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Ni H, Lin Q, Zhong J, Gan S, Cheng H, Huang Y, Ding X, Yu H, Xu Y, Nie H. Role of sulfatide-reactive vNKT cells in promoting lung Treg cells via dendritic cell modulation in asthma models. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 970:176461. [PMID: 38460658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Our previous studies have showed that sulfatide-reactive type II NKT (i.e. variant NKT, vNKT) cells inhibit the immunogenic maturation during the development of mature lung dendritic cells (LDCs), leading todeclined allergic airway inflammation in asthma. Nonetheless, the specific immunoregulatory roles of vNKT cells in LDC-mediated Th2 cell responses remain incompletely understood. Herein, we found that administration of sulfatide facilitated the generation of CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells in the lungs of wild-type mice, but not in CD1d-/- and Jα18-/- mice, after ovalbumin or house dust mite exposure. This finding implies that the enhancement of lung Treg cells by sulfatide requires vNKT cells, which dependent on invariant NKT (iNKT) cells. Furthermore, the CD4+FoxP3+ Treg cells induced by sulfatide-reactive vNKT cells were found to be associated with PD-L1 molecules expressed on LDCs, and this association was dependent on iNKT cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that in asthma-mimicking murine models, sulfatide-reactive vNKT cells facilitate the generation of lung Treg cells through inducing tolerogenic properties in LDCs, and this process is dependent on the presence of lung iNKT cells. These results may provide a potential therapeutic approach to treat allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Ni
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Qibin Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Jieying Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Shaoding Gan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Parmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xuhong Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Hongying Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Yaqing Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Hanxiang Nie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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Jeong S, Shin WY, Oh YH. Immunotherapy for NAFLD and NAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1150360. [PMID: 37020584 PMCID: PMC10069645 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1150360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disease, leads to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite the increasing incidence and prevalence of NAFLD, its therapeutic and preventive strategies to lower the disease burden is limited. In recent years, immunotherapy, including anti-programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 treatment, has emerged as a potential approach to reach satisfactory modulation for the progression of NAFLD and treatment of NAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the effectiveness of immunotherapy against NAFLD and NAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma is in the early phase and it is yet not advanced. In addition, conflicting results are being reported regarding the prognosis of patients with NAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma and high expression of programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1. Herein, this review will discuss and elucidate the attempts and underlying mechanisms of immunotherapy against NAFLD and NAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seogsong Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Young Shin
- Department of Family medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hwan Oh
- Department of Family medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Yun Hwan Oh,
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3
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Singh S, Maurya SK, Aqdas M, Bashir H, Arora A, Bhalla V, Agrewala JN. Mycobacterium tuberculosis exploits MPT64 to generate myeloid-derived suppressor cells to evade the immune system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:567. [DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Najem H, Ott M, Kassab C, Rao A, Rao G, Marisetty A, Sonabend AM, Horbinski C, Verhaak R, Shankar A, Krishnan SN, Varn FS, Arrieta VA, Gupta P, Ferguson SD, Huse JT, Fuller GN, Long JP, Winkowski DE, Freiberg BA, James CD, Platanias LC, Lesniak MS, Burks JK, Heimberger AB. Central nervous system immune interactome is function of cancer lineage, tumor microenvironment and STAT3 expression. JCI Insight 2022; 7:157612. [PMID: 35316217 PMCID: PMC9090258 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune cell profiling of primary and metastatic CNS tumors has been focused on the tumor, not the tumor microenvironment (TME), or has been analyzed via biopsies. METHODS En bloc resections of gliomas (n = 10) and lung metastases (n = 10) were analyzed via tissue segmentation and high-dimension Opal 7-color multiplex imaging. Single-cell RNA analyses were used to infer immune cell functionality. RESULTS Within gliomas, T cells were localized in the infiltrating edge and perivascular space of tumors, while residing mostly in the stroma of metastatic tumors. CD163+ macrophages were evident throughout the TME of metastatic tumors, whereas in gliomas, CD68+, CD11c+CD68+, and CD11c+CD68+CD163+ cell subtypes were commonly observed. In lung metastases, T cells interacted with CD163+ macrophages as dyads and clusters at the brain-tumor interface and within the tumor itself and as clusters within the necrotic core. In contrast, gliomas typically lacked dyad and cluster interactions, except for T cell CD68+ cell dyads within the tumor. Analysis of transcriptomic data in glioblastomas revealed that innate immune cells expressed both proinflammatory and immunosuppressive gene signatures. CONCLUSION Our results show that immunosuppressive macrophages are abundant within the TME and that the immune cell interactome between cancer lineages is distinct. Further, these data provide information for evaluating the role of different immune cell populations in brain tumor growth and therapeutic responses. FUNDING This study was supported by the NIH (NS120547), a Developmental research project award (P50CA221747), ReMission Alliance, institutional funding from Northwestern University and the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, and gifts from the Mosky family and Perry McKay. Performed in the Flow Cytometry & Cellular Imaging Core Facility at MD Anderson Cancer Center, this study received support in part from the NIH (CA016672) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Research Specialist award 1 (R50 CA243707). Additional support was provided by CCSG Bioinformatics Shared Resource 5 (P30 CA046592), a gift from Agilent Technologies, a Research Scholar Grant from the American Cancer Society (RSG-16-005-01), a Precision Health Investigator Award from University of Michigan (U-M) Precision Health, the NCI (R37-CA214955), startup institutional research funds from U-M, and a Biomedical Informatics & Data Science Training Grant (T32GM141746).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinda Najem
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Martina Ott
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Cynthia Kassab
- Department of General Surgery, University of Texas Galveston, Galveston, United States of America
| | - Arvind Rao
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Ganesh Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Anantha Marisetty
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Adam M Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Roel Verhaak
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, United States of America
| | - Anand Shankar
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Santhoshi N Krishnan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, United States of America
| | | | - Víctor A Arrieta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Pravesh Gupta
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Sherise D Ferguson
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Jason T Huse
- Department of Neuropathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Gregory N Fuller
- Department of Neuropathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - James P Long
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | | | | | - C David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Jared K Burks
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, United States of America
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5
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PD-1/PD-L1 Immuno-Mediated Therapy in NAFLD: Advantages and Obstacles in the Treatment of Advanced Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052707. [PMID: 35269846 PMCID: PMC8910930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by an enhanced activation of the immune system, which predispose the evolution to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Resident macrophages and leukocytes exert a key role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In particular, CD4+ effector T cells are activated during the early stages of liver inflammation and are followed by the increase of natural killer T cells and of CD8+ T cytotoxic lymphocytes which contribute to auto-aggressive tissue damage. To counteract T cells activation, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PDL-1 are exposed respectively on lymphocytes and liver cells’ surface and can be targeted for therapy by using specific monoclonal antibodies, such as of Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, and Atezolizumab. Despite the combination of Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab has been approved for the treatment of advanced HCC, PD-1/PD-L1 blockage treatment has not been approved for NAFLD and adjuvant immunotherapy does not seem to improve survival of patients with early-stage HCC. In this regard, different ongoing phase III trials are testing the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in HCC patients as first line therapy and in combination with other treatments. However, in the context of NAFLD, immune checkpoints inhibitors may not improve HCC prognosis, even worse leading to an increase of CD8+PD-1+ T cells and effector cytokines which aggravate liver damage. Here, we will describe the main pathogenetic mechanisms which characterize the immune system involvement in NAFLD discussing advantages and obstacles of anti PD-1/PDL-1 immunotherapy.
