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Araújo NM, Rubio IGS, Toneto NPA, Morale MG, Tamura RE. The use of adenoviral vectors in gene therapy and vaccine approaches. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20220079. [PMID: 36206378 PMCID: PMC9543183 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus was first identified in the 1950s and since then this pathogenic group
of viruses has been explored and transformed into a genetic transfer vehicle.
Modification or deletion of few genes are necessary to transform it into a
conditionally or non-replicative vector, creating a versatile tool capable of
transducing different tissues and inducing high levels of transgene expression.
In the early years of vector development, the application in monogenic diseases
faced several hurdles, including short-term gene expression and even a fatality.
On the other hand, an adenoviral delivery strategy for treatment of cancer was
the first approved gene therapy product. There is an increasing interest in
expressing transgenes with therapeutic potential targeting the cancer hallmarks,
inhibiting metastasis, inducing cancer cell death or modulating the immune
system to attack the tumor cells. Replicative adenovirus as vaccines may be even
older and date to a few years of its discovery, application of non-replicative
adenovirus for vaccination against different microorganisms has been
investigated, but only recently, it demonstrated its full potential being one of
the leading vaccination tools for COVID-19. This is not a new vector nor a new
technology, but the result of decades of careful and intense work in this
field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Meneses Araújo
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular
do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ileana Gabriela Sanchez Rubio
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular
do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. ,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Diadema, SP, Brazil. ,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Ciências
Moleculares da Tireóide, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Mirian Galliote Morale
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular
do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. ,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Diadema, SP, Brazil. ,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Ciências
Moleculares da Tireóide, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Esaki Tamura
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular
do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. ,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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2
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Auxotrophic Mycobacterium bovis BCG: Updates and Perspectives. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050802. [PMID: 35632558 PMCID: PMC9146772 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis BCG has been used for a century as the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis. Owing to its strong adjuvant properties, BCG has also been employed as an oncological immunotherapeutic as well as a live vaccine vector against other pathogens. However, BCG vaccination has limited efficacy in protecting against adult forms of tuberculosis (TB), raises concerns about its safety in immunocompromised populations, compromises the diagnosis of TB through the tuberculin test and lacks predictability for successful antigen expression and immune responses to heterologous antigens. Together, these factors propelled the construction and evaluation of auxotrophic BCG strains. Auxotrophs of BCG have been developed from mutations in the genes required for their growth using different approaches and have shown the potential to provide a model to study M. tuberculosis, a more stable, safe, and effective alternative to BCG and a vector for the development of recombinant live vaccines, especially against HIV infection. In this review, we provide an overview of the strategies for developing and using the auxotrophic BCG strains in different scenarios.
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3
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Moulson AJ, Av-Gay Y. BCG immunomodulation: From the 'hygiene hypothesis' to COVID-19. Immunobiology 2020; 226:152052. [PMID: 33418320 PMCID: PMC7833102 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.152052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The century-old tuberculosis vaccine BCG has been the focus of renewed interest due to its well-documented ability to protect against various non-TB pathogens. Much of these broad spectrum protective effects are attributed to trained immunity, the epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming of innate immune cells. As BCG vaccine is safe, cheap, widely available, amendable to use as a recombinant vector, and immunogenic, it has immense potential for use as an immunotherapeutic agent for various conditions including autoimmune, allergic, neurodegenerative, and neoplastic diseases as well as a preventive measure against infectious agents. Of particular interest is the use of BCG vaccination to counteract the increasing prevalence of autoimmune and allergic conditions in industrialized countries attributable to reduced infectious burden as described by the ‘hygiene hypothesis.’ Furthermore, BCG vaccination has been proposed as a potential therapy to mitigate spread and disease burden of COVID-19 as a bridge to development of a specific vaccine and recombinant BCG expression vectors may prove useful for the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 antigens (rBCG-SARS-CoV-2) to induce long-term immunity. Understanding the immunomodulatory effects of BCG vaccine in these disease contexts is therefore critical. To that end, we review here BCG-induced immunomodulation focusing specifically on BCG-induced trained immunity and how it relates to the ‘hygiene hypothesis’ and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Moulson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Yossef Av-Gay
