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Umarani MS, Wang D, O'Dwyer JP, D'Andrea R. A Spatial Signal of Niche Differentiation in Tropical Forests. Am Nat 2024; 203:445-457. [PMID: 38489774 DOI: 10.1086/729218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
AbstractExplaining diversity in tropical forests remains a challenge in community ecology. Theory tells us that species differences can stabilize communities by reducing competition, while species similarities can promote diversity by reducing fitness differences and thus prolonging the time to competitive exclusion. Combined, these processes may lead to clustering of species such that species are niche differentiated across clusters and share a niche within each cluster. Here, we characterize this partial niche differentiation in a tropical forest in Panama by measuring spatial clustering of woody plants and relating these clusters to local soil conditions. We find that species were spatially clustered and the clusters were associated with specific concentrations of soil nutrients, reflecting the existence of nutrient niches. Species were almost twice as likely to recruit in their own nutrient niche. A decision tree algorithm showed that local soil conditions correctly predicted the niche of the trees with up to 85% accuracy. Iron, zinc, phosphorus, manganese, and soil pH were among the best predictors of species clusters.
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2
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Osler AL, Alfredo KA, Mihelcic JR. Chlorine Water Taste Threshold and Acceptability among Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Populations in Rural Panama. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:5548-5556. [PMID: 38471095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Although gains in access to water services over the past two decades have been large, more than two billion people still lack access to safely managed drinking water. This study examines and compares free chlorine taste and acceptability thresholds of rural Indigenous Ngäbe and rural Latino Panamanians to study if taste aversion may be a limiting factor in chlorination of community systems in Panama using the three-alternative forced choice test methodology. This study is the first to establish a best-estimate taste threshold for a rural Indigenous group and the only study in Latin America to report best-estimate taste thresholds using those methods. Median taste thresholds were 0.87 mg/L Cl2 for Indigenous Ngäbe participants (n = 82) and 1.64 mg/L Cl2 for Latino participants (n = 64), higher than both the minimum concentration for biologically safe water (0.2 mg/L) and the recommended concentration range in Panama (0.3-0.8 mg/L). Median acceptability thresholds were established much higher than taste thresholds at 3.45 mg/L Cl2. The results show that the ability to accurately taste chlorine may not be the limiting factor for adoption of safe water initiatives in remote and Indigenous communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Osler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Katherine A Alfredo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - James R Mihelcic
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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3
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Fernández Capriles I, Armijos A, Angulo A, Schojan M, Wainberg ML, Bonz AG, Tol WA, Greene MC. Improving Retention in Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Interventions: An Analysis of Completion Rates across a Multi-Site Trial with Refugee, Migrant, and Host Communities in Latin America. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2024; 21:397. [PMID: 38673310 PMCID: PMC11049853 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Research on mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) interventions within refugee and migrant communities has increasingly focused on evaluating implementation, including identifying strategies to promote retention in services. This study examines the relationship between participant characteristics, study setting, and reasons for intervention noncompletion using data from the Entre Nosotras feasibility trial, a community-based MHPSS intervention targeting refugee, migrant, and host community women in Ecuador and Panama that aimed to promote psychosocial wellbeing. Among 225 enrolled women, approximately half completed the intervention, with varying completion rates and reasons for nonattendance across study sites. Participants who were older, had migrated for family reasons, had spent more time in the study community, and were living in Panamá (vs. Ecuador) were more likely to complete the intervention. The findings suggest the need to adapt MHPSS interventions to consider the duration of access to the target population and explore different delivery modalities including the role of technology and cellular devices as reliable or unreliable source for engaging with participants. Engaging younger, newly arrived women is crucial, as they showed lower completion rates. Strategies such as consulting scheduling preferences, providing on-site childcare, and integrating MHPSS interventions with other programs could enhance intervention attendance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Fernández Capriles
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | | | | | | | - Milton L. Wainberg
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Annie G. Bonz
- HIAS, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (M.S.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Wietse A. Tol
- Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1172 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Athena Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Claire Greene
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA;
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4
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McDermid P, Blazek K, Mougin N, Thomson A, Seale H. Attitudes and behaviors of maternal Tdap vaccination in Panama, Peru, and Colombia: An international cross-sectional study. Vaccine 2024; 42:1698-1703. [PMID: 38355320 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite a recommendation by PAHO for Tdap vaccination in pregnant women since 2019, uptake remains suboptimal across Latin America. This study evaluated the knowledge and attitudes of women towards maternal Tdap vaccination in Colombia, Peru, and Panama to identify the critical behavioral and social drivers of Tdap vaccine uptake during pregnancy. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was undertaken between December 8, 2022, and January 11, 2023, targeting women in Colombia, Peru, or Panama with a child 12 months or under. We collected data on respondents' demographics, social and behavioral determinants of vaccine acceptance, determinants of vaccine uptake (using the validated 5As taxonomy), and previous vaccination experience. RESULTS In the 938 respondents who completed the survey (Panama, n = 325; Peru, n = 305; Colombia, n = 308), 73-80 % had received the influenza vaccine, whereas only 30-39 % had received a Tdap vaccine. Significant correlates of Tdap vaccine uptake common to all three countries included a health professional recommendation, knowledge of the vaccine and location of vaccination, perceived vulnerability to pertussis infection, perceived importance of immunization, and receipt of a reminder. In specific countries, nonvaccinated women were more likely to cite issues with ease of access (Panama, Colombia), affordability (opportunity costs; Peru, Colombia), and understanding the rationale for vaccination in pregnancy (Panama, Colombia). CONCLUSION To increase maternal Tdap vaccine uptake, health professionals should be encouraged to recommend vaccination consistently, and pregnant women should receive reminders explaining why and where to be vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pippa McDermid
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katrina Blazek
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Angus Thomson
- Irimi Company, Lyon, France; Department of Communication Studies & Global Health Communication Center, Indiana University School of Liberal Arts at IUPUI, USA
| | - Holly Seale
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia.
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5
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Braunold J. How Racism and "Tropical Medicine" Built the Panama Canal. AMA J Ethics 2024; 26:E179-183. [PMID: 38306208 DOI: 10.1001/amajethics.2024.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
At the turn of the 20th century, the physician William Gorgas led work that substantially mitigated mortality from mosquito-borne diseases among workers building the Panama Canal. The waterway launched the United States to political and economic superpower status by eliminating the need for risky maritime travel around the southern tip of South America, expediting exportation of US goods in international markets. Yet, as this article explains, innovations that curbed malaria and yellow fever were deeply rooted in racist foundations of capital and empire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorie Braunold
- Archivist for the American Medical Association in Chicago, Illinois
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6
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Campos-Quintero A, Lalire AL, Morales L, Sinistterra S, Fernández N. Initial experience using NIT-OCCLUD ® PDA-R device for percutaneous patent ductus arteriosus closure in Panama. Arch Cardiol Mex 2024; 94:104-106. [PMID: 38507334 DOI: 10.24875/acm.22000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Campos-Quintero
- Departamento de Cardiología Pediátrica, Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel
| | - Ana L Lalire
- Unidad de Cardiología, Hospital Pacífica Salud. Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Luis Morales
- Departamento de Cardiología Pediátrica, Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel
| | - Scarlet Sinistterra
- Departamento de Cardiología Pediátrica, Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel
| | - Néstor Fernández
- Departamento de Cardiología Pediátrica, Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel
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7
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Villarreal A JC, Villarreal NB, De León LF. Panama says no to more mining - a win for environmentalists. Nature 2024; 625:30. [PMID: 38168949 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-04165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
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8
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Sauceda-V J, Takiya DM. On the sharpshooter genus Yunga Melichar, 1924 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae): descriptions of a new species from Panama and of the internal female terminalia of Y. cartwrighti Young, 1968 and Y. coriacea Stl, 1864. Zootaxa 2023; 5389:434-444. [PMID: 38221012 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Yunga Melichar, 1924, is a little-known genus that currently includes three valid species distributed in North America (Mexico), Central America (Costa Rica, Panama), and northern South America (Colombia). A new species of this genus, Y. andresi sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on a single male specimen collected in Bocas del Toro province, Panama. This species can be distinguished from other species of the genus by the following combination of features: (1) apex of style curved inwards, hook-like; (2) aedeagal shaft with paired basal dorsolateral processes, spine-like and short, not extending beyond gonopore; (3) dorsoapical process robust, hook-shaped in lateral view, ending curved and acute; and 4) paraphyses paired, each robust and trifurcate with rami of unequal sizes and thickness. The female genitalia of Y. cartwrighti Young, 1968 and Y. coriacea Stl, 1864 are described and illustrated for the first time. Finally, a distribution map for the species of Yunga, as well as an updated key to species identification, are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Sauceda-V
- Laboratrio de Entomologia; Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil; Programa de Ps-graduao em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Grupo de Entomologa Universidad de Antioquia (GEUA); Universidad de Antioquia; Medelln; Colombia.
| | - Daniela M Takiya
- Laboratrio de Entomologia; Departamento de Zoologia; Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro; RJ; Brazil.
