1
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Schappert A, Schneck JP, Suarez L, Oelke M, Schütz C. Soluble MHC class I complexes for targeted immunotherapy. Life Sci 2018; 209:255-258. [PMID: 30102903 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) have been used for more than two decades in clinical and pre-clinical approaches of tumor immunotherapy. They have been proven efficient for detecting anti-tumor-specific T cells when utilized as soluble multimers, immobilized on cells or artificial structures such as artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPC) and have been shown to generate effective anti-tumor responses. In this review we summarize the use of soluble MHC class I complexes in tumor vaccination studies, highlighting the different strategies and their contradicting results. In summary, we believe that soluble MHC class I molecules represent an exciting tool with great potential to impact the understanding and development of immunotherapeutic approaches on many levels from monitoring to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schappert
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Division of Immunology, Langen, Germany; Medical Clinic 1, University Hospital/Goethe University of Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Jonathan P Schneck
- Institute of Cell Engineering, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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2
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Schütz C, Zoso A, Peng S, Bennett JD, Schneck JP, Oelke M. MHC-Ig induces memory T cell formation in vivo and inhibits tumour growth. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2014; 2:181-92. [PMID: 25505552 PMCID: PMC4257763 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Induction of a T cell mediated immune response is critical for the eradication of viral infections and tumours. Soluble peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex-Ig (pep−MHC-Ig) have been shown to bind their cognate ligands, T cell receptor, with high affinity, and are successfully used to visualize antigen-specific T cells. Furthermore, immobilized pep−MHC-Ig can activate and expand antigen-specific T cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we investigate the use of pep−MHC-Ig as a potential strategy to modulate antigen specific T cell immune responses in vivo. SIY−Kb-Ig immunization, together with the pre-activation by an anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody, is able to stimulate a strong expansion of adoptively transferred 2C transgenic T cells and the formation of long term antigen-specific memory T cells. In addition, mechanistic studies show that the pep−MHC-Ig molecules directly activate T cells in vivo without requiring uptake and reprocessing by antigen-presenting cells. Furthermore, B6 mice immunized with pep−MHC-Ig molecules inhibit tumour growth in a B16-SIY melanoma prevention model. Thus, soluble pep−MHC-Ig molecules represent a powerful tool for active immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schütz
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Institute of Cell Engineering Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
| | - Alessia Zoso
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miami, Florida, 33136
| | - Shiwen Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
| | - Jonathon D Bennett
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Biomedical Research Center Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Jonathan P Schneck
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Institute of Cell Engineering Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
| | - Mathias Oelke
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Institute of Cell Engineering Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
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3
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Allard M, Oger R, Benlalam H, Florenceau L, Echasserieau K, Bernardeau K, Labarrière N, Lang F, Gervois N. Soluble HLA-I/peptide monomers mediate antigen-specific CD8 T cell activation through passive peptide exchange with cell-bound HLA-I molecules. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5090-7. [PMID: 24752447 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence that serum levels of soluble class I HLA molecules (sHLA-I) can, under various pathological conditions, correlate with disease stage and/or patient survival, has stimulated interest in defining whether sHLA-I can exert immunological functions. However, despite a mounting number of publications suggesting the ability of sHLA-I to affect immune effectors in vitro, the precise underlying mechanism still remains controversial. In this article, we address potential functions of both classical and nonclassical sHLA-I, using soluble recombinant HLA-I/peptide monomers, and clearly demonstrate their ability to trigger Ag-specific activation of CD8 T cells in vitro. Furthermore, we provide strong evidence that this behavior results from the passive transfer of peptides from monomers to T cell-bound HLA-I molecules, allowing for fratricide representation and activation. Hence, we proposed a unifying model of T cell activation by HLA-I/peptide monomers, reappraising the potential involvement of sHLA-I molecules in the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Allard
- INSERM, U892, Nantes F-44007, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U6299, Nantes F-44007, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44007 France; and
