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Cantwell-Jones A, Tylianakis JM, Larson K, Gill RJ. Using individual-based trait frequency distributions to forecast plant-pollinator network responses to environmental change. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14368. [PMID: 38247047 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Determining how and why organisms interact is fundamental to understanding ecosystem responses to future environmental change. To assess the impact on plant-pollinator interactions, recent studies have examined how the effects of environmental change on individual interactions accumulate to generate species-level responses. Here, we review recent developments in using plant-pollinator networks of interacting individuals along with their functional traits, where individuals are nested within species nodes. We highlight how these individual-level, trait-based networks connect intraspecific trait variation (as frequency distributions of multiple traits) with dynamic responses within plant-pollinator communities. This approach can better explain interaction plasticity, and changes to interaction probabilities and network structure over spatiotemporal or other environmental gradients. We argue that only through appreciating such trait-based interaction plasticity can we accurately forecast the potential vulnerability of interactions to future environmental change. We follow this with general guidance on how future studies can collect and analyse high-resolution interaction and trait data, with the hope of improving predictions of future plant-pollinator network responses for targeted and effective conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Cantwell-Jones
- Georgina Mace Centre for The Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Jason M Tylianakis
- Georgina Mace Centre for The Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
- Bioprotection Aotearoa, School of Biological Sciences, Private Bag 4800, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Keith Larson
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Richard J Gill
- Georgina Mace Centre for The Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
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2
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Martin AK, Sheridan JA. Body size responses to the combined effects of climate and land use changes within an urban framework. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5385-5398. [PMID: 35758068 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in body size can have profound impacts on an organism's life history and ecology with long-lasting effects that span multiple biological scales. Animal body size is influenced by environmental drivers, including climate change and land use change, the two largest current threats to biodiversity. Climate warming has led to smaller body sizes of many species due to impacts on growth (i.e., Bergmann's rule and temperature-size rule). Conversely, urbanization, which serves as a model for investigating the effects of land use changes, has largely been demonstrated to cause size increases, but few studies have examined the combined influences of climate and land use changes on organism size. We present here the background theory on how each of these factors is expected to influence body size, summarize existing evidence of how size has recently been impacted by climate and land use changes, and make several recommendations to guide future research uniting these areas of focus. Given the rapid pace of climate change and urbanization, understanding the combined effects of climate and land use changes on body size is imperative for biodiversity preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Martin
- Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Sherpa S, Tutagata J, Gaude T, Laporte F, Kasai S, Ishak IH, Guo X, Shin J, Boyer S, Marcombe S, Chareonviriyaphap T, David JP, Chen XG, Zhou X, Després L. Genomic shifts, phenotypic clines and fitness costs associated with cold-tolerance in the Asian tiger mosquito. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6586214. [PMID: 35574643 PMCID: PMC9156037 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Climatic variation is a key driver of genetic differentiation and phenotypic traits evolution, and local adaptation to temperature is expected in widespread species. We investigated phenotypic and genomic changes in the native range of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus. We first refine the phylogeographic structure based on genome-wide regions (1,901 ddRAD SNPs) from 41 populations. We then explore the patterns of cold adaptation using phenotypic traits measured in common garden (wing size and cold tolerance) and genotype–temperature associations at targeted candidate regions (51,706 exon capture SNPs) from 9 populations. We confirm the existence of three evolutionary lineages including clades A (Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos), B (China and Okinawa), and C (South Korea and Japan). We identified temperature-associated differentiation in fifteen out of 221 candidate regions but none in ddRAD regions, supporting the role of directional selection in detected genes. These include genes involved in lipid metabolism and a circadian clock gene. Most outlier SNPs are differently fixed between clades A and C, while clade B has an intermediate pattern. Females are larger at higher latitude yet produce no more eggs, which might favor the storage of energetic reserves in colder climate. Non-diapausing eggs from temperate populations survive better to cold exposure than those from tropical populations, suggesting they are protected from freezing damages but this cold tolerance has a fitness cost in terms of egg viability. Altogether, our results provide strong evidence for the thermal adaptation of A. albopictus across its wide temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Sherpa
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Grenoble, France
| | - Jordan Tutagata
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Grenoble, France
| | - Thierry Gaude
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Laporte
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Grenoble, France
| | - Shinji Kasai
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Intan H. Ishak
- Insecticide Resistance Research Group (IRRG), Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Xiang Guo
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Sébastien Boyer
- Medical and Veterinary Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sébastien Marcombe
- Medical Entomology and Vector-Borne Disease Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Laos
| | | | - Jean-Philippe David
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Grenoble, France
| | - Xiao-Guang Chen
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Laurence Després
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Grenoble, France
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Wilson RJ, Siqueira AF, Brooks SJ, Price BW, Simon LM, Walt SJ, Fenberg PB. Applying computer vision to digitised natural history collections for climate change research: Temperature‐size responses in British butterflies. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Wilson
- School of Ocean and Earth Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UK
- Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum London UK
| | | | | | | | - Lea M. Simon
- School of Ocean and Earth Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Stéfan J. Walt
- Berkeley Institute for Data Science University of California Berkeley CA USA
| | - Phillip B. Fenberg
- School of Ocean and Earth Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UK
- Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum London UK
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Hill GM, Kawahara AY, Daniels JC, Bateman CC, Scheffers BR. Climate change effects on animal ecology: butterflies and moths as a case study. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2113-2126. [PMID: 34056827 PMCID: PMC8518917 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) are one of the most studied, diverse, and widespread animal groups, making them an ideal model for climate change research. They are a particularly informative model for studying the effects of climate change on species ecology because they are ectotherms that thermoregulate with a suite of physiological, behavioural, and phenotypic traits. While some species have been negatively impacted by climatic disturbances, others have prospered, largely in accordance with their diversity in life-history traits. Here we take advantage of a large repertoire of studies on butterflies and moths to provide a review of the many ways in which climate change is impacting insects, animals, and ecosystems. By studying these climate-based impacts on ecological processes of Lepidoptera, we propose appropriate strategies for species conservation and habitat management broadly across animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geena M. Hill
- Florida Natural Areas InventoryFlorida State University1018 Thomasville Rd., #200‐CTallahasseeFL323303U.S.A.
