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Lee SH, Noh JW, Kim KB, Chae JH. The impact of coping strategies and positive resources on post-traumatic stress symptoms among bereaved families of the Sewol ferry disaster. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1367976. [PMID: 38628257 PMCID: PMC11018955 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1367976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study investigated the long-term prevalence of, and factors associated with, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among the bereaved families of the Sewol ferry disaster, in which 250 students lost their lives during a school excursion. Methods Eight years after the disaster, 181 family members were surveyed, and the prevalence of clinical PTSD symptoms was estimated. The Positive Resources Test (POREST), the Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire, and the Brief COPE were evaluated using self-report measures. The multivariable binomial logistic regression was used to identify protective and risk factors for PTSD. Results PTSD symptoms were present in 49.7% of the family members 8 years after the incident. A one-point increase in the score on the optimism subscale of the POREST was associated with a 20.1% decreased likelihood of having clinical PTSD symptoms (OR = 0.799; p = 0.027; 95% CI = 0.655-0.975). Conversely, a one-point increase in the score on the avoidant subscale of Brief COPE was associated with a 13.2% increased likelihood of having clinical PTSD symptoms (OR = 1.132; p = 0.041; 95% CI = 1.005-1.274). Discussion Our results provide evidence of the need for long-term mental health monitoring of bereaved families of disaster victims, along with valuable insights for the development of mental health intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Noh
- Division of Health Administration, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Beom Kim
- Department of International Healthcare Administration, College of Bio and Medical Sciences, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jang KI, Kim S, Chae JH, Lee C. Machine learning-based classification using electroencephalographic multi-paradigms between drug-naïve patients with depression and healthy controls. J Affect Disord 2023; 338:270-277. [PMID: 37271294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroencephalography (EEG) is a supplementary diagnostic tool in psychiatry but lacks practical usage. EEG has demonstrated inconsistent diagnostic ability because major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder with complex pathologies. In clinical psychiatry, it is essential to detect these complexities using multiple EEG paradigms. Though the application of machine learning to EEG signals in psychiatry has increased, an improvement in its classification performance is still required clinically. We tested the classification performance of multiple EEG paradigms in drug-naïve patients with MDD and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS Thirty-one drug-naïve patients with MDD and 31 HCs were recruited in this study. Resting-state EEG (REEG), the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP), and P300 were recorded for all participants. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers with t-test-based feature selection were used to classify patients and HCs. RESULTS The highest accuracy was 94.52 % when 14 selected features, including 12 P300 amplitudes (P300A) and two LDAEP features, were layered. The accuracy was 90.32 % when a SVM classifier for 30 selected features (14 P300A, 14 LDAEP, and 2 REEG) was layered in comparison to each REEG, P300A, and LDAEP, the best accuracies of which were 71.57 % (2-layered with LDA), 87.12 % (1-layered with LDA), and 83.87 % (6-layered with SVM), respectively. LIMITATIONS The present study was limited by small sample size and difference in formal education year. CONCLUSIONS Multiple EEG paradigms are more beneficial than a single EEG paradigm for classifying drug-naïve patients with MDD and HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuk-In Jang
- Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkean Kim
- Department of Human-Computer Interaction, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of psychiatry, College of medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chany Lee
- Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Oh J, Jeon S, Ha TH, Myung W, Lee SH, Ko YH, Kim DH, Lee HY, Chae JH. Effect of Home-based Self-administered Transcranial Direct Stimulation in Patients with Mild to Moderate Major Depressive Disorder: A Single-arm, Multicentral Trial. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2023; 21:271-278. [PMID: 37119219 PMCID: PMC10157007 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2023.21.2.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective Although the effects and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) treatment in depressive patients are largely investigated, whether the self-administration of tDCS treatment at patient's home is comparable to clinic-based treatment is still unknown. Methods In this single-arm, multi-center clinical trial, 61 patients with mild to moderate major depressive disorder were enrolled. tDCS treatment was delivered at the patient's home once a day, 5 to 7 times a week for 6 weeks, and each session lasted for 30 minutes. The primary outcome was a total Beck-Depression Inventory-II score, and no concurrent antidepressants were used. Results The remission rates in both Full-Analysis (FA) (n = 61) and Per-Protocol (PP) (n = 43) groups were statistically significant (FA: 57.4% [0.44-0.70], PP: 62.8% [0.47-0.77]; percent [95% confidence interval]). The degree of depression- related symptoms was also significantly improved in 2, 4, and 6 weeks after the treatment when compared with baseline. There was no significant association between treatment compliance and remission rate in both FA and PP groups. Conclusion These results suggest that acute treatment of patient-administered tDCS might be effective in improving the subjective feeling of depressive symptoms in mild to moderate major depressive disorder patients.
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Lee MS, Kim SJ, Chae JH, Bhang SY, Lee M, Kim HB, Huh HJ. Pilot Study About the Effects of the Soma Experiencing Motion (Soma e-Motion) Program on Interoceptive Awareness and Self-Compassion. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:284-292. [PMID: 36990672 PMCID: PMC10064203 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the Soma experiencing motion (Soma e-motion) program on interoceptive awareness and self-compassion among novices. METHODS A total of 19 adults (clinical group=9, non-clinical group=10) participated in the intervention. Psychological and physical changes after program were qualitatively analyzed using in-depth interviews. The Korean Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (K-MAIA) and the Korean version of the Self-Compassion Scale (K-SCS) were used as quantitative measures. RESULTS The non-clinical group showed statistically significant differences in the K-MAIA scores (z=-2.805, p<0.01) and K-SCS scores (z=-2.191, p<0.05); however, the clinical group showed no significant differences (K-MAIA: z=-0.652, p>0.05; K-SCS: z=-0.178, p>0.05). According to the in-depth interviews, the results of the qualitative analysis were categorized into five dimensions (psychological and emotional, physical, cognitive, behavioral, and aspects participants found challenging and needs improvement). CONCLUSION The Soma e-motion program was feasible for improving interoceptive awareness and self-compassion in the non-clinical group. However, further research is needed to investigate the clinical efficacy of the Soma e-motion program for clinical group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for School Mental Health, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Je Kim
- Soma Yoga Movement Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Young Bhang
- Center for School Mental Health, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mimi Lee
- Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Beom Kim
- Department of Social Welfare, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyu Jung Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim WH, Jung YE, Roh D, Kim D, Chae JH, Park JE. Development of Korean Version of PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (K-PCL-5) and the Short Form (K-PCL-5-S). Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:661-667. [PMID: 36059055 PMCID: PMC9441456 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study presents the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-fifth edition (DSM-5) (K-PCL-5) and the short form (K-PCL-5-S). METHODS Seventy-one subjects with PTSD, 74 subjects with mood or anxiety disorders, and 99 healthy controls were enrolled. The Korean version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5-research version was used to confirm the presence of PTSD. The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used to evaluate the concurrent validity of the K-PCL-5 and K-PCL-5-S. RESULTS It presented good internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.93) and test-retest reliability (r=0.90). The K-PCL-5 and K-PCL-5-S were highly correlated with the BDI-II, BAI, IES-R, STAI-S, and STAI-T. The suggested cutoff score for PTSD was 33 for the K-PCL-5 with a sensitivity of 88.51 and specificity of 89.09, and 6 for the K-PCL-5-S with a sensitivity of 91.95 and specificity of 89.09. The data were best explained with a one-factor model. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated the good reliability and validity of the K-PCL-5 and K-PCL-5-S, and their suitability as simple tools for PTSD assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Hyoung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeyoung Roh
- Department of Psychiatry, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeho Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University Medical School, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Eon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Keyo Hospital, Uiwang, Republic of Korea
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Jang KI, Kim S, Lee C, Chae JH. Association between the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials and age in patients with schizophrenia and depression. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221109789. [PMID: 35808808 PMCID: PMC9274422 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221109789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Although serotonergic dysfunction is significantly associated with major
depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SCZ), comparison of
serotonergic dysfunction in both diseases has received little attention.