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9
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Sinacore K, García EH, Finkral A, van Breugel M, Lopez OR, Espinosa C, Miller A, Howard T, Hall JS. Mixed success for carbon payments and subsidies in support of forest restoration in the neotropics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8359. [PMID: 38102119 PMCID: PMC10724297 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Restoration of forests in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has the potential to contribute to international carbon mitigation targets. However, high upfront costs and variable cashflows are obstacles for many landholders. Carbon payments have been promoted as a mechanism to incentivize restoration and economists have suggested cost-sharing by third parties to reduce financial burdens of restoration. Yet empirical evidence to support this theory, based on robust, dynamic field sampling is lacking. Here we use large, long-term datasets from Panama to evaluate the financial prospects of three forest restoration methods under different cost-sharing and carbon payment designs where income is generated through timber harvests. We show some, but not all options are economically viable. Further work combining growth and survival data from field trials with more sophisticated financial analyses is essential to understanding barriers and realizing the potential of forest restoration in LMICs to help meet global carbon mitigation commitments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Sinacore
- Rohr Fellow, Agua Salud Project, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panamá, Panamá.
| | - Edwin H García
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Ciencias Biológicas, Panamá, Panamá
| | | | - Michiel van Breugel
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, AS2-03-01, 1 Arts Link Singapore, 117568, Singapore, Singapore
- Yale-NUS College, College Avenue West, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Omar R Lopez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT), Edificio, 209, Clayton, Panamá
| | | | - Andrea Miller
- Geoversity and Sostante, Nature-Based Learning, Clayton, Panamá, Panamá
| | | | - Jefferson S Hall
- ForestGEO, Agua Salud Project, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Panamá, Panamá
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10
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Sharpe DMT, Valverde MP, De León LF, Hendry AP, Torchin ME. Biological invasions alter the structure of a tropical freshwater food web. Ecology 2023; 104:e4173. [PMID: 37768609 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions are expected to alter food web structure, but there are limited empirical data directly comparing invaded versus uninvaded food webs, particularly in species-rich, tropical systems. We characterize for the first time the food web of Lake Gatun-a diverse and highly invaded tropical freshwater lake within the Panama Canal. We used stable isotope analysis to reconstruct the trophic structure of the fish community of Lake Gatun and to compare it to that of a minimally invaded reference lake, Lake Bayano. We found significant differences between the trophic structures of these two Neotropical lakes, notably that Lake Gatun's fish community was characterized by a longer food chain, greater isotopic diversity, a broader range of trophic positions and body sizes, and shifts in the isotopic positions of several native taxa relative to Lake Bayano. The degree of isotopic overlap between native and non-native trophic guilds in Lake Gatun was variable, with herbivores exhibiting the lowest (20%-29%) overlap and carnivores the greatest (81%-100%). Overall, our results provide some of the first empirical evidence for the ways in which multiple introduced and native species may partition isotopic space in a species-rich tropical freshwater food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M T Sharpe
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Marisol P Valverde
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Luis F De León
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Instituto de Investigaciones Cientificas y Servicios de Alta Tecnologia, Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Panama City, Panama
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mark E Torchin
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
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11
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Landires I, Castillero I, Ramos I, Núñez-Samudio V. Mining threatens health of Panama's environment. Science 2023; 382:1007-1008. [PMID: 38033073 DOI: 10.1126/science.adm7959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Landires
- Instituto de Ciencias Médicas, Las Tablas, Los Santos, Panama
| | - Irene Castillero
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Panama, Panama City, Panama, Panama
| | - Isaías Ramos
- Centro de Incidencia Ambiental de Panama (CIAM), Panama City, Panama, Panama
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12
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Huang J, Zhang X, Jiang X. Short-term power load forecasting based on the CEEMDAN-TCN-ESN model. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284604. [PMID: 37883410 PMCID: PMC10602357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ensuring an adequate electric power supply while minimizing redundant generation is the main objective of power load forecasting, as this is essential for the power system to operate efficiently. Therefore, accurate power load forecasting is of great significance to save social resources and promote economic development. In the current study, a hybrid CEEMDAN-TCN-ESN forecasting model based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) and higher-frequency and lower-frequency component reconstruction is proposed for short-term load forecasting research. In this paper, we select the historical national electricity load data of Panama as the research subject and make hourly forecasts of its electricity load data. The results show that the RMSE and MAE predicted by the CEEMDAN-TCN-ESN model on this dataset are 15.081 and 10.944, respectively, and R2 is 0.994. Compared to the second-best model (CEEMDAN-TCN), the RMSE is reduced by 9.52%, and the MAE is reduced by 17.39%. The hybrid model proposed in this paper effectively extracts the complex features of short-term power load data and successfully merges subseries according to certain similar features. It learns the complex and varying features of higher-frequency series and the obvious regularity of the lower-frequency-trend series well, which could be applicable to real-world short-term power load forecasting work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuchu Jiang
- Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Chang YM, Rakshit S, Huang CH, Wu WH. Probabilistic approaches for investigating species co-occurrence from presence-absence maps. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15907. [PMID: 37719117 PMCID: PMC10503499 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In this research, we propose probabilistic approaches to identify pairwise patterns of species co-occurrence by using presence-absence maps only. In particular, the two-by-two contingency table constructed from a presence-absence map of two species would be sufficient to compute the test statistics and perform the statistical tests proposed in this article. Some previous studies have investigated species co-occurrence through incidence data of different survey sites. We focus on using presence-absence maps for a specific study plot instead. The proposed methods are assessed by a thorough simulation study. Methods A Chi-squared test is used to determine whether the distributions of two species are independent. If the null hypothesis of independence is rejected, the Chi-squared method can not distinguish positive or negative association between two species. We propose six different approaches based on either the binomial or Poisson distribution to obtain p-values for testing the positive (or negative) association between two species. When we test to investigate a positive (or negative) association, if the p-value is below the predetermined level of significance, then we have enough evidence to support that the two species are positively (or negatively) associated. Results A simulation study is conducted to demonstrate the type-I errors and the testing powers of our approaches. The probabilistic approach proposed by Veech (2013) is served as a benchmark for comparison. The results show that the type-I error of the Chi-squared test is close to the significance level when the presence rate is between 40% and 80%. For extremely low or high presence rate data, one of our approaches outperforms Veech (2013)'s in terms of the testing power and type-I error rate. The proposed methods are applied to a tree data of Barro Colorado Island in Panama and a tree data of Lansing Woods in USA. Both positive and negative associations are found among some species in these two real data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Mei Chang
- Department of Statistics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Suman Rakshit
- School of Electrical Engineering, Computing and Mathematical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Biometry and Agriculture Data Analytics, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chun-Hung Huang
- Department of Statistics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Statistics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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14
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Van Caenegem W, Blondelle A, Dumolein I, Santamaria B, Dick CW, Hiller T, Liu J, Quandt CA, Villarreal Saucedo RV, Verbeken A, Haelewaters D. Five new species of Gloeandromyces (Fungi, Laboulbeniales) from tropical American bat flies (Diptera, Streblidae), revealed by morphology and phylogenetic reconstruction. Mycologia 2023; 115:714-737. [PMID: 37589548 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2230114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes and illustrates five new species of Gloeandromyces (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales) associated with tropical American bat flies (Diptera, Streblidae). These are Gloeandromyces cusucoensis sp. nov. from Trichobius uniformis in Costa Rica and Honduras, G. diversiformis sp. nov. from Strebla wiedemanni in Costa Rica, G. plesiosaurus sp. nov. from Trichobius yunkeri in Panama, G. pseudodickii sp. nov. from Trichobius longipes in Ecuador and Panama, and G. verbekeniae sp. nov. from Strebla galindoi in Ecuador and Panama. The description of these five species doubles the number of known species in the genus. Morphological characteristics, host association, and a three-locus (18S nuc rDNA, 28S nuc rDNA, TEF1) phylogenetic reconstruction support placement of these taxa in the genus Gloeandromyces. Three of the new species are polymorphic; they have multiple morphotypes that grow in specific positions on the host integument: G. diversiformis f. diversiformis, f. musiformis, and f. vanillicarpiformis; G. plesiosaurus f. asymmetricus and f. plesiosaurus; and G. verbekeniae f. verbekeniae and f. inflexus. Finally, a dichotomous key to all species and morphotypes is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warre Van Caenegem
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Aimée Blondelle
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Iris Dumolein
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Brianna Santamaria
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Carl W Dick
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky 42101
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois 60605
| | - Thomas Hiller
- Department of Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - C Alisha Quandt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | | | - Annemieke Verbeken
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Danny Haelewaters
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309
- Herbario UCH, Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, Apartado Postal 0427, David, Panama
- Centro de Investigaciones Micológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, Apartado Postal 0427, David, Panama
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15
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Comita LS, Aguilar S, Hubbell SP, Pérez R. Long-term seedling and small sapling census data from the Barro Colorado Island 50 ha Forest Dynamics Plot, Panama. Ecology 2023; 104:e4140. [PMID: 37461360 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests are well known for their high woody plant diversity. Processes occurring at early life stages are thought to play a critical role in maintaining this high diversity and shaping the composition of tropical tree communities. To evaluate hypothesized mechanisms promoting tropical tree species coexistence and influencing composition, we initiated a census of woody seedlings and small saplings in the permanent 50 ha Forest Dynamics Plot (FDP) on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. Situated in old-growth, lowland tropical moist forest, the BCI FDP was originally established in 1980 to monitor trees and shrubs ≥1 cm diameter at 1.3 m above ground (dbh) at ca. 5-year intervals. However, critical data on the dynamics occurring at earlier life stages were initially lacking. Therefore, in 2001 we established a 1-m2 seedling plot in the center of every 5 × 5 m section of the BCI FDP. All freestanding woody individuals ≥20 cm tall and <1 cm dbh (hereafter referred to as seedlings) were tagged, mapped, measured, and identified to species in 19,313 1-m2 seedling plots. Because seedling dynamics are rapid, we censused these seedling plots every 1-2 years. Here, we present data from the 14 censuses of these seedling plots conducted between the initial census in 2001 to the most recent census, in 2018. This data set includes nearly 1 M observations of ~185,000 individuals of >400 tree, shrub, and liana species. These data will permit spatially-explicit analyses of seedling distributions, recruitment, growth, and survival for hundreds of woody plant species. In addition, the data presented here can be linked to openly-available, long-term data on the dynamics of trees and shrubs ≥1 cm dbh in the BCI FDP, as well as existing data sets from the site on climate, canopy structure, phylogenetic relatedness, functional traits, soil nutrients, and topography. This data set can be freely used for non-commercial purposes; we request that users of these data cite this data paper in all publications resulting from the use of this data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza S Comita
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, Panama
| | | | - Stephen P Hubbell
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, Panama
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rolando Pérez
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá, Panama
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16
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Omelko MM. Two new species of Kiekie Polotow & Brescovit, 2018 (Araneae: Ctenidae) from the highlands of Panama. Zootaxa 2023; 5323:275-284. [PMID: 38220966 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Two new species, Kiekie almae sp. n. and K. dietrichi sp. n. are described based on both sexes collected in highlands of Central America (Panama). Live males and females of both species were photographed in situ. A distribution map of all Panamanian Kiekie species is given based on new and literature-derived records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail M Omelko
- Federal Scientific Center of East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity; Far Eastern Branch; Russian Academy of Sciences; Vladivostok 690022.