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Division of Infectious Disease, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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4
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Covián C, Fernández-Fierro A, Retamal-Díaz A, Díaz FE, Vasquez AE, Lay MK, Riedel CA, González PA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. BCG-Induced Cross-Protection and Development of Trained Immunity: Implication for Vaccine Design. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2806. [PMID: 31849980 PMCID: PMC6896902 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live attenuated tuberculosis vaccine that has the ability to induce non-specific cross-protection against pathogens that might be unrelated to the target disease. Vaccination with BCG reduces mortality in newborns and induces an improved innate immune response against microorganisms other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis, such as Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. Innate immune cells, including monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, contribute to this non-specific immune protection in a way that is independent of memory T or B cells. This phenomenon associated with a memory-like response in innate immune cells is known as "trained immunity." Epigenetic reprogramming through histone modification in the regulatory elements of particular genes has been reported as one of the mechanisms associated with the induction of trained immunity in both, humans and mice. Indeed, it has been shown that BCG vaccination induces changes in the methylation pattern of histones associated with specific genes in circulating monocytes leading to a "trained" state. Importantly, these modifications can lead to the expression and/or repression of genes that are related to increased protection against secondary infections after vaccination, with improved pathogen recognition and faster inflammatory responses. In this review, we discuss BCG-induced cross-protection and acquisition of trained immunity and potential heterologous effects of recombinant BCG vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Covián
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Ayleen Fernández-Fierro
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angello Retamal-Díaz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián E Díaz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Abel E Vasquez
- Sección de Biotecnología, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Margarita K Lay
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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5
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Hanke T. Aiming for protective T-cell responses: a focus on the first generation conserved-region HIVconsv vaccines in preventive and therapeutic clinical trials. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:1029-1041. [PMID: 31613649 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1675518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Despite life-saving antiretroviral drugs, an effective HIV-1 vaccine is the best solution and likely a necessary component of any strategy for halting the AIDS epidemic. The currently prevailing aim is to pursue antibody-mediated vaccine protection. With ample evidence for the ability of T cells to control HIV-1 replication, their protective potential should be also harnessed by vaccination. The challenge is to elicit not just any, but protective T cells.Areas covered: This article reviews the clinical experience with the first-generation conserved-region immunogen HIVconsv delivered by combinations of plasmid DNA, simian adenovirus, and poxvirus MVA. The aim of our strategy is to induce strong and broad T cells targeting functionally important parts of HIV-1 proteins common to global variants. These vaccines were tested in eight phase 1/2 preventive and therapeutic clinical trials in Europe and Africa, and induced high frequencies of broadly specific CD8+ T cells capable of in vitro inhibition of four major HIV-1 clades A, B, C and D, and in combination with latency-reactivating agent provided a signal of drug-free virological control in early treated patients.Expert opinion: A number of critical T-cell traits have to come together at the same time to achieve control over HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Hanke
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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6
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Kilpeläinen A, Saubi N, Guitart N, Olvera A, Hanke T, Brander C, Joseph J. Recombinant BCG Expressing HTI Prime and Recombinant ChAdOx1 Boost Is Safe and Elicits HIV-1-Specific T-Cell Responses in BALB/c Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7030078. [PMID: 31382453 PMCID: PMC6789536 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of anti-retroviral therapy, HIV-1 infection remains a massive burden on healthcare systems. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis, confers protection against meningitis and miliary tuberculosis in infants. Recombinant BCG has been used as a vaccine vehicle to express both HIV-1 and Simian Immunodeficiemcy Virus (SIV) immunogens. In this study, we constructed an integrative E. coli-mycobacterial shuttle plasmid, p2auxo.HTI.int, expressing the HIVACAT T-cell immunogen (HTI). The plasmid was transformed into a lysine auxotrophic Mycobacterium bovis BCG strain (BCGΔLys) to generate the vaccine BCG.HTI2auxo.int. The DNA sequence coding for the HTI immunogen and HTI protein expression were confirmed, and working vaccine stocks were genetically and phenotypically characterized. We demonstrated that the vaccine was stable in vitro for 35 bacterial generations, and that when delivered in combination with chimpanzee adenovirus (ChAd)Ox1.HTI in adult BALB/c mice, it was well tolerated and induced HIV-1-specific T-cell responses. Specifically, priming with BCG.HTI2auxo.int doubled the magnitude of the T-cell response in comparison with ChAdOx1.HTI alone while maintaining its breadth. The use of integrative expression vectors and novel HIV-1 immunogens can aid in improving mycobacterial vaccine stability as well as specific immunogenicity. This vaccine candidate may be a useful tool in the development of an effective vaccine platform for priming protective responses against HIV-1/TB and other prevalent pediatric pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Kilpeläinen
