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Wattier BD, Gonzales AK, Martinez NE. Perfluorooctanoic acid uptake in the mustard species Brassica juncea. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2023; 52:199-206. [PMID: 36345599 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a surfactant, is a member of the perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) family and is a contaminant of emerging concern for human and environmental health. Perfluorooctanoic acid is a persistent organic pollutant, but currently little is known about (a) the potential ecological and toxicological effects of PFOA and (b) how PFOA moves in the environment. This study uses a radiotracer (14 C-PFOA) to study the uptake and translocation of PFOA in hydroponically grown brown mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.], a representative crop species. Plants were exposed in quadruplicate over the course of 7 d (with plants sampled on Days 4 and 7) to PFOA concentrations of 0, 1, 5, 10, and 15 mg L-1 . Uptake was quantified via liquid scintillation counting of samples from the nutrient solution, roots, stems, and leaves. Transfer factors (roots to shoots) ranged from 0.15 to 4.73 kg kg-1 . Bioconcentration factors (solution to plant) ranged from 0.36 to 62.29 L kg-1 . Factors were influenced by plant compartment, day sampled, and treatment level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryanna D Wattier
- Dep. of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC, 29634-0942, USA
| | - Annelise K Gonzales
- Dep. of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC, 29634-0942, USA
| | - Nicole E Martinez
- Center for Nuclear Environmental Engineering Sciences and Radioactive Waste Management, Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC, 29634-0942, USA
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Mondal A, Sen K, Mondal A, Mishra D, Debnath P, Mondal NK. Bio-fabricated silver nanoparticles for controlling dengue and filaria vectors and their characterization, as well as toxicological risk assessment in aquatic mesocosms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113309. [PMID: 35487260 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study is focused on synthesis of silver nanoparticles from weeds and an assessment of their mosquito larvicidal efficacy. This study also presented the toxicological effects as well as the stability of these nanoparticles in aquatic mesocosms. The weed Digiteria sanguinallis was first time used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by various analytical techniques, such as UV-VIS, TEM, FESEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR, and zeta potential study. The result revealed that the nanoparticles are crystalline, spherical shape with band gap 2.44 eV, and average size 18 nm. The LC50 value of synthesized AgNPs were recorded as 7.47 and 6.31 mg/L at 24 h against Cx. quinquefasciatus and A. albopictus respectively. In contrast, larvicidal activity of weed extract was insignificant against two target species. In aquatic mesocosm study, AgNPs (LC50 dose) does not alter the nature of water parameters within experimental period. However only EC % and ORP were changes because of silver ion oxidation. In biochemical parameters, only stress enzymes for animal and plant species were moderately altered under long term exposure. But glycogen, protein, and AchE of two mosquito species were significantly changed under same mesocosm setup within short exposure. Comparatively, in control mesocosm, synthesized AgNPs are naturally change their nano form within 20 days with the presence of all non-target species and pond sediment. Therefore, it can be concluded that biosynthesized AgNPs could be used as a larvicidal agent in near future with negligible effects on aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghadip Mondal
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, W.B, 713104, India
| | - Kamalesh Sen
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, W.B, 713104, India
| | - Anupam Mondal
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, W.B, 713104, India
| | - Debojyoti Mishra
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, W.B, 713104, India
| | - Priyanka Debnath
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, W.B, 713104, India
| | - Naba Kumar Mondal
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, W.B, 713104, India.
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Understanding the Implications of Predicted Function for Assessment of Rapid Bioremediation in a Farmland-Oilfield Mixed Area. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14042248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Farmland-oilfield mixed areas are fragile ecosystems that require dynamic remediation to counteract the undesirable impact of energy development. Practicable assessment methods are pivotal to a fast and accurate evaluation of the in situ bioremediation process. Petroleum pollutants impose component-dependent effects on autochthonous microbiota before and after remediation. Here, the predicted functional response of soil microbiomes to petroleum pollutants was analyzed in a historically polluted farmland-oilfield mixed area from the perspective of developing a set of feasible biomarkers for immediate post-bioremediation evaluation. An array of microbial, genetic, systematic, and phenotypic biomarkers was proposed. Our results showed that the biomarkers could proxy the stage of the bioremediation multidimensionally. We argue that functional diversity should be considered together with microbial community dynamic to evaluate the restoration status of the microbial communities in petroleum-contaminated farmland-oilfield mixed environments.
