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Ferdinandez HS, Manamgoda DS, Udayanga D, Munasinghe MS, Castlebury LA. Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal two new graminicolous species, Curvularia aurantiasp. nov. and C. vidyodayana sp. nov. with new records of Curvularia spp . from Sri Lanka. Fungal Syst Evol 2023; 12:219-246. [PMID: 38455951 PMCID: PMC10918625 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2023.12.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite being a small island, Sri Lanka is rich in fungal diversity. Most of the fungi from Sri Lanka have been identified as pathogens of vegetables, fruits, and plantation crops to date. The pleosporalean genus Curvularia (Dothideomycetes) includes phytopathogenic, saprobic, endophytic, and human/animal opportunistic pathogenic fungal species. The majority of the plant-associated Curvularia species are known from poaceous hosts. During the current study, 22 geographical locations of the country were explored and collections were made from 10 different poaceous hosts. Morphology and molecular phylogeny based on three loci, including nuclear internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 with 5.8S nrDNA (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) supported the description of two new species of fungi described herein as C. aurantia sp. nov. and C. vidyodayana sp. nov. Moreover, novel host-fungal association records for C. chiangmaiensis, C. falsilunata, C. lonarensis, C. plantarum, and C. pseudobrachyspora are updated herein. In addition, five species within the genus Curvularia, viz., C. asiatica, C. geniculata, C. lunata, C. muehlenbeckiae, and C. verruculosa represent new records of fungi from Sri Lanka. Citation: Ferdinandez HS, Manamgoda DS, Udayanga D, Munasinghe MS, Castlebury LA (2023). Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal two new graminicolous species, Curvularia aurantia sp. nov. and C. vidyodayana sp. nov. with new records of Curvularia spp. from Sri Lanka. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 12: 219-246. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2023.12.11.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Ferdinandez
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - D S Manamgoda
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - D Udayanga
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - M S Munasinghe
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - L A Castlebury
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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Harrington AH, Sarmiento C, Zalamea PC, Dalling JW, Davis AS, Arnold AE. Acrogenospora terricola sp. nov., a fungal species associated with seeds of pioneer trees in the soil seed bank of a lowland forest in Panama. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [PMID: 36314898 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As currently circumscribed, Acrogenospora (Acrogenosporaceae, Minutisphaerales, Dothideomycetes) is a genus of saprobic hyphomycetes with distinctive conidia. Although considered common and cosmopolitan, the genus is poorly represented by sequence data, and no neotropical representatives are present in public sequence databases. Consequently, Acrogenospora has been largely invisible to ecological studies that rely on sequence-based identification. As part of an effort to identify fungi collected during ecological studies, we identified strains of Acrogenospora isolated in culture from seeds in the soil seed bank of a lowland tropical forest in Panama. Here we describe Acrogenospora terricola sp. nov. based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. We confirm that the genus has a pantropical distribution. The observation of Acrogenospora infecting seeds in a terrestrial environment contrasts with previously described species in the genus, most of which occur on decaying wood in freshwater environments. This work highlights the often hidden taxonomic value of collections derived from ecological studies of fungal communities and the ways in which rich sequence databases can shed light on the identity, distributions and diversity of cryptic microfungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison H Harrington
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Carolina Sarmiento
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Paul-Camilo Zalamea
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - James W Dalling
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Adam S Davis
- Department of Crop Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - A Elizabeth Arnold
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Rai M, Ingle AP, Ingle P, Gupta I, Mobin M, Bonifaz A, Alves M. Recent advances on mycotic keratitis caused by dematiaceous hyphomycetes. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1652-1667. [PMID: 33462841 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dematiaceous hyphomycetes (DH) are darkly pigmented fungi ubiquitously found all over the world as plant pathogens and saprophytes, and many of the members of this group have emerged as opportunistic pathogens. These fungi are responsible for a wide variety of infections including mycotic keratitis, which is considered as one of the major causes of corneal blindness, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries with an annual global burden of about 1 000 000 patients. The infection is more common in workers working in an outdoor environment. Moreover, trauma is found to be the most important predisposing cause of mycotic keratitis. Considerable delay in diagnosis and scarcity of effective pharmacological drugs are the major factors responsible for increased morbidity and visual impairment. Considering the crucial role of DH in mycotic keratitis, in the present review, we have focused on major DH with special emphasis on their pathogenicity, diagnosis and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