- Catalan Center for HIV Vaccine Research and Development, AIDS Research Unit, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínic/IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Narcís Saubi
- Catalan Center for HIV Vaccine Research and Development, AIDS Research Unit, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínic/IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Núria Guitart
- Catalan Center for HIV Vaccine Research and Development, AIDS Research Unit, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínic/IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alex Olvera
- Irsicaixa AIDS Research Institute, 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomáš Hanke
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- International Research Center of Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Christian Brander
- Irsicaixa AIDS Research Institute, 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- AELIX Therapeutics, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Joseph
- Catalan Center for HIV Vaccine Research and Development, AIDS Research Unit, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínic/IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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7
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Kilpeläinen A, Maya-Hoyos M, Saubí N, Soto CY, Joseph Munne J. Advances and challenges in recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG-based HIV vaccine development: lessons learned. Expert Rev Vaccines 2018; 17:1005-1020. [PMID: 30300040 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1534588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, tuberculosis, and malaria are responsible for most human deaths produced by infectious diseases worldwide. Vaccination against HIV requires generation of memory T cells and neutralizing antibodies, mucosal immunity, and stimulation of an innate immune responses. In this context, the use of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) as a live vaccine vehicle is a promising approach for T-cell induction. AREAS COVERED In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the literature regarding immunogenicity studies in animal models performed since 2005. Furthermore, we provide expert commentary and 5-year view on how the development of potential recombinant BCG-based HIV vaccines involves careful selection of the HIV antigen, expression vectors, promoters, BCG strain, preclinical animal models, influence of preexisting immunity, and safety issues, for the rational design of recombinant BCG:HIV vaccines to prevent HIV transmission in the general population. EXPERT COMMENTARY The three critical issues to be considered when developing a rBCG:HIV vaccine are codon optimization, antigen localization, and plasmid stability in vivo. The use of integrative expression vectors are likely to improve the mycobacterial vaccine stability and immunogenicity to develop not only recombinant BCG-based vaccines expressing second generation of HIV-1 immunogens but also other major pediatric pathogens to prime protective responses shortly following birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Kilpeläinen
- a Catalan Center for HIV Vaccine Research and Development, AIDS Research Unit, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínic/IDIBAPS, School of Medicine , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Milena Maya-Hoyos
- b Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences , Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria , Bogotá , Colombia
| | - Narcís Saubí
- a Catalan Center for HIV Vaccine Research and Development, AIDS Research Unit, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínic/IDIBAPS, School of Medicine , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Carlos Y Soto
- b Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences , Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria , Bogotá , Colombia
| | - Joan Joseph Munne
- a Catalan Center for HIV Vaccine Research and Development, AIDS Research Unit, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínic/IDIBAPS, School of Medicine , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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Mahant A, Saubi N, Eto Y, Guitart N, Gatell JM, Hanke T, Joseph J. Preclinical development of BCG.HIVA 2auxo.int, harboring an integrative expression vector, for a HIV-TB Pediatric vaccine. Enhancement of stability and specific HIV-1 T-cell immunity. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:1798-1810. [PMID: 28426273 PMCID: PMC5557246 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1316911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the critical issues that should be addressed in the development of a BCG-based HIV vaccine is genetic plasmid stability. Therefore, to address this issue we have considered using integrative vectors and the auxotrophic mutant of BCG complemented with a plasmid carrying a wild-type complementing gene. In this study, we have constructed an integrative E. coli-mycobacterial shuttle plasmid, p2auxo.HIVAint, expressing the HIV-1 clade A immunogen HIVA. This shuttle vector uses an antibiotic resistance-free mechanism for plasmid selection and maintenance. It was first transformed into a glycine auxotrophic E. coli strain and subsequently transformed into a lysine auxotrophic Mycobacterium bovis BCG strain to generate the vaccine BCG.HIVA2auxo.int. Presence of the HIVA gene sequence and protein expression was