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6
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Machcińska M, Kotur M, Jankowska A, Maruszewska-Cheruiyot M, Łaski A, Kotkowska Z, Bocian K, Korczak-Kowalska G. Cyclosporine A, in Contrast to Rapamycin, Affects the Ability of Dendritic Cells to Induce Immune Tolerance Mechanisms. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:27. [PMID: 34632525 PMCID: PMC8502748 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Following organ transplantation, it is essential that immune tolerance is induced in the graft recipient to reduce the risk of rejection and avoid complications associated with the long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs. Immature dendritic cells (DCs) are considered to promote transplant tolerance and may minimize the risk of graft rejection. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of immunosuppressive agents: rapamycin (Rapa) and cyclosporine A (CsA) on generation of human tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) and also to evaluate the ability of these cells to induce mechanisms of immune tolerance. tolDCs were generated in the environment of Rapa or CsA. Next, we evaluated the effects of these agents on surface phenotypes (CD11c, MHC II, CD40, CD80, CD83, CD86, CCR7, TLR2, TLR4), cytokine production (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, TGF-β), phagocytic capacity and resistant to lipopolysaccharide activation of these DCs. Moreover, we assessed ability of such tolDCs to induce T cell activation and apoptosis, Treg differentiation and production of Th1- and Th2-characteristic cytokine profile. Data obtained in this study demonstrate that rapamycin is effective at generating maturation-resistant tolDCs, however, does not change the ability of these cells to induce mechanisms of immune tolerance. In contrast, CsA affects the ability of these cells to induce mechanisms of immune tolerance, but is not efficient at generating maturation-resistant tolDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Machcińska
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. .,Present address: Laboratory of Parasitology, General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Kotur
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Jankowska
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Maruszewska-Cheruiyot
- Laboratory of Parasitology, General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Łaski
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Kotkowska
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bocian
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Korczak-Kowalska
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Wei J, Chen P, Gupta P, Ott M, Zamler D, Kassab C, Bhat KP, Curran MA, de Groot JF, Heimberger AB. Immune biology of glioma-associated macrophages and microglia: functional and therapeutic implications. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:180-194. [PMID: 31679017 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CNS immune defenses are marshaled and dominated by brain resident macrophages and microglia, which are the innate immune sentinels and frontline host immune barriers against various pathogenic insults. These myeloid lineage cells are the predominant immune population in gliomas and can constitute up to 30-50% of the total cellular composition. Parenchymal microglial cells and recruited monocyte-derived macrophages from the periphery exhibit disease-specific phenotypic characteristics with spatial and temporal distinctions and are heterogeneous subpopulations based on their molecular signatures. A preponderance of myeloid over lymphoid lineage cells during CNS inflammation, including gliomas, is a contrasting feature of brain immunity relative to peripheral immunity. Herein we discuss glioma-associated macrophage and microglia immune biology in the context of their identity, molecular drivers of recruitment, nomenclature and functional paradoxes, therapeutic reprogramming and polarization strategies, relevant challenges, and our perspectives on therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wei
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Peiwen Chen
- Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pravesh Gupta
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Martina Ott
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel Zamler
- Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cynthia Kassab
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Krishna P Bhat
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael A Curran
- Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John F de Groot
- Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Dendritic cells license regulatory B cells to produce IL-10 and mediate suppression of antigen-specific CD8 T cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:843-855. [PMID: 31728048 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) suppress and reduce autoimmune pathology. However, given the variety of Breg subsets, the role of Bregs in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes is still unclear. Here, we dissect this fundamental mechanism. We show that natural protection from type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice is associated with increased numbers of IL-10-producing B cells, while development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice occurs in animals with compromised IL-10 production by B cells. However, B cells from diabetic mice regain IL-10 function if activated by the innate immune receptor TLR4 and can suppress insulin-specific CD8 T cells in a dendritic cell (DC)-dependent, IL-10-mediated fashion. Suppression of CD8 T cells is reliant on B-cell contact with DCs. This cell contact results in deactivation of DCs, inducing a tolerogenic state, which in turn can regulate pathogenic CD8 T cells. Our findings emphasize the importance of DC-Breg interactions during the development of type 1 diabetes.
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9
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Ahad A, Stevanin M, Smita S, Mishra GP, Gupta D, Waszak S, Sarkar UA, Basak S, Gupta B, Acha-Orbea H, Raghav SK. NCoR1: Putting the Brakes on the Dendritic Cell Immune Tolerance. iScience 2019; 19:996-1011. [PMID: 31522122 PMCID: PMC6744395 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms fine-tuning immunogenic versus tolerogenic balance in dendritic cells (DCs) is of high importance for therapeutic approaches. We found that NCoR1-mediated direct repression of the tolerogenic program in conventional DCs is essential for induction of an optimal immunogenic response. NCoR1 depletion upregulated a wide variety of tolerogenic genes in activated DCs, which consequently resulted in increased frequency of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. Mechanistically, NCoR1 masks the PU.1-bound super-enhancers on major tolerogenic genes after DC activation that are subsequently bound by nuclear factor-κB. NCoR1 knockdown (KD) reduced RelA nuclear translocation and activity, whereas RelB was unaffected, providing activated DCs a tolerogenic advantage. Moreover, NCoR1DC−/- mice depicted enhanced Tregs in draining lymph nodes with increased disease burden upon bacterial and parasitic infections. Besides, adoptive transfer of activated NCoR1 KD DCs in infected animals showed a similar phenotype. Collectively, our results demonstrated NCoR1 as a promising target to control DC-mediated immune tolerance. NCoR1 directly represses tolerogenic program in mouse cDCs Depletion of NCoR1 in cDCs enhanced Treg development ex vivo and in vivo NCoR1 masks PU.1-bound super-enhancers on tolerogenic genes in cDCs NCoR1DC−/− animals depicted enhanced Treg frequency and infection load
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Mathias Stevanin
- Department of Biochemistry CIIL, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Epalinges CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - Shuchi Smita
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Gyan Prakash Mishra
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India; Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Dheerendra Gupta
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
| | - Sebastian Waszak
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Uday Aditya Sarkar
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology (NII), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Soumen Basak
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology (NII), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Bhawna Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Hans Acha-Orbea
- Department of Biochemistry CIIL, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Epalinges CH-1066, Switzerland.
| | - Sunil Kumar Raghav
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India; Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.
