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Lei YY, Chen XR, Jiang S, Guo M, Yu CL, Qiao JH, Cai B, Ai HS, Wang Y, Hu KX. Mechanisms of thymic repair of in vitro-induced precursor T cells as a haplo-identical HSCT regimen. Transplant Cell Ther 2023:S2666-6367(23)01174-0. [PMID: 36944387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) is currently an effective treatment for malignant hematological disease, but the immune deficiency and severe infection triggered by slow immune reconstitution are the main causes of high mortality and transplant failure. One of these outstanding problems is thymus damage, which is associated with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and preconditioning including irradiation and chemotherapy. Therefore, rapid repair of damaged thymus and rapid proliferation of thymus-derived donor T cells after transplantation are key to solving the problem. This study is designed to accelerate the recovery of thymus-derived T cells after transplantation. Wild-type mice with normal immunity were used as recipients in a haplo-HSCT mouse model to mimic clinical haplo-HSCT. A modified cell culture system using Notch ligand Delta4 and IL-7 was established that is capable of inducing and amplifying the differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells into precursor T (preT) cells in vitro. Haplo-HSCT protocol included the preT and G-CSF mobilized donor splenic mononuclear cells (MNC) co-infusion or MNC alone. Thymic GVHD, thymic repair, and thymus-derived T cell development were compared in two groups by polychromatic immunofluorescence tracking, flow cytometry and detection of T cell receptor Vβ. The thymus homing and T-cell regeneration of allogenic preT cells were observed. The functions of preT cells in accelerating immune reconstitution, restoring thymic architecture, weakening GVH effects, and enhancing immuno-tolerance after transplantation were demonstrated. Further studies revealed that allogeneic preT cells induced by a culture system containing IL7 and Delta4 highly express ccr9 and RANKL. Interestingly, the RANK expression was promoted after preT cells' thymus homing. These results suggested that the RANK/RANKL pathway may play an important role in thymus homing. Our results provide a potential therapeutic option to optimize haplo-HSCT. It further opened up a new field of T cell therapy for artificial induction of allogeneic precursor T cells in vitro to repair the damaged thymus from irradiation and chemotherapy, and to compensate for the recovery of immune function in patients with immune deficiency caused by multiple reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Lei
- Department of Hematology and Transplantation, the Fifth medical center, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin-Rui Chen
- Department of Hematology and Transplantation, the Fifth medical center, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Anhui medical university, anhui province, China
| | - Mei Guo
- Department of Hematology and Transplantation, the Fifth medical center, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Lin Yu
- Department of Hematology and Transplantation, the Fifth medical center, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Hui Qiao
- Department of Hematology and Transplantation, the Fifth medical center, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Cai
- Department of Hematology and Transplantation, the Fifth medical center, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Sheng Ai
- Department of Hematology and Transplantation, the Fifth medical center, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Hematology and Transplantation, the Fifth medical center, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China.
| | - Kai-Xun Hu
- Department of Hematology and Transplantation, the Fifth medical center, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China.
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Yanir A, Schulz A, Lawitschka A, Nierkens S, Eyrich M. Immune Reconstitution After Allogeneic Haematopoietic Cell Transplantation: From Observational Studies to Targeted Interventions. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:786017. [PMID: 35087775 PMCID: PMC8789272 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.786017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune reconstitution (IR) after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) represents a central determinant of the clinical post-transplant course, since the majority of transplant-related outcome parameters such as graft-vs.-host disease (GvHD), infectious complications, and relapse are related to the velocity, quantity and quality of immune cell recovery. Younger age at transplant has been identified as the most important positive prognostic factor for favourable IR post-transplant and, indeed, accelerated immune cell recovery in children is most likely the pivotal contributing factor to lower incidences of GvHD and infectious complications in paediatric allogeneic HCT. Although our knowledge about the mechanisms of IR has significantly increased over the recent years, strategies to influence IR are just evolving. In this review, we will discuss different patterns of IR during various time points post-transplant and their impact on outcome. Besides IR patterns and cellular phenotypes, recovery of antigen-specific immune cells, for example virus-specific T cells, has recently gained increasing interest, as certain threshold levels of antigen-specific T cells seem to confer protection against severe viral disease courses. In contrast, the association between IR and a possible graft-vs. leukaemia effect is less well-understood. Finally, we will present current concepts of how to improve IR and how this could change transplant procedures in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Yanir
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Division of Haematology and Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach-Tikva, Israel.,The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ansgar Schulz
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Lawitschka
- St. Anna Children's Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Matthias Eyrich
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Huijskens MJAJ, Walczak M, Koller N, Briedé JJ, Senden-Gijsbers BLMG, Schnijderberg MC, Bos GMJ, Germeraad WTV. Technical advance: ascorbic acid induces development of double-positive T cells from human hematopoietic stem cells in the absence of stromal cells. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:1165-75. [PMID: 25157026 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1ta0214-121rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of donor HSCT is partly reduced as a result of slow post-transplantation immune recovery. In particular, T cell regeneration is generally delayed, resulting in high infection-related mortality in the first years post-transplantation. Adoptive transfer of in vitro-generated human T cell progenitors seems a promising approach to accelerate T cell recovery in immunocompromised patients. AA may enhance T cell proliferation and differentiation in a controlled, feeder-free environment containing Notch ligands and defined growth factors. Our experiments show a pivotal role for AA during human in vitro T cell development. The blocking of NOS diminished this effect, indicating a role for the citrulline/NO cycle. AA promotes the transition of proT1 to proT2 cells and of preT to DP T cells. Furthermore, the addition of AA to feeder cocultures resulted in development of DP and SP T cells, whereas without AA, a preT cell-stage arrest occurred. We conclude that neither DLL4-expressing feeder cells nor feeder cell conditioned media are required for generating DP T cells from CB and G-CSF-mobilized HSCs and that generation and proliferation of proT and DP T cells are greatly improved by AA. This technology could potentially be used to generate T cell progenitors for adoptive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirelle J A J Huijskens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and