confirmed. We demonstrated that the in vitro stability of the integrative plasmid p2auxo.HIVAint was increased 4-fold, as compared with the BCG strain harboring the episomal plasmid, and was genetically and phenotypically characterized. The BCG.HIVA2auxo.int vaccine in combination with modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA).HIVA was found to be safe and induced HIV-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific interferon-γ-producing T-cell responses in adult BALB/c mice. We have engineered a more stable and immunogenic BCG-vectored vaccine using the prototype immunogen HIVA. Thus, the use of integrative expression vectors and the antibiotic-free plasmid selection system based on “double” auxotrophic complementation are likely to improve the mycobacterial vaccine stability in vivo and immunogenicity to develop not only recombinant BCG-based vaccines expressing second generation of HIV-1 immunogens but also other major pediatric pathogens to prime protective responses shortly following birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Mahant
- a AIDS Research Group, Hospital Clínic/IDIBAPS-HIVACAT, School of Medicine , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Narcís Saubi
- a AIDS Research Group, Hospital Clínic/IDIBAPS-HIVACAT, School of Medicine , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Yoshiki Eto
- a AIDS Research Group, Hospital Clínic/IDIBAPS-HIVACAT, School of Medicine , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Núria Guitart
- a AIDS Research Group, Hospital Clínic/IDIBAPS-HIVACAT, School of Medicine , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Josep Ma Gatell
- a AIDS Research Group, Hospital Clínic/IDIBAPS-HIVACAT, School of Medicine , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Tomáš Hanke
- b The Jenner Institute , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Joan Joseph
- a AIDS Research Group, Hospital Clínic/IDIBAPS-HIVACAT, School of Medicine , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain
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9
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Balancing Trained Immunity with Persistent Immune Activation and the Risk of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Infant Macaques Vaccinated with Attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccine. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2017; 24:CVI.00360-16. [PMID: 27655885 PMCID: PMC5216431 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00360-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our goal is to develop a pediatric combination vaccine to protect the vulnerable infant population against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and tuberculosis (TB) infections. The vaccine consists of an auxotroph Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain that coexpresses HIV antigens. Utilizing an infant rhesus macaque model, we have previously shown that this attenuated M. tuberculosis (AMtb)-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccine is immunogenic, and although the vaccine did not prevent oral SIV infection, a subset of vaccinated animals was able to partially control virus replication. However, unexpectedly, vaccinated infants required fewer SIV exposures to become infected compared to naive controls. Considering that the current TB vaccine, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), can induce potent innate immune responses and confer pathogen-unspecific trained immunity, we hypothesized that an imbalance between enhanced myeloid cell function and immune activation might have influenced the outcome of oral SIV challenge in AMtb-SIV-vaccinated infants. To address this question, we used archived samples from unchallenged animals from our previous AMtb-SIV vaccine studies and vaccinated additional infant macaques with BCG or AMtb only. Our results show that vaccinated infants, regardless of vaccine strain or regimen, had enhanced myeloid cell responses. However, CD4+ T cells were concurrently activated, and the persistence of these activated target cells in oral and/or gastrointestinal tissues may have facilitated oral SIV infection. Immune activation was more pronounced in BCG-vaccinated infant macaques than in AMtb-vaccinated infant macaques, indicating a role for vaccine attenuation. These findings underline the importance of understanding the interplay of vaccine-induced immunity and immune activation and its effect on HIV acquisition risk and outcome in infants.
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10
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Abdul-Jawad S, Ondondo B, van Hateren A, Gardner A, Elliott T, Korber B, Hanke T. Increased Valency of Conserved-mosaic Vaccines Enhances the Breadth and Depth of Epitope Recognition. Mol Ther 2016; 24:375-384. [PMID: 26581160 PMCID: PMC4817818 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The biggest roadblock in development of effective vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the virus genetic diversity. For T-cell vaccine, this can be tackled by focusing the vaccine-elicited T-cells on the highly functionally conserved regions of HIV-1 proteins, mutations in which typically cause a replicative fitness loss, and by computing multivalent mosaic proteins, which maximize the coverage of potential 9-mer T-cell epitopes of the input viral sequences. Our first conserved region vaccines HIVconsv employed clade alternating consensus sequences and showed promise in the initial clinical trials in terms of magnitude and breadth of elicited CD8(+) T-cells. Here, monitoring T-cells restricted by HLA-A*02:01 in transgenic mice, we assessed whether or not the tHIVconsv design (HIVconsv with a tissue plasminogen activator leader sequence) benefits from combining with a complementing conserved mosaic immunogen tHIVcmo, and compared the bivalent immunization to that with trivalent conserved mosaic vaccines. A hierarchy of tHIVconsv ≤ tHIVconsv+tHIVcmo < tCmo1+tCmo2+tCmo3 vaccinations for induction of CD8(+) T-cell responses was observed in terms of recognition of tested peptide variants. Thus, our HLA-A*02:01-restricted epitope data concur with previously published mouse and macaque observations and suggest that even conserved region vaccines benefit from oligovalent mosaic design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andy van Hateren