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10
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Li Y, Acharya G, Elahy M, Xin H, Khachigian LM. The anthelmintic flubendazole blocks human melanoma growth and metastasis and suppresses programmed cell death protein-1 and myeloid-derived suppressor cell accumulation. Cancer Lett 2019; 459:268-276. [PMID: 31128215 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of melanoma is increasing faster than any other cancer. In recent years, treatment of melanoma and a range of other deadly cancers has involved immunotherapy with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) checkpoint blockade which has improved survival. However, many patients do not respond or have partial response, survival benefit is in the order of months and all available PD-1/PD-L1 strategies are antibodies requiring intravenous infusion. There are no clinically approved small molecule pharmacologic inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 system. The benzimidazole derivative flubendazole is a widely used anthelmintic available over the counter in Europe. Here we demonstrate the ability of flubendazole to inhibit human melanoma growth and spread in mice. Flubendazole's ability to block tumor growth and spread was comparable to paclitaxel. Anti-tumor effects were observed when flubendazole was delivered systemically not locally. Flubendazole inhibited CD31/PECAM-1 staining indicating suppression of tumor angiogenesis. Most surprisingly, flubendazole inhibited PD-1 levels within the tumors, but not PD-L1. Western blotting and flow cytometry revealed that flubendazole inhibits PD-1 expression in cultured melanoma cells. Flubendazole also reduced myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) levels in tumor tissue. Further we found that flubendazole inhibited active (phospho-Tyr705) signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3), an upstream regulator of PD-1 expression. These findings uncover that flubendazole is a novel small molecule inhibitor of not only melanoma growth and spread but also of PD-1 and MDSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Grishma Acharya
- Explora BioLabs, Flintkote Avenue, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Mina Elahy
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Hong Xin
- Explora BioLabs, Flintkote Avenue, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Levon M Khachigian
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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11
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Iliev DB, Lagos L, Thim HL, Jørgensen SM, Krasnov A, Jørgensen JB. CpGs Induce Differentiation of Atlantic Salmon Mononuclear Phagocytes Into Cells With Dendritic Morphology and a Proinflammatory Transcriptional Profile but an Exhausted Allostimulatory Activity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:378. [PMID: 30918507 PMCID: PMC6424866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their ability to present foreign antigens and prime naïve T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) are referred to as professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Although activated macrophages may function as APCs, these cells are particularly effective at directly engaging pathogens through phagocytosis, and production of antimicrobial compounds. On the other hand, DCs possess superb antigen-presenting and costimulatory capacity and they are essential for commencement and regulation of adaptive immune responses. In in vitro models, development of mature mammalian DCs from monocytes requires sequential exposure to growth factors (including GM-CSF and IL-4) and proinflammatory stimuli such as toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. Currently, except for IL-4/13, neither orthologs nor functional analogs of the growth factors which are essential for the differentiation of mammalian DCs (including GM-CSF and FLT3) have been identified in teleosts and data about differentiation of piscine APCs is scant. In the present study, primary salmon mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) stimulated in vitro for 5-7 days with a B-class CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN 2006PS) underwent morphological differentiation and developed "dendritic" morphology, characterized by long, branching pseudopodia. Transcriptional profiling showed that these cells expressed high levels of proinflammatory mediators characteristic for M1 polarized MPs. However, the cells treated with CpGs for 7 days downregulated their surface MHCII molecules as well as their capacity to endocytose ovalbumin and exhibited attenuated allostimulatory activity. This concurred with transcriptional downregulation of costimulatory CD80/86 and upregulation of inhibitory CD274 (B7-H1) genes. Despite their exhausted allostimulatory activity, these cells were still responsive to re-stimulation with gardiquimod (a TLR7/8 ligand) and further upregulated a wide array of immune genes including proinflammatory mediators such as intereukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor. Overall, the presented data highlight the disparate effects TLR ligands may have on the proinflammatory status of APCs, on one side, and their antigen-presenting/costimulatory functions, on the other. These findings also indicate that despite the poor phylogenetic conservation of the growth factors involved in the differentiation of DCs, some of the processes that orchestrate the development and the differentiation of professional APCs are conserved between teleosts in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar B Iliev
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Gene Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology 'Roumen Tsanev', Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Leidy Lagos
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hanna L Thim
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | | | - Jorunn B Jørgensen
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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12
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Yang Q, Cao W, Wang Z, Zhang B, Liu J. Regulation of cancer immune escape: The roles of miRNAs in immune checkpoint proteins. Cancer Lett 2018; 431:73-84. [PMID: 29800685 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint proteins (ICPs) are regulators of immune system. The ICP dysregulation silences the host immune response to cancer-specific antigens, contributing to the occurrence and progress of various cancers. MiRNAs are regulatory molecules and function in mRNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. MiRNAs that modulate the immunity via ICPs have received increasing attention. Many studies have shown that the expressions of ICPs are directly or indirectly repressed by miRNAs in multiple types of cancers. MiRNAs are also subject to regulation by ICPs. In this review, recent studies of the relationship between miRNAs and ICPs (including the PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, ICOS, B7-1, B7-2, B7-H2, B7-H3, CD27, CD70, CD40, and CD40L) in cancer immune escape are comprehensively discussed, which provide critical detailed mechanistic insights into the functions of the miRNA-ICP axes and their effects on immune escape, and will be beneficial for the potential applications of immune checkpoint therapy and miRNA-based guidance for personalized medicine as well as for predicting the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; School of Medical Laboratory, Shao Yang University, Hunan Province, 422000, China
| | - Wenjie Cao
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China; Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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13