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17
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Stephan D, Bueno VM, Caira JN. NOVELTY AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE SERENDIPEIDAE (CESTODA: "TETRAPHYLLIDEA"). J Parasitol 2023; 109:423-435. [PMID: 37642324 PMCID: PMC10658876 DOI: 10.1645/22-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoduplicibothrium n. gen. is erected for the subgroup containing the smallest members of the "tetraphyllidean" family Serendipeidae with bothridia fused lengthwise in 2 pairs that lack both a distinct row of posterior loculi and a cephalic peduncle. Two new species in this genus are described. These are Nanoduplicibothrium leanneae n. gen. n. sp. from Rhinoptera bonasus off South Carolina and Nanoduplicibothrium megaphallum n. sp. from Rhinoptera jayakari off Mozambique. Two species currently assigned to Duplicibothrium are transferred to the new genus as Nanoduplicibothrium paulum n. comb and Nanoduplicibothrium jillae n. comb. and the diagnosis of Duplicibothrium is emended so that it aligns with the revised membership of the group. Duplicibothrium bilai n. sp. is also described from R. jayakari off Mozambique. The description of these species provides formal names for 3 species included in previously published molecular phylogenetic work under the provisional names Duplicibothrium n. sp. 2, Duplicibothrium n. sp. 4, and Duplicibothrium n. sp. 5, respectively. Erection of the new genus substantially reduces the number of instances of congeners in the family parasitizing the same host species because in most instances the pairs of species now represent 1 species each in Nanoduplicibothrium and Duplicibothrium. Sequence data for the D1-D3 region of the 28S rDNA gene were generated for Serendip for the first time from an undescribed species from Aetomylaeus asperrimus collected off Panama. This finding also expands the known host associations of the Serendipeidae beyond the Rhinopteridae to include a species of Myliobatidae. A maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis of all species of serendipeids for which data for the D1-D3 region of the 28S rDNA gene are available confirms the reciprocal monophyly of Nanoduplicibothrium, Duplicibothrium, and Serendip. The phylogenetic placement of the fourth genus in the family-the monotypic Glyphobothrium-remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Stephan
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 75 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3043, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3043
| | - Veronica M Bueno
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 75 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3043, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3043
| | - Janine N Caira
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 75 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3043, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3043
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18
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Smith DR, Cambra RA, Añino YJ. A new species of Pristaulacus Kieffer from Panama (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae). Zootaxa 2023; 5315:94-96. [PMID: 37518616 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5315.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David R Smith
- Department of Entomology; National Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Institution; Washington; D.C. 20013-7012; USA.
| | - Roberto A Cambra
- Museo de Invertebrados G. B. Fairchild; Universidad de Panamá; Panamá 0824; Apartado 00017; República de Panamá.
| | - Yostin J Añino
- Coiba Scientific Station; City of Knowledge; Calle Gustavo Lara; Bld. 145B; Clayton; 0843-01853; República de Panamá.
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19
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Cáceres L, Ayarza C, Bernal D. Evaluation of the biological efficacy and susceptibility in Aedes aegypti to the pyrethroid insecticides deltamethrin and cyfluthrin during the Zika virus outbreak in Kuna Yala, Panama. Biomedica 2023; 43:222-243. [PMID: 37433163 PMCID: PMC10506694 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. The development of resistance to insecticides in Aedes aegypti represents a major threat to public health. Surveillance and monitoring of the behavior of bioefficacy and susceptibility of insecticides is of fundamental importance to prolong the useful life of insecticide molecules. Objective. To evaluate the bioefficacy and susceptibility of the insecticides deltamethrin and cyfluthrin in Aedes aegypti during the zika epidemic outbreak in Kuna Yala, Panama. Methods and materials. The bioefficacy and susceptibility of deltamethrin and cyfluthrin in Aedes aegypti Ustupo using WHO standardized bioassays during the Zika epidemic outbreak in Kuna Yala, Panama. Results. In the bioassays with Aedes aegypti Ustupo, possible resistance to deltamethrin and cyfluthrin was observed, with a mortality rate of 95,3% and 94%, respectively. The bioefficacy results with Aedes aegypti Ustupo registered low bioefficacy of deltamethrin and cyfluthrin with average percentages of mortality in the intradomicile of 75% and 31,1%, respectively, while in the peridomicile it was 63,7% and 26,1%, respectively. Conclusion. The results of this study represent a challenge that the National Aedes Control Program must face in order to care for and maintain the toxic effect of insecticides applied against Aedes populations. It is necessary for the National Aedes Control Program to establish a resistance management program to evaluate resistance and its distribution in order to guarantee the sustainability of anti-vector interventions against Aedes populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cáceres
- Departamento de Entomología Médica, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.
| | - Cipriano Ayarza
- Sección de Control de Vectores, Región de Salud, Kuna Yala, Panamá.
| | - Damaris Bernal
- Departamento de Entomología Médica, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.
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20
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Gora EM, Schnitzer SA, Bitzer PM, Burchfield JC, Gutierrez C, Yanoviak SP. Lianas increase lightning-caused disturbance severity in a tropical forest. New Phytol 2023; 238:1865-1875. [PMID: 36951173 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lightning is an important agent of plant mortality and disturbance in forests. Lightning-caused disturbance is highly variable in terms of its area of effect and disturbance severity (i.e. tree damage and death), but we do not know how this variation is influenced by forest structure and plant composition. We used a novel lightning detection system to quantify how lianas influenced the severity and spatial extent (i.e. area) of lightning disturbance using 78 lightning strikes in central Panama. The local density of lianas (measured as liana basal area) was positively associated with the number of trees killed and damaged by lightning, and patterns of plant damage indicated that this occurred because lianas facilitated more electrical connections from large to small trees. Liana presence, however, did not increase the area of the disturbance. Thus, lianas increased the severity of lightning disturbance by facilitating damage to additional trees without influencing the footprint of the disturbance. These findings indicate that lianas spread electricity to damage and kill understory trees that otherwise would survive a strike. As liana abundance increases in tropical forests, their negative effects on tree survival with respect to the severity of lightning-related tree damage and death are likely to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Gora
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, NY, 12545, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panamá
| | - Stefan A Schnitzer
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panamá
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Phillip M Bitzer
- Department of Atmospheric and Earth Science, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Burchfield
- Earth System Science Center, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA
| | | | - Stephen P Yanoviak
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panamá
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40208, USA
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21
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Lebrija-Trejos E, Hernández A, Wright SJ. Effects of moisture and density-dependent interactions on tropical tree diversity. Nature 2023; 615:100-104. [PMID: 36792827 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Tropical tree diversity increases with rainfall1,2. Direct physiological effects of moisture availability and indirect effects mediated by biotic interactions are hypothesized to contribute to this pantropical increase in diversity with rainfall2-6. Previous studies have demonstrated direct physiological effects of variation in moisture availability on tree survival and diversity5,7-10, but the indirect effects of variation in moisture availability on diversity mediated by biotic interactions have not been shown11. Here we evaluate the relationships between interannual variation in moisture availability, the strength of density-dependent interactions, and seedling diversity in central Panama. Diversity increased with soil moisture over the first year of life across 20 annual cohorts. These first-year changes in diversity persisted for at least 15 years. Differential survival of moisture-sensitive species did not contribute to the observed changes in diversity. Rather, negative density-dependent interactions among conspecifics were stronger and increased diversity in wetter years. This suggests that moisture availability enhances diversity indirectly through moisture-sensitive, density-dependent conspecific interactions. Pathogens and phytophagous insects mediate interactions among seedlings in tropical forests12-18, and many of these plant enemies are themselves moisture-sensitive19-27. Changes in moisture availability caused by climate change and habitat degradation may alter these interactions and tropical tree diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Lebrija-Trejos
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa-Oranim, Kiryat Tiv'on, Israel.
| | | | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Panama
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22
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Yeager J, Derryberry GE, Blum MJ, Richards-Zawacki CL. Selection and Admixture in a Polytypic Aposematic Frog. Am Nat 2023; 201:215-228. [PMID: 36724462 DOI: 10.1086/722559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractPhenotypic differentiation within polytypic species is often attributed to selection, particularly when selection might be acting on a trait that serves as a signal for predator avoidance and mate choice. We evaluated this hypothesis by examining phenotypic and genotypic clines between populations of the strawberry poison frog Oophaga pumilio, a polytypic species that exhibits aposematic color pattern variation that is thought to be subject to both natural and sexual selection. Our aim was to assess the extent of admixture and to estimate the strength of selection acting on coloration across a region of Panama where monomorphic populations of distinctly colored frogs are separated by polymorphic populations containing both color variants alongside intermediately colored individuals. We detected sharp clinal transitions across the study region, which is an expected outcome of strong selection, but we also detected evidence of widespread admixture, even at sites far from the phenotypic transition zone. Additionally, genotypic and phenotypic clines were neither concordant nor coincident, and with one exception, selection coefficients estimated from cline attributes were small. These results suggest that strong selection is not required for the maintenance of phenotypic divergence within polytypic species, challenging the long-standing notion that strong selection is implicit in the evolution of warning signals.