Serotonin hypotheses have suggested diminished and elevated serotonin
activity in MDD and SCZ, respectively. However, the foundations underlying
these hypotheses are unclear regarding changes in serotonin
neurotransmission in the aging brain. The loudness dependence of auditory
evoked potentials (LDAEP) reflects serotonin neurotransmission. The present
study compared the LDAEP between patients with SCZ or MDD and healthy
controls (HCs). We further examined whether age was correlated with the
LDAEP and clinical symptoms. Methods This prospective clinical study included 105 patients with SCZ (n = 54) or
MDD (n = 51). Additionally, 35 HCs were recruited for this study. The LDAEP
was measured on the midline channels via 62 electroencephalography
channels. Results Patients with SCZ or MDD showed a significantly smaller mean LDAEP than those
in HCs. The LDAEP was positively correlated with age in patients with SCZ or
MDD. Conclusions Changes in central serotonergic activity could be indicated by evaluating the
LDAEP in patients with SCZ or MDD. Age-related reductions in serotonergic
activity may be screened using the LDAEP in patients with SCZ or MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuk-In Jang
- Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkean Kim
- Department of Human-Computer Interaction, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chany Lee
- Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee MS, Huh HJ, Oh J, Chae JH. Comparative Analysis of the Psychosocial Symptoms and Experiences of Bereaved Parents and Parents of Children Who Survived the Sewol Ferry Accident After 5 Years: A Qualitative Interview Study. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e155. [PMID: 35578587 PMCID: PMC9110262 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the psychosocial symptoms and experiences of bereaved parents of victims and parents of survivors of the Sewol Ferry accident five years after the accident. METHODS In-depth interviews of 186 bereaved parents of victims or survivors of the Sewol Ferry accident were conducted. We elicited and categorized meaning units relevant to the psychological, cognitive, and physical traits of the participants from these interviews. Differences in responses between bereaved parents and survivors' parents and between genders were examined using frequency analyses and χ² tests. RESULTS Data were organized under seven headings: observed attitude and impression of participants, difficulties due to mental health problems, difficulties due to physical pain, difficulties in relationships, negative changes following the incident, positive changes following the incident, and help needed. Within these headings, 27 themes, 60 sub-themes, and 80 meaning units were elicited. CONCLUSION This study explored the psychiatric, physical, and relational problems reported by bereaved parents and those of survivors as well as major changes in their personal and social lives after the Sewol Ferry accident. Differences in responses according to gender were also identified. The results from this study could inform and facilitate the implementation of intervention measures, such as long-term psychological evaluation, to bereaved parents of victims or survivors of disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Center for School Mental Health, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyu Jung Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jihoon Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Oh J, Jang KI, Jeon S, Chae JH. Effect of Self-administered Transcranial Direct Stimulation in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized, Single-blinded Clinical Trial. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2022; 20:87-96. [PMID: 35078951 PMCID: PMC8813309 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2022.20.1.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective In numerous studies that have addressed transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) devices, participants visit the hospital regularly and undergo stimulation directed by health professionals. This method has the advantage of being able to deliver accurate stimuli in a controlled environment, but it does not adopt the merits of tDCS portability and applicability. Thus, it may be necessary to investigate how self-administered tDCS treatment at home affects depression-related symptoms. Methods In this randomized, single-blinded clinical trial, 58 patients with major depressive disorder were assigned to active and sham tDCS stimulation groups, and treatment responses were evaluated biweekly over six weeks. Both active and sham tDCS treatment group were treated with escitalopram. All participants were instructed the protocol and usage of at-home tDCS device, and self-administered tDCS treatment at their home. Results The beck-depression inventory score decreased significantly as treatment progressed, and the degree of symptom improvement was significantly higher in the active group than in the sham tDCS group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in other indices, including the Hamilton Depression Scale. Conclusion These results suggest that patient-administered tDCS treatment might be effective in improving subjective symptoms of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kuk-In Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sekye Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Lee MS, Kim SJ, Chae JH, Park EJ, Won WY, Jeon YW, Huh HJ. A Mixed-Methods Study Protocol for Soma Experiencing Motion Program (Soma e-motion Program): The Effectiveness of Contemplative Movement for Emotion Regulation. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:500-504. [PMID: 34218639 PMCID: PMC8256138 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2021.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatics refers to body work and movement study that emphasize internal perception and experience. Recently, a new perspective has emerged that views somatics-based techniques as a kind of mindful movement. Somatic techniques as contemplative movement can improve emotional regulation ability through improvement of body awareness or interoception. Based on this background, the present study attempts to develop a somatics based program suitable for a group of clinical patients suffering from emotional dysregulation. This study plans to collect quantitative and qualitative data in order to clarify how interoception and the related emotional regulation ability change after the program. These findings will help to explore whether the somatics technique has potential as an emotion regulation program in the future. In addition, the results are expected to contribute to finding an alternative treatment modality for patients who have not achieved a sufficient effect with conventional psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Lee
- Suicide and School Mental Health Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Je Kim
- Soma Yoga Movement Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E-Jin Park
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wang Yeon Won
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Whan Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyu Jung Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this article was to identify independent factors associated with suicide attempts in patients with depression and/or anxiety. Background and Aims: This study was conducted in order to examine whether risk and protective psychological factors influence the risk of suicide attempts among outpatients with anxiety and/or depressive disorders. In this regard, explanatory models have been reported to detect high-risk groups for suicide attempt. We also examined whether identified factors serve as mediators on suicide attempts. Materials and Methods: Patients from 18 to 65 years old from an outpatient clinic at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital were invited to join clinical studies. From September 2010 to November 2017, a total of 737 participants were included in the final sample. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-being Scale (FACIT-Sp-12), and Functional Social Support Questionnaire (FSSQ) were used to assess psychiatric symptoms. An independent samples t-test, a chi-square test, hierarchical multiple regression analyses, and the Baron and Kenny's procedures were performed in order to analyze data. Results: Young age, childhood history of emotional and sexual abuse, depression, and a low level of spirituality were significant independent factors for increased suicide attempts. Depression was reported to mediate the relationship between childhood emotional and sexual abuse, spirituality, and suicide attempts. Conclusions: Identifying the factors that significantly affect suicidality may be important for establishing effective plans of suicide prevention. Strategic assessments and interventions aimed at decreasing depression and supporting spirituality may be valuable for suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Tae
- Stress Clinic, Health Promotion Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Huh HJ, Lee SY, Lee SS, Chae JH. A Network Model of Positive Resources, Temperament, Childhood Trauma, and Comorbid Symptoms for Patient with Depressive Disorders. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:214-224. [PMID: 33685037 PMCID: PMC8016691 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Temperament, positive resources, childhood trauma, and other clinical comorbid symptoms are related to depressive symptom severity. Here, we used network analysis to examine the interrelations between these clinical factors in patients with depressive disorders. METHODS Patients with depressive disorders (n=454) completed self-report questionnaires evaluating clinical symptoms, childhood trauma, temperament, and positive resources. To identify network pattern and the most central aspect, we performed network analysis and centrality analyses. First, we analyzed the network pattern in total participants. Second, we established two groups of those with severe depressive symptoms and those with mild depressive symptoms and compared their network patterns. RESULTS Deficient optimism and depression were the central factors in the network of total participants. In the group with severe depressive symptoms, lack of social support and childhood emotional trauma showed high centrality. Deficient social support and other positive resources played central roles in the group with mild depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Network pattern of psychological factors was different between those with mild or severe depression. Lack of positive resources is an important factor in psychological processes in both mild and severe depression. However, childhood emotional trauma may play a relatively important role in patients with severe depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyu Jung Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Young Lee
- Department of Library, Archives and Information Studies, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Sang Lee
- Department of Library, Archives and Information Studies, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Oh J, Nam H, Park S, Chae JH, Kim TS. Decreased cardiovascular death in schizophrenia patients treated with antipsychotics: A Korean national cohort study. Schizophr Res 2021; 228:417-424. [PMID: 33556675 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia have a reduced life expectancy, but the association between antipsychotic usage and cause of death is uncertain. METHODS The authors observed associations of antipsychotic usage with the mortality rate and cause of death in a population-based cohort of the Korean National Health Insurance Service database from 2003 to 2017. A total of 86,923 patients with schizophrenia were categorized by the total duration of antipsychotic prescription after schizophrenia diagnosis into treated (n = 77,139) and untreated (n = 9784) groups. The main outcome was all-cause mortality; causes of death included cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, diabetes, cancer, accident, suicide and homicide. RESULTS The numbers of all-cause deaths and deaths from individual causes were significantly lower in the antipsychotic-treated group than in the untreated group (all cases, p < 10-4). When adjusted for covariates (age, sex, income, body mass index, alcohol consumption, hypertension, cancer and cerebral stroke), mortality rates due to ischemic heart disease (hazard ratio, HR, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.18-0.77]) and stroke (HR, 0.39 [95% CI, 0.19-0.80]) were significantly lower in the antipsychotic-treated group. Among 4 atypical antipsychotics (olanzapine, risperidone, aripiprazole and quetiapine), only aripiprazole was associated with a decreased mortality risk relative to olanzapine (HR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.32-0.96]). CONCLUSIONS Schizophrenia patients constantly prescribed antipsychotics had significantly lower rates of death from certain cardiovascular illnesses than untreated patients. Aripiprazole-treated schizophrenia was associated with a decreased risk of death compared with olanzapine-treated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Nam
- Hanmi Data Science Team, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Park