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Horlad H, Ma C, Yano H, Pan C, Ohnishi K, Fujiwara Y, Endo S, Kikukawa Y, Okuno Y, Matsuoka M, Takeya M, Komohara Y. An IL-27/Stat3 axis induces expression of programmed cell death 1 ligands (PD-L1/2) on infiltrating macrophages in lymphoma. Cancer Sci 2017; 107:1696-1704. [PMID: 27564404 PMCID: PMC5132271 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune escape and tolerance in the tumor microenvironment are closely involved in tumor progression, and are caused by T‐cell exhaustion and mediated by the inhibitory signaling of immune checkpoint molecules including programmed death‐1 (PD‐1), cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte associated protein 4, and T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin domaincontaining molecule‐3. In the present study, we investigated the expression of the PD‐1 ligand 1 (PD‐L1) in a lymphoma microenvironment using paraffin‐embedded tissue samples, and subsequently studied the detailed mechanism of upregulation of PD‐L1 on macrophages using cultured human macrophages and lymphoma cell lines. We found that macrophages in lymphoma tissues of almost all cases of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma expressed PD‐L1. Cell culture studies showed that the conditioned medium of ATL‐T and SLVL cell lines induced increased expression of PD‐L1/2 on macrophages, and that this PD‐L1/2 overexpression was dependent on activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3). In vitro studies including cytokine array analysis showed that IL‐27 (heterodimer of p28 and EBI3) induced overexpression of PD‐L1/2 on macrophages via Stat3 activation. Because lymphoma cell lines produced IL‐27B (EBI3) but not IL‐27p28, it was proposed that the IL‐27p28 derived from macrophages and the IL‐27B (EBI3) derived from lymphoma cells formed an IL‐27 (heterodimer) that induced PD‐L1/2 overexpression. Although the significance of PD‐L1/2 expressions on macrophages in lymphoma progression has never been clarified, an IL‐27‐Stat3 axis might be a target for immunotherapy for lymphoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasita Horlad
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Chaoya Ma
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiromu Yano
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Cheng Pan
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koji Ohnishi
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Endo
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kikukawa
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Okuno
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motohiro Takeya
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Zhang J, Tan YQ, Wei MH, Ye XJ, Chen GY, Lu R, Du GF, Zhou G. TLR4-induced B7-H1 on keratinocytes negatively regulates CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells responses in oral lichen planus. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:409-415. [PMID: 27762043 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
- Department of Oral Medicine; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Ya-qin Tan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Ming-hui Wei
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Xiao-jing Ye
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Guan-ying Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Rui Lu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
- Department of Oral Medicine; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Ge-fei Du
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
- Department of Oral Medicine; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Gang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education; School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
- Department of Oral Medicine; School and Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
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15
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Roussey JA, Olszewski MA, Osterholzer JJ. Immunoregulation in Fungal Diseases. Microorganisms 2016; 4:microorganisms4040047. [PMID: 27973396 PMCID: PMC5192530 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms4040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review addresses specific regulatory mechanisms involved in the host immune response to fungal organisms. We focus on key cells and regulatory pathways involved in these responses, including a brief overview of their broader function preceding a discussion of their specific relevance to fungal disease. Important cell types discussed include dendritic cells and regulatory T cells, with a focus on specific studies relating to their effects on immune responses to fungi. We highlight the interleukin-10, programmed cell death 1, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 signaling pathways and emphasize interrelationships between these pathways and the regulatory functions of dendritic cells and regulatory T cells. Throughout our discussion, we identify selected studies best illustrating the role of these cells and pathways in response to specific fungal pathogens to provide a contextual understanding of the tightly-controlled network of regulatory mechanisms critical to determining the outcome of exposure to fungal pathogens. Lastly, we discuss two unique phenomena relating to immunoregulation, protective tolerance and immune reactivation inflammatory syndrome. These two clinically-relevant conditions provide perspective as to the range of immunoregulatory mechanisms active in response to fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Roussey
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Pulmonary Section, Medical Service, VA Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Michal A Olszewski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Pulmonary Section, Medical Service, VA Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - John J Osterholzer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Pulmonary Section, Medical Service, VA Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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16
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Cacalano NA. Regulation of Natural Killer Cell Function by STAT3. Front Immunol 2016; 7:128. [PMID: 27148255 PMCID: PMC4827001 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, key members of a distinct hematopoietic lineage, innate lymphoid cells, are not only critical effectors that mediate cytotoxicity toward tumor and virally infected cells but also regulate inflammation, antigen presentation, and the adaptive immune response. It has been shown that NK cells can regulate the development and activation of many other components of the immune response, such as dendritic cells, which in turn, modulate the function of NK cells in multiple synergistic feed back loops driven by cell–cell contact, and the secretion of cytokines and chemokines that control effector function and migration of cells to sites of immune activation. The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 is involved in driving almost all of the pathways that control NK cytolytic activity as well as the reciprocal regulatory interactions between NK cells and other components of the immune system. In the context of tumor immunology, NK cells are a first line of defense that eliminates pre-cancerous and transformed cells early in the process of carcinogenesis, through a mechanism of “immune surveillance.” Even after tumors become established, NK cells are critical components of anticancer immunity: dysfunctional NK cells are often found in the peripheral blood of cancer patients, and the lack of NK cells in the tumor microenvironment often correlates to poor prognosis. The pathways and soluble factors activated in tumor-associated NK cells, cancer cells, and regulatory myeloid cells, which determine the outcome of cancer immunity, are all critically regulated by STAT3. Using the tumor microenvironment as a paradigm, we present here an overview of the research that has revealed fundamental mechanisms through which STAT3 regulates all aspects of NK cell biology, including NK development, activation, target cell killing, and fine tuning of the innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Cacalano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, CA , USA
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17
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Thewissen K, Broux B, Hendriks JJA, Vanhees M, Stinissen P, Slaets H, Hellings N. Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Generated by In Vitro Treatment With SAHA Are Not Stable In Vivo. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:1207-18. [PMID: 26688298 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x690305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine whether the histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), can generate dendritic cells (DCs) with a stable tolerogenic phenotype to counteract autoimmune responses in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. We investigated if the tolerogenic potency of DCs could be increased by continuous treatment during in vitro differentiation toward DCs compared to standard 24-h in vitro treatment of already terminally differentiated DCs. We show that in vitro treatment with SAHA reduces the generation of new CD11c(+) DCs out of mouse bone marrow. SAHA-generated DCs show reduced antigen-presenting function as evidenced by a reduction in myelin endocytosis, a decreased MHC II expression, and a failure to upregulate costimulatory molecules upon LPS challenge. In addition, SAHA-generated DCs display a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines and molecules involved in apoptosis induction, inflammatory migration, and TLR signaling, and they are less immunostimulatory compared to untreated DCs. We demonstrated that the underlying mechanism involves a diminished STAT1 phosphorylation and was independent of STAT6 activation. Although in vitro results were promising, SAHA-generated DCs were not able to alleviate the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. In vitro washout experiments demonstrated that the tolerogenic phenotype of SAHA-treated DCs is reversible. Taken together, while SAHA potently boosts tolerogenic properties in DCs during the differentiation process in vitro, SAHA-generated DCs were unable to reduce autoimmunity in vivo. Our results imply that caution needs to be taken when developing DC-based therapies to induce tolerance in the context of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Thewissen