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23
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Ávila MI, Vajda ÉA, Jeffrey Gutiérrez E, Gibson D, Renteria MM, Presley N, O'Reilly D, Tatarsky A, Lobo NF. Entomological Surveillance Planning Tool (ESPT)-generated actionable evidence on human and vector behaviours optimizes present interventions and reduces exposure to Anopheles vectors in two communities of Guna Yala, Panamá. Malar J 2023; 22:26. [PMID: 36698147 PMCID: PMC9875519 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although most of Panamá is free from malaria, localized foci of transmission persist, including in the Guna Yala region. Government-led entomological surveillance using an Entomological Surveillance Planning Tool (ESPT) sought to answer programmatically relevant questions on local entomological drivers of transmission and gaps in protection to guide local vector control decision-making. METHODS The ESPT was used to design a sampling plan to answer priority programmatic questions about the appropriateness of Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) and spaces and times where humans remain exposed to Anopheles bites (gaps in protection) in the communities of Permé and Puerto Obaldía, Guna Yala. Adult Anopheles were sampled at three time points via human landing catches (HLCs) during the rainy and dry seasons (2018/2019). Human behaviour observations (HBOs) were conducted alongside HLCs to examine intervention use, indoor versus outdoor activity, and sleeping patterns. HLC and HBO data were integrated to evaluate HBO-adjusted human biting rate (HBR). RESULTS A total of 7,431 adult Anopheles were collected across both sites. Of the 450 specimens molecularly confirmed to species-level, 75.5% (n = 340) were confirmed as Anopheles Nyssorhynchus albimanus, followed by Anopheles (Ny.) aquasalis. Anopheles host seeking activity was demonstrated to be primarily exophagic throughout all sampling periods and in both communities. When adjusted with HBOs, exposure to mosquito bites was predominantly indoors and overnight in Permé (Nov, Mar), compared to predominantly outdoors in Puerto Obaldía (Nov, Mar, Jul). Differences in site-specific human-vector exposure profiles were due to contrasting cultural and lifestyle practices between Permé and Puerto Obaldía (possibly partly influenced by the absence of electricity in Permé), and lower LLIN use in Permé. This evidence supported a previously planned LLIN campaign alongside a social behaviour change communication (SBCC) strategy in the Guna Yala Comarca (Jul 2019), which increased LLIN use. In turn, this led to a reduction of indoor exposure to mosquito bites, and a shift to predominant outdoor exposure to mosquito bites. CONCLUSION ESPT-based question-driven planning and the integration of HBOs, intervention, and HLC data generated evidence towards answering the programmatic questions. This evidence enabled the characterization of site-specific human-vector exposure profiles, and the quantification of remaining gaps in protection. These data also provide important insights into remaining gaps in protection that must be addressed to further reduce human exposure to mosquito bites at these sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario I Ávila
- Ministerio de Salud de Panamá (MINSA), Panama City, Panama
| | - Élodie A Vajda
- Malaria Elimination Initiative (MEI), University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA.
| | - Eileen Jeffrey Gutiérrez
- Malaria Elimination Initiative (MEI), University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - Daragh Gibson
- Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI), Panama City, Panama
| | | | - Nicolas Presley
- Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI), Panama City, Panama
| | | | - Allison Tatarsky
- Malaria Elimination Initiative (MEI), University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - Neil F Lobo
- Malaria Elimination Initiative (MEI), University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame (UND), Notre Dame, IN, USA
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24
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Kočárek P, Horká I. Cryptic diversity in Zoraptera: Latinozoros barberi (Gurney, 1938) is a complex of at least three species (Zoraptera: Spiralizoridae). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280113. [PMID: 36696450 PMCID: PMC9876274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The order Zoraptera contains relatively few species, but current molecular phylogenetic studies suggest an unexpectedly high level of cryptic diversity in the order with many overlooked species based on morphology alone. Latinozoros Kukalova-Peck & Peck, 1993 represents the only genus of monotypic Latinozorinae (Zoraptera: Spiralizoridae) with only one species described, L. barberi (Gurney, 1938), until now. Although this species has been repeatedly reported from a number of locations in South and Central America, it is likely a complex of unrecognized species. Here, we present a molecular phylogenetic reconstruction revealing three genetically distinct lineages in Latinozoros, and we also present detailed morphological comparisons that prove the species status of Latinozoros cacaoensis sp. nov. from French Guiana and L. gimmeli sp. nov. from the Dominican Republic, Trinidad and Panama. The results indicate that the species previously referred to L. barberi is actually a species complex that includes L. barberi, the new species described here, and perhaps other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kočárek
- Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Ivona Horká
- Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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25
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Rivas UE, Vinck EE, Jiménez OP, Vásquez M. Cardiovascular Surgery in Panama: Evolution and Training. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 35:69-72. [PMID: 34634442 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular surgery in Panama has depended on constant contributions and support from other developed countries. Although cardiac surgery has reached important milestones, cardiac surgery training is still evolving. Here, we provide a look into both the development and training of cardiac surgery in the Republic of Panama and the importance of international training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubaldo E Rivas
- Department of Surgery, Complejo Hospitalario Metropolitano Dr. Arnulfo Arias Madrid, Panama City, Panama.; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Pontifical Bolivarian University, Cardio VID Clinic, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Eric E Vinck
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Pontifical Bolivarian University, Cardio VID Clinic, Medellín, Colombia.; Department of Surgery and Cardiology, Dr. Horacio E. Oduber Hospitaal, Oranjestad, Aruba, Dutch Caribbean..
| | - Omán P Jiménez
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Pontifical Bolivarian University, Cardio VID Clinic, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Martin Vásquez
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Complejo Hospitalario Metropolitano Dr. Arnulfo Arias Madrid, Panama City, Panama
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López DP, Freestone AL. Biotic interactions shape trait assembly of marine communities across time and latitude. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20221838. [PMID: 36541174 PMCID: PMC9768644 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Assembly processes are highly dynamic with biotic filters operating more intensely at local scales, yet the strength of biotic interactions can vary across time and latitude. Predation, for example, can be stronger at lower latitudes, while competition can intensify at later stages of assembly due to resource limitation. Since biotic filters act upon functional traits of organisms, we explored trait-mediated community assembly in diverse marine assemblages from four regions along the Pacific coast of North and Central America. Using predator exclusion experiments and two assembly stages, we tested the hypotheses that non-random trait patterns would emerge during late assembly at all regions due to competition and at lower latitude regions regardless of assembly stage due to predation. As expected, trait divergence occurred in late assembly but only at higher latitude regions, while in tropical Panama, relaxed predation caused trait divergence during late assembly. Moreover, colonizing trait strategies were common during early assembly while competitive strategies were favoured during late assembly at higher latitude regions. Predation-resistant traits were only favoured in Panama during both assembly stages. Our large-scale manipulative study demonstrates that different biotic interactions across time and latitude can have important consequences for trait assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana P. López
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Amy L. Freestone
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
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27
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Smith-Guzmán NE. A paleoepidemiological approach to the challenging differential diagnosis of an isolated 1500-year-old anomalous molar from Panamá. Int J Paleopathol 2022; 39:1-13. [PMID: 36029689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study seeks to quantify the presence and prevalence of specific genetic and infectious diseases in the pre-Colombian Panamanian population and uses these data to consider the plausibility of these diseases as causative factors in the development of an abnormal supernumerary cusp morphology in a 1500-year-old isolated molar recovered from Cerro Juan Díaz (Los Santos, Panama). MATERIALS 267 individuals from pre-Columbian sites throughout Panama. METHODS The anomalous tooth was analyzed through macroscopic, odontometric, and radiographic means. Tentative differential diagnosis was performed using inferences from paleopathological features of the broader regional population. RESULTS The regional sample showed evidence of treponemal infection and developmental anomalies in 10.1% and 10.9% of individuals, respectively. CONCLUSIONS While not able to rule out three potential genetic conditions, more evidence was found to support the differential diagnosis of congenital syphilis as the causative agent leading to the development of abnormal supernumerary cusps in the isolated molar. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrates how characterizing disease experience in the population can assist in differential diagnoses at the individual level and cautions against the assumption that any one lesion in isolation is unique to only one specific pathological condition. LIMITATIONS The timing discrepancy between clinical descriptions of congenital syphilis and genetic disorders, lack of knowledge on pathophysiological mechanisms of the former, poor preservation of Treponema pathogen ancient DNA, and deficiencies in modern public health data from Panama limit the differential diagnosis. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Inclusion and serious contemplation of genetic diseases in paleopathological differential diagnoses is necessary.
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28
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VON Ellenrieder N. Metaleptobasis daiglei sp. nov. from Panama (Odonata: Coenagrionidae). Zootaxa 2022; 5196:433-442. [PMID: 37045069 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5196.3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Metaleptobasis daiglei sp. nov. (Holotype ♂: PANAMA, Colón Province, Portobelo District, palmetto/ banana swamp, west side of Río Piedras near town of María Chiquita, 10 am (9°27'4''N, 79°44'18''W, 10 m), 2 June 2022, Jerrell J. Daigle leg., in FSCA) is described, figured, and distinguished from other species. Both male and female can be recognized from all congeners by the presence of a lateral pit rimmed by an external ridge between anterior and middle lobes of pronotum on each side, and the male also by the presence of a well-developed ventral spur on cercus, which supports the placement of the genus in the Teinobasini sensu De Marmels (2007).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia VON Ellenrieder
- Plant Pest Diagnostics Center, California Department of Food & Agriculture, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832-1448, USA..