- Hanmi Data Science Team, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Suk Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lee SH, Noh JW, Kim KB, Kim EJ, Oh J, Chae JH. Factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder among bereaved family members and surviving students two and half years after the Sewol ferry accident in South Korea. Psychiatry Res 2021; 296:113666. [PMID: 33401093 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Sewol ferry accident was a human-made disaster that caused the death of 250 high school students on board the ferry. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most serious mental health sequela among those exposed to disasters. Therefore this study assessed the PTSD symptoms among bereaved family members and surviving students after the disaster, along with associated risk factors. METHODS Bereaved family members (N = 80) and surviving students (N = 48) of the disaster were assessed by self-reported questionnaires 2.5 years after the disaster. Sociodemographic and psychological variables (i.e., PTSD, depression, embitterment, rumination, and others) were obtained. Multivariable Poisson regression analyses were conducted to identify the factors associated with PTSD symptoms. RESULTS Sixty-seven (83.8%) of the bereaved family members and three (6.3%) of the surviving students were suffering from probable PTSD. Depression and embitterment were associated with PTSD symptoms in both groups. Social support and meaning in life were related to PTSD symptoms only in the surviving students, while intrusive rumination and posttraumatic growth were related to PTSD symptoms only in the bereaved family members. CONCLUSIONS These findings may help identify high-risk groups for PTSD and aid the development of psychological interventions to ameliorate PTSD symptoms of those affected by disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Won Noh
- Department of Health Administration, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Beom Kim
- Department of Health Administration, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Maumtodoc Mental Health Clinic, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
| | - Jihoon Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Jang KI, Kim S, Kim SY, Lee C, Chae JH. Machine Learning-Based Electroencephalographic Phenotypes of Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:745458. [PMID: 34721112 PMCID: PMC8549692 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.745458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Psychiatric diagnosis is formulated by symptomatic classification; disease-specific neurophysiological phenotyping could help with its fundamental treatment. Here, we investigated brain phenotyping in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD) by using electroencephalography (EEG) and conducted machine-learning-based classification of the two diseases by using EEG components. Materials and Methods: We enrolled healthy controls (HCs) (n = 30) and patients with SZ (n = 34) and MDD (n = 33). An auditory P300 (AP300) task was performed, and the N1 and P3 components were extracted. Two-group classification was conducted using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers. Positive and negative symptoms and depression and/or anxiety symptoms were evaluated. Results: Considering both the results of statistical comparisons and machine learning-based classifications, patients and HCs showed significant differences in AP300, with SZ and MDD showing lower N1 and P3 than HCs. In the sum of amplitudes and cortical sources, the findings for LDA with classification accuracy (SZ vs. HCs: 71.31%, MDD vs. HCs: 74.55%), sensitivity (SZ vs. HCs: 77.67%, MDD vs. HCs: 79.00%), and specificity (SZ vs. HCs: 64.00%, MDD vs. HCs: 69.67%) supported these results. The SVM classifier showed reasonable scores between SZ and HCs and/or MDD and HCs. The comparison between SZ and MDD showed low classification accuracy (59.71%), sensitivity (65.08%), and specificity (54.83%). Conclusions: Patients with SZ and MDD showed deficiencies in N1 and P3 components in the sum of amplitudes and cortical sources, indicating attentional dysfunction in both early and late sensory/cognitive gating input. The LDA and SVM classifiers in the AP300 are useful to distinguish patients with SZ and HCs and/or MDD and HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuk-In Jang
- Department of Cognitive Science Research, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sungkean Kim
- Department of Human-Computer Interaction, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chany Lee
- Department of Cognitive Science Research, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Huh HJ, Kim KH, Lee HK, Jeong BR, Hwang JH, Chae JH. Perceived Stress, Positive Resources and Their Interactions as Possible Related Factors for Depressive Symptoms. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:59-68. [PMID: 33561930 PMCID: PMC7897868 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to explore how the patterns of interaction between stress and positive resources differ according to the severity of depression and which resources play the most important role among the various positive resources. METHODS The study included 1,806 people who had visited a health screening center for a mental health check-up to evaluate the levels of perceived stress, positive resources, and depressive symptoms. The participants were divided into a depressive group (n=1,642, mean age 50.60, female 68%) and a non-depressive group (n=164, mean age 48.42, female 66.6%). We conducted hierarchical regression analyses and simple slope analyses to examine the interaction between perceived stress and positive resources. RESULTS The interaction between perceived stress and optimism was significantly associated with depression in non-depressive groups. In depressive groups, the interactions between five types of positive resources (optimism, purpose in life, self-control, social support and care) and perceived stress were all significantly related to depression. CONCLUSION Interventions that promote optimism can be helpful for preventing inevitable stress from leading to depression. A deficiency in positive resources may be a factor in aggravating depression in stressful situations for people reporting moderate to severe depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyu Jung Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Kim
- Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Social Science, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Lee
- Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Social Science, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Jeong
- Catholic Emotion Research Laboratory, Catholic Biomedical Industrial Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Hwang
- Catholic Emotion Research Laboratory, Catholic Biomedical Industrial Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Catholic Emotion Research Laboratory, Catholic Biomedical Industrial Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Jang KI, Lee C, Lee S, Huh S, Chae JH. Comparison of frontal alpha asymmetry among schizophrenia patients, major depressive disorder patients, and healthy controls. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:586. [PMID: 33302919 PMCID: PMC7727195 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02972-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroencephalography (EEG) frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) has been observed in several psychiatric disorders. Dominance in left or right frontal alpha activity remains inconsistent in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), patients with schizophrenia, and healthy controls. This study compared FAA among patients with MDD and schizophrenia, and healthy controls. METHODS We recruited 20 patients with MDD, 18 patients with schizophrenia, and 16 healthy individuals. The EEG alpha frequency ranged from 8 Hz to 12 Hz. FAA was expressed as the difference between absolute power values of right and left hemisphere electrodes in the alpha frequency range (common-log-transformed frontal right- and left-hemisphere electrodes: F4-F3, F8-F7, FP2-FP1, AF4-AF3, F6-F5, and F2-F1). Hamilton depression and anxiety rating scales were evaluated in patients with MDD. Positive and negative syndrome scales were evaluated in patients with schizophrenia. RESULTS Patients with schizophrenia showed significantly lower left FAA than healthy controls (F4-F3, schizophrenia vs. healthy controls: - 0.10 ± 0.04 vs. -0.05 ± 0.05). There were no significant differences in FAA between patients with schizophrenia and MDD as well as between patients with MDD and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that FAA indicates a relatively lower activation of left frontal electrodes in schizophrenia. The left-lateralized FAA could be a neuropathological attribute in patients with schizophrenia, but a lack of sample size and information such as medication and duration of illness might obscure the interpretation and generalization of our findings. Thus, further studies to verify the findings would be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuk-In Jang
- grid.452628.f0000 0004 5905 0571Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chany Lee
- grid.452628.f0000 0004 5905 0571Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701 South Korea
| | - Seung Huh
- grid.411947.e0000 0004 0470 4224Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701 South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea.
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17
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Huh HJ, Kim KH, Lee HK, Chae JH. Attachment Style, Complicated Grief and Post-Traumatic Growth in Traumatic Loss: The Role of Intrusive and Deliberate Rumination. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17:636-644. [PMID: 32631035 PMCID: PMC7385220 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2019.0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examines the effects of attachment styles on the grief response and the indirect effect of rumination in parents who lost a child in the Sewol Ferry accident. METHODS Bereaved parents (n=81) completed self-report questionnaires evaluating their attachment style (Experience in Close Relationship-Short form), traumatic loss related rumination (Event-Related Rumination Inventory), degree of complicated grief (Inventory of Complicated Grief), and post-traumatic growth (Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory). Data were analyzed using correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and bootstrapping. RESULTS The indirect effect of event-related intrusive rumination was significant in the relationship between attachment avoidance and complicated grief. The path from attachment avoidance to post-traumatic growth via deliberate rumination was not significant. With respect toattachment anxiety and post-traumatic growth, the indirect effect of deliberate rumination was significant. But the indirect effect of intrusive rumination was not significant in the relationships among attachment anxiety, complicated grief, and post-traumatic growth. CONCLUSION Individuals with attachment anxiety could obtain post-traumatic growth via deliberate rumination. By contrast, attachment avoidance was associated with the risk of maladaptive grief. Grief interventions should account for individual differences in attachment styles through interventions that manage intrusive rumination and strengthen deliberate rumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyu Jung Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Kim
- Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Lee
- Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Oh J, Yun K, Chae JH, Kim TS. Association Between Macronutrients Intake and Depression in the United States and South Korea. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:207. [PMID: 32256414 PMCID: PMC7090018 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the risk for depression appears to be related to daily dietary habits, how the proportion of major macronutrients affects the occurrence of depression remains largely unknown. This study aims to estimate the association between macronutrients (i.e., carbohydrate, protein, fat) and depression through national survey datasets from the United States and South Korea. Association between the prevalence of depression and each macronutrient was measured from 60,935 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and 15,700 participants from the South Korea NHANES (K-NHANES) databases. When the proportion of calories intake by protein increased by 10%, the prevalence of depression was significantly reduced both in the United States [Odds Ratio, OR (95% CI), 0.621 (0.530-0.728)] and South Korea [0.703 (0.397-0.994)]. An association between carbohydrate intake and the prevalence of depression was seen in the United States [1.194 (1.116-1.277)], but not in South Korea. Fat intake was not significantly associated with depression in either country. Subsequent analysis showed that the low protein intake groups had significantly higher risk for depression than the normal protein intake groups in both the United States [1.648 (1.179-2.304)] and South Korea [3.169 (1.598-6.286)]. In the daily diet of macronutrients, the proportion of protein intake is significantly associated with the prevalence of depression. These associations were more prominent in adults with insufficient protein intake, and the pattern of association between macronutrients and depression in Asian American and South Korean populations were similar. Our findings suggest that the proportion of macronutrients intake in everyday life may be related to the occurrence of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyongsik Yun
- Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
- Bio-Inspired Technologies and Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Suk Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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19