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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18
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Wang WB, Yen ML, Liu KJ, Hsu PJ, Lin MH, Chen PM, Sudhir PR, Chen CH, Chen CH, Sytwu HK, Yen BL. Interleukin-25 Mediates Transcriptional Control of PD-L1 via STAT3 in Multipotent Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (hMSCs) to Suppress Th17 Responses. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 5:392-404. [PMID: 26321145 PMCID: PMC4618596 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) harbor immunomodulatory properties that are therapeutically relevant. One of the most clinically important populations of leukocytes is the interleukin-17A (IL-17A)-secreting T (Th17) lymphocytes. However, mechanisms of hMSC and Th17 cell interactions are incompletely resolved. We found that, along with Th1 responses, hMSCs strongly suppressed Th17 responses and this required both IL-25—also known as IL-17E—as well as programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), a potent cell surface ligand for tolerance induction. Knockdown of IL-25 expression in hMSCs abrogated Th17 suppression in vitro and in vivo. However, IL-25 alone was insufficient to significantly suppress Th17 responses, which also required surface PD-L1 expression. Critically, IL-25 upregulated PD-L1 surface expression through the signaling pathways of JNK and STAT3, with STAT3 found to constitutively occupy the proximal region of the PD-L1 promoter. Our findings demonstrate the complexities of hMSC-mediated Th17 suppression, and highlight the IL-25/STAT3/PD-L1 axis as a candidate therapeutic target. hMSC-secreted IL-25 suppress Th17 responses in vitro and in vivo IL-25 alone is insufficient to significantly suppress Th17 responses IL-25 upregulates PD-L1 expression in hMSCs to suppress Th17 cells IL-25-mediated PD-L1 expression can be driven by STAT3
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bei Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Men-Luh Yen
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jiunn Liu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, NHRI, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; Taipei Medical University, Taipei 10031, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Ju Hsu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Lin
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Min Chen
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | | | - Chein-Hung Chen
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | | | - Huei-Kang Sytwu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - B Linju Yen
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan 35053, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Cathay General Hospital Shiji, Taipei 21174, Taiwan.
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19
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Krueger PD, Kim TS, Sung SSJ, Braciale TJ, Hahn YS. Liver-resident CD103+ dendritic cells prime antiviral CD8+ T cells in situ. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:3213-22. [PMID: 25712214 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The liver maintains a tolerogenic environment to avoid unwarranted activation of its resident immune cells upon continuous exposure to food and bacterially derived Ags. However, in response to hepatotropic viral infection, the liver's ability to switch from a hyporesponsive to a proinflammatory environment is mediated by select sentinels within the parenchyma. To determine the contribution of hepatic dendritic cells (DCs) in the activation of naive CD8(+) T cells, we first characterized resident DC subsets in the murine liver. Liver DCs exhibit unique properties, including the expression of CD8α (traditionally lymphoid tissue specific), CD11b, and CD103 markers. In both the steady-state and following viral infection, liver CD103(+) DCs express high levels of MHC class II, CD80, and CD86 and contribute to the high number of activated CD8(+) T cells. Importantly, viral infection in the Batf3(-/-) mouse, which lacks CD8α(+) and CD103(+) DCs in the liver, results in a 3-fold reduction in the proliferative response of Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells. Limiting DC migration out of the liver does not significantly alter CD8(+) T cell responsiveness, indicating that CD103(+) DCs initiate the induction of CD8(+) T cell responses in situ. Collectively, these data suggest that liver-resident CD103(+) DCs are highly immunogenic in response to hepatotropic viral infection and serve as a major APC to support the local CD8(+) T cell response. It also implies that CD103(+) DCs present a promising cellular target for vaccination strategies to resolve chronic liver infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Krueger
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908; Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Taeg S Kim
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908; Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and
| | - Sun-Sang J Sung
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908; Department of Medicine, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Thomas J Braciale
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908; Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and
| | - Young S Hahn
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908; Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908;
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20
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Spary LK, Salimu J, Webber JP, Clayton A, Mason MD, Tabi Z. Tumor stroma-derived factors skew monocyte to dendritic cell differentiation toward a suppressive CD14 + PD-L1 + phenotype in prostate cancer. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e955331. [PMID: 25941611 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.955331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated stromal myofibroblasts are essential for the progression and metastatic spread of solid tumors. Corresponding myeloid cell infiltration into primary tumors is a negative prognostic factor in some malignancies. The aim of this study was to define the exact role of stromal myofibroblasts and stromal factors in early prostate carcinoma (PCa) regulating monocyte infiltration and differentiation into dendritic cells (DCs). Epithelial and stromal primary cultures were generated from PCa biopsies and their purity confirmed. Stromal cells produced significantly more of the (C-C) motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) than epithelial cells. Monocyte chemoattraction was predominantly due to stromal-derived factors, mainly CCL2. DCs generated in the presence of stromal (but not epithelial) factors upregulated CD209, but failed to downregulate the monocyte marker CD14 in a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-dependent manner. Monocytes exposed to stromal factors did not produce detectable amounts of IL-10, however, upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation, stromal factor generated dendritic cells (sDC) produced significantly more IL-10 and less IL-12 than their conventional DC counterparts. sDC failed to cross-present tumor-antigen to CD8+ T cells and suppressed T-cell proliferation. Most importantly, sDC expressed significantly elevated levels of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in a primarily STAT3 and IL-6-dependent manner. In parallel with our findings in vitro, tumor-infiltrating CD14+ cells in situ were found to express both PD-L1 and CD209, and a higher percentage of tumor-associated CD3+ T cells expressed programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) molecules compared to T cells in blood. These results demonstrate a hitherto undescribed, fundamental contribution of tumor-associated stromal myofibroblasts to the development of an immunosuppressive microenvironment in early PCa.