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Harrington AH, Sarmiento C, Zalamea PC, Dalling JW, Davis AS, Arnold AE. Acrogenospora terricola sp. nov., a fungal species associated with seeds of pioneer trees in the soil seed bank of a lowland forest in Panama. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [PMID: 36314898 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As currently circumscribed, Acrogenospora (Acrogenosporaceae, Minutisphaerales, Dothideomycetes) is a genus of saprobic hyphomycetes with distinctive conidia. Although considered common and cosmopolitan, the genus is poorly represented by sequence data, and no neotropical representatives are present in public sequence databases. Consequently, Acrogenospora has been largely invisible to ecological studies that rely on sequence-based identification. As part of an effort to identify fungi collected during ecological studies, we identified strains of Acrogenospora isolated in culture from seeds in the soil seed bank of a lowland tropical forest in Panama. Here we describe Acrogenospora terricola sp. nov. based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. We confirm that the genus has a pantropical distribution. The observation of Acrogenospora infecting seeds in a terrestrial environment contrasts with previously described species in the genus, most of which occur on decaying wood in freshwater environments. This work highlights the often hidden taxonomic value of collections derived from ecological studies of fungal communities and the ways in which rich sequence databases can shed light on the identity, distributions and diversity of cryptic microfungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison H Harrington
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Carolina Sarmiento
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Paul-Camilo Zalamea
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - James W Dalling
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Adam S Davis
- Department of Crop Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - A Elizabeth Arnold
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Lucey N, Aube C, Herwig A, Collin R. Compound Extreme Events Induce Rapid Mortality in a Tropical Sea Urchin. Biol Bull 2022; 243:239-254. [PMID: 36548978 DOI: 10.1086/722283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe frequency, magnitude, and duration of marine heatwaves and deoxygenation events are increasing globally. Recent research suggests that their co-occurrence is more common than previously thought and that their combination can have rapid, dire biological impacts. We used the sea urchin Echinometra lucunter to determine whether mortality occurs faster when deoxygenation events are combined with extreme heating (compound events), compared to deoxygenation events alone. We also tested whether prior exposure to local heatwave conditions accentuates the impacts of compound events. Animals were first exposed for five days to either ambient temperature (28 °C) or a warmer temperature that met the minimum criteria for a local heatwave (30.5 °C). Animals were then exposed to hypoxia, defined as oxygen levels 35% below their average critical oxygen limit, combined with ambient or extreme field temperatures (28 °C, 32 °C). Subsets of animals were removed from the hypoxic treatments every 3 hours for 24 hours to determine how long they could survive. Prior exposure to heatwave conditions did not help or hinder survival under hypoxic conditions, and animals exposed to hypoxia under ambient temperatures experienced little mortality. However, when hypoxia was coupled with extreme temperatures (32 °C), 55% of the animals died within 24 hours. On the reefs at our Panama study site, we found that extreme hypoxic conditions only ever occurred during marine heatwave events, with four compound events occurring in 2018. These results show that short durations (∼1 day) of compound events can be catastrophic and that increases in their duration will severely threaten sea urchin populations.
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Cambra RA, Williams KA, Bartholomay PR. Two New Species of Horcomutilla Casal, 1962 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), Description of Hitherto Unknown Males, and an Illustrated Key to All Known Species in the Genus. Neotrop Entomol 2022; 51:427-446. [PMID: 35474570 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Most holotype specimens of Horcomutilla and other non-type materials deposited in museums of the Americas and Europe were examined resulting in the recognition of 13 valid species in Horcomutilla occurring from Panama to southern Argentina. Six species are known from both sexes, six only from females and one only from the male. The new species Horcomutilla bernali Cambra & Williams, sp. nov., female and male, and Horcomutilla igriega Cambra & Williams, sp. nov., male, are described. The previously unknown males of H. denticeps (Spinola Spinola, Famille Mutillaires Latr Mem Acad Sci Turin 13:62-63, 1853) and H. piala Casal Casal, Physis 30:171-172, 1970, are recognized and described. Horcomutilla suis Casal Casal, Notas Mus La Plata, Zool 20:63-75, 1962 is recognized as a junior synonym of Horcomutilla denticeps (Spinola, Spinola, Famille Mutillaires Latr Mem Acad Sci Turin 13:62-63, 1853). Horcomutilla projectifrons (Cresson, Cresson, Trans Amer Ent Soc 28:1-82, 1902) is recognized as a junior synonym of Horcomutilla fronticornis (Burmeister, Burmeister, Abhandl Naturf Ges Halle 2:19-29, 1854). Horcomutilla toba Casal, Casal, Notas Mus La Plata, Zool 20:63-75, 1962 is recognized as a junior synonym of H. glabriceps (André, André, Anales Mus Nac Buenos Aires 3:169-214, 1908). The genus Horcomutilla is reported for the first time from Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Trinidad. An updated key for species of the genus is presented and diagnostic morphological characters to separate all species are illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto A Cambra
- Museo de Invertebrados G. B. Fairchild, Univ de Panamá, Panamá, 0824, Republic of Panama.
| | - Kevin A Williams
- California Dept of Food & Agriculture, Plant Pest Diagnostics Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Pedro R Bartholomay
- National Institute of the Atlantic Forest (INMA), Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Okada T, Wu N, Takashima K, Ishimura J, Morita H, Ito T, Kodama T, Yamasaki Y, Akanuma SI, Kubo Y, Hosoya KI, Tsuneki H, Wada T, Sasaoka T, Shimizu T, Sakai H, Dwoskin LP, Hussaini SR, Saporito RA, Toyooka N. Total Synthesis of Decahydroquinoline Poison Frog Alkaloids ent- cis-195A and cis-211A. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247529. [PMID: 34946611 PMCID: PMC8706607 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The total synthesis of two decahydroquinoline poison frog alkaloids ent-cis-195A and cis-211A were achieved in 16 steps (38% overall yield) and 19 steps (31% overall yield), respectively, starting from known compound 1. Both alkaloids were synthesized from the common key intermediate 11 in a divergent fashion, and the absolute stereochemistry of natural cis-211A was determined to be 2R, 4aR, 5R, 6S, and 8aS. Interestingly, the absolute configuration of the parent decahydroquinoline nuclei of cis-211A was the mirror image of that of cis-195A, although both alkaloids were isolated from the same poison frog species, Oophaga (Dendrobates) pumilio, from Panama.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Okada
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.O.); (N.T.); Tel.: +81-76-445-6859 (N.T.)
| | - Naizhen Wu
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (N.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.-i.A.); (Y.K.); (K.-i.H.); (H.T.); (T.W.); (T.S.); (T.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Katsuki Takashima
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan; (K.T.); (J.I.)
| | - Jungoh Ishimura
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan; (K.T.); (J.I.)
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (H.M.); (T.I.); (T.K.)
| | - Takuya Ito
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (H.M.); (T.I.); (T.K.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kodama
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (H.M.); (T.I.); (T.K.)
| | - Yuhei Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (N.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.-i.A.); (Y.K.); (K.-i.H.); (H.T.); (T.W.); (T.S.); (T.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Shin-ichi Akanuma
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (N.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.-i.A.); (Y.K.); (K.-i.H.); (H.T.); (T.W.); (T.S.); (T.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Yoshiyuki Kubo
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (N.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.-i.A.); (Y.K.); (K.-i.H.); (H.T.); (T.W.); (T.S.); (T.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Ken-ichi Hosoya
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (N.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.-i.A.); (Y.K.); (K.-i.H.); (H.T.); (T.W.); (T.S.); (T.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Hiroshi Tsuneki
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (N.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.-i.A.); (Y.K.); (K.-i.H.); (H.T.); (T.W.); (T.S.); (T.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Tsutomu Wada
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (N.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.-i.A.); (Y.K.); (K.-i.H.); (H.T.); (T.W.); (T.S.); (T.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Toshiyasu Sasaoka
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (N.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.-i.A.); (Y.K.); (K.-i.H.); (H.T.); (T.W.); (T.S.); (T.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Takahiro Shimizu
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (N.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.-i.A.); (Y.K.); (K.-i.H.); (H.T.); (T.W.); (T.S.); (T.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (N.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.-i.A.); (Y.K.); (K.-i.H.); (H.T.); (T.W.); (T.S.); (T.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Linda P. Dwoskin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Syed R. Hussaini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, 800 S. Tucker Dr., Tulsa, OK 74104, USA;
| | - Ralph A. Saporito
- Department of Biology, John Carroll University, University Heights, OH 44118, USA;
| | - Naoki Toyooka
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan; (K.T.); (J.I.)
- Correspondence: (T.O.); (N.T.); Tel.: +81-76-445-6859 (N.T.)
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Rambaldi Migliore N, Colombo G, Capodiferro MR, Mazzocchi L, Chero Osorio AM, Raveane A, Tribaldos M, Perego UA, Mendizábal T, Montón AG, Lombardo G, Grugni V, Garofalo M, Ferretti L, Cereda C, Gagliardi S, Cooke R, Smith-Guzmán N, Olivieri A, Aram B, Torroni A, Motta J, Semino O, Achilli A. Weaving Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Variation in the Panamanian Genetic Canvas. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121921. [PMID: 34946870 PMCID: PMC8702192 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Isthmus of Panama was a crossroads between North and South America during the continent’s first peopling (and subsequent movements) also playing a pivotal role during European colonization and the African slave trade. Previous analyses of uniparental systems revealed significant sex biases in the genetic history of Panamanians, as testified by the high proportions of Indigenous and sub-Saharan mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) and by the prevalence of Western European/northern African Y chromosomes. Those studies were conducted on the general population without considering any self-reported ethnic affiliations. Here, we compared the mtDNA and Y-chromosome lineages of a new sample collection from 431 individuals (301 males and 130 females) belonging to either the general population, mixed groups, or one of five Indigenous groups currently living in Panama. We found different proportions of paternal and maternal lineages in the Indigenous groups testifying to pre-contact demographic events and genetic inputs (some dated to Pleistocene times) that created genetic structure. Then, while the local mitochondrial gene pool was marginally involved in post-contact admixtures, the Indigenous Y chromosomes were differentially replaced, mostly by lineages of western Eurasian origin. Finally, our new estimates of the sub-Saharan contribution, on a more accurately defined general population, reduce an apparent divergence between genetic and historical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Rambaldi Migliore
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (N.R.M.); (G.C.); (M.R.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.C.O.); (A.R.); (U.A.P.); (G.L.); (V.G.); (M.G.); (L.F.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Giulia Colombo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (N.R.M.); (G.C.); (M.R.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.C.O.); (A.R.); (U.A.P.); (G.L.); (V.G.); (M.G.); (L.F.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Marco Rosario Capodiferro
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (N.R.M.); (G.C.); (M.R.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.C.O.); (A.R.); (U.A.P.); (G.L.); (V.G.); (M.G.); (L.F.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Lucia Mazzocchi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (N.R.M.); (G.C.); (M.R.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.C.O.); (A.R.); (U.A.P.); (G.L.); (V.G.); (M.G.); (L.F.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Ana Maria Chero Osorio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (N.R.M.); (G.C.); (M.R.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.C.O.); (A.R.); (U.A.P.); (G.L.); (V.G.); (M.G.); (L.F.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Alessandro Raveane
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (N.R.M.); (G.C.); (M.R.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.C.O.); (A.R.); (U.A.P.); (G.L.); (V.G.); (M.G.); (L.F.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Maribel Tribaldos
- Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City 0816-02593, Panama; (M.T.); (J.M.)
| | - Ugo Alessandro Perego
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (N.R.M.); (G.C.); (M.R.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.C.O.); (A.R.); (U.A.P.); (G.L.); (V.G.); (M.G.); (L.F.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
- Department of Math and Science, Southeastern Community College, West Burlington, IA 52655, USA
| | - Tomás Mendizábal
- Center for Historical, Anthropological and Cultural Research—AIP, Panama City 0816-07812, Panama;
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City 0843-03092, Panama; (R.C.); (N.S.-G.)
| | - Alejandro García Montón
- Departamento de Geografía, Historia y Filosofía, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.G.M.); (B.A.)
| | - Gianluca Lombardo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (N.R.M.); (G.C.); (M.R.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.C.O.); (A.R.); (U.A.P.); (G.L.); (V.G.); (M.G.); (L.F.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Viola Grugni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (N.R.M.); (G.C.); (M.R.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.C.O.); (A.R.); (U.A.P.); (G.L.); (V.G.); (M.G.); (L.F.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Maria Garofalo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (N.R.M.); (G.C.); (M.R.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.C.O.); (A.R.); (U.A.P.); (G.L.); (V.G.); (M.G.); (L.F.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Luca Ferretti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (N.R.M.); (G.C.); (M.R.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.C.O.); (A.R.); (U.A.P.); (G.L.); (V.G.); (M.G.); (L.F.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Stella Gagliardi
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Richard Cooke
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City 0843-03092, Panama; (R.C.); (N.S.-G.)