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Kim SY, Park SH, Kim DW, Noh W, Lee SJ, Jeong HJ, Park JB, Gwak YJ, Park JW, Yeom DH. Ecological Effects of Benzyl Chloride on Different Korean Aquatic Indigenous Species Using an Artificial Stream Mesocosm Simulating a Chemical Spill. TOXICS 2021; 9:347. [PMID: 34941781 PMCID: PMC8703321 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9120347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an artificial stream mesocosm consisting of a head tank, faster-flowing riffle section, gravel section, pool section, lower-run section, and tail tank was installed to simulate a chemical spill in a river. The responses of freshwater periphyton algae, crustacea (Moina macrocopa), freshwater worm (Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri), benthic midge (Glyptotendipes tokunagai), and fish (Zacco platypus and Aphyocypris chinensis) were observed after exposure to benzyl chloride (classified as an accident preparedness substance, APS) at concentrations of 1, 2, and 4 µL/L for 22.5 h. Higher concentrations increased the inhibition (photosynthetic efficiency decrease) of periphyton algae and the mortality of M. macrocopa, whereas the reproduction of the female cladoceran decreased in the 4 µL/L treatment. Mortality of fish did not occur or was lower (≤20%) at all concentrations; however, toxic symptoms were observed for some time after chemical exposure termination and later, symptoms receded. G. tokunagai mortality increased at all concentrations except the control after seven days, and no significant toxic effects were observed in L. hoffmeisteri. The hazardous concentration of benzyl chloride was calculated as 94 µg/L. This study showed the different sensitivities of each species to benzyl chloride. The findings can assist in environmental risk assessment of APSs after chemical spills to protect Korean aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Kim
- Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju-si 52834, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.P.); (D.-W.K.); (W.N.); (S.-J.L.); (H.-J.J.); (J.-B.P.); (Y.-J.G.); (J.-W.P.)
- Department of Energy Environmental System Engineering, Graduate School, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
| | - Seong-Hwan Park
- Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju-si 52834, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.P.); (D.-W.K.); (W.N.); (S.-J.L.); (H.-J.J.); (J.-B.P.); (Y.-J.G.); (J.-W.P.)
| | - Dae-Wook Kim
- Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju-si 52834, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.P.); (D.-W.K.); (W.N.); (S.-J.L.); (H.-J.J.); (J.-B.P.); (Y.-J.G.); (J.-W.P.)
| | - Won Noh
- Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju-si 52834, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.P.); (D.-W.K.); (W.N.); (S.-J.L.); (H.-J.J.); (J.-B.P.); (Y.-J.G.); (J.-W.P.)
| | - Sang-Jun Lee
- Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju-si 52834, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.P.); (D.-W.K.); (W.N.); (S.-J.L.); (H.-J.J.); (J.-B.P.); (Y.-J.G.); (J.-W.P.)
| | - Hee-Jin Jeong
- Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju-si 52834, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.P.); (D.-W.K.); (W.N.); (S.-J.L.); (H.-J.J.); (J.-B.P.); (Y.-J.G.); (J.-W.P.)
| | - Jong-Bin Park
- Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju-si 52834, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.P.); (D.-W.K.); (W.N.); (S.-J.L.); (H.-J.J.); (J.-B.P.); (Y.-J.G.); (J.-W.P.)
| | - Yeong-Ji Gwak
- Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju-si 52834, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.P.); (D.-W.K.); (W.N.); (S.-J.L.); (H.-J.J.); (J.-B.P.); (Y.-J.G.); (J.-W.P.)
| | - Jin-Woo Park
- Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju-si 52834, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.P.); (D.-W.K.); (W.N.); (S.-J.L.); (H.-J.J.); (J.-B.P.); (Y.-J.G.); (J.-W.P.)
| | - Dong-Hyuk Yeom
- Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju-si 52834, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-H.P.); (D.-W.K.); (W.N.); (S.-J.L.); (H.-J.J.); (J.-B.P.); (Y.-J.G.); (J.-W.P.)
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5
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Santoro EP, Borges RM, Espinoza JL, Freire M, Messias CSMA, Villela HDM, Pereira LM, Vilela CLS, Rosado JG, Cardoso PM, Rosado PM, Assis JM, Duarte GAS, Perna G, Rosado AS, Macrae A, Dupont CL, Nelson KE, Sweet MJ, Voolstra CR, Peixoto RS. Coral microbiome manipulation elicits metabolic and genetic restructuring to mitigate heat stress and evade mortality. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/33/eabg3088. [PMID: 34389536 PMCID: PMC8363143 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg3088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial microorganisms for corals (BMCs) ameliorate environmental stress, but whether they can prevent mortality and the underlying host response mechanisms remains elusive. Here, we conducted omics analyses on the coral Mussismilia hispida exposed to bleaching conditions in a long-term mesocosm experiment and inoculated with a selected BMC consortium or a saline solution placebo. All corals were affected by heat stress, but the observed "post-heat stress disorder" was mitigated by BMCs, signified by patterns of dimethylsulfoniopropionate degradation, lipid maintenance, and coral host transcriptional reprogramming of cellular restructuration, repair, stress protection, and immune genes, concomitant with a 40% survival rate increase and stable photosynthetic performance by the endosymbiotic algae. This study provides insights into the responses that underlie probiotic host manipulation. We demonstrate that BMCs trigger a dynamic microbiome restructuring process that instigates genetic and metabolic alterations in the coral host that eventually mitigate coral bleaching and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika P Santoro
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M Borges
- Walter Mors Institute of Research on Natural Products, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Josh L Espinoza
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Marcelo Freire
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Camila S M A Messias
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helena D M Villela
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro M Pereira
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caren L S Vilela
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João G Rosado
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pedro M Cardoso
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Phillipe M Rosado
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Assis
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A S Duarte
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Perna
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Alexandre S Rosado
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrew Macrae