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Tim Elliott
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Bette Korber
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA; The New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Tomáš Hanke
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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11
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Zheng YQ, Naguib YW, Dong Y, Shi YC, Bou S, Cui Z. Applications of bacillus Calmette–Guerin and recombinant bacillus Calmette–Guerin in vaccine development and tumor immunotherapy. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.1068124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-qiang Zheng
- 1Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, China
| | - Youssef W Naguib
- 2Pharmaceutics Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Yixuan Dong
- 2Pharmaceutics Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Yan-chun Shi
- 1Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, China
| | - Shorgan Bou
- 3National Research Center for Animal Transgenic Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- 1Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, China
- 2Pharmaceutics Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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12
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Stable Expression of Lentiviral Antigens by Quality-Controlled Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vectors. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2015; 22:726-41. [PMID: 25924766 PMCID: PMC4478521 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00075-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The well-established safety profile of the tuberculosis vaccine strain, Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), makes it an attractive vehicle for heterologous expression of antigens from clinically relevant pathogens. However, successful generation of recombinant BCG strains possessing consistent insert expression has encountered challenges in stability. Here, we describe a method for the development of large recombinant BCG accession lots which stably express the lentiviral antigens, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gp120 and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag, using selectable leucine auxotrophic complementation. Successful establishment of vaccine stability stems from stringent quality control criteria which not only screen for highly stable complemented BCG ΔleuCD transformants but also thoroughly characterize postproduction quality. These parameters include consistent production of correctly sized antigen, retention of sequence-pure plasmid DNA, freeze-thaw recovery, enumeration of CFU, and assessment of cellular aggregates. Importantly, these quality assurance procedures were indicative of overall vaccine stability, were predictive for successful antigen expression in subsequent passaging both in vitro and in vivo, and correlated with induction of immune responses in murine models. This study has yielded a quality-controlled BCG ΔleuCD vaccine expressing HIV gp120 that retained stable full-length expression after 10(24)-fold amplification in vitro and following 60 days of growth in mice. A second vaccine lot expressed full-length SIV Gag for >10(68)-fold amplification in vitro and induced potent antigen-specific T cell populations in vaccinated mice. Production of large, well-defined recombinant BCG ΔleuCD lots can allow confidence that vaccine materials for immunogenicity and protection studies are not negatively affected by instability or differences between freshly grown production batches.
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Optimizing parallel induction of HIV type 1-specific antibody and T-cell responses by multicomponent subunit vaccines. AIDS 2014; 28:2495-504. [PMID: 25229267 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Protection against HIV type 1 (HIV-1) infection/AIDS will likely require concerted actions of protective CD8(+) killer T cells and protective antibodies. The challenges in inducing such effectors by active immunization are such that the T-cell and antibody vaccine components require separate development. Here, a rational attempt is taken to combine two separately optimized heterologous regimens into a single T-cell-inducing and antibody-inducing vaccination schedule with minimal induction of unprotective Env-specific T cells. DESIGN Clade A BG505 Env-derived uncleaved gp140 (BG505u) and conserved region tHIVc immunogens were utilized and presented to the immune system using non-replicating simian (chimpanzee) adenovirus ChAdV-63 (C) and poxvirus-modified vaccinia virus Ankara MVA (M). In addition, purified BG505 gp120 (P) was used for antibody induction. METHODS BALB/c mice were vaccinated to elicit Env antibodies alone using ChAdV63.BG505u. MVA.BG505u and BG505 gp120 in regimens CMP, CPP and PPP, and in combination with the ChAdV63.tHIVc and MVA.tHIVc components in regimens CMP+CMM, CPP+CMM and PPP+CMM. Antibody and T-cell responses to BG505 Env and conserved regions of the HIV-1 proteome were determined. RESULTS Although all three regimens delivering BG505 Env induced similar levels of antibodies, BG505-specific T cells were induced in the CMP>CPP>PPP hierarchy, which was maintained during coinduction of tHIVc-specific T cells. Adjuvanted BG505 PPP decreased induction of tHIVc-specific T cells and tHIVc T-cell induction decreased induction of BG505 Ab. As expected, the antibodies that were induced neutralized tier 1 HIV-1 strains. CONCLUSION These results inform designs of initial human studies combining separately optimized T-cell and B-cell HIV-1 vaccines into a single regimen.