- Sistema Nacional de Investigadores, Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Ciudad del Saber, Clayton 0816-02852, Panama
| | - Nicole Smith-Guzmán
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City 0843-03092, Panama; (R.C.); (N.S.-G.)
- Sistema Nacional de Investigadores, Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Ciudad del Saber, Clayton 0816-02852, Panama
| | - Anna Olivieri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (N.R.M.); (G.C.); (M.R.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.C.O.); (A.R.); (U.A.P.); (G.L.); (V.G.); (M.G.); (L.F.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Bethany Aram
- Departamento de Geografía, Historia y Filosofía, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.G.M.); (B.A.)
| | - Antonio Torroni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (N.R.M.); (G.C.); (M.R.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.C.O.); (A.R.); (U.A.P.); (G.L.); (V.G.); (M.G.); (L.F.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Jorge Motta
- Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City 0816-02593, Panama; (M.T.); (J.M.)
| | - Ornella Semino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (N.R.M.); (G.C.); (M.R.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.C.O.); (A.R.); (U.A.P.); (G.L.); (V.G.); (M.G.); (L.F.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Alessandro Achilli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (N.R.M.); (G.C.); (M.R.C.); (L.M.); (A.M.C.O.); (A.R.); (U.A.P.); (G.L.); (V.G.); (M.G.); (L.F.); (A.O.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (A.A.)
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Manz C, Adamčík S, Looney BP, Corrales A, Ovrebo C, Adamčíková K, Hofmann TA, Hampe F, Piepenbring M. Four new species of Russula subsection Roseinae from tropical montane forests in western Panama. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257616. [PMID: 34644307 PMCID: PMC8513850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Russula are key components of ectomycorrhizal ecosystems worldwide. Nevertheless, their diversity in the tropics is still poorly known. This study aims to contribute to the knowledge of the diversity of Russula species classified in subsection Roseinae based on specimens recently collected in tropical montane rainforests in western Panama. A five gene multilocus phylogeny based on the nuclear markers ITS nrDNA, MCM7, RPB1, RPB2 and TEF-1α was constructed to identify the systematic position of 22 collections from Panama. Four new species, Russula cornicolor, Russula cynorhodon, Russula oreomunneae and Russula zephyrovelutipes are formally described and illustrated. None of the four species are sister species and they are more closely related to North American or Asian species. Two of the newly described species were associated with the ectomycorrhizal tree species Oreomunnea mexicana, while the other two species were associated with Quercus species. All four species are so far only known from mountains in western Panama.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrin Manz
- Mycology Research Group, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurtam Main, Germany
| | - Slavomír Adamčík
- Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Brian P. Looney
- Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Adriana Corrales
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Clark Ovrebo
- Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, United States of America
| | - Katarína Adamčíková
- Department of Plant Pathology and Mycology, Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences Zvolen, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Tina A. Hofmann
- Mycological Research Center (CIMi), Herbarium UCH, Autonomous University of Chiriquí (UNACHI), David, Chiriquí Province, Panama
| | | | - Meike Piepenbring
- Mycology Research Group, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurtam Main, Germany
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Bauer AB, Schwarzhans WW, Moura RL, Nunes JACC, Mincarone MM. A new species of viviparous brotula genus Pseudogilbia (Ophidiiformes: Dinematichthyidae) from Brazilian reefs, with an updated diagnosis of the genus. J Fish Biol 2021; 99:1292-1298. [PMID: 34180056 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new species of Pseudogilbia Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen 2004 is described based on two male specimens (40-44 mm LS ) from shallow reefs of Bahia, Brazil. Pseudogilbia australis sp. nov. is distinguished from its only congener, Pseudogilbia sanblasensis Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen 2004 from Caribbean Panama, by having: two lower preopercular pores (vs. one); dorsal-fin rays 65-67 (vs. 69); anal-fin rays 51-53 (vs. 56); pectoral-fin rays 18 (vs. 20); caudal vertebrae 27-28 (vs. 30); pectoral-fin length 15.0%-15.9% LS (vs. 14.3); pelvic-fin length 13.5% LS (vs. 16.4) and a different morphology of the male copulatory organ. Pseudogilbia australis sp. nov. is the only dinematichthyid so far recorded in the South Atlantic. An updated diagnosis for the genus is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur B Bauer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Conservação (PPG-CiAC), Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, Brazil
| | - Werner W Schwarzhans
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rodrigo L Moura
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Anchieta C C Nunes
- Laboratório de Oceanografia Biológica, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Michael M Mincarone
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Macaé, Brazil
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Nakadai R. Individual-based multiple-unit dissimilarity: novel indices and null model for assessing temporal variability in community composition. Oecologia 2021; 197:353-364. [PMID: 34546495 PMCID: PMC8505320 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Beta-diversity was originally defined spatially, i.e., as variation in community composition among sites in a region. However, the concept of beta-diversity has since been expanded to temporal contexts. This is referred to as "temporal beta-diversity", and most approaches are simply an extension of spatial beta-diversity. The persistence and turnover of individuals over time is a unique feature of temporal beta-diversity. Nakadai (2020) introduced the "individual-based beta-diversity" concept, and provided novel indices to evaluate individual turnover and compositional shift by comparing individual turnover between two periods at a given site. However, the proposed individual-based indices are applicable only to pairwise dissimilarity, not to multiple-temporal (or more generally, multiple-unit) dissimilarity. Here, individual-based beta-diversity indices are extended to multiple-unit cases. In addition, a novel type of random permutation criterion related to these multiple-unit indices for detecting patterns of individual persistence is introduced in the present study. To demonstrate the usage the properties of these indices compared to average pairwise measures, I applied them to a dataset for a permanent 50-ha forest dynamics plot on Barro Colorado Island in Panama. Information regarding "individuals" is generally missing from community ecology and biodiversity studies of temporal dynamics. In this context, the methods proposed here are expected to be useful for addressing a wide range of research questions regarding temporal changes in biodiversity, especially studies using traditional individual-tracked forest monitoring data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Nakadai
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, 80101, Joensuu, Finland.
- Department of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
- Biodiversity Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
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Demirkiran O, Almaliti J, Leão T, Navarro G, Byrum T, Valeriote FA, Gerwick L, Gerwick WH. Portobelamides A and B and Caciqueamide, Cytotoxic Peptidic Natural Products from a Caldora sp. Marine Cyanobacterium. J Nat Prod 2021; 84:2081-2093. [PMID: 34269583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Three new compounds, portobelamides A and B (1 and 2), 3-amino-2-methyl-7-octynoic acid (AMOYA) and hydroxyisovaleric acid (Hiva) containing cyclic depsipeptides, and one long chain lipopeptide caciqueamide (3), were isolated from a field-collection of a Caldora sp. marine cyanobacterium obtained from Panama as part of the Panama International Cooperative Biodiversity Group Program. Their planar structures were elucidated through analysis of 2D NMR and MS data, especially high resolution (HR) MS2/MS3 fragmentation methods. The absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 2 were deduced by traditional hydrolysis, derivative formation, and chromatographic analyses compared with standards. Portobelamide A (1) showed good cytotoxicity against H-460 human lung cancer cells (33% survival at 0.9 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Demirkiran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, Turkey
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jehad Almaliti
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Tiago Leão
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Gabriel Navarro
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Tara Byrum
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Frederick A Valeriote
- Henry Ford Health System, Department of Internal Medicine, Josephine Ford Cancer Center, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Lena Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - William H Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Cordero JM, García-García A, Lau-Cortés E, Polo C. Efficiency and Productivity Change of Public Hospitals in Panama: Do Management Schemes Matter? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:8630. [PMID: 34444379 PMCID: PMC8394953 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In Latin American and Caribbean countries, the main concern of public health care managers has been traditionally placed on problems related to funding, payment mechanisms, and equity of access. However, more recently, there is a growing interest in improving the levels of efficiency and reducing costs in the provision of health services. In this paper we focus on measuring the technical efficiency and productivity change of public hospitals in Panama using bootstrapped Malmquist indices, which allows us to assess the statistical significance of changes in productivity, efficiency, and technology. Specifically, we are interested in comparing the performance of hospitals belonging to the two different management schemes coexisting in the country, the Social Security Fund (SSF) and the Ministry of Health (MoH). Our dataset includes data about 22 public hospitals (11 for each model) during the period between 2005 and 2015. The results showed that the productivity growth of hospitals belonging to the SSF has been much higher than that of the hospitals belonging to the Ministry of Health over the evaluated period (almost 4% compared to 1.5%, respectively). The main explanation for these divergences is the superior growth of technological change in the former hospitals, especially in the final years of the evaluated period.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Cordero
- Department of Economics, Universidad de Extremadura, Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (J.M.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Agustín García-García
- Department of Economics, Universidad de Extremadura, Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (J.M.C.); (C.P.)
| | | | - Cristina Polo
- Department of Economics, Universidad de Extremadura, Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (J.M.C.); (C.P.)