| | - Akito Y. Kawahara
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of Florida3215 Hull RdGainesvilleFL32611U.S.A.
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Florida876 Newell Dr.GainesvilleFL32611U.S.A.
| | - Jaret C. Daniels
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of Florida3215 Hull RdGainesvilleFL32611U.S.A.
- Department of Entomology and NematologyUniversity of Florida1881 Natural Area Dr.GainesvilleFL32608U.S.A.
| | - Craig C. Bateman
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of Florida3215 Hull RdGainesvilleFL32611U.S.A.
| | - Brett R. Scheffers
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of Florida110 Newins‐Ziegler Hall, P.O. Box 110430GainesvilleFL32611U.S.A.
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Vanbergen AJ, Boissieres C, Gray A, Chapman DS. Habitat loss, predation pressure and episodic heat-shocks interact to impact arthropods and photosynthetic functioning of microecosystems. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210032. [PMID: 33823665 PMCID: PMC8059533 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecosystems face multiple, potentially interacting, anthropogenic pressures that can modify biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Using a bryophyte-microarthropod microecosystem we tested the combined effects of habitat loss, episodic heat-shocks and an introduced non-native apex predator on ecosystem function (chlorophyll fluorescence as an indicator of photosystem II function) and microarthropod communities (abundance and body size). The photosynthetic function was degraded by the sequence of heat-shock episodes, but unaffected by microecosystem patch size or top-down pressure from the introduced predator. In small microecosystem patches without the non-native predator, Acari abundance decreased with heat-shock frequency, while Collembola abundance increased. These trends disappeared in larger microecosystem patches or when predators were introduced, although Acari abundance was lower in large patches that underwent heat-shocks and were exposed to the predator. Mean assemblage body length (Collembola) was reduced independently in small microecosystem patches and with greater heat-shock frequency. Our experimental simulation of episodic heatwaves, habitat loss and non-native predation pressure in microecosystems produced evidence of individual and potentially synergistic and antagonistic effects on ecosystem function and microarthropod communities. Such complex outcomes of interactions between multiple stressors need to be considered when assessing anthropogenic risks for biota and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Vanbergen
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Claire Boissieres
- L'Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, BP 32607, Auzeville-Tolosane 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Alan Gray
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Daniel S. Chapman
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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Elahi R, Miller LP, Litvin SY. Historical comparisons of body size are sensitive to data availability and ecological context. Ecology 2020; 101:e03101. [PMID: 32455494 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Historical comparisons of body size often lack pertinent details, including information on the sampling protocol and relevant ecological covariates that influence body size. Moreover, historical estimates of body size that rely on museum specimens may be biased towards larger size classes because of collector preferences, and thus size thresholds have been used to focus attention on maximum body size. We tested the consequences of sampling design, ecological covariates, and size thresholds on inferences of body-size change using field-contextualized historical records, rather than museum specimens. In 2014-2015, we revisited historical (1947-1963) size-frequency distributions of three gastropods (Tegula funebralis, Lottia digitalis/L. austrodigitalis, Littorina keenae) in the context of population density and tidal height. In general, gastropods declined in size. However, our inferences regarding body-size decline were tempered when the variation between sampling units was taken into consideration, resulting in greater uncertainty around the estimate of proportional change in body size. Gastropod size was correlated with population density and tidal height, and these relationships varied over time. Finally, the magnitude and direction of body-size change varied with the amount of data available for analysis, demonstrating that the use of size thresholds can lead to incomplete conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Elahi
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, 120 Ocean View Boulevard, Pacific Grove, California, 93940, USA
| | - Luke P Miller
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California, 92182, USA
| | - Steven Y Litvin
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, 120 Ocean View Boulevard, Pacific Grove, California, 93940, USA.,Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, California, 95039, USA
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