| | - Mateusz Walczak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and
| | - Nicole Koller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and
| | - Jacob J Briedé
- Department of Toxicogenomics, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Melanie C Schnijderberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and
| | - Gerard M J Bos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and
| | - Wilfred T V Germeraad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and
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De Barros SC, Zimmermann VS, Taylor N. Concise review: hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: targeting the thymus. Stem Cells 2014; 31:1245-51. [PMID: 23554173 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation can cure patients suffering from diverse genetic and acquired diseases as well as cancers. Nevertheless, under conditions where T-cell reconstitution is critical, the entry of donor progenitors into the thymus remains a major bottleneck. It is assumed that following the intravenous injection of HSC, they first home to the BM. More committed progenitors can then be exported to the thymus in response to a myriad of signals regulating thymus seeding. Notably although, the thymus is not continually receptive to the import of hematopoietic progenitors. Furthermore, as stem cells with self-renewing capacity do not take up residence in the thymus under physiological conditions, the periodic colonization of the thymus is essential for the sustained differentiation of T lymphocytes. As such, we and others have invested significant efforts into exploring avenues that might foster a long-term thymus-autonomous differentiation. Here, we review strategic approaches that have resulted in long-term T-cell differentiation in immunodeficient (SCID) mice, even across histocompatibility barriers. These include the forced thymic entry of BM precursors by their direct intrathymic injection as well as the transplantation of neonatal thymi. The capacity of the thymus to support hematopoietic progenitors with renewal potential will hopefully promote the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing T-cell differentiation in patients undergoing HSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie C De Barros
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université Montpellier , Montpellier, France
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Currently, stem cell therapy is not part of the standard of care and is usually only performed as a part of clinical trials. In this review, clinical results, proposed underlying mechanisms, and future research directions will be discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been evaluated for IBD treatment over the past years. MSC therapy is being explored as a treatment option for fistulizing Crohn's disease and for luminal Crohn's disease. It is shown to be well tolerated, but results on efficacy are inconsistent. HSC transplantation seems to be very effective, but serious adverse events are common. Therefore, future research should focus on improving efficacy of MSC therapy, and on improvement of safety of HSC therapy. SUMMARY Both MSC and HSC therapy offer clinical potential, but currently are not routinely used for IBD treatment. MSC therapy seems well tolerated but results on efficacy are conflicting. HSC transplantation is shown to be effective but safety concerns remain. Nonetheless, for severe refractory IBD cases, stem cell therapy could well become the next-generation treatment option.
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Reimann C, Six E, Dal-Cortivo L, Schiavo A, Appourchaux K, Lagresle-Peyrou C, de Chappedelaine C, Ternaux B, Coulombel L, Beldjord K, Cavazzana-Calvo M, Andre-Schmutz I. Human T-lymphoid progenitors generated in a feeder-cell-free Delta-like-4 culture system promote T-cell reconstitution in NOD/SCID/γc(-/-) mice. Stem Cells 2013; 30:1771-80. [PMID: 22689616 PMCID: PMC3531890 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Slow T-cell reconstitution is a major clinical concern after transplantation of cord blood (CB)-derived hematopoietic stem cells. Adoptive transfer of in vitro-generated T-cell progenitors has emerged as a promising strategy for promoting de novo thymopoiesis and thus accelerating T-cell reconstitution. Here, we describe the development of a new culture system based on the immobilized Notch ligand Delta-like-4 (DL-4). Culture of human CD34+ CB cells in this new DL-4 system enabled the in vitro generation of large amounts of T-cell progenitor cells that (a) displayed the phenotypic and molecular signatures of early thymic progenitors and (b) had high T lymphopoietic potential. When transferred into NOD/SCID/γc−/− (NSG) mice, DL-4 primed T-cell progenitors migrated to the thymus and developed into functional, mature, polyclonal αβ T cells that subsequently left the thymus and accelerated T-cell reconstitution. T-cell reconstitution was even faster and more robust when ex vivo-manipulated and nonmanipulated CB samples were simultaneously injected into NSG mice (i.e., a situation reminiscent of the double CB transplant setting). This work provides further evidence of the ability of in vitro-generated human T-cell progenitors to accelerate T-cell reconstitution and also introduces a feeder-cell-free culture technique with the potential for rapid, safe transfer to a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Reimann
- U768 INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
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Abstract
Haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the most widely used form of cellular therapy. It is the only known cure for some haematological malignancies and has recently been used in additional clinical settings, such as allograft tolerance induction and treatment of autoimmune diseases. Recent advances have enabled HCT in a wider range of patients with improved outcomes. This Review summarizes the latest developments in this therapy, focusing on issues that will affect future advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wei Li
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 West 168th Street, BB 15-02, New York, New York 10032, USA
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