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Johnson MD, Scott JJ, Leray M, Lucey N, Bravo LMR, Wied WL, Altieri AH. Rapid ecosystem-scale consequences of acute deoxygenation on a Caribbean coral reef. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4522. [PMID: 34312399 PMCID: PMC8313580 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24777-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of oxygen in the global ocean is accelerating due to climate change and eutrophication, but how acute deoxygenation events affect tropical marine ecosystems remains poorly understood. Here we integrate analyses of coral reef benthic communities with microbial community sequencing to show how a deoxygenation event rapidly altered benthic community composition and microbial assemblages in a shallow tropical reef ecosystem. Conditions associated with the event precipitated coral bleaching and mass mortality, causing a 50% loss of live coral and a shift in the benthic community that persisted a year later. Conversely, the unique taxonomic and functional profile of hypoxia-associated microbes rapidly reverted to a normoxic assemblage one month after the event. The decoupling of ecological trajectories among these major functional groups following an acute event emphasizes the need to incorporate deoxygenation as an emerging stressor into coral reef research and management plans to combat escalating threats to reef persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie D Johnson
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama.
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network, MarineGEO, Smithsonian Institution, Edgewater, MD, USA.
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA.
| | - Jarrod J Scott
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Matthieu Leray
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Noelle Lucey
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Lucia M Rodriguez Bravo
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
- Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - William L Wied
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Coastal Oceans Research, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andrew H Altieri
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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40
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Zaldívar Y, Hernández M, Domínguez L, Saénz L, Montilla S, de Antinori MEB, Krawczak FS, Bermúdez S. Isolation of Rickettsia rickettsii in Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Outbreak, Panama. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:1245-1247. [PMID: 33755006 PMCID: PMC8007289 DOI: 10.3201/eid2704.201606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report new cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in patients from Kinkantu, Ngäbe-Bugle indigenous comarca, Panama. We isolated Rickettsia rickettsii in cell culture after intraperitoneal inoculation of guinea pigs with tissues from a deceased patient. Our results indicate that Rocky Mountain spotted fever is emerging in this region.
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41
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Slot M, Cala D, Aranda J, Virgo A, Michaletz ST, Winter K. Leaf heat tolerance of 147 tropical forest species varies with elevation and leaf functional traits, but not with phylogeny. Plant Cell Environ 2021; 44:2414-2427. [PMID: 33817813 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exceeding thermal thresholds causes irreversible damage and ultimately loss of leaves. The lowland tropics are among the warmest forested biomes, but little is known about heat tolerance of tropical forest plants. We surveyed leaf heat tolerance of sun-exposed leaves from 147 tropical lowland and pre-montane forest species by determining the temperatures at which potential photosystem II efficiency based on chlorophyll a fluorescence started to decrease (TCrit ) and had decreased by 50% (T50 ). TCrit averaged 46.7°C (5th-95th percentile: 43.5°C-49.7°C) and T50 averaged 49.9°C (47.8°C-52.5°C). Heat tolerance partially adjusted to site temperature; TCrit and T50 decreased with elevation by 0.40°C and 0.26°C per 100 m, respectively, while mean annual temperature decreased by 0.63°C per 100 m. The phylogenetic signal in heat tolerance was weak, suggesting that heat tolerance is more strongly controlled by environment than by evolutionary legacies. TCrit increased with the estimated thermal time constant of the leaves, indicating that species with thermally buffered leaves maintain higher heat tolerance. Among lowland species, T50 increased with leaf mass per area, suggesting that in species with structurally more costly leaves the risk of leaf loss during hot spells is reduced. These results provide insight in variation in heat tolerance at local and regional scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Slot
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Daniela Cala
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Jorge Aranda
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Aurelio Virgo
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Sean T Michaletz
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
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42
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Kim J, Gripenberg S, Karonen M, Salminen JP. Seed tannin composition of tropical plants. Phytochemistry 2021; 187:112750. [PMID: 33845405 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Seeds collected from trees, shrubs and lianas growing on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, were analyzed for their content of phenolic compounds, oxidative activities and protein precipitation capacities. Proanthocyanidins and hydrolysable tannins were detected in one-third of 189 studied species. The most oxidatively active group of species were the ones containing prodelphinidins and ellagitannins whereas the species that had the highest protein precipitation capacity in relation to their total phenolics were the ones containing punicalagin. In addition, the oxidative activity and relative protein precipitation capacity were exceptionally high in the proanthocyanidin-rich genus Psychotria. This study offers a comprehensive overview on the tannin composition and the alkaline oxidative activities and protein precipitation capacities of the seeds of tropical plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorma Kim
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Sofia Gripenberg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
| | - Maarit Karonen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.
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43
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Spear ER, Broders KD. Host-generalist fungal pathogens of seedlings may maintain forest diversity via host-specific impacts and differential susceptibility among tree species. New Phytol 2021; 231:460-474. [PMID: 33794003 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Host-specialized pathogens are credited with the maintenance of tropical forest diversity under the Janzen-Connell hypothesis. Yet, in diverse forests, selection may favor pathogens with broad host ranges, given their passive dispersal and the relative rarity of tree species. We surveyed the host associations of potential pathogens isolated from symptomatic seedlings in forests in Panama and used inoculations to assess the pathogenicity and host ranges of 27 fungal isolates, and differences among tree species in susceptibility. Thirty-one of the 33 nonsingleton operational taxonomic units (OTUs) isolated from seedlings are multi-host. All 31 multi-host OTUs exhibit low to moderate specialization, and we observed phylogenetically overdispersed host use for 19 OTUs. The pathogenicity of 10 isolates was experimentally confirmed; nine caused disease in seedlings in multiple families. However, the outcome of infection differs among tree species susceptible to a given multi-host pathogen. Furthermore, some tree species were seemingly resistant to all fungi tested, while others were susceptible to multiple fungi. Tree species adapted to environments with lower disease pressure were most likely to exhibit disease. Our results suggest that generalist pathogens contribute to the maintenance of local and regional forest diversity via host-specific impacts and the exclusion of disease-sensitive trees from disease-prone habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Spear
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Kirk D Broders
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
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Rodríguez-Reyes O, Estrada-Ruiz E, Monje Dussán C, de Andrade Brito L, Terrazas T. A new Oligocene-Miocene tree from Panama and historical Anacardium migration patterns. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250721. [PMID: 34077439 PMCID: PMC8171895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration of Boreotropical megathermal taxa during the Oligocene and Miocene played a key role in assembling diversity in tropical regions. Despite scattered fossil reports, the cashew genus Anacardium offers an excellent example of such migration. The fossil woods described here come from localities in Veraguas, Panama mapped as Oligocene-Miocene. We studied, described, and identified two well-preserved specimens using wood anatomical characteristics and completed extensive comparisons between fossil and extant material. The studied fossil woods share several diagnostic features with the modern Anacardium genus, including large solitary vessels, large intervessel-pitting, a simple vessel-ray pitting pattern, and mostly 1–3 seriate rays with large rhomboidal solitary crystals. We propose a new fossil species named Anacardium gassonii sp. nov., that adds an essential piece to the understanding of the historical biogeography of the genus. In addition, our findings confirm previous interpretations of this species’ migration from Europe to North America and its crossing through Panama, leading to subsequent diversification in South America. This discovery provides an important link to the historical migration patterns of the genus, supporting the notion of an Eocene migration to the Neotropics via Boreotropical bridges, as well as an Oligocene-Miocene crossing of Central America followed by diversification in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oris Rodríguez-Reyes
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Panamá, Estafeta universitaria, Panamá, Panamá
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panamá
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Emilio Estrada-Ruiz
- Departamento de Zoología, Laboratorio de Ecología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Camila Monje Dussán
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian de Andrade Brito
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão - Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Teresa Terrazas
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Mejia-Chang M, Reyes-Garcia C, Seibt U, Royles J, Meyer MT, Jones GD, Winter K, Arnedo M, Griffiths H. Leaf water δ 18O reflects water vapour exchange and uptake by C 3 and CAM epiphytic bromeliads in Panama. Funct Plant Biol 2021; 48:732-742. [PMID: 34099101 DOI: 10.1071/fp21087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The distributions of CAM and C3 epiphytic bromeliads across an altitudinal gradient in western Panama were identified from carbon isotope (δ13C) signals, and epiphyte water balance was investigated via oxygen isotopes (δ18O) across wet and dry seasons. There were significant seasonal differences in leaf water (δ18Olw), precipitation, stored 'tank' water and water vapour. Values of δ18Olw were evaporatively enriched at low altitude in the dry season for the C3 epiphytes, associated with low relative humidity (RH) during the day. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) δ18Olw values were relatively depleted, consistent with water vapour uptake during gas exchange under high RH at night. At high altitude, cloudforest locations, C3 δ18Olw also reflected water vapour uptake by day. A mesocosm experiment with Tillandsia fasciculata (CAM) and Werauhia sanguinolenta (C3) was combined with simulations using a non-steady-state oxygen isotope leaf water model. For both C3 and CAM bromeliads, δ18Olw became progressively depleted under saturating water vapour by day and night, although evaporative enrichment was restored in the C3 W. sanguinolenta under low humidity by day. Source water in the overlapping leaf base 'tank' was also modified by evaporative δ18O exchanges. The results demonstrate how stable isotopes in leaf water provide insights for atmospheric water vapour exchanges for both C3 and CAM systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mejia-Chang
- Physiological Ecology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Casandra Reyes-Garcia
- Physiological Ecology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK; and Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 Num. 130 Churburná de Hidalgo, Mérida, 97200, México
| | - Ulli Seibt
- Physiological Ecology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK; and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Royles
- Physiological Ecology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Moritz T Meyer
- Physiological Ecology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Glyn D Jones
- Physiological Ecology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Miquel Arnedo
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Fac. Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Howard Griffiths
- Physiological Ecology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK; and Corresponding author.