| | - Romain Oger
- INSERM, U892, Nantes F-44007, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U6299, Nantes F-44007, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44007 France; and
| | - Houssem Benlalam
- INSERM, U892, Nantes F-44007, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U6299, Nantes F-44007, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44007 France; and
| | - Laetitia Florenceau
- INSERM, U892, Nantes F-44007, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U6299, Nantes F-44007, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44007 France; and
| | - Klara Echasserieau
- INSERM, U892, Nantes F-44007, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U6299, Nantes F-44007, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44007 France; and Recombinant Protein Production Facility, Federative Research Structure François Bonamy, Nantes, F-44007, France
| | - Karine Bernardeau
- INSERM, U892, Nantes F-44007, France; Recombinant Protein Production Facility, Federative Research Structure François Bonamy, Nantes, F-44007, France
| | - Nathalie Labarrière
- INSERM, U892, Nantes F-44007, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U6299, Nantes F-44007, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44007 France; and
| | - François Lang
- INSERM, U892, Nantes F-44007, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U6299, Nantes F-44007, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44007 France; and Recombinant Protein Production Facility, Federative Research Structure François Bonamy, Nantes, F-44007, France
| | - Nadine Gervois
- INSERM, U892, Nantes F-44007, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U6299, Nantes F-44007, France; Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44007 France; and
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4
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Schneck JP, Slansky JE, O'Herrin SM, Greten TF. Monitoring antigen-specific T cells using MHC-Ig dimers. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2008; Chapter 17:Unit 17.2. [PMID: 18432743 DOI: 10.1002/0471142735.im1702s35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The lack of high affinity reagents has made distinguishing T cells on the basis of antigen specificity difficult to accomplish. This unit provides protocols that utilize innovations in molecular design to permit construction of soluble multivalent MHC complexes (MHC-Ig dimers) with high avidity for cognate T cell receptors. MHC-Ig dimers display stable binding properties when they interact with antigen-specific T cells thus allowing their use in the staining of antigen-specific T cells by flow cytometry. Methods for constructing and detecting these MHC-Ig dimers are included along with protocols for applying their use for the quantitation of antigen-specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Schneck
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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5
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Carey B, DeLay M, Strasser JE, Chalk C, Dudley-McClain K, Milligan GN, Brunner HI, Thornton S, Hirsch R. A soluble divalent class I MHC/IgG1 fusion protein activates CD8+ T cells in vivo. Clin Immunol 2005; 116:65-76. [PMID: 15925833 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2005.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2003] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T lymphocytes recognize tumor and viral antigens bound to class I major histocompatibility complexes (MHC). Tumors and viruses may evade detection by preventing antigen presentation. The present study was designed to determine whether a soluble divalent fusion protein, containing the extracellular domains of a class I MHC molecule fused to beta2-microglobulin and the constant domains of IgG1, could induce an immune response in vivo. Administration to mice of the fusion protein loaded with a tumor peptide induced peptide-specific T cell activation and retarded tumor growth. Administration of the fusion protein loaded with a glycoprotein B (gB) peptide derived from herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) induced gB-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and protected mice from a lethal HSV-1 challenge. These data suggest that antigen-loaded MHC/IgG fusion proteins may enhance T cell immunity in conditions where antigen presentation is altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Carey
- William S. Rowe Division of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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6
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Stemmer C, Guichard G. Antigen-based T-cell-targeted immunotherapy: recent developments in autoimmunity and allergy. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.8.7.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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7
