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Jun TY, Lee KU, Pae CU, Chae JH, Bahk WM, Kim KS, Lew TY. No association of TAP2 polymorphisms in Korean patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Genet 2004; 14:173-6. [PMID: 15318034 DOI: 10.1097/00041444-200409000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polymorphisms of transporters associated with antigen-processing (TAP) genes might influence the susceptibility to schizophrenia by altering the antigen-processing pathway. The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between schizophrenia and the polymorphisms of TAP2 genes. METHOD Two hundred and fifty-seven Korean patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM-IV and 184 normal controls participated in this study. TAP2 polymorphic residues at positions 379, 565 and 665 were typed using amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism. RESULTS Distribution of the alleles and genotypes in patients with schizophrenia was not significantly different from those of controls. CONCLUSIONS This study did not show the association of the TAP2 gene with schizophrenia in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Youn Jun
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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2
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Ritz U, Momburg F, Pircher HP, Strand D, Huber C, Seliger B. Identification of sequences in the human peptide transporter subunit TAP1 required for transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) function. Int Immunol 2001; 13:31-41. [PMID: 11133832 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/13.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterodimeric peptide transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) consisting of the subunits TAP1 and TAP2 mediates the transport of cytosolic peptides into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In order to accurately define domains required for peptide transporter function, a molecular approach based on the construction of a panel of human TAP1 mutants and their expression in TAP1(-/-) cells was employed. The characteristics and biological activity of the various TAP1 mutants were determined, and compared to that of wild-type TAP1 and TAP1(-/-) control cells. All mutant TAP1 proteins were localized in the ER and were capable of forming complexes with the TAP2 subunit. However, the TAP1 mutants analyzed transported peptides with different efficiencies and displayed a heterogeneous MHC class I surface expression pattern which was directly associated with their susceptibility to cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated lysis. Based on this study, the TAP1 mutants can be divided into three categories: those expressing a similar phenotype compared to TAP1(-/-) or wild-type TAP1 cells respectively, and those representing an intermediate phenotype in terms of peptide transport rate, MHC class I surface expression and immune recognition. Thus, the results provide evidence that specific regions in the TAP1 subunit are crucial for the proper processing and presentation of cytosolic antigens to MHC class I-restricted T cells, whereas others may play a minor role in this process.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 3
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/immunology
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/physiology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/genetics
- Biological Transport, Active/genetics
- Biological Transport, Active/immunology
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Dimerization
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Genetic Vectors/chemical synthesis
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/biosynthesis
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Humans
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/physiology
- Sequence Deletion
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/virology
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ritz
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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3
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van Hall T, Sijts A, Camps M, Offringa R, Melief C, Kloetzel PM, Ossendorp F. Differential influence on cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope presentation by controlled expression of either proteasome immunosubunits or PA28. J Exp Med 2000; 192:483-94. [PMID: 10952718 PMCID: PMC2193234 DOI: 10.1084/jem.192.4.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteasome is the principal provider of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-presented peptides. Interferon (IFN)-gamma induces expression of three catalytically active proteasome subunits (LMP2, LMP7, and MECL-1) and the proteasome-associated activator PA28. These molecules are thought to optimize the generation of MHC class I-presented peptides. However, known information on their contribution in vivo is very limited. Here, we examined the antigen processing of two murine leukemia virus-encoded cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes in murine cell lines equipped with a tetracycline-controlled, IFN-gamma-independent expression system. We thus were able to segregate the role of the immunosubunits from the role of PA28. The presence of either immunosubunits or PA28 did not alter the presentation of a subdominant murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-derived CTL epitope. However, the presentation of the immunodominant MuLV-derived epitope was markedly enhanced upon induction of each of these two sets of genes. Thus, the IFN-gamma-inducible proteasome subunits and PA28 can independently enhance antigen presentation of some CTL epitopes. Our data show that tetracycline-regulated expression of PA28 increases CTL epitope generation without affecting the 20S proteasome composition or half-life. The differential effect of these IFN-gamma-inducible proteins on MHC class I processing may have a decisive influence on the quality of the CTL immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alice Sijts
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité, Humboldt University, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Camps
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Offringa
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Melief
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter-M. Kloetzel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité, Humboldt University, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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4
