of those two gene fragments were drawn together with mtDNA cox1-middle region and 16S obtained in previous studies. Finally, their identification efficiency was evaluated by comparing barcoding gap. Results indicated that 12S had the higher identification efficiency. Specifically, for cox1-5' region of the four Demodex species, intraspecific divergences were less than 2.0%, and interspecific divergences were 21.1-31.0%; for 12S, intraspecific divergences were less than 1.4%, and interspecific divergences were 20.8-26.9%. The phylogenetic trees demonstrated that the four Demodex species clustered separately, and divergence frequency distribution plot showed that the largest intraspecific divergence of 12S (1.4%) was less than cox1-5' region (2.0%), cox1-middle region (3.1%), and 16S (2.8%). The barcoding gap of 12S was 19.4%, larger than cox1-5' region (19.1%), cox1-middle region (11.3%), and 16S (13.0%); the interspecific divergence span of 12S was 6.2%, smaller than cox1-5' region (10.0%), cox1-middle region (14.1%), and 16S (11.4%). Moreover, 12S has a moderate length (517 bp) for sequencing at once. Therefore, we proposed mtDNA 12S was more suitable than cox1 and 16S to be a DNA barcode for classification and identification of Demodex at lower category level.
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Wu C, Zhang W, Ran B, Fan H, Wang H, Guo B, Zhou C, Shao Y, Zhang W, Giraudoux P, Knapp J, Wen H, Kuang L, Li J. Genetic variation of mitochondrial genes among Echinococcus multilocularis isolates collected in western China. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:265. [PMID: 28558809 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a life-threatening human disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis transmitted between rodents and dogs/foxes in the Northern Hemisphere. The study aims to identify the genetic variation of the parasite in AE patients from China. Methods E. multilocularis isolates were collected from wild small mammals (n = 6) and AE patients (n = 56) from western China. Genomic DNA was extracted from different tissue samples including paraffin tissue blocks, ethanol fixed tissues and frozen tissues surgically removed. Two mitochondrial gene fragments (526 bp for cob and 474 bp for nad2) of E. multilocularis were amplified and sequenced. Results The parasite fragment sequences of cob fragments from AE patients showed two haplotypes, and nad2 gene fragment sequences had four haplotypes. The gene sequences from Microtus sp. were 100% identical to the sequences of some isolates from AE patients. These haplotypes were distributed in both Qinghai and Xinjiang provinces. Alignment analysis with the sequences from the GenBank databases showed five genotypes including three Asian genotypes, one from Europe and one from North America. Conclusions Most AE patients harbored the Asian genotype 1 which may be an indication of its relative frequency in the definitive hosts and the environment or of its pathogenicity to humans, which calls for further research.
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Lalrohlui F, Thapa S, Ghatak S, Zohmingthanga J, Senthil Kumar N. Mitochondrial complex I and V gene polymorphisms in type II diabetes mellitus among high risk Mizo-Mongoloid population, Northeast India. Genes Environ 2016; 38:5. [PMID: 27350825 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-016-0034-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study was carried out to identify the polymorphisms in mitochondrial genes (ATPase and ND1) in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) from Mizo population and to correlate the involvement of demographic factors. Findings In the present study, 58 patients and 50 healthy volunteers were considered. The mutations observed were mostly base substitutions and were similar as reported for other populations. Three mutations are unreported and were found to be novel polymorphisms for diabetic disease. One heteroplasmic variation (MT3970 C > T) was found in 36.36 % of samples. Subjects with excessive smoked meat consumption and customary habit of smoking (ORs: 4.92; 95 % CI: 0.96–25.21) were found to be more prone to T2DM. Mitochondrial genes sequence analysis revealed the genetic variability between the healthy and diabetic samples. Conclusion Mitochondrial ATPase and ND1 gene polymorphisms may be involved in triggering the risk for T2DM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s41021-016-0034-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Brown N, Alkhayer K, Clements R, Singhal N, Gregory R, Azzam S, Li S, Freeman E, McDonough J. Neuronal Hemoglobin Expression and Its Relevance to Multiple Sclerosis Neuropathology. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 59:1-17. [PMID: 26809286 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0711-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by demyelination and progressive neurological disability. Previous studies have reported defects to mitochondria in MS including decreased expression of nuclear encoded electron transport chain subunit genes and inhibition of respiratory complexes. We previously reported increased levels of the hemoglobin β subunit (Hbb) in mitochondrial fractions isolated from postmortem MS cortex compared to controls. In the present study, we performed immunohistochemistry to determine the distribution of Hbb in postmortem MS cortex and identified proteins which interact with Hbb by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We found that Hbb was enriched in pyramidal neurons in internal layers of the cortex and interacts with subunits of ATP synthase, histones, and a histone lysine demethylase. We also found that Hbb is present in the nucleus and that expression of Hbb in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells increased trimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 4 (H3K4me3), a histone mark that regulates cellular metabolism. These data suggest that Hbb may be a part of a mechanism linking neuronal energetics with epigenetic changes to histones in the nucleus and may provide neuroprotection in MS by supporting neuronal metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Kholoud Alkhayer