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Smith-Guzmán NE. An isthmus of isolation: The likely elevated prevalence of genetic disease in ancient Panama and implications for considering rare diseases in paleopathology. Int J Paleopathol 2021; 33:1-12. [PMID: 33581446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study considers the evidence for elevated frequencies of "rare" diseases in ancient Panama. Indications of population isolation by multidisciplinary sources allow for the possibility that rare inherited conditions may have been maintained at relatively high prevalences in the region due to gene flow restriction. MATERIALS A sample of 267 skeletal human remains with diverse demographical characteristics from Pre-Columbian archaeological sites throughout Panama. METHODS Remains were analyzed macroscopically and hard tissue developmental anomalies were documented. RESULTS Frequencies of developmental anomalies and hard tissue changes consistent with specific rare genetic diseases, such as osteogenesis imperfecta, on the comparatively few human remains recovered from pre-Columbian archaeological sites are elevated as compared with global averages. CONCLUSIONS The paleopathological evidence is concordant with a scenario of isolation in Pre-Columbian times and with an increased presence of genetic disorders in the population. SIGNIFICANCE This study advocates for the special consideration of rare diseases by paleopathologists in regions where populations may have experienced prolonged geographical or social isolation in the past. LIMITATIONS A dearth of local modern epidemiological data and low sample sizes of preserved human remains in certain regions of the country limited the possibilities of spatiotemporal comparisons of rare disease prevalence. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Further scrutiny of developmental anomalies of genetic origin on ancient Panamanian remains and biomolecular testing of remains for specific disorders should be pursued to confirm the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Smith-Guzmán
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panamá, Rep. of Panamá, Apartado 0843-03092, Panama.
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Wilson EW, Castro V, Chaves R, Espinosa M, Rodil R, Quintana JB, Vieira MN, Santos MM. Using zebrafish embryo bioassays combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry screening to assess ecotoxicological water bodies quality status: A case study in Panama rivers. Chemosphere 2021; 272:129823. [PMID: 33592508 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several studies show that many water bodies in developing countries are increasingly affected by anthropogenic pressure, such as agricultural activities, domestic and industrial wastewater. However, data is scarce in several of such countries, including Panama. Thus, in this work, the ecotoxicological status of selected rivers in Panama with distinct input sources were evaluated using the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo bioassays combined with a liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry screening of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), using a library of over 3200 chemicals. A total of 68 CECs, including pharmaceuticals and metabolites, pesticides and several industrial chemicals, could be tentatively identified. Additionally, the zebrafish embryo bioassays showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in embryo mortality/abnormalities when incubated with water samples from two rivers, Matasnillo and Curundú (47.5% and 32%, respectively). Importantly, a positive correlation between ecotoxicological endpoints and some of the detected CECs was observed. The findings demonstrate that both rivers are under strong anthropogenic pressure, and therefore, management actions are urgently needed to decrease their level of contamination. Overall, this study further supports the use of the zebrafish embryo bioassay as a fast, high throughput approach for screening the toxicity of water samples, and highlights the advantages of combining ecotoxicological assays with high-resolution mass spectrometry to an expedite assessment of the ecotoxicological status of water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estibali Wilkie Wilson
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - LA, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Verónica Castro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Chaves
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - LA, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; ISAMB/ FMUL - Institute of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz MB, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Espinosa
- University of Panama, Promega Institute, Via Simon Bolivar, Transístmica, Panama
| | - Rosario Rodil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Benito Quintana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IAQBUS - Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Maria Natividade Vieira
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - LA, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR - LA, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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Durden LA, Bermúdez S, Vargas GA, Sanjur BE, Gillen L, Brown LD, Greiman SE, Eremeeva ME. Fleas (Siphonaptera) Parasitizing Peridomestic and Indigenous Mammals in Panamá and Screening of Selected Fleas for Vector-Borne Bacterial Pathogens. J Med Entomol 2021; 58:1316-1321. [PMID: 33215205 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In total, 341 fleas belonging to 16 species were collected from 78 host mammals belonging to 10 species in Panamá from 2010 to 2016. The cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché) predominated on domestic dogs and was also recorded from domestic cats, the raccoon, Procyon lotor (Linnaeus) and the common opossum, Didelphis marsupialis Linnaeus. The largest number of flea species (7) was recorded from D. marsupialis and the most common flea on that host was the ctenophthalmid, Adoratopsylla intermedia copha Jordan. One Oriental rat flea, Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild), was collected from D. marsupialis. Native rodents were parasitized by indigenous ceratophyllid, rhopalopsyllid, and stephanocircid fleas. The Mexican deermouse, Peromyscus mexicanus (Saussure), was parasitized by six species of ceratophyllids belonging to the mostly Central American genera, Baculomeris, Jellisonia, Kohlsia and Plusaetis. The long-tailed singing mouse, Scotinomys xerampelinus (Bangs), was parasitized by Plocopsylla scotinomi Tipton and Méndez, the only species of stephanocircid flea known from Central America. Twenty-six pools of extracted flea DNA representing 5 flea species (C. felis, Pulex echidnophagoides (Wagner), Pulex simulans Baker, A. intermedia copha, and P. scotinomi) and 79 individual fleas were all real-time polymerase chain reaction negative for Rickettsia felis, Rickettsia typhi, and Bartonella henselae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance A Durden
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA
| | | | - Géminis A Vargas
- Departmento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactes, Universidad de Chiriqui, University City, El Cabrero, David, Chiriqui, Panamá
| | - Boris E Sanjur
- Departmento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactes, Universidad de Chiriqui, University City, El Cabrero, David, Chiriqui, Panamá
| | - Laura Gillen
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA
| | - Lisa D Brown
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA
| | | | - Marina E Eremeeva
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA
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Torres-Cosme R, Rigg C, Santamaría AM, Vásquez V, Victoria C, Ramirez JL, Calzada JE, Cáceres Carrera L. Natural malaria infection in anophelines vectors and their incrimination in local malaria transmission in Darién, Panama. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250059. [PMID: 33939707 PMCID: PMC8092770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background More than 85% of the malaria cases in Panama occur in poor, rural and indigenous regions like Darien Province. Vector diversity, infection rate and spatial distribution are important entomological parameters of malaria transmission dynamics. Their understanding is crucial for the development of effective disease control strategies. The objective of this study was to determine the composition of Anopheles species, their natural infection rate and their geographic distribution to better understand the malaria transmission dynamics in Darién, Panama. Methods Anophelines mosquitoes were captured during the rainy and dry season of 2016. We selected five communities where adult anophelines were collected using CDC light-traps, and through protective human-baited traps. Detection of natural infection and Plasmodium genotype were detected via nested PCR through the amplification of ssrRNA and the circumsporozoite protein gene (csp), respectively. Results A total of 1,063 mosquitoes were collected mosquitoes were collected for the detection of natural infection with Plasmodium spp. Nine Anophelines species were identified, with the predominant species being: An. (Nys.) darlingi (45.0%) and An. (Nys.) albimanus (42.6%). Natural infection in An. (Nys.) albimanus with P. vivax was detected in one mosquito pool from the community Pueblo Tortuga (0.6%), three from Marraganti (1.7%), two from Bajo Chiquito (1.1%) and three pools from Alto Playona 3 (1.7%). For An. (Nys.) darlingi mosquitoes, we detected seven positive pools from the community Bajo Chiquito (4.0%), two pools from Marraganti (1.1%) and two pools from Alto Playona (1.1%). The P. vivax allelic variant VK210 was detected in infected mosquitoes. Conclusion The results from this study provide new information on the transmission dynamics associated with anophelines vectors in the Darién region. This is the first report of natural P. vivax infection in An. (Nys.) darlingi and its incrimination as a potential malaria vector in this region of Panama. Additional studies are necessary to expand our knowledge and determine crucial parameters in malaria transmission in Darién, which in turn will aid the National Malaria Program in attaining an adequate malaria control strategy towards malaria elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Torres-Cosme
- Departamento de Investigación en Entomología Médica, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panam, Repblica de Panam
| | - Chystrie Rigg
- Departamento de Investigación en Parasitología, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panam, Repblica de Panam
| | - Ana María Santamaría
- Departamento de Investigación en Parasitología, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panam, Repblica de Panam
| | - Vanessa Vásquez
- Departamento de Investigación en Parasitología, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panam, Repblica de Panam
| | - Carlos Victoria
- Departamento de Control de Vectores, Ministerio de Salud (MINSA), Panam, Repblica de Panam
| | - José Luis Ramirez
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois, United States of America
| | - José E. Calzada
- Departamento de Investigación en Parasitología, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panam, Repblica de Panam
| | - Lorenzo Cáceres Carrera
- Departamento de Investigación en Entomología Médica, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panam, Repblica de Panam
- * E-mail: ,
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Torrente-Velásquez JM, Ripa M, Chifari R, Giampietro M. Identification of inference fallacies in solid waste generation estimations of developing countries. A case-study in Panama. Waste Manag 2021; 126:454-465. [PMID: 33838385 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The absence of sound sampling procedures and statistical analyses to estimate solid waste generation in many developing countries has resulted in incomplete historical records of waste quantity and composition. Data is often arbitrarily aggregated or disaggregated as a function of waste generators to obtain results at the desired spatial level of analysis. Inference fallacies arising from the generalization or individualization of results are almost never considered. In this paper, Panama, one of the fastest-growing developing countries, was used as a case-study to review the main methodological approaches to estimate solid waste generation per capita per day, and at different hierarchical levels (from households to the country). The solid waste generation intensity indicator is used by the Panamanian waste management authority to run the waste management system. It was also the main parameter employed by local and foreign companies to estimate solid waste generation in Panama between 2001 and 2008. The methodological approaches used by these companies were mathematically formalized and classified as per the expressions suggested by Subramanian et al. (2009). Seven inference fallacies (ecological, individualistic, stage, floating population, linear forecasting, average population and mixed spatial levels) were identified and allocated to the studies. Foreign companies committed three of the seven inference fallacies, while one was committed by the local entity. Endogenous knowledge played an important role in these studies to avoid spatial levels mismatch and multilevel measurements appear to produce more reliable information than studies obtained via other means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M Torrente-Velásquez
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, Panamá.
| | - Maddalena Ripa
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Mario Giampietro
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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