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Huh HJ, Jeong BR, Hwang JH, Chae JH. High Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System Sensitivity, Childhood Emotional Neglect and Their Interaction as Possible Related Factors for Adult Attachment Style in Depression. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17:122-129. [PMID: 32046471 PMCID: PMC7047001 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2019.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individual differences in attachment insecurity are important in a broad range of mental health problems. However, few empirical studies have examined the clinical factors that contribute to individual differences in attachment style. This study examines the nature of interrelationships among adult attachment styles, sensitivities of behavioral activation system/behavioral inhibition system (BIS/BAS), and childhood trauma in patients with depressive disorders. METHODS Patients with depressive disorders (n=294) completed self-report questionnaires evaluating adult attachment style, childhood trauma, and BIS/BAS sensitivity. We performed multiple regression analyses to examine the associations between attachment style and other clinical factors, including childhood trauma and BIS/BAS sensitivity. We also conducted hierarchical regression analyses and simple slope analyses to examine the interaction between BIS/BAS sensitivity and childhood trauma. RESULTS The BAS sensitivity was negatively associated with attachment avoidance. The higher was the BIS/BAS sensitivity, the higher was the level of attachment anxiety. Among childhood trauma, emotional neglect contributed to both dimensions of insecure attachment. The interaction between BAS sensitivity and emotional neglect is significantly associated with attachment anxiety. CONCLUSION This study used data regarding the interrelationship of childhood trauma and basic motivational systems to contribute to the understanding of adult insecure attachment behaviors, a risk factor for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyu Jung Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Hwang
- Catholic Emotion Research Laboratory, Catholic Biomedical Industrial Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Catholic Emotion Research Laboratory, Catholic Biomedical Industrial Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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20
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although distinctive structural abnormalities occur in patients with schizophrenia, detecting schizophrenia with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains challenging. This study aimed to detect schizophrenia in structural MRI data sets using a trained deep learning algorithm. METHOD Five public MRI data sets (BrainGluSchi, COBRE, MCICShare, NMorphCH, and NUSDAST) from schizophrenia patients and normal subjects, for a total of 873 structural MRI data sets, were used to train a deep convolutional neural network. RESULTS The deep learning algorithm trained with structural MR images detected schizophrenia in randomly selected images with reliable performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] of 0.96). The algorithm could also identify MR images from schizophrenia patients in a previously unencountered data set with an AUC of 0.71 to 0.90. The deep learning algorithm's classification performance degraded to an AUC of 0.71 when a new data set with younger patients and a shorter duration of illness than the training data sets was presented. The brain region contributing the most to the performance of the algorithm was the right temporal area, followed by the right parietal area. Semitrained clinical specialists hardly discriminated schizophrenia patients from healthy controls (AUC: 0.61) in the set of 100 randomly selected brain images. CONCLUSIONS The deep learning algorithm showed good performance in detecting schizophrenia and identified relevant structural features from structural brain MRI data; it had an acceptable classification performance in a separate group of patients at an earlier stage of the disease. Deep learning can be used to delineate the structural characteristics of schizophrenia and to provide supplementary diagnostic information in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Baek-Lok Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyong-Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyongsik Yun
- Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States.,Bio-Inspired Technologies and Systems, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
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21
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Seo HJ, Baek YG, Cho BS, Kim TS, Um YH, Chae JH. Anxiety and Depression of the Patients with Hematological Malignancies during Hospitalization for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Psychiatry Investig 2019; 16:751-758. [PMID: 31558690 PMCID: PMC6801322 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2019.07.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the anxiety and depression in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). METHODS Eighty-seven adult patients with various hematologic diseases, who were scheduled to receive autologous or allogeneic HSCT, were enrolled. The M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale were applied prospectively at hospital admission (D-14), on the day of transplantation (D day), and at 7 (D7) and 14 days (D14) after transplantation. RESULTS The severity of both anxiety and depressive symptoms increased over time, with a peak at D7, and then showed a downturn at D14. Physical distresses also started with mild intensity at base line, which were continuously aggravated until D7, and then a partial recovery afterwards. Approximately, 52% of the participants had significantly high anxiety or depression before the start of HSCT. The occurrence of aggravation of pain, nausea, shortness of breath, and lack of appetite was associated with the development of anxiety during isolation period. The patients with significant baseline anxiety had higher scores on fatigue and shortness of breath items at D7 compared to those without. CONCLUSION Our finding suggests the importance of psychiatric approaches, including preventive measures, for the patients undergoing HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jun Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gun Baek
- Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Sik Cho
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Suk Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Hyun Um
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Lee S, Jang KI, Yoon S, Chae JH. The Efficacy of Miniaturized Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients with Depression. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2019; 17:409-414. [PMID: 31352707 PMCID: PMC6705096 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2019.17.3.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at a high frequency using a miniaturized device compared to standard rTMS and sham rTMS for the treatment of depression. Methods Fifty-four patients with depression were randomly assigned to either 15 days of miniaturized, standard, or sham rTMS. The stimulation consisted of 60 trains of 5 seconds at 10 Hz for 30 minutes. Clinical measures were assessed at baseline and on the final day of the stimulation. Results A repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a significant main effect of time and a time by group interaction on Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores. There were no significant correlations between individual motor thresholds and changes of clinical outcomes. Our results revealed a significant reduction in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression in the miniaturized and standard groups compared to the sham group. Conclusion The antidepressant utility of miniaturized rTMS using subthreshold stimulation was comparable to that of standard stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmin Lee
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Korea.,Institute of Biomedical Industry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kuk-In Jang
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Korea.,Institute of Biomedical Industry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Korea.,Institute of Biomedical Industry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Woo JM, Tae H, Kim H, Cha H, Lim SK, Chae JH, Kim JH. The effect of positive psychology group intervention for occupationally injured employees. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2019.1646657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Woo
- Hanbyul Psychiatric Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Tae
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haejung Kim
- Korea Employee Assistance Professionals Association, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Cha
- Korea Employee Assistance Professionals Association, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kyeon Lim
- Korea Employee Assistance Professionals Association, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Kim
- Department of Psychology, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Tae H, Jeong BR, Chae JH. Sleep problems as a risk factor for suicide: Are certain specific sleep domains associated with increased suicide risk? J Affect Disord 2019; 252:182-189. [PMID: 30986733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between sleep problems and suicidal ideation in depressive patients. BACKGROUND AND AIMS Evidence from diverse settings and populations indicates that sleep problems are associated with suicidal ideation. However, relationships between them are not well defined. This study was conducted in order to explore whether poor sleep was associated with suicidal ideation above and beyond depression and whether specific domains of sleep were related to suicidal ideation. We also determined whether the association between sleep problems and suicidal ideation was mediated by depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients aged 18-65 years from an outpatient clinic at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital were recruited for this study. From September 2010 to November 2017, a total of 909 participants were included in the final sample. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to assess psychiatric symptoms. Independent samples t-test, chi-square test, Pearson correlation analyses, hierarchical multiple regression analyses, and mediation analyses were performed using SPSS PROCESS macro. RESULTS The majority of participants with suicidal ideation also had sleep problems (94.9%). After controlling for age, marital status, and depressive symptoms, total sleep problems estimated by the PSQI global score were also significant associated with suicidal ideation. Among seven sleep components derived from the PSQI, several components including cough or snore loudly, have bad dreams, and use sleep medication were associated with increased suicide risk. Also, the relationship between sleep problems and suicidal ideation was mediated by depressive symptoms indirectly. There was no convincing direct relationship between sleep problems and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS Investigating the pathways which connect sleep problems and suicidality is fundamental to the development of suicide prevention. While it might be premature to suggest specific interventions, it would be important for clinicians to consider evaluating and managing sleep problems in the context of suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Tae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Jeong
- Catholic Biomedical Industrial Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Jang KI, Oh J, Jung W, Lee S, Kim S, Huh S, Lee SH, Chae JH. Unsuccessful reduction of high-frequency alpha activity during cognitive activation in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 73:132-139. [PMID: 30628145 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha activity during resting state reflects the 'readiness' of an individual to respond to the environment; this includes the performance of cognitive processes. Alpha activity is reported to be attenuated in schizophrenia (SCZ). Understanding the interaction between alpha activity during rest and when cognitively engaged may provide insights into the neural circuitry, which is dysfunctional in SCZ. This study investigated the changes of alpha activity between resting state and cognitive engagement in SCZ patients. METHODS Thirty-four SCZ patients and 29 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. EEG was performed in the resting state and during an auditory P300 task. All experimental procedures followed the relevant institutional guidelines and regulations. RESULTS In SCZ, high-frequency alpha activity was reduced in the resting state. High-frequency alpha source density was decreased in both the resting-state and a P300 task condition in patients, compared to HC. HC, but not SCZ patients, showed a reduction in high-frequency alpha source density during the P300 task compared to the resting state. The negative correlation between high-frequency alpha source density in the resting state and positive symptoms was significant. CONCLUSIONS High-frequency alpha activity in SCZ patients and its unsuccessful reduction during cognitive processing may be biological markers of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuk-In Jang
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Biomedical Industry, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Emotion Research Laboratory, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Emotion Research Laboratory, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wookyoung Jung
- Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Biomedical Industry, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Sungkean Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, Emotion Research Laboratory, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Biomedical Industry, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Emotion Research Laboratory, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Choi KM, Choi SH, Lee SM, Jang KI, Chae JH. Three Weeks of rTMS Treatment Maintains Clinical Improvement But Not Electrophysiological Changes in Patients With Depression: A 6-Week Follow-Up Pilot Study. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:351. [PMID: 31231248 PMCID: PMC6566016 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that 3 weeks of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) increases P200 amplitudes and improves the symptoms of depression and anxiety in depression patients. In the present study, we investigated whether 3 weeks of rTMS treatment maintained the P200 amplitude in patients with depression at 6 weeks of follow-up. We measured the 6-week maintenance effects of rTMS using clinical questionnaires and an auditory oddball paradigm. Twenty-one patients with medication-resistant major depression participated in this pilot study. All patients underwent rTMS treatment for 3 weeks; they completed clinical ratings and performed the auditory oddball task at the pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 6-week follow-up visit (3 weeks after finishing rTMS treatment). The results revealed an increase in P200 amplitudes as well as improvements in the symptoms of depression and anxiety by 3 weeks of rTMS treatment. Furthermore, the results demonstrated maintenance effects on clinical ratings at 6-week follow-up. Depression and anxiety scales showed improvements in post-treatment and maintenance effects at the 6-week follow-up. Although P200 amplitude showed a significant main effect for 3 time points (baseline, post-treatment, and 6-week follow-up visit), at 2 time point comparisons, P200 amplitudes significantly increased in post-treatment compared to those of the baseline condition but did not show the maintenance effects of long-term rTMS at the 6-week follow-up compared to those of the baseline condition ( p = .173, Bonferroni correction). Standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) for P200 showed significant activation in the left middle frontal gyrus in post-treatment but no significant activation at the 6-week follow-up. Moreover, the amplitudes of overall topographic distribution were reduced at 6 weeks of follow-up. The 3 weeks of rTMS treatment induced the maintenance of the improvements in the symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, considering the results of the event-related potential (ERP) and sLORETA, 3 weeks of rTMS treatment may not be sufficient to maintain this improvement, implying that a treatment period of more than 3 weeks may be required to reveal the electrophysiological maintenance effect of rTMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Mook Choi
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Biomedical Industry, Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo-Hee Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Biomedical Industry, Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kuk-In Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Biomedical Industry, Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Biomedical Industry, Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Jang KI, Shim M, Lee S, Hwang HJ, Chae JH. Changes in Global and Nodal Networks in Patients With Unipolar Depression After 3-Week Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Treatment. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:686. [PMID: 31649561 PMCID: PMC6794380 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) therapy has been applied in depressive disorders, but its neurobiological effect has not been well understood. Changes in cortical source network after treatment need to be confirmed. The present study investigated the effect of 3-week rTMS therapy on the symptom severity and cortical source network in patients with unipolar depression. Methods: Thirty-five patients with unipolar major depressive disorder participated in the study. High-frequency (10 Hz) rTMS was applied at the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during 3 weeks (five consecutive weekdays every week). Clinical symptoms were examined using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and Anxiety. The resting state electroencephalography was recorded with 62 scalp channels before and after rTMS treatment. Results: Clinical symptoms significantly improved after rTMS treatment in both the active (p = 0.001) and sham groups (p = 0.002). However, an increased cortical source network in global and nodal levels was observed only in the active group after a 3-week treatment. Conclusions: The present study indicates that rTMS treatment leads to improved symptoms in patients with unipolar depression. Furthermore, treatment outcome of real effect was assured in changes of cortical source network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuk-In Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Miseon Shim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Center for Behavioral Medicine, Kansas, MO, United States.,Department of Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Jeong Hwang
- Department of Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Jung YE, Kim D, Kim WH, Roh D, Chae JH, Park JE. A Brief Screening Tool for PTSD: Validation of the Korean Version of the Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (K-PC-PTSD-5). J Korean Med Sci 2018; 33:e338. [PMID: 30584416 PMCID: PMC6300662 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate psychometrically the Korean version of the Primary Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Screen for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-fifth edition (K-PC-PTSD-5). In total, 252 participants were interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-fifth edition-research version (SCID-5-RV). The K-PC-PTSD-5 showed good internal consistency (α = 0.872), test-retest reliability (r = 0.89), and concurrent validity (r = 0.81). A score of 3 was identified as the threshold for clinically significant posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Overall, the results indicate that the K-PC-PTSD-5 is a useful, timesaving instrument for screening PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Daeho Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Hyoung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Daeyoung Roh
- Mind-Neuromodulation Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Eon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Keyo Hospital, Uiwang, Korea
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE On Wednesday, April 16, 2014, 261 high school students on a field trip died in the sinking of the Sewol ferry. The bereaved family of the Sewol ferry accident experienced one of the most painful traumatic losses such as the sudden death of one's child through an accident. This article reviewed and discussed embitterment related to traumatic loss through the example of the Sewol ferry accident. METHOD Embitterment-related issues and problems in coping with the accident that is caused by societal factors were described. In addition, embitterment-related findings of several previous studies based on bereaved families' mental health cohort study were reviewed. RESULTS Traumatic loss of the human-made ferry accident was accompanied with feelings of being cheated, injustice, incompetence, wrongdoing by a perpetrator, and the destruction of one's belief and value system, causing severe embitterment. Embitterment was related to other mental health problems including depression, anxiety, and complicated grief. CONCLUSION Social support and positive individual resource including optimism and wisdom can be helpful for recovery from posttraumatic embitterment. The goal of grief is to remember the decedent, understand the changes created by the loss, and determine how to reinvest in life. Embitterment may disturb the process of grief. Without the management of the embitterment, true grief may not be possible. The breakdown of value systems and severe embitterment should get more attention in future research. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Hyu Jung Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Won Joon Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea
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30
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Jang KI, Lee S, Lee SH, Chae JH. Frontal Alpha Asymmetry, Heart Rate Variability, and Positive Resources in Bereaved Family Members with Suicidal Ideation after the Sewol Ferry Disaster. Psychiatry Investig 2018; 15:1168-1173. [PMID: 30518171 PMCID: PMC6318488 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2018.09.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE After the Sewol ferry disaster, bereavement with suicidal ideation was a critical mental health problem that was accompanied by various neuropsychological symptoms. This study examined the frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA), heart rate variability (HRV), and several psychological symptoms in bereaved family members (BFM) after the Sewol ferry disaster. METHODS Eighty-three BFM after the Sewol ferry disaster were recruited. We assessed FAA, HRV, and psychological symptoms, including depression, post-traumatic stress, post-traumatic growth factor, anxiety, grief, and positive resources, between BFM with the presence and absence of current suicidal ideation. RESULTS Compared to BFM without suicidal ideation, BFM with suicidal ideation showed a higher FAA with right dominance. Significant differences in psychological symptoms were observed between the groups. In BFM with suicidal ideation, the low: high frequency (LF:HF) ratio correlated with social resources and support. CONCLUSION The FAA and LF:HF ratio may be biomarkers that represent the pathological conditions of BFM with suicidal ideation. If researched further, they may shed light on the interaction between bereavement with suicidal ideation and social resources for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuk-In Jang
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Biomedical Industry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Biomedical Industry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Biomedical Industry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Tae H, Huh HJ, Hwang J, Chae JH. Relationship between serum lipid concentrations and posttraumatic stress symptoms in the bereaved after the Sewol ferry disaster: A prospective cohort study. Psychiatry Res 2018; 266:132-137. [PMID: 29864612 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum lipid concentrations and PTSD symptoms in the bereaved after a traumatic familial loss. Eighteen months after the Sewol ferry disaster, 107 subjects who experienced traumatic losses as a result of the accident completed a mental and medical survey as well as laboratory tests for lipid profiles. At 30 months after the trauma, a total of 64 individuals completed a follow-up psychometric survey and biochemical measurements. We performed multiple linear regression analyses, examining the association between PTSD symptoms and lipid profiles. Other potential influences on lipid profiles such as metabolic risk factors, demographic risk factors, and underlying medical history were accounted for. Participants reporting clinically significant PTSD symptoms exhibited lower serum HDL-C levels than those without PTSD symptoms. In addition, we found that the severity of PTSD symptoms and sex could explain the changes in lipid profiles independently of other possible risk factors of changes. The results of this study suggest that PTSD symptoms may contribute to an increased risk for developing metabolic syndrome via detrimental changes in lipid concentrations. Routine screening and multidisciplinary management to prevent metabolic syndrome in individuals who experience traumatic losses would therefore be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Tae
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyu Jung Huh
- Stress Clinic, Health Promotion Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Hwang
- Catholic Biomedical Industrial Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.
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Yun JA, Huh HJ, Han HS, Huh S, Chae JH. Bereaved families are still embittered after the Sewol ferry accident in Korea: A follow-up study 18 and 30months after the disaster. Compr Psychiatry 2018; 82:61-67. [PMID: 29407360 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Sewol ferry accident that occurred in April 2014 was one of the most tragic human-made disasters in Korean history. Due to the deaths of hundreds of children, bereaved families likely feel embittered; however, there is little extant research documenting embitterment among those who experienced the disaster. Consequently, we investigated bereaved family members' embitterment and other psychiatric symptoms 18months and 30months after the disaster. METHODS Data from a cross-sectional survey were obtained 18months (Time 1) and 30months (Time 2) after the disaster. We ascertained socio-demographic variables and variables obtained from a self-reporting questionnaire (i.e., depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, complicated grief, and embitterment) among 56 bereaved family members. RESULTS Bereaved families showed substantial embitterment at Time 1 (64.3%), which increased at Time 2 (76.8%, t=1.761, p=0.084). The participants who displayed increased embitterment at Time 2 also increased in anxiety, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and complicated grief (but not depression). Furthermore, participants who displayed decreased embitterment at Time 2 also decreased in all other psychiatric symptoms. (time×group interaction in depression (F 0.644, p=0.426), anxiety (F 4.970, p=0.030), PTSD (F 10.699, p=0.002), and complicated grief (F 8.389, p=0.005)). CONCLUSIONS Embitterment of bereaved families had not ceased after 18months and even increased 1year later. Additionally, as embitterment increased, many other psychiatric symptoms also increased, and vice versa. Our results suggest that embitterment is associated or can even influence other psychiatric symptoms; therefore, embitterment should be examined after disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ae Yun
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, 222 Banpodaero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyu-Jung Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, 222 Banpodaero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sung Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, 222 Banpodaero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, 222 Banpodaero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, 222 Banpodaero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea.