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christopher L Dupont
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karen E Nelson
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Sweet
- Aquatic Research Facility, Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Christian R Voolstra
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Raquel S Peixoto
- Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Silva DP, Villela HDM, Santos HF, Duarte GAS, Ribeiro JR, Ghizelini AM, Vilela CLS, Rosado PM, Fazolato CS, Santoro EP, Carmo FL, Ximenes DS, Soriano AU, Rachid CTCC, Vega Thurber RL, Peixoto RS. Multi-domain probiotic consortium as an alternative to chemical remediation of oil spills at coral reefs and adjacent sites. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:118. [PMID: 34020712 PMCID: PMC8138999 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01041-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beginning in the last century, coral reefs have suffered the consequences of anthropogenic activities, including oil contamination. Chemical remediation methods, such as dispersants, can cause substantial harm to corals and reduce their resilience to stressors. To evaluate the impacts of oil contamination and find potential alternative solutions to chemical dispersants, we conducted a mesocosm experiment with the fire coral Millepora alcicornis, which is sensitive to environmental changes. We exposed M. alcicornis to a realistic oil-spill scenario in which we applied an innovative multi-domain bioremediator consortium (bacteria, filamentous fungi, and yeast) and a chemical dispersant (Corexit® 9500, one of the most widely used dispersants), to assess the effects on host health and host-associated microbial communities. RESULTS The selected multi-domain microbial consortium helped to mitigate the impacts of the oil, substantially degrading the polycyclic aromatic and n-alkane fractions and maintaining the physiological integrity of the corals. Exposure to Corexit 9500 negatively impacted the host physiology and altered the coral-associated microbial community. After exposure, the abundances of certain bacterial genera such as Rugeria and Roseovarius increased, as previously reported in stressed or diseased corals. We also identified several bioindicators of Corexit 9500 in the microbiome. The impact of Corexit 9500 on the coral health and microbial community was far greater than oil alone, killing corals after only 4 days of exposure in the flow-through system. In the treatments with Corexit 9500, the action of the bioremediator consortium could not be observed directly because of the extreme toxicity of the dispersant to M. alcicornis and its associated microbiome. CONCLUSIONS Our results emphasize the importance of investigating the host-associated microbiome in order to detect and mitigate the effects of oil contamination on corals and the potential role of microbial mitigation and bioindicators as conservation tools. Chemical dispersants were far more damaging to corals and their associated microbiome than oil, and should not be used close to coral reefs. This study can aid in decision-making to minimize the negative effects of oil and dispersants on coral reefs. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise P Silva
- LEMM, Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helena D M Villela
- LEMM, Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Henrique F Santos
- Department of Marine Biology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A S Duarte
- LEMM, Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Ribeiro
- LEMM, Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela M Ghizelini
- LEMM, Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caren L S Vilela
- LEMM, Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Phillipe M Rosado
- LEMM, Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolline S Fazolato
- LEMM, Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erika P Santoro
- LEMM, Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flavia L Carmo
- LEMM, Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dalton S Ximenes
- Processes Laboratory, Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello Research Center (CENPES), Petrobras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana U Soriano
- Environmental Treatments, Wastes and Water Resources, Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello Research Center (CENPES), Petrobras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caio T C C Rachid
- LABEM, Paulo de Góes Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rebecca L Vega Thurber
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Nash Hall 226, OSU, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Raquel S Peixoto
- LEMM, Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Mearns AJ, Morrison AM, Arthur C, Rutherford N, Bissell M, Rempel-Hester MA. Effects of pollution on marine organisms. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1510-1532. [PMID: 32671886 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review covers selected 2019 articles on the biological effects of pollutants, including human physical disturbances, on marine and estuarine plants, animals, ecosystems, and habitats. The review, based largely on journal articles, covers field, and laboratory measurement activities (bioaccumulation of contaminants, field assessment surveys, toxicity testing, and biomarkers) as well as pollution issues of current interest including endocrine disrupters, emerging contaminants, wastewater discharges, marine debris, dredging, and disposal. Special emphasis is placed on effects of oil spills and marine debris due largely to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil blowout in the Gulf of Mexico and proliferation of data on the assimilation and effects of marine debris microparticulates. Several topical areas reviewed in the past (e.g., mass mortalities ocean acidification) were dropped this year. The focus of this review is on effects, not on pollutant sources, chemistry, fate, or transport. There is considerable overlap across subject areas (e.g., some bioaccumulation data may be appeared in other topical categories such as effects of wastewater discharges, or biomarker studies appearing in oil toxicity literature). Therefore, we strongly urge readers to use keyword searching of the text and references to locate related but distributed information. Although nearly 400 papers are cited, these now represent a fraction of the literature on these subjects. Use this review mainly as a starting point. And please consult the original papers before citing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Mearns
- Emergency Response Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Nicolle Rutherford
- Emergency Response Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Seattle, Washington
| | - Matt Bissell
- Emergency Response Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Seattle, Washington
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