- Department of Biological Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Robert Clements
- Department of Biological Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Naveen Singhal
- Department of Biological Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Roger Gregory
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Sausan Azzam
- Proteomics Core, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Biological Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Ernest Freeman
- Department of Biological Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Jennifer McDonough
- Department of Biological Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
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Krakowetz CN, Sproat A, Lindsay LR, Chilton NB. Sequence variability in the mitochondrial 12S rRNA and tRNA Val genes of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) individuals shown previously to be genetically invariant. Mol Cell Probes 2015; 29:177-81. [PMID: 25863143 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The DNA sequences of the mitochondrial (mt) 12S rRNA and tRNA(Val) genes were characterized for 82 blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) that were genetically identical for Domains IV and V of the mt 16S rRNA gene. Thirty-one haplotypes, differed in sequence by 1-9 bp, were detected among the 82 ticks. Most nucleotide alterations in DNA sequence did not affect the stability of the secondary structures of the RNAs. The magnitude of the DNA sequence variation in the mt 12S rRNA and tRNA(Val) genes among blacklegged ticks suggests that this region of the mitochondrial genome has potential as a genetic marker for examining the population genetics and phylogeography of I. scapularis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantel N Krakowetz
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Allison Sproat
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - L Robbin Lindsay
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Neil B Chilton
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
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Sanna D, Addis A, Scarpa F, Fabiano F, Carcupino M, Francalacci P. First insights on the mitochondrial genetic variability of Lightiella magdalenina (Crustacea), the sole Mediterranean cephalocarid species. J Biol Res (Thessalon) 2014; 21:5. [PMID: 25984488 PMCID: PMC4376088 DOI: 10.1186/2241-5793-21-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here we report the first insight into the mitochondrial (Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I - COI and Cytochrome b - Cyt b) genetic variation of the only Mediterranean cephalocarid Lightiella magdalenina. FINDINGS COI sequences provide a scenario of low intraspecific variability, while significant genetic divergence occurs between L. magdalenina and L. incisa. Interestingly, Cyt b sequences reveal a higher degree of intraspecific variability, with no shared haplotypes between the sites considered. CONCLUSIONS In the future, COI and Cyt b molecular markers could be used as valuable tools to shed new light into the extant species within the genus Lightiella thus providing molecular support to the taxonomical identifications carried out on a morphological basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Sanna
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio - Sezione di Zoologia, Archeozoologia e Genetica - Università di Sassari, Via Francesco Muroni 25, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto Addis
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio - Sezione di Zoologia, Archeozoologia e Genetica - Università di Sassari, Via Francesco Muroni 25, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Fabio Scarpa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio - Sezione di Zoologia, Archeozoologia e Genetica - Università di Sassari, Via Francesco Muroni 25, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesca Fabiano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio - Sezione di Zoologia, Archeozoologia e Genetica - Università di Sassari, Via Francesco Muroni 25, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Marcella Carcupino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio - Sezione di Zoologia, Archeozoologia e Genetica - Università di Sassari, Via Francesco Muroni 25, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Paolo Francalacci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio - Sezione di Zoologia, Archeozoologia e Genetica - Università di Sassari, Via Francesco Muroni 25, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Zhou T, Shen X, Irwin DM, Shen Y, Zhang Y. Mitogenomic analyses propose positive selection in mitochondrial genes for high-altitude adaptation in galliform birds. Mitochondrion 2014; 18:70-5. [PMID: 25110061 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Galliform birds inhabit very diverse habitats, including plateaus that are above 3000 m in altitude. At high altitude, lower temperature and hypoxia are two important factors influencing survival. Mitochondria, as the ultimate oxygen transductor, play an important role in aerobic respiration through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). We analyzed the mitochondrial genomes of six high-altitude phasianidae birds and sixteen low-altitude relatives in an attempt to determine the role of mitochondrial genes in high-altitude adaptation. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of these phasianidae birds and relatives and found at least four lineages that independently occupied this high-altitude habitat. Selective analyses revealed significant evidence for positive selection in the genes ND2, ND4, and ATP6 in three of the high-altitude lineages. This result strongly suggests that adaptive evolution of mitochondrial genes played a critical role during the independent acclimatization to high altitude by galliform birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taicheng Zhou