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Oh J, Chae JH. Linear and Nonlinear Dynamics of Heart Rate Variability are Correlated with Purpose in Life and Degree of Optimism in Anxiety Disorder Patients. Nonlinear Dynamics Psychol Life Sci 2018; 22:173-190. [PMID: 29600951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although heart rate variability (HRV) may be a crucial marker of mental health, how it is related to positive psychological factors (i.e. attitude to life and positive thinking) is largely unknown. Here we investigated the correlation of HRV linear and nonlinear dynamics with psychological scales that measured degree of optimism and happiness in patients with anxiety disorders. Results showed that low- to high-frequency HRV ratio (LF/HF) was increased and the HRV HF parameter was decreased in subjects who were more optimistic and who felt happier in daily living. Nonlinear analysis also showed that HRV dispersion and regulation were significantly correlated with the subjects' optimism and purpose in life. Our findings showed that HRV properties might be related to degree of optimistic perspectives on life and suggests that HRV markers of autonomic nervous system function could reflect positive human mind states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Oh
- College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Kim EJ, Nam HS, Kim HB, Chung U, Lee SH, Chae JH. A Retrospective and Prospective Follow-up Study of Psychological Distress in the Danwon High School Survivors of the Sewol Ferry Disaster. Psychiatry Investig 2018; 15:261-265. [PMID: 29475236 PMCID: PMC5900373 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2017.06.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We monitored a group of students from Danwon High School who survived the Sewol ferry disaster for 27 months to examine the course of their psychological symptoms. METHODS We performed a chart review at the Danwon High School Mental Health Center at the following time points (T): 9 months (T1), 12 months (T2), and 15 months (T3) after the disaster. Additionally, we performed a follow-up review at 27 months (T4). Subjects completed the 'State' section of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression assessment, the Child Report of Post-traumatic Symptoms, and the Inventory of Complicated Grief. Data from the 32 subjects who completed all four assessments were used in the statistical analyses. RESULTS Scores of psychological variables tended to increase until T2 and then slowly decreased until T4. The severity of anxiety and complicated grief symptoms changed significantly over time, but the severity of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms did not. CONCLUSION We found that the symptoms of anxiety and complicated grief reported by Sewol ferry survivors from Danwon High School were exacerbated at the first anniversary of the disaster, but these symptoms subsided after the students graduated from high school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Kim
- Mind Health Center, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sun Nam
- Mind Health Center, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Beom Kim
- Children Welfare Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Unsun Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University Children's Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee SH, Nam HS, Kim HB, Kim EJ, Noh JW, Chae JH. Factors Associated with Complicated Grief in Students Who Survived the Sewol Ferry Disaster in South Korea. Psychiatry Investig 2018; 15:254-260. [PMID: 29475240 PMCID: PMC5900375 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2017.05.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Sewol ferry disaster caused shock and grief in South Korea. The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with symptoms of complicated grief (CG) among the surviving students 20 months after that disaster. METHODS This study was conducted using a cross-sectional design and a sample of 57 students who survived the Sewol ferry disaster. Data were collected using the following instruments: Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), the Lifetime Incidence of Traumatic Events-Child, the Child Report of Post-Traumatic Symptoms (CROPS), KIDSCREEN-27, Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales-III, the Peri-traumatic Dissociation-Post-traumatic Negative Beliefs-Post-traumatic Social Support scale, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. A generalized linear model using a log link and Poisson distribution was performed to identify factors associated with symptoms of CG. RESULTS The mean score on the ICG was 15.57 (standard deviation: 12.72). Being born in 1999, a higher score on the CROPS and a lower score in autonomy and relationship with parents on the KIDSCREEN-27 were related to higher levels of CG. CONCLUSION Twenty months after the Sewol ferry disaster, 24.5% of surviving students were suffering from CG. This study uncovered a vulnerable population of bereaved children at high risk for CG.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sun Nam
- Maumtodoc Mental Health Clinic, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Beom Kim
- Children Welfare Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Maumtodoc Mental Health Clinic, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Noh
- Department of Healthcare Management, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee SM, Han H, Jang KI, Huh S, Huh HJ, Joo JY, Chae JH. Heart rate variability associated with posttraumatic stress disorder in victims' families of sewol ferry disaster. Psychiatry Res 2018; 259:277-282. [PMID: 29091829 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is caused by a major traumatic event, has been associated with autonomic nervous function. However, there have been few explorations of measuring biological stress in the victims' family members who have been indirectly exposed to the disaster. Therefore, this longitudinal study examined the heart rate variability (HRV) of the family members of victims of the Sewol ferry disaster. We recruited 112 family members of victims 18 months after the disaster. Sixty-seven participants were revisited at the 30 months postdisaster time point. HRV and psychiatric symptoms including PTSD, depression and anxiety were evaluated at each time point. Participants with PTSD had a higher low frequency to high frequency ratio (LF:HF ratio) than those without PTSD. Logistic regression analysis showed that the LF:HF ratio at 18 months postdisaster was associated with a PTSD diagnosis at 30 months postdisaster. These results suggest that disrupted autonomic nervous system functioning for longer than a year after trauma exposure contributes to predicting PTSD vulnerability. Our finding may contribute to understand neurophysiologic mechanisms underlying secondary traumatic stress. Future studies will be needed to clarify the interaction between autonomic regulation and trauma exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Min Lee
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Biomedical Industry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesung Han
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk-In Jang
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Biomedical Industry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyu Jung Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Joo
- Institute of Biomedical Industry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Biomedical Industry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea.
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Min JA, Lee HJ, Lee SH, Park YM, Kang SG, Park YG, Chae JH. RORA Polymorphism Interacts with Childhood Maltreatment in Determining Anxiety Sensitivity by Sex: A Preliminary Study in Healthy Young Adults. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2017; 15:402-406. [PMID: 29073752 PMCID: PMC5678479 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2017.15.4.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective Recent studies have reported associations of retinoid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORA) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with depression and anxiety disorders. Based on these, we attempt to test whether RORA polymorphism is associated with anxiety sensitivity (AS), the intermediate phenotype of depression and anxiety disorders. Considering gene-environment interactions and sex differences in AS, childhood maltreatment (CM) and sex were considered as confounders. Methods Two-hundred and five healthy young Korean adults (female: 98, male: 107; age, 23.0±3.2 years) completed genotyping for the RORA SNP rs11071547, as well as measures for AS and CM. Generalized linear models were used to examine the main and interaction effects of RORA genotype, CM, and sex in determining AS. Results The main effect of RORA polymorphisms was not found (p=0.760) whereas the main effect of CM and interaction effects among sex, genotype, and maltreatment were significant on AS. In separate analyses by sex, the interaction effect between RORA genotype and maltreatment was significant only in males (p<0.001). In females, the main effects of genotype and CM were significant (both were p<0.001), in which both a history of CM and C genotype tended to be associated with higher AS. Conclusion The association between RORA polymorphism and AS might differ by sex. The interaction between RORA polymorphism and CM was significant only in males whereas RORA genotype and CM independently associated with AS in females. Further studies are encouraged to confirm the relationship between RORA polymorphism and AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ah Min
- Department of Psychiatry, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Heon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Division of Brain Korea 21 Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan, Korea
| | - Young-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan, Korea
| | - Seung-Gul Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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38
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Hahn C, Oh JH, Joo SH, Jeong JE, Chae JH, Lee CU, Kim TS. Association between mental health status and bone mineral density: Analysis of the 2008-2010 Korea national health and nutrition examination survey. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187425. [PMID: 29131866 PMCID: PMC5683604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the association between mental health status and bone mineral density (BMD) using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008–2010. We enrolled 15,876 South Korean participants (4,010 postmenopausal females, 4,836 premenopausal females, and 7,016 males, all aged 20 years or older). BMD was measured using dual-energy radiography absorptiometry at the femoral neck (NK), lumbar spine (LSP), and total femur (TFM). Mental health status data were obtained from a self-report questionnaire that assessed psychological stress, depressed mood, and suicidal ideation. Psychological stress was negatively correlated with BMD in the LSP, NK, and TFM for the male group. Depressed mood was associated with lower BMD in the LSP, NK and TFM for the premenopausal female group, and in the LSP for the male group. Suicidal ideation was associated with lower BMD in the NK and TFM for the male group. Mental health problems were associated with lower BMD, especially in premenopausal females and males. Future investigations should focus on the shared pathophysiology between mental health problems and BMD, and the interrelationship between increased BMD and recovery from mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changtae Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Deajeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Joo