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Key Words
- CCL2
- CCL2, (C–C) motif chemokine ligand-2
- CFSE, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester
- CK, cytokeratin
- CM, conditioned media
- CXCL, chemokine (C–X–C) motif
- DC, dendritic cell
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- HFF, human foreskin fibroblast
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- I-TAC, interferon-inducible T cell α chemoattractant
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- IL-6
- IP-10, interferon-γ induced protein 10
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MIF, macrophage inhibitory factor
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PCaEp, prostate cancer epithelia
- PCaSt, prostate cancer stroma
- PD-1, programmed cell death-1
- PD-L1
- PD-L1, programmed cell death ligand-1
- RANTES/CCL5, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted
- SCBM, stromal cell basal media
- SDF-1, stromal-derived factor-1
- STAT3
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor β
- TIL, tumor infiltrating leukocytes
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- antigen cross-presentation
- dendritic cells
- immunosuppression
- prostate cancer
- sDC, DC generated in the presence of 50% PCaSt-CM
- tumor microenvironment
- tumor stroma
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Spary
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics; School of Medicine ; Cardiff University ; Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK
| | - Josephine Salimu
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics; School of Medicine ; Cardiff University ; Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jason P Webber
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics; School of Medicine ; Cardiff University ; Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK
| | - Aled Clayton
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics; School of Medicine ; Cardiff University ; Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK
| | - Malcolm D Mason
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics; School of Medicine ; Cardiff University ; Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK
| | - Zsuzsanna Tabi
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics; School of Medicine ; Cardiff University ; Whitchurch, Cardiff, UK
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21
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Lindenberg JJ, van de Ven R, Lougheed SM, Zomer A, Santegoets SJAM, Griffioen AW, Hooijberg E, van den Eertwegh AJM, Thijssen VL, Scheper RJ, Oosterhoff D, de Gruijl TD. Functional characterization of a STAT3-dependent dendritic cell-derived CD14 + cell population arising upon IL-10-driven maturation. Oncoimmunology 2014; 2:e23837. [PMID: 23734330 PMCID: PMC3654600 DOI: 10.4161/onci.23837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 is a major cancer-related immunosuppressive factor, exhibiting a unique ability to hamper the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs). We have previously reported that IL-10 induces the conversion of activated, migratory CD1a+ DCs found in the human skin to CD14+CD141+ macrophage-like cells. Here, as a model of tumor-conditioned DC maturation, we functionally assessed CD14- and CD14+ DCs that matured in vitro upon exposure to IL-10. IL-10-induced CD14+ DCs were phenotypically characterized by a low maturation state as well as by high levels of BDCA3 and DC-SIGN, and as such they closely resembled CD14+ cells infiltrating melanoma metastases. Compared with DC matured under standard conditions, CD14+ DCs were found to express high levels of B7-H1 on the cell surface, to secrete low levels of IL-12p70, to preferentially induce TH2 cells, to have a lower allogeneic TH cell and tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell priming capacity and to induce proliferative T-cell anergy. In contrast to their CD14+ counterparts, CD14- monocyte-derived DCs retained allogeneic TH priming capacity but induced a functionally anergic state as they completely abolished the release of effector cytokines. Transcriptional and cytokine release profiling studies indicated a more profound angiogenic and pro-invasive signature of CD14+ DCs as compared with DCs matured in standard conditions or CD14− DCs matured in the presence of IL-10. Importantly, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) depletion by RNA interference prevented the development of the IL-10-associated CD14+ phenotype, allowing for normal DC maturation and providing a potential means of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle J Lindenberg
- Department of Medical Oncology; VU University Medical Center-Cancer Center; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Song S, Yuan P, Wu H, Chen J, Fu J, Li P, Lu J, Wei W. Dendritic cells with an increased PD-L1 by TGF-β induce T cell anergy for the cytotoxicity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 20:117-23. [PMID: 24606770 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of TGF-β on dendritic cells (DCs) in the tumor microenvironment are not well-understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of TGF-β on the induction of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in DCs and the underlying mechanism, and we further investigated the influence of the DCs with PD-L1 expression altered by TGF-β on T-cell immunity. We determined that TGF-β increased the expression of PD-L1 and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) in DCs in both a time- and dose-dependent manner, and the expression of PD-L1 was decreased significantly after STAT3 blockade. In addition, TGF-β-treated DCs induced the apoptosis of T cells and increased the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs). Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of T cells against mice hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Hepa) was obviously suppressed. These results suggest that PD-L1 may play an important role in TGF-β-induced immune dysfunction, which finally results in a failure in the anti-tumor responses, and the TGF-β-STAT3-PD-L1 signaling pathway may contribute to novel therapeutic targets for the tumor based on DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Song
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Pingfan Yuan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Huaxun Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Jingjing Fu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Peipei Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Jingtao Lu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, PR China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, PR China.
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Siddiqui KF, Amir M, Gurram RK, Khan N, Arora A, Rajagopal K, Agrewala JN. Latency-associated protein Acr1 impairs dendritic cell maturation and functionality: a possible mechanism of immune evasion by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 2013; 209:1436-45. [PMID: 24218502 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) in latently infected individuals survives and thwarts the attempts of eradication by the immune system. During latency, Acr1 is predominantly expressed by the bacterium. However, whether M. tuberculosis exploits its Acr1 in impairing the host immunity remains widely unexplored. Hence, currently we have investigated the role of Acr1 in influencing the differentiation and function of dendritic cells (DCs), which play a cardinal role in innate and adaptive immunity. Therefore, for the first time, we have revealed a novel mechanism of mycobacterial Acr1 in inhibiting the maturation and differentiation of DCs by inducing tolerogenic phenotype by modulating the expression of PD-L1; Tim-3; indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO); and interleukin 10. Furthermore, Acr1 interferes in the differentiation of DCs by targeting STAT-6 and STAT-3 pathways. Continuous activation of STAT-3 inhibited the translocation of NF-κB in Acr1-treated DCs. Furthermore, Acr1 also augmented the induction of regulatory T cells. These DCs displayed decline in their antigen uptake capacity and reduced ability to help T cells. Interestingly, M. tuberculosis exhibited better survival in Acr1-treated DCs. Thus, this study provides a crucial insight into a strategy adopted by M. tuberculosis to survive in the host by impairing the function of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaneez F Siddiqui
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
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24