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Xuejuan Shen
- Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - David M Irwin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Yongyi Shen
- Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
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Anand A, Sharma K, Chen W, Sharma NK. Using current data to define new approach in age related macular degeneration: need to accelerate translational research. Curr Genomics 2014; 15:266-77. [PMID: 25132797 PMCID: PMC4133950 DOI: 10.2174/1389202915666140516204512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the major retinal degenerative disease of ageing whose complex genetic basis remains undeciphered. The involvement of various other factors like mitochondrial genes, cytoskeletal proteins and the role of epigenetics has been described in this review. Several population based AMD genetic studies have been carried out worldwide. Despite the increased publication of reports, clinical translation still eludes this davastating disease. We suggest models to address roadblocks in clinical translation hoping that these would be beneficial to drive AMD research towards innovative biomarkers and therapeutics Therefore, addressing the need large autopsy studies and combining it with efficient use of bioinformatic tools, statistical modeling and probing SNP-biomarker association are key to time bound resolution of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Anand
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kaushal Sharma
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA
| | - Neel Kamal Sharma
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, USA
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Boutellis A, Abi-Rached L, Raoult D. The origin and distribution of human lice in the world. Infect Genet Evol 2014; 23:209-17. [PMID: 24524985 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Two genera of lice parasitize humans: Pthirus and Pediculus. The latter is of significant public health importance and comprises two ecotypes: the body louse and the head louse. These ecotypes are morphologically and genetically notably similar; the body louse is responsible for three infectious diseases: Louse-borne epidemic typhus, relapsing fever, and trench fever. Mitochondrial DNA studies have shown that there are three obviously divergent clades of head lice (A, B and C), and only one clade of body lice is shared with head lice (clade A). Each clade has a unique geographic distribution. Lice have been parasitizing humans for millions of years and likely dispersed throughout the World with the human migrations out of Africa, so they can be good markers for studying human evolution. Here, we present an overview of the origin of human lice and their role in vector pathogenic bacteria that caused epidemics, and we review the association between lice clades and human migrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Boutellis
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes: URMITE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Abi-Rached
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d'Analyse, Topologie, Probabilités - Unité Mixte de Recherche 7353, Equipe ATIP, Aix-Marseille Université, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes: URMITE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France.
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Dong F, Li SH, Zou FS, Lei FM, Liang W, Yang JX, Yang XJ. Molecular systematics and plumage coloration evolution of an enigmatic babbler (Pomatorhinus ruficollis) in East Asia. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 70:76-83. [PMID: 24071558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The streak-breasted scimitar babbler, Pomatorhinus ruficollis, is a polytypic and taxonomically enigmatic babbler common in southern, eastern, and southeastern Asia. To infer the phylogeny of the P. ruficollis, we examined the sequences of two complete mitochondrial genes (2184 bp in total) from fourteen of the fifteen known subspecies, and an additional five nuclear genes (2657 bp in total) from ten subspecies. The mitochondrial phylogeny indicates four major clades with large geographical identity in P. ruficollis and paraphyly of the P. ruficollis species complex, with the inclusion of the olivaceus group of congeneric P. schisticeps. Together with their interbreeding in northern Indochina, we propose to lump this group into P. ruficollis. Analysis of both multilocus networks and species-tree inference recovered poor phylogenetic structure among mainland/ Hainan subspecies and exclusive groupings of the Taiwanese subspecies, consistent with the recent taxonomic revision of its species status. Our analyses also suggest strong incongruence between the morphological-based classification and molecular systematics, implying the strength of multilocus data for taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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