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Ge Q, Stone JD, Thompson MT, Cochran JR, Rushe M, Eisen HN, Chen J, Stern LJ. Soluble peptide-MHC monomers cause activation of CD8+ T cells through transfer of the peptide to T cell MHC molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:13729-34. [PMID: 12374859 PMCID: PMC129758 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.212515299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2002] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated activation of CD4(+) T cells is known to require multivalent engagement of the TCR by, for example, oligomeric peptide-MHC complexes. In contrast, for CD8(+) T cells, there is evidence for TCR-mediated activation by univalent engagement of the TCR. We have here compared oligomeric and monomeric L(d) and K(b) peptide-MHC complexes and free peptide as stimulators of CD8(+) T cells expressing the 2C TCR. We found that the monomers are indeed effective in activating naive and effector CD8(+) T cells, but through an unexpected mechanism that involves transfer of peptide from soluble monomers to T cell endogenous MHC (K(b)) molecules. The result is that T cells, acting as antigen-presenting cells, are able to activate other naive T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ge
- Department of Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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8
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Zuo L, Cullen CM, DeLay ML, Thornton S, Myers LK, Rosloniec EF, Boivin GP, Hirsch R. A single-chain class II MHC-IgG3 fusion protein inhibits autoimmune arthritis by induction of antigen-specific hyporesponsiveness. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 168:2554-9. [PMID: 11859151 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.5.2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
T cells play a central role in many autoimmune diseases. A method to specifically target the function of autoreactive T cell clones would avoid the global immunosuppression associated with current therapies. To develop a molecule capable of inhibiting autoreactive T cell responses in vivo, single-chain peptide-I-A-IgG3 fusion proteins were constructed and expressed in both mammalian and insect cells. The fusion proteins were designed with an IgG3 Fc moiety to make them divalent, allowing TCR cross-linking, while lacking FcR binding and costimulation. The fusion proteins stimulated T cell hybridomas in vitro in a peptide-specific, MHC-restricted manner but failed to do so in soluble form. In vivo administration of an I-A(q) fusion protein, containing an immunodominant collagen II peptide, significantly delayed the onset and reduced the severity of collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice by induction of Ag-specific hyporesponsiveness. Such fusion proteins may be useful to study novel therapeutic approaches for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zuo
- Division of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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9
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Goldstein JS, Chen T, Gubina E, Pastor RW, Kozlowski S. ICAM-1 enhances MHC-peptide activation of CD8(+) T cells without an organized immunological synapse. Eur J Immunol 2000; 30:3266-70. [PMID: 11093142 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200011)30:11<3266::aid-immu3266>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the TCR-ligand interaction, other receptor-ligand pairs, such as LFA-1 and ICAM-1, play a major role in the activation of T cells. Recent studies of T cell activation suggest a coordinated movement of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 in forming a defined zone in the immunological synapse. It is unclear from these studies whether the organized molecular geometry of the immunological synapse is necessary for ICAM-1 enhancement of T cell activation. In this report, we demonstrate that ICAM-1 can enhance the activation of CD8(+) T cells by MHC-peptide in the absence of an organized immunologic synapse. Therefore, although the molecular organization of the immunologic synapse may amplify stimuli, it is not an absolute requirement for either CD8(+) T cell activation or the ICAM-1 enhancement of TCR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Goldstein
- Division of Monoclonal Ab, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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10
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Slansky JE, Rattis FM, Boyd LF, Fahmy T, Jaffee EM, Schneck JP, Margulies DH, Pardoll DM. Enhanced antigen-specific antitumor immunity with altered peptide ligands that stabilize the MHC-peptide-TCR complex. Immunity 2000; 13:529-38. [PMID: 11070171 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)00052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
T cell responsiveness to an epitope is affected both by its affinity for the presenting MHC molecule and the affinity of the MHC-peptide complex for TCR. One limitation of cancer immunotherapy is that natural tumor antigens elicit relatively weak T cell responses, in part because high-affinity T cells are rendered tolerant to these antigens. We report here that amino acid substitutions in a natural MHC class I-restricted tumor antigen that increase the stability of the MHC-peptide-TCR complex are significantly more potent as tumor vaccines. The improved immunity results from enhanced in vivo expansion of T cells specific for the natural tumor epitope. These results indicate peptides that stabilize the MHC-peptide-TCR complex may provide superior antitumor immunity through enhanced stimulation of specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Slansky
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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11