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Kim CH. Host and microbial factors in regulation of T cells in the intestine. Front Immunol 2013; 4:141. [PMID: 23772228 PMCID: PMC3677167 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine is divided into specialized tissue areas that provide distinct microenvironments for T cells. Regulation of T-cell responses in the gut has been a major focus of recent research activities in the field. T cells in the intestine are regulated by the interplay between host and microbial factors. In the small intestine, retinoic acid (RA) is a major tissue factor that plays important roles in regulation of immune responses. In the large intestine, the influence of RA diminishes, but that of commensal bacterial products increases. RA, gut microbiota, and inflammatory mediators co-regulate differentiation, distribution, and/or effector functions of T cells. Coordinated regulation of immune responses by these factors promotes well-balanced immunity and immune tolerance. Dysregulation of this process can increase infection and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang H Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA
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25
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García-González P, Morales R, Hoyos L, Maggi J, Campos J, Pesce B, Gárate D, Larrondo M, González R, Soto L, Ramos V, Tobar P, Molina MC, Pino-Lagos K, Catalán D, Aguillón JC. A short protocol using dexamethasone and monophosphoryl lipid A generates tolerogenic dendritic cells that display a potent migratory capacity to lymphoid chemokines. J Transl Med 2013; 11:128. [PMID: 23706017 PMCID: PMC3674980 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Generation of tolerogenic dendritic cells (TolDCs) for therapy is challenging due to its implications for the design of protocols suitable for clinical applications, which means not only using safe products, but also working at defining specific biomarkers for TolDCs identification, developing shorter DCs differentiation methods and obtaining TolDCs with a stable phenotype. We describe here, a short-term protocol for TolDCs generation, which are characterized in terms of phenotypic markers, cytokines secretion profile, CD4+ T cell-stimulatory ability and migratory capacity. Methods TolDCs from healthy donors were generated by modulation with dexamethasone plus monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA-tDCs). We performed an analysis of MPLA-tDCs in terms of yield, viability, morphology, phenotypic markers, cytokines secretion profile, stability, allogeneic and antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell stimulatory ability and migration capacity. Results After a 5-day culture, MPLA-tDCs displayed reduced expression of costimulatory and maturation molecules together to an anti-inflammatory cytokines secretion profile, being able to maintain these tolerogenic features even after the engagement of CD40 by its cognate ligand. In addition, MPLA-tDCs exhibited reduced capabilities to stimulate allogeneic and antigen-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation, and induced an anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion pattern. Among potential tolerogenic markers studied, only TLR-2 was highly expressed in MPLA-tDCs when compared to mature and immature DCs. Remarkable, like mature DCs, MPLA-tDCs displayed a high CCR7 and CXCR4 expression, both chemokine receptors involved in migration to secondary lymphoid organs, and even more, in an in vitro assay they exhibited a high migration response towards CCL19 and CXCL12. Conclusion We describe a short-term protocol for TolDC generation, which confers them a stable phenotype and migratory capacity to lymphoid chemokines, essential features for TolDCs to be used as therapeutics for autoimmunity and prevention of graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina García-González
- Immune Regulation and Tolerance Research Group, Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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26
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What are the molecules involved in regulatory T-cells induction by dendritic cells in cancer? Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:806025. [PMID: 23762097 PMCID: PMC3674660 DOI: 10.1155/2013/806025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential for the maintenance of homeostasis in the organism, and they do that by modulating lymphocyte priming, expansion, and response patterns according to signals they receive from the environment. The induction of suppressive lymphocytes by DCs is essential to hinder the development of autoimmune diseases but can be reverted against homeostasis when in the context of neoplasia. In this setting, the induction of suppressive or regulatory T cells contributes to the establishment of a state of tolerance towards the tumor, allowing it to grow unchecked by an otherwise functional immune system. Besides affecting its local environment, tumor also has been described as potent sources of anti-inflammatory/suppressive factors, which may act systemically, generating defects in the differentiation and maturation of immune cells, far beyond the immediate vicinity of the tumor mass. Cytokines, as IL-10 and TGF-beta, as well as cell surface molecules like PD-L1 and ICOS seem to be significantly involved in the redirection of DCs towards tolerance induction, and recent data suggest that tumor cells may, indeed, modulate distinct DCs subpopulations through the involvement of these molecules. It is to be expected that the identification of such molecules should provide molecular targets for more effective immunotherapeutic approaches to cancer.
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27
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Volchenkov R, Karlsen M, Jonsson R, Appel S. Type 1 regulatory T cells and regulatory B cells induced by tolerogenic dendritic cells. Scand J Immunol 2013; 77:246-54. [PMID: 23442246 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells that are capable of both activating immune responses and inducing tolerance. Several studies have revealed efficiency of therapeutic vaccination with tolerogenic DC (tolDC) in inhibition of experimental autoimmunity. The purpose of this study was to compare four different protocols for generation of tolDC - the antidiabetic drug troglitazone (TGZ DC), NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 (BAY DC), prostaglandin D2 metabolite 15d-PGJ2 (PGJ DC) and a combination of dexamethasone and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (DexVD3 DC) regarding phenotype, cytokine production and T cell stimulatory capacity. TGZ DC and BAY DC had a phenotype comparable to immature DC, while DexVD3 DC were more macrophage like. Analysis of cytokine production using cell culture supernatants from all DC populations revealed that DexVD3 DC were efficient producers of IL-10 and produced less pro-inflammatory cytokines. T cells primed with DexVD3 DC showed reduced proliferation, and further analyses of these T cells revealed that functionally effective type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1) but not FoxP3(+) Treg were induced. Furthermore, DexVD3 DC promoted the induction of regulatory B cells (Breg). Together, these results indicate that DexVD3 DC have the best potential to be used in a tolerogenic antigen-presenting cell-based immunotherapy setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Volchenkov
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, The Gade Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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28
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Intravenous transfer of apoptotic cell-treated dendritic cells leads to immune tolerance by blocking Th17 cell activity. Immunobiology 2013; 218:1069-76. [PMID: 23587571 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Apoptotic cell-induced tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in induction of peripheral tolerance in vivo; however, the mechanisms of immune tolerance induced by these DCs are poorly understood. Here we show that treatment of apoptotic cells modulates expression of inflammation- and tolerance-associated molecules including Gr-1, B220, CD205 and galectin-1 on bone marrow-derived DCs. In addition, apoptotic cell-treated DCs suppress secretion of cytokines produced by Th17 cells. Our data also demonstrate that i.v. transfer of apoptotic cell-treated DCs blocks EAE development and down-regulates production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17A and IL-17F in CD4+ T cells. These results suggest that apoptotic cell-treated DCs may inhibit activity of Th17 cells via down-regulation of inflammatory cytokine production, thereby affecting EAE development in vivo. Our results reveal a potential mechanism of immune tolerance mediated by apoptotic cell-treated DCs and the possible use of apoptotic cell-treated DCs to treat autoimmune diseases such as MS/EAE.