| | - A P Ingle
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of Sao Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - P Ingle
- Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
| | - I Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
| | - M Mobin
- Research Laboratory, University Center UNINOVAFAPI, Teresina, Brazil
| | - A Bonifaz
- Department of Mycology & Dermatology Service, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Alves
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Kettunen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Alexander R Schmidt
- Department of Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paul Diederich
- National Museum of Natural History, 25 rue Munster, L-2160, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Heinrich Grabenhorst
- Amber Study Group, c/o Geological-Palaeontological Institute and Museum of the University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jouko Rikkinen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
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Tanney JB, Douglas B, Seifert KA. Sexual and asexual states of some endophytic Phialocephala species of Picea. Mycologia 2016; 108:255-80. [PMID: 26740545 DOI: 10.3852/15-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Unidentified DNA sequences in isolation-based or culture-free studies of conifer endophytes are a persistent problem that requires a field approach to resolve. An investigation of foliar endophytes of Picea glauca, P. mariana, P. rubens and Pinus strobus in eastern Canada, using a combined field, morphological, cultural and DNA sequencing approach, resulted in the frequent isolation of Phialocephala spp. and the first verified discovery of their mollisia-like sexual states in the field. Phialocephala scopiformis and Ph. piceae were the most frequent species isolated as endophytes from healthy conifer needles. Corresponding Mollisia or mollisioid sexual states for Ph. scopiformis, Ph. piceae and several undescribed species in a clade containing Ph. dimorphospora were collected in the sampling area and characterized by analysis of the nuc internal transcribed spacer rDNA (ITS) and gene for the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1) loci. Four novel species and one new combination in a clade containing Ph. dimorphospora, the type of Phialocephala, are presented, accompanied by descriptions of apothecia and previously undocumented synanamorphs. An epitype culture and corresponding reference sequences for Phialocephala dimorphospora are proposed. The resulting ITS barcodes linked with robust taxonomic species concepts are an important resource for future research on forest ecosystems and endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey B Tanney
- Biodiversity (Mycology & Botany), Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6 Canada
| | - Brian Douglas
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, United Kingdom
| | - Keith A Seifert
- Biodiversity (Mycology & Botany), Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6 Canada
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Abstract
The generic name Braunomyces (ascomycetes, asexual morph), with B. dictyosporus as type species, is described, illustrated and discussed, based on material collected in Vietnam on leaf debris of an unidentified broadleaved tree. The new genus is well characterised and quite distinct from other synnematous and non-synnematous dematiaceous hyphomycete genera by its unique combination of traits, viz. determinate synnematous conidiomata, integrated, terminal and intercalary conidiogenous cells with one to several conidiogenous vesicles becoming cupulate with age, tretic conidiogenesis, and mostly cruciately septate, solitary dictyoconidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim A Mel'nik
- Laboratory of the Systematics and Geography of Fungi, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor Popov Street 2, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Pedro W Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Fernandes ADF, de Miranda BEC, Duarte LL, Barreto RW. Passalora stromatica sp. nov. associated with leaf spots of Tithonia diversifolia in Brazil. IMA Fungus 2014; 4:201-4. [PMID: 24563832 PMCID: PMC3905938 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2013.04.02.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Tithonia diversifolia, a member of Compositae native to Central America that produces showy sunflower-like flowers, became an invasive weed in other continents after it was introduced as an ornamental. Little is known about fungal pathogens infecting this plant. Knowledge of its mycobiota is of interest for future biocontrol programmes for T. diversifolia. In Brazil, a cercosporoid hyphomycete was found associated with intense leaf-spotting of this plant. Based on morphological and molecular data it was recognized as representing a new species of Passalora, and the name Passalora stromatica sp.nov. is introduced here for this taxon. This fungus is described and illustrated herein. It is possible that this fungus is playing a role in Brazil in reducing the invasiveness of T. diversifolia as, contrarily to what has been reported for countries in Africa and Asia, it remains mostly as a garden escape or rural plant in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno E C de Miranda
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Fitopatologia, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Lidiane L Duarte
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Fitopatologia, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Robert W Barreto
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Fitopatologia, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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