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Casares S, Zong CS, Radu DL, Miller A, Bona CA, Brumeanu TD. Antigen-specific signaling by a soluble, dimeric peptide/major histocompatibility complex class II/Fc chimera leading to T helper cell type 2 differentiation. J Exp Med 1999; 190:543-53. [PMID: 10449525 PMCID: PMC2195598 DOI: 10.1084/jem.190.4.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction between a T cell receptor (TCR) and various ligands, i.e. , anti-TCR antibodies, superantigens, peptides, or altered peptide ligands in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules can trigger different T helper cell (Th) effector functions. Herein, we studied the T cell response induced by a soluble, dimeric peptide/MHC class II chimera, namely hemagglutinin (HA)110-120/I-E(d)alphabeta/Fcgamma2a (DEF). We have previously demonstrated that the soluble DEF molecule binds stably and specifically to HA110-120-specific TCRs expressed by a T cell hybridoma. Administration of DEF in vivo induced differentiation of resting and activated peptide-specific T cells toward a Th2 response, as indicated by the increase of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 antibodies and decrease of IL-2, specific IgG2a antibodies, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. In contrast to HA110-120 peptide presented by the DEF molecule to T cells, the nominal synthetic peptide induced a predominant Th1 response, and the PR8 virus-derived HA110-120 peptides induced a mixed Th1/Th2 response. Independent of antigen processing, soluble DEF was almost 2 logs more potent in stimulating cognate T cells than the nominal peptide. Polarization of cognate T cells toward the Th2 response occurred upon interaction of soluble DEF with TCR and CD4 molecules followed by early activation of p56(lck) and ZAP-70 tyrosine kinases, and negative signaling of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)4 pathway of Th1 differentiation. DEF-like molecules may provide a new tool to study the mechanisms of signaling toward Th2 differentiation and may also provide a potential immunotherapeutic approach to modulate autoreactive T cells toward protective Th2 immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Casares
- From the Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029
| | - Cong S. Zong
- From the Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029
| | - Dorel L. Radu
- From the Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029
| | - Alexander Miller
- From the Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029
| | - Constantin A. Bona
- From the Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029
| | - Teodor-Doru Brumeanu
- From the Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029
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12
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Curtsinger JM, Schmidt CS, Mondino A, Lins DC, Kedl RM, Jenkins MK, Mescher MF. Inflammatory Cytokines Provide a Third Signal for Activation of Naive CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.6.3256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The effects of inflammatory cytokines on naive T cells have been studied using MHC protein/peptide complexes on microspheres, thus avoiding the use of APCs whose functions may be affected by the cytokines. IL-1, but not IL-12, increased proliferation of CD4+ T cells in response to Ag and IL-2, which is consistent with effects on in vivo priming of CD4+ cells. In contrast, proliferation of CD8+ T cells to Ag and IL-2 required IL-12, and IL-12 replaced adjuvant in stimulating an in vivo response to peptide. These results support a model in which distinct inflammatory cytokines act directly on naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to provide a third signal, along with Ag and IL-2, to optimally activate differentiation and clonal expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clint S. Schmidt
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Anna Mondino
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Debra C. Lins
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Ross M. Kedl
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Marc K. Jenkins
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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13
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Rosenthal KS, Mao H, Horne WI, Wright C, Zimmerman D. Immunization with a LEAPS heteroconjugate containing a CTL epitope and a peptide from beta-2-microglobulin elicits a protective and DTH response to herpes simplex virus type 1. Vaccine 1999; 17:535-42. [PMID: 10075159 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A ligand epitope antigen presentation system (LEAPS) heteroconjugate vaccine containing a CTL epitope (H1) from the HSV-1 immediate early protein ICP27 (322-332) and a peptide sequence (J) from beta-2-microglobulin (35-50) elicited protection from intraperitoneal viral challenge and promoted DTH responses. The H1 peptide and other H1 containing heteroconjugates did not elicit protection or DTH responses. Antibody to the H1 peptide could not be detected by ELISA following vaccination with peptide, heteroconjugate or natural infection. The LEAPS heteroconjugate appears to prime a Thl-like response which is subsequently boosted by infection. These studies show that attachment of the J peptide can make a CTL epitope into a vaccine which is immunogenic and promotes a protective Th1 type of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Rosenthal
- N.E. Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, 44272-0095, USA.