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jo-Eun Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Suk Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Jang KI, Shim M, Lee SM, Huh HJ, Huh S, Joo JY, Lee SH, Chae JH. Increased beta power in the bereaved families of the Sewol ferry disaster: A paradoxical compensatory phenomenon? A two-channel electroencephalography study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017. [PMID: 28632358 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM The Sewol ferry capsizing accident on South Korea's southern coast resulted in the death of 304 people, and serious bereavement problems for their families. Electroencephalography (EEG) beta frequency is associated with psychiatric symptoms, such as insomnia. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between frontal beta power, psychological symptoms, and insomnia in the bereaved families. METHODS Eighty-four family members of the Sewol ferry victims (32 men and 52 women) were recruited and their EEG was compared with that of 25 (13 men and 12 women) healthy controls. A two-channel EEG device was used to measure cortical activity in the frontal lobe. Symptom severity of insomnia, post-traumatic stress disorder, complicated grief, and anxiety were evaluated. RESULTS The bereaved families showed a higher frontal beta power than healthy controls. Subgroup analysis showed that frontal beta power was lower in the individuals with severe insomnia than in those with normal sleep. There was a significant inverse correlation between frontal beta power and insomnia symptom in the bereaved families. CONCLUSION This study suggests that increased beta power, reflecting the psychopathology in the bereaved families of the Sewol ferry disaster, may be a compensatory mechanism that follows complex trauma. Frontal beta power could be a potential marker indicating the severity of sleep disturbances. Our results suggest that sleep disturbance is an important symptom in family members of the Sewol ferry disaster's victims, which may be screened by EEG beta power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuk-In Jang
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Biomedical Industry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Emotion and Cognitive Research Laboratory, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Miseon Shim
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Emotion and Cognitive Research Laboratory, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Biomedical Industry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyu Jung Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Joo
- Institute of Biomedical Industry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Emotion and Cognitive Research Laboratory, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Biomedical Industry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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40
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Hahn C, Joo SH, Chae JH, Lee CU, Kim TS. Feasibility of Psychosocial Distress Screening and Management Program for Hospitalized Cancer Patients. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14:734-745. [PMID: 29209376 PMCID: PMC5714714 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.6.734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the diagnosis and treatment of cancer is associated with psychosocial distress, routine distress screening is difficult in hospitalized oncology settings. We developed a consecutive screening program for psychosocial distress to promote psychiatric treatment of cancer patients and evaluated the feasibility of our program by Distress Thermometer (DT) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). METHODS Among 777 cancer inpatients recruited from the Catholic Comprehensive Institute of Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, 499 agreed to complete primary distress screening through DT. We conducted secondary distress screening through HADS in 229 patients who had high scores of DT. RESULTS Of the 499 participants, 270 patients with low scores of DT were included in the distress education program. 229 patients with high scores of DT received secondary distress screening through HADS. Among 115 patients with low scores of HADS, 111 patients received distress management. Among 114 patients with high scores in the secondary distress screening, 38 patients received psychiatric consultation service whereas 76 patients refused psychiatric consultation. CONCLUSION Using consecutive screening for psychosocial distress appeared to be feasible in an inpatient oncology setting. Nevertheless, the low participation rate of psychiatric consultation service in cancer patients with high distress level should be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changtae Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Deajeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Joo
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Suk Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Baek K, Kwon J, Chae JH, Chung YA, Kralik JD, Min JA, Huh H, Choi KM, Jang KI, Lee NB, Kim S, Peterson BS, Jeong J. Heightened aversion to risk and loss in depressed patients with a suicide attempt history. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11228. [PMID: 28894106 PMCID: PMC5593974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicide attempters have been found to be impaired in decision-making; however, their specific biases in evaluating uncertain outcomes remain unclear. Here we tested the hypothesis that suicidal behavior is associated with heightened aversion to risk and loss, which might produce negative predictions about uncertain future events. Forty-five depressed patients with a suicide attempt history, 47 nonsuicidal depressed patients, and 75 healthy controls participated in monetary decision-making tasks assessing risk and loss aversion. Suicide attempters compared with the other groups exhibited greater aversion to both risk and loss during gambles involving potential loss. Risk and loss aversion correlated with each other in the depressed patients, suggesting that a common pathophysiological mechanism underlies these biases. In addition, emotion regulation via suppression, a detrimental emotional control strategy, was positively correlated with loss aversion in the depressed patients, also implicating impairment in regulatory processes. A preliminary fMRI study also found disrupted neural responses to potential gains and losses in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, insula cortex, and left amygdala, brain regions involved in valuation, emotion reactivity, and emotion regulation. The findings thus implicate heightened negative valuation in decision-making under risk, and impaired emotion regulation in depressed patients with a history of suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangyeol Baek
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - JaeHyung Kwon
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong An Chung
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jerald D Kralik
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Min
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - HyuJung Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk-In Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Bin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Bradley S Peterson
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and the Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Jaeseung Jeong
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that the abnormalities of brain activity are associated with suicidal behavior. However, few studies have explored neurophysiologic biomarkers of suicidal ideation (SI) in healthy subjects. Here, we studied alterations of theta quantitative EEG (QEEG) in frontal regions associated with SI in young healthy subjects. Resting QEEG data were recorded from 90 young healthy subjects. The subjects were divided into two group based on Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI) scores: a high SSI group (n = 33) and a low SSI group (n = 57). Individual frontal electrodes (Fp1, Fp2, F7, F3, Fz, F4, F8) and central midline electrodes (FCz, Cz) were examined for absolute and relative power in the theta band. Clinical state and social support was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Functional Social Support Questionnaire. We found that theta absolute and relative power in all channels was positively correlated with SSI, except Fp1, F7 and F8. The high SSI group showed higher theta relative power at F3, Fz, FCz, and Cz than the low SSI group. Theta relative power in the fronto-central region was significantly increased in the high SSI group compared to that in the low SSI group. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that SSI score was the most powerful predictor of fronto-central theta power. The findings suggest that brain electrical activity at the fronto-central region may be associated with differences in SI in young healthy subjects. EEG activity in theta band has clinical potential as a biomarker for preventing suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Min Lee
- 1 Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kuk-In Jang
- 1 Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- 1 Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,2 Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Huh HJ, Huh S, Lee SH, Chae JH. Unresolved Bereavement and Other Mental Health Problems in Parents of the Sewol Ferry Accident after 18 Months. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14:231-239. [PMID: 28539941 PMCID: PMC5440425 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.3.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the overall mental health consequences of the bereaved parents after the Sewol ferry accident. METHODS Eighty-four bereaved parents participated in the study. Self-report scales assessing the severity of psychiatric symptoms and other related psychosomatic problems were used at 18 months following the accident. Univariate descriptive statistics and regression analyses were performed to report the prevalence, severity, and correlates of psychiatric symptoms. RESULTS 94% of the participants appeared to suffer from complicated grief based on scores on the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG). Half of the participants were categorized as having severe depression and 70.2% reported clinically significant post-traumatic symptoms according to scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and PTSD Check List-5 (PCL-5). No significant differences by gender were observed in the severity of psychiatric symptoms. A higher educational level was associated with more severe psychiatric symptoms in fathers. CONCLUSION The loss of a child due to a disaster caused by human error may continue to have a substantial impact on parental mental health at 18 months after the event. A longitudinal study following parents' mental health state would be necessary to investigate the long-term effects of the traumatic experience in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyu Jung Huh
- Stress Clinic, Health Promotion Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Huh HJ, Kim KH, Lee HK, Chae JH. The relationship between childhood trauma and the severity of adulthood depression and anxiety symptoms in a clinical sample: The mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies. J Affect Disord 2017; 213:44-50. [PMID: 28189964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma is an important factor in adverse mental health outcomes, including depression and anxiety. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate a hypothesized model describing a pathway of childhood trauma and its influence on psychiatric symptoms in patients with depressive disorder. In this model, childhood trauma was positively associated with current depression and anxiety symptoms, which were mediated by a cognitive emotional regulation strategy. METHOD Patients with depressive disorder (n=585, 266 men, 316 women) completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). We divided the cognitive emotion regulation strategies into adaptive and maladaptive strategies using a CERQ subscore. We employed structural equation modeling (SEM) and simple/multiple mediation analyses. RESULTS The indirect effect of maladaptive strategies was significant in the relationship between overall childhood trauma and depression/anxiety severity, whereas the mediation effect of adaptive strategies was limited to depressive symptoms. With respect to specific types of trauma, maladaptive strategies mediated the association between emotional abuse and current depression/anxiety, while the mediation effect of adaptive strategies was limited to emotional neglect. LIMITATIONS This study's cross-sectional design does not allow establishment of causal relationships. Childhood trauma recall bias may be possible. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the hypothesized model in which childhood trauma is associated with adulthood depression/anxiety symptoms in clinical samples, and mediated by emotion regulation strategies. These results suggest that cognitive emotion dysregulation is an important factor affecting depression/anxiety symptoms in patients with childhood trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyu Jung Huh
- Stress Clinic, Health Promotion Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine
| | - Kyung Hee Kim
- Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Lee
- Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine.