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Beekman NJ, van Veelen PA, van Hall T, Neisig A, Sijts A, Camps M, Kloetzel PM, Neefjes JJ, Melief CJ, Ossendorp F. Abrogation of CTL epitope processing by single amino acid substitution flanking the C-terminal proteasome cleavage site. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 164:1898-905. [PMID: 10657639 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.4.1898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CTL directed against the Moloney murine leukemia virus (MuLV) epitope SSWDFITV recognize Moloney MuLV-induced tumor cells, but do not recognize cells transformed by the closely related Friend MuLV. The potential Friend MuLV epitope has strong sequence homology with Moloney MuLV and only differs in one amino acid within the CTL epitope and one amino acid just outside the epitope. We now show that failure to recognize Friend MuLV-transformed tumor cells is based on a defect in proteasome-mediated processing of the Friend epitope which is due to a single amino acid substitution (N-->D) immediately flanking the C-terminal anchor residue of the epitope. Proteasome-mediated digestion analysis of a synthetic 26-mer peptide derived from the Friend sequence shows that cleavage takes place predominantly C-terminal of D, instead of V as is the case for the Moloney MuLV sequence. Therefore, the C terminus of the epitope is not properly generated. Epitope-containing peptide fragments extended with an additional C-terminal D are not efficiently translocated by TAP and do not show significant binding affinity to MHC class I-Kb molecules. Thus, a potential CTL epitope present in the Friend virus sequence is not properly processed and presented because of a natural flanking aspartic acid that obliterates the correct C-terminal cleavage site. This constitutes a novel way to subvert proteasome-mediated generation of proper antigenic peptide fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Beekman
- Department of Immunohematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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5
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Saito NG, Chang HC, Paterson Y. Recognition of an MHC Class I-Restricted Antigenic Peptide Can Be Modulated by para-Substitution of Its Buried Tyrosine Residues in a TCR-Specific Manner. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.10.5998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Conformational dependence of TCR contact residues of the H-2Kb molecule on the two buried tyrosine side chains of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-8 peptide was investigated by systematic substitutions of the tyrosines with phenylalanine, p-fluorophenylalanine (pFF), or p-bromophenylalanine (pBrF). The results of peptide competition CTL assays revealed that all of the peptide variants, except for the pBrF analogues, had near-native binding to the H-2Kb molecule. Epitope-mapped anti-H-2Kb mAbs detected conformational differences among H-2Kb molecules stabilized with these VSV-8 variants on RMA-S cells. Selective recognition of the VSV-8 analogues was displayed by a panel of three H-2Kb-restricted, anti-VSV-8 TCRs. Thus, these substitutions result in an antigenically significant conformational change of the MHC molecular surface structure at both C and D pockets, and the effect of this change on cognate T cell recognition is dependent on the TCR structure. Our results confirm that the structure of buried peptide side chains can determine the surface conformation of the MHC molecule and demonstrate that even a very subtle structural nuance of the buried side chain can be incorporated into the surface conformation of the MHC molecule. The ability of buried residues to modulate this molecular surface augments the number of residues on the MHC-peptide complex that can be recognized as “foreign” by the CD8+ T cell repertoire and allows for a higher level of antigenic discrimination. This may be an important mechanism to expand the total number of TCR specificities that can respond to a single peptide determinant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki G. Saito
- *Department of Microbiology and Eldridge Reeves Johnson Foundation for Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Hsiu-Ching Chang
- †Laboratory of Immunobiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yvonne Paterson
- *Department of Microbiology and Eldridge Reeves Johnson Foundation for Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
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6
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Momburg F, Hämmerling GJ. Generation and TAP-mediated transport of peptides for major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. Adv Immunol 1998; 68:191-256. [PMID: 9505090 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Momburg
- Department of Molecular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Snyder HL, Bacík I, Bennink JR, Kearns G, Behrens TW, Bächi T, Orlowski M, Yewdell JW. Two novel routes of transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)-independent major histocompatibility complex class I antigen processing. J Exp Med 1997; 186:1087-98. [PMID: 9314557 PMCID: PMC2199067 DOI: 10.1084/jem.186.7.1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Jaw1 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein representative of a class of proteins post translationally inserted into membranes via a type II membrane anchor (cytosolic NH2 domain, lumenal COOH domain) in a translocon-independent manner. We found that Jaw1 can efficiently deliver a COOH-terminal antigenic peptide to class I molecules in transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)-deficient cells or cells in which TAP is inactivated by the ICP47 protein. Peptide delivery mediated by Jaw1 to class I molecules was equal or better than that mediated by the adenovirus E3/19K glycoprotein signal sequence, and was sufficient to enable cytofluorographic detection of newly recruited thermostabile class I molecules at the surface of TAP-deficient cells. Deletion of the transmembrane region retargeted Jaw1 from the ER to the cytosol, and severely, although incompletely, abrogated its TAP-independent peptide carrier activity. Use of different protease inhibitors revealed the involvement of a nonproteasomal protease in the TAP-independent activity of cytosolic Jaw1. These findings demonstrate two novel TAP-independent routes of antigen processing; one based on highly efficient peptide liberation from the COOH terminus of membrane proteins in the ER, the other on delivery of a cytosolic protein to the ER by an unknown route.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Snyder
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0440, USA
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8
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Lobigs M, Müllbacher A. Recombinant expression of vaccinia virus-encoded TAP1 and TAP2 promotes MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation in a Syrian hamster cell line. Immunol Cell Biol 1995; 73:181-4. [PMID: 7797238 DOI: 10.1038/icb.1995.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP) molecules supply small peptides to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum for assembly with MHC class I glycoproteins. Here we report that a Syrian hamster cell line, BHK, which is commonly used in cell biological and virological investigations, is deficient in antigen presentation in a xenogeneic model. Thus when the mouse MHC class I restriction element, Kd, is expressed in BHK cells via a vaccinia virus (VV) recombinant, no significant recognition by VV-immune and Kd-restricted cytotoxic T cells is induced. This defect is apparently a consequence of a deficiency in TAP-dependent peptide transport and can be repaired when rat TAP1 and TAP2 are provided by recombinant VV expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lobigs
- Division of Cell Biology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra
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