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14
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Luxembourg AT, Brunmark A, Kong Y, Jackson MR, Peterson PA, Sprent J, Cai Z. Requirements for Stimulating Naive CD8+ T Cells via Signal 1 Alone. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.10.5226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In the absence of costimulation, TCR recognition of peptide/MHC complexes is generally considered to be nonimmunogenic. In agreement with this view, naive TCR transgenic CD8+ cells failed to respond to specific peptides presented by MHC class I (Ld) molecules bound to mouse RBC. However, peptide/Ld complexes presented by cell-sized beads or bound to plastic led to overt proliferative responses in the absence of added cytokines. Significantly, equivalent strong proliferative responses occurred when mouse RBC were fixed with glutaraldehyde before Ld coupling. The implication therefore is that the intensity of signaling via the TCR is a reflection of the mobility of the ligand being recognized; TCR signaling is weak when the ligand can move laterally on the cell membrane but strong when the ligand is immobilized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anders Brunmark
- *R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121; and
| | - Yan Kong
- *R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121; and
| | - Michael R. Jackson
- *R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121; and
| | - Per A. Peterson
- *R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121; and
| | - Jonathan Sprent
- †Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Zeling Cai
- *R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121; and
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15
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Motta I, Lone YC, Kourilsky P. In vitro induction of naive cytotoxic T lymphocytes with complexes of peptide and recombinant MHC class I molecules coated onto beads: role of TCR/ligand density. Eur J Immunol 1998; 28:3685-95. [PMID: 9842911 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199811)28:11<3685::aid-immu3685>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that complexes of peptide with soluble single-chain recombinant MHC (SC-MHC) class I molecules are able to induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vitro in a murine system with an efficiency comparable to that observed with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells as antigen-presenting cells. In this report, we have assessed the capacity of preformed peptide/SC-Kd complexes in monomeric or dimeric form as well as of peptide/SC-Kd-loaded beads to generate in vitro specific CTL responses from naive DBA/2 spleen cells. Peptide/SC-Kd-coated beads were consistently more efficient. We evaluated the role of costimulatory molecules, using monoclonal antibodies anti-CD80 or anti-CD86. In addition, the capacity of peptide/SC-Kd-coated beads to generate a CTL response from purified naive CD8+ T cells was ascertained. Taken together, the results indicate that, under our conditions, CTL priming does not require the participation of co-stimulatory molecules and is the consequence of a direct interaction between the cognate TCR on peptide-specific CTL precursors and the peptide/SC-Kd-loaded beads. Titration of the amount of preformed complexes of SC-Kd and peptide 170-179 of HLA-CW3 that need to be coated onto the beads to prime CTL precursors shows an activation threshold which can be calculated to be between 25000 and 50000 complexes. In effect, in cultures stimulated with specific peptide CW3/SC-Kd complexes representing less than 50% occupancy of the total (10(5)) complexes on the beads, no peptide-specific cytolytic activity was observed. These results suggest that the efficiency of the primary CTL induction depends on the density of specific peptide/SC-Kd complexes present on the beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Motta
- Unité de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, INSERM U277, Département d'Immunologie - Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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16
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Goldstein JS, Chen T, Brunswick M, Mostowsky H, Kozlowski S. Purified MHC Class I and Peptide Complexes Activate Naive CD8+ T Cells Independently of the CD28/B7 and LFA-1/ICAM-1 Costimulatory Interactions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.7.3180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