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Oh J, Yun K, Hwang JH, Chae JH. Classification of Suicide Attempts through a Machine Learning Algorithm Based on Multiple Systemic Psychiatric Scales. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:192. [PMID: 29038651 PMCID: PMC5632514 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Classification and prediction of suicide attempts in high-risk groups is important for preventing suicide. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the information from multiple clinical scales has classification power for identifying actual suicide attempts. Patients with depression and anxiety disorders (N = 573) were included, and each participant completed 31 self-report psychiatric scales and questionnaires about their history of suicide attempts. We then trained an artificial neural network classifier with 41 variables (31 psychiatric scales and 10 sociodemographic elements) and ranked the contribution of each variable for the classification of suicide attempts. To evaluate the clinical applicability of our model, we measured classification performance with top-ranked predictors. Our model had an overall accuracy of 93.7% in 1-month, 90.8% in 1-year, and 87.4% in lifetime suicide attempts detection. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was the highest for 1-month suicide attempts detection (0.93), followed by lifetime (0.89), and 1-year detection (0.87). Among all variables, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire had the highest contribution, and the positive and negative characteristics of the scales similarly contributed to classification performance. Performance on suicide attempts classification was largely maintained when we only used the top five ranked variables for training (AUROC; 1-month, 0.75, 1-year, 0.85, lifetime suicide attempts detection, 0.87). Our findings indicate that information from self-report clinical scales can be useful for the classification of suicide attempts. Based on the reliable performance of the top five predictors alone, this machine learning approach could help clinicians identify high-risk patients in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyongsik Yun
- Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States.,Bio-Inspired Technologies and Systems, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Ji-Hyun Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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46
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Huh HJ, Kim KH, Lee HK, Chae JH. Attachment styles, grief responses, and the moderating role of coping strategies in parents bereaved by the Sewol ferry accident. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2017; 8:1424446. [PMID: 29372009 PMCID: PMC5774413 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2018.1424446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies on the influence of different types of attachment on grief responses have yielded contradictory outcomes. Little research has been conducted to identify the psychological processes that moderate the relationship between attachment representations and patterns of grief in disaster-related grief. Objective: The present study examines the effects of different attachment types on the grief responses of parents bereaved by loss of a child in a ferry accident, along with the moderating role of coping strategies. Methods: Bereaved parents (n = 81) completed self-report questionnaires evaluating attachment, coping strategies, complicated grief, and shame/guilt. We performed correlational analyses to examine the associations among variables. We also conducted hierarchical regression analyses and simple slope analyses to examine the moderation effects of coping strategies. Results: Anxious attachment was associated with severe shame/guilt, and avoidant attachment correlated with complicated grief. Anxious attachment was positively associated with all types of coping strategies, and avoidant attachment was negatively related to problem- and emotion-focused coping. The use of problem-focused coping strategies was a significant moderator of the relationship between the avoidant attachment dimension and shame/guilt. Avoidant attachment had a significant effect on shame/guilt in groups with a high level of problem-focused coping. In contrast, none of the coping strategies significantly moderated the relationship between anxious attachment and grief response. Conclusions: The results suggest that people with highly avoidant attachment might be overwhelmed by shame and guilt when they try to use problem-focused coping strategies. This finding suggests that grief interventions should be organized with consideration of individual differences in attachment representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyu Jung Huh
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Kim
- Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Lee
- Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jeong H, Yim HW, Song YJ, Ki M, Min JA, Cho J, Chae JH. Mental health status of people isolated due to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. Epidemiol Health 2016; 38:e2016048. [PMID: 28196409 PMCID: PMC5177805 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2016048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 599] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Isolation due to the management of infectious diseases is thought to affect mental health, but the effects are still unknown. We examined the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and anger in persons isolated during the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) epidemic both at isolation period and at four to six months after release from isolation. We also determined risk factors associated with these symptoms at four to six months. METHODS Of 14,992 individuals isolated for 2-week due to having contact with MERS patients in 2015, when MERS was introduced to Korea, 1,692 individuals were included in this study. Anxiety symptoms were evaluated with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale and anger was assessed with the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory at four to six months after release from isolation for MERS. RESULTS Of 1,692 who came in contact with MERS patients, 1,656 were not diagnosed with MERS. Among 1,656, anxiety symptoms showed 7.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.3 to 8.9%) and feelings of anger were present in 16.6% (95% CI, 14.8 to 18.4%) during the isolation period. At four to six months after release from isolation, anxiety symptoms were observed in 3.0% (95%CI, 2.2 to 3.9%). Feelings of anger were present in 6.4% (95% CI, 5.2 to 7.6%). Risk factors for experiencing anxiety symptoms and anger at four to six months after release included symptoms related to MERS during isolation, inadequate supplies (food, clothes, accommodation), social networking activities (email, text, Internet), history of psychiatric illnesses, and financial loss. CONCLUSIONS Mental health problems at four to six month after release from isolation might be prevented by providing mental health support to individuals with vulnerable mental health, and providing accurate information as well as appropriate supplies, including food, clothes, and accommodation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsuk Jeong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Woo Yim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong-Jun Song
- Department of Cancer Control and Policy, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Moran Ki
- Department of Cancer Control and Policy, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Min
- Department of Psychiatry, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Juhee Cho
- Cancer Education Center, Samsung Comprehensive Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Huh HJ, Baek K, Kwon JH, Jeong J, Chae JH. Impact of childhood trauma and cognitive emotion regulation strategies on risk-aversive and loss-aversive patterns of decision-making in patients with depression. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2016; 21:447-461. [PMID: 28042929 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2016.1230053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although poor decision-making ultimately impairs quality of life in depression, few studies describe the clinical characteristics of patients suffering from dysfunctional decision-making. This study aims to delineate the effect of childhood trauma and other personality factors on risk-aversive and loss-aversive patterns of decision-making in patients with depression. METHODS A total of 50 depressive patients completed surveys for the measurement of sociodemographic factors, trauma loads and other clinical characteristics, including depression, anxiety, and strategies for emotion regulation. Risk aversion and loss aversion were quantified using probability discounting task and a 50:50 gamble on monetary decision-making task under specified risks. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the factors, predicting risk aversion or loss aversion in depression. RESULTS Childhood trauma was the most prominent factor predicting loss aversion in patients with depressive disorders. Overall maladaptive emotion regulation strategies were associated with risk aversion. CONCLUSION Childhood trauma and specific strategies of emotion regulation contribute to risk or loss aversion in patients with depression. These findings may provide useful insight into elaborative evaluation and interventions to improve decision-making and quality of life in patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyu Jung Huh
- a Department of Psychiatry , Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangyeol Baek
- b Department of Bio and Brain Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon , Republic of Korea.,c Department of Psychiatry , University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge , UK
| | - Jae-Hyung Kwon
- b Department of Bio and Brain Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseung Jeong
- b Department of Bio and Brain Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- a Department of Psychiatry , Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Wang SM, Lee HK, Kweon YS, Lee CT, Chae JH, Kim JJ, Lee KU. Effect of emotion regulation training in patients with panic disorder: Evidenced by heart rate variability measures. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2016; 40:68-73. [PMID: 26947254 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the effect of emotion regulation training in patients with panic disorder (PD) by measuring heart rate variability (HRV). METHODS Forty-eight patients with PD were randomly divided into emotion regulation group (n=25) and no-regulation group (n=23). Three five-minute ECG recordings were taken in the following states: 1) baseline, 2) while subjects viewed 15 aversive pictures (active stimulus), 3) resting state after aversive pictures (post-stimulus). The emotion regulation group briefly received acceptance technique training for five minutes before performing the experimental task. Spectral analysis measures included a high-frequency (HF; 0.15-0.4 HZ) component, a low-frequency (LF; 0.04-0.15Hz) component, and an LF/HF ratio. RESULTS The mean change in LF/HF ratio from baseline to active stimulus was significantly lower in the emotion regulation group than in the no-regulation group (emotion regulation group, 0.13; no-regulation group, 2.31; t=-2.67; P<.05). CONCLUSION This suggests that brief emotion acceptance training could decrease aversive stimulus-induced sympathetic hyperactivity in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Min Wang
- International Health Care Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Deparment of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Kook Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sil Kweon
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Tai Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Deparment of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Jin Kim
- Deparment of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Wang SM, Kim JB, Sakong JK, Suh HS, Oh KS, Woo JM, Yoo SW, Lee SM, Lee SY, Lim SW, Cho SJ, Chee IS, Chae JH, Hong JP, Lee KU. The Efficacy and Safety of Clonazepam in Patients with Anxiety Disorder Taking Newer Antidepressants: A Multicenter Naturalistic Study. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2016; 14:177-83. [PMID: 27121429 PMCID: PMC4857865 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2016.14.2.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study compared the efficacy and tolerability of clonazepam with other benzodiazepines in patients with anxiety disorders. Methods Inclusion criteria were as follows: age >20 years, diagnosis of anxiety disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria, taking only one type of antidepressant, and prescribed one of three oral benzodiazepines (alprazolam, clonazepam, or lorazepam). At baseline and week 6, clinical benefit was evaluated using the Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S), Clinical Global Impression-Anxiety Scale (CGI-anxiety), and Clinical Global Impression-Sleep Scale (CGI-sleep). Results Among 180 patients, no differences in demographic characteristics among the three benzodiazepine groups were noted. After six weeks of treatment, all benzodiazepine groups showed significant improvements in CGI-S, CGI-anxiety, and CGI-sleep scores (p<0.001). There were no differences in mean changes in CGI-S, CGI-anxiety and CGI-sleep among the three benzodiazepine groups. The incidence of side effects was significantly lower in the clonazepam group than with the other benzodiazepines. The incidences of adverse events for the clonazepam, alprazolam, and lorazepam groups were 26.7% (n=20), 48.4% (n=31), and 43.9% (n=18), respectively. Conclusion The present study suggests that clonazepam is as efficacious as other benzodiazepines for the treatment of various anxiety disorders. Furthermore, the safety profile of clonazepam was superior to the other benzodiazepines in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Min Wang
- International Health Care Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Bum Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Sakong
- Department of Psychiatry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Ho-Suk Suh
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Seob Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Woo
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Sang-Yeol Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea
| | - Se-Won Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Jin Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ik-Seung Chee
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Brain Research, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Chae
- Deparment of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Pyo Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
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