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29
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Nausch N, Louis D, Lantz O, Peguillet I, Trottein F, Chen IYD, Appleby LJ, Bourke CD, Midzi N, Mduluza T, Mutapi F. Age-related patterns in human myeloid dendritic cell populations in people exposed to Schistosoma haematobium infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1824. [PMID: 23029585 PMCID: PMC3459871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urogenital schistosomiasis is caused by the helminth parasite Schistosoma haematobium. In high transmission areas, children acquire schistosome infection early in life with infection levels peaking in early childhood and subsequently declining in late childhood. This age-related infection profile is thought to result from the gradual development of protective acquired immunity. Age-related differences in schistosome-specific humoral and cellular responses have been reported from several field studies. However there has not yet been a systematic study of the age-related changes in human dendritic cells, the drivers of T cell polarisation. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from a cohort of 61 Zimbabwean aged 5-45 years with a S. haematobium prevalence of 47.5%. Two subsets of dendritic cells, myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (mDCs and pDCs), were analyzed by flow cytometry. FINDINGS In this population, schistosome infection levels peaked in the youngest age group (5-9 years), and declined in late childhood and adulthood (10+ years). The proportions of both mDCs and pDCs varied with age. However, for mDCs the age profile depended on host infection status. In the youngest age group infected people had enhanced proportions of mDCs as well as lower levels of HLA-DR on mDCs than un-infected people. In the older age groups (10-13 and 14-45 years) infected people had lower proportions of mDCs compared to un-infected individuals, but no infection status-related differences were observed in their levels of HLA-DR. Moreover mDC proportions correlated with levels of schistosome-specific IgG, which can be associated with protective immunity. In contrast proportions of pDCs varied with host age, but not with infection status. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that dendritic cell proportions and activation in a human population living in schistosome-endemic areas vary with host age reflecting differences in cumulative history of exposure to schistosome infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Nausch
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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30
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Luz-Crawford P, Noël D, Fernandez X, Khoury M, Figueroa F, Carrión F, Jorgensen C, Djouad F. Mesenchymal stem cells repress Th17 molecular program through the PD-1 pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45272. [PMID: 23028899 PMCID: PMC3444478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MSC display potent suppressive properties initially described a decade ago. More recently, MSC suppressive activities on T-cell effector pathways have been investigated. MSC modulate CD4 differentiation through different mechanisms depending on culture conditions and display disparate activities on T cells according to their differentiation status. A significant amount of evidence for MSC effects on Th17 cells revealed that MSC could be suppressive under diverse circumstances but also enhance Th17 cell activity under other conditions. In the present study, we investigated the suppressive effects of MSC on Th1 and Th17 subsets of T cells using T cells undergoing Th1 and Th17 polarization or mature Th1 and Th17 cells. MSC inhibited the proliferation of T cells during their differentiation toward Th1 cells and mature Th1 cells. This suppressive effect was maintained in a transwell cell culture insert demonstrating the major role played by soluble factors. Using the transwell cell separation barrier, we observed that MSC decrease the number of T cells undergoing Th17 differentiation whereas they did not affect IL-17 production by mature Th17, demonstrating the need for cell contact for suppressing Th17 cell function. Moreover, we reported that PD-L1 is highly expressed on MSC co-cultured with differentiating or polarized Th1 and Th17 cells. Using neutralizing antibodies specific for PD-L1 and PD-1 we showed that the mechanisms by which MSC mediate Th17 cell repolarization depend on PD-L1 expression on MSC. Taken together our results demonstrated a cell-to-cell contact depend mechanism in the selective immunosuppression of MSC on mature Th17 cells through up-regulation of PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Inserm, U 844, Montpellier, France
- Laboratorio de Immunologia Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Los Andes, San Carlos de Apoquindo, Santiago, Chile
- Programa Doctorado en Biotecnologia, Universidad Santiago de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Danièle Noël
- Inserm, U 844, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 1, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Ximena Fernandez
- Laboratorio de Immunologia Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Los Andes, San Carlos de Apoquindo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maroun Khoury
- Laboratorio de Immunologia Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Los Andes, San Carlos de Apoquindo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Immunologia Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Los Andes, San Carlos de Apoquindo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavio Carrión
- Laboratorio de Immunologia Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Los Andes, San Carlos de Apoquindo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- Inserm, U 844, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 1, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France
- Service d’Immuno-Rhumatologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France
| | - Farida Djouad
- Inserm, U 844, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier 1, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
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Tel J, Hato SV, Torensma R, Buschow SI, Figdor CG, Lesterhuis WJ, de Vries IJM. The chemotherapeutic drug oxaliplatin differentially affects blood DC function dependent on environmental cues. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 61:1101-11. [PMID: 22193989 PMCID: PMC3378839 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It has become evident that the tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of cancerous growth. One of the acquired functions of the tumor microenvironment is the suppression of immune responses. Indeed, blocking the inhibitory pathways operational in the microenvironment results in enhanced T-cell-dependent, anti-tumor immunity. Chemotherapeutic drugs not only directly kill tumor cells but also shape the tumor microenvironment and potentiate anti-tumor immunity. Here, we demonstrate that the chemotherapeutic compound oxaliplatin acts as a double-edged sword. Besides killing tumor cells, oxaliplatin bolsters immunosuppressive pathways, resulting in decreased activation of T cells by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Exposure to oxaliplatin markedly increased expression of the T-cell inhibitory molecule programmed death receptor-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on human pDCs and also TLR9-induced IFNα secretion. Furthermore, oxaliplatin decreased TLR-induced STAT1 and STAT3 expression, and NF-κB-mediated responses. The oxaliplatin induced upregulation of PD-L1 and downregulation of costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 resulted in decreased T-cell proliferation. Our results demonstrate that platinum-based anticancer drugs adapt TLR-induced signaling in human pDCs and myeloid DCs (mDCs), thereby downgrading their immunostimulatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurjen Tel
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands
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32
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Nace G, Evankovich J, Eid R, Tsung A. Dendritic cells and damage-associated molecular patterns: endogenous danger signals linking innate and adaptive immunity. J Innate Immun 2011; 4:6-15. [PMID: 22086146 DOI: 10.1159/000334245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells critical in regulating the adaptive immune response. The role of DCs is dichotomous; they may both present antigens and the appropriate stimulatory molecules to initiate an adaptive immune response, or they may induce tolerance and release anti-inflammatory signals. The activation of immature DCs, required for the expression of the necessary costimulatory T cell molecules, is dependent on pattern recognition receptors. In addition to the pathogen-derived ligands of pattern recognition receptors, several damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) have recently been shown to interact with DCs and dramatically affect their ultimate function. The complex interplay of DAMPs on DCs is clinically important, with implications for transplantation, tumor immunity, autoimmunity, chronic inflammation and other conditions of sterile inflammation such as ischemia reperfusion injury. In this review, we will focus on the role of DAMPs in DC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Nace
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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