T cells play a central role in the initiation, maintenance, and regulation of the immune response. Effector responses of T cells are controlled by complex combinations of lymphokines and adhesion/costimulatory molecule signals. To isolate the effects of specific adhesion/costimulatory molecules and to define the minimal molecular requirements of naive CD8+ T cell activation, we have developed an APC-free system for stimulation of naive CD8+ T cells. In this report, we demonstrate that immobilized MHC class I-peptide complexes can activate naive CD8+ T cells from TCR transgenic mice at low cell densities. The CD8+ T cells were stimulated to proliferate and secrete IL-2 independently of the molecular interactions between CD28/B7.1-B7.2 or LFA-1/ICAM-1 surface receptors. Previous reports have shown that CD28 ligation is necessary for late T cell survival of APC-stimulated naive CD8+ T cells. Our data suggest that under certain specific conditions of high intensity T cell signaling, early activation and late cell proliferation can occur independently of APC-derived costimulatory signals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Howard Mostowsky
- †Division of Cell and Gene Therapy, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Curtsinger JM, Lins DC, Mescher MF. CD8+ Memory T Cells (CD44high, Ly-6C+) Are More Sensitive than Naive Cells (CD44low, Ly-6C−) to TCR/CD8 Signaling in Response to Antigen. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.7.3236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Memory CD8+ T cells from mice previously primed with alloantigen (alloAg) can respond in vitro to IL-2 and purified class I alloAg presented on microspheres, while no response can be detected using cells from naive mice. Similar results have been obtained using cells from OT-1 mice expressing a transgenic TCR that is specific for OVA257–264 (SIINFEKL) peptide bound to H-2Kb. A population of resting memory cells (defined on the basis of low forward scatter and CD44high, Ly-6C+, CD25−, CD69− surface phenotype) that is present in the OT-1 mice exhibits a substantially higher sensitivity to Ag-stimulation than do naive cells (CD44low, Ly-6C−) expressing the same TCR. CD44high cells respond vigorously to H-2Kb immobilized on microspheres and pulsed with peptide, while CD44low cells respond weakly and only at high class I density and peptide concentration. The Ag-presenting surface only has ligands for TCR and CD8 (class I and peptide), thus ruling out the possibility that differences are due to ligand binding by other adhesion or costimulatory receptors that are expressed at high levels on the memory cells. Experiments using anti-TCR mAb as the stimulus and coimmobilized non-Ag class I as a ligand for CD8 suggest that the difference between naive and memory cells may be at the level of stimulation through the TCR. Thus, in addition to expressing increased levels of adhesion receptors that may enhance responses to Ag on APCs, memory CD8+ T cells appear to be intrinsically more sensitive than naive cells to stimulation through the TCR/CD8 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M. Curtsinger
- The Center for Immunology and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Debra C. Lins
- The Center for Immunology and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Matthew F. Mescher
- The Center for Immunology and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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Jelonek MT, Classon BJ, Hudson PJ, Margulies DH. Direct Binding of the MHC Class I Molecule H-2Ld to CD8: Interaction with the Amino Terminus of a Mature Cell Surface Protein. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.6.2809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
MHC class I molecules (MHC-I) display peptides from the intracellular pool at the cell surface for recognition by T lymphocytes bearing αβ TCR. Although the activation of T cells is controlled by the interaction of the TCR with MHC/peptide complexes, the degree and extent of the activation is influenced by the binding in parallel of the CD8 coreceptor with MHC-I. In the course of quantitative evaluation of the binding of purified MHC-I to engineered CD8, we observed that peptide-deficient H-2Ld (MHC-I) molecules bound with moderate affinity (Kd = 7.96 × 10−7 M), but in the presence of H-2Ld-binding peptides, no interaction was observed. Examination of the amino terminal sequences of CD8α and β chains suggested that H-2Ld might bind these protein termini via its peptide binding cleft. Using both competition and real-time direct assays based on surface plasmon resonance, we detected binding of empty H-2Ld to synthetic peptides representing these termini. These results suggest that some MHC molecules are capable of binding the amino termini of intact cell surface proteins through their binding groove and provide alternative explanations for the observed binding of MHC molecules to a variety of cell surface receptors and coreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie T. Jelonek
- *Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Brendan J. Classon
- †The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Peter J. Hudson
- ‡CSIRO Molecular Science, CRC for Diagnostic Technologies, Victoria, Australia
| | - David H. Margulies
- *Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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