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Njuguna IN, Ambler G, Reilly M, Ondondo B, Kanyugo M, Lohman-Payne B, Gichuhi C, Borthwick N, Black A, Mehedi SR, Sun J, Maleche-Obimbo E, Chohan B, John-Stewart GC, Jaoko W, Hanke T. PedVacc 002: a phase I/II randomized clinical trial of MVA.HIVA vaccine administered to infants born to human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positive mothers in Nairobi. Vaccine 2014; 32:5801-8. [PMID: 25173484 PMCID: PMC4414927 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A safe, effective vaccine for breastfeeding infants born to HIV-1-positive mothers could complement antiretroviral therapy (ART) for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. To date, only a few HIV-1 vaccine candidates have been tested in infants. TRIAL DESIGN A phase I/II randomized controlled trial PedVacc 002 was conducted to determine the safety and immunogenicity of a single, low dose of MVA.HIVA vaccine delivered intramuscularly to healthy 20-week-old infants born to HIV-1-positive mothers in Nairobi, Kenya. METHODS Pregnant HIV-1-positive women in the 2nd/3rd trimester of gestation were enrolled, provided with ART and self-selected their infant-feeding modality. Infants received nevirapine and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. At 20 weeks of age, eligible HIV-1-negative infants were randomized to vaccine versus no-treatment arms and followed to 48 weeks of age for assessments of vaccine safety, HIV-1-specific T-cell responses and antibodies to routine childhood vaccines. RESULTS Between February and November 2010, 182 mothers were screened, 104 were eligible and followed on ART during pregnancy/postpartum, of whom 73 had eligible infants at 20 weeks postpartum. Thirty-six infants were randomized to vaccine and 37 to no treatment. Eighty-four percent of infants breastfed, and retention at 48 weeks was 99%. Adverse events were rare and similar between the two arms. HIV-1-specific T-cell frequencies in interferon-γ ELISPOT assay were transiently higher in the MVA.HIVA arm (p=0.002), but not above the threshold for a positive assay. Protective antibody levels were adequate and similar between arms for all routine childhood vaccines except HBV, where 71% of MVA.HIVA subjects compared to 92% of control subjects were protected (p=0.05). CONCLUSIONS This trial tested for the first time an MVA-vectored candidate HIV-1 vaccine in HIV-1-exposed infants in Africa, demonstrating trial feasibility and vaccine safety, low immunogenicity, and compatibility with routine childhood vaccinations. These results are reassuring for use of the MVA vector in more potent prime-boost regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene N Njuguna
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, PO Box 19676, 00202 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gwen Ambler
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Marie Reilly
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mercy Kanyugo
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, PO Box 19676, 00202 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Barbara Lohman-Payne
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, PO Box 19676, 00202 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Christine Gichuhi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Nairobi, PO Box 19676, 00202 Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Antony Black
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Shams-Rony Mehedi
- Statistics and Data Management Department, Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Jiyu Sun
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth Maleche-Obimbo
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, PO Box 19676, 00202 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Bhavna Chohan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, PO Box 19676, 00202 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Grace C John-Stewart
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Epidemiology, and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Walter Jaoko
- KAVI-Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, PO Box 19676, 00202 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Tomáš Hanke
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
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Venkataswamy MM, Ng TW, Kharkwal SS, Carreño LJ, Johnson AJ, Kunnath-Velayudhan S, Liu Z, Bittman R, Jervis PJ, Cox LR, Besra GS, Wen X, Yuan W, Tsuji M, Li X, Ho DD, Chan J, Lee S, Frothingham R, Haynes BF, Panas MW, Gillard GO, Sixsmith JD, Korioth-Schmitz B, Schmitz JE, Larsen MH, Jacobs WR, Porcelli SA. Improving Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guèrin as a vaccine delivery vector for viral antigens by incorporation of glycolipid activators of NKT cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108383. [PMID: 25255287 PMCID: PMC4177913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guèrin (rBCG) has been explored as a vector for vaccines against HIV because of its ability to induce long lasting humoral and cell mediated immune responses. To maximize the potential for rBCG vaccines to induce effective immunity against HIV, various strategies are being employed to improve its ability to prime CD8+ T cells, which play an important role in the control of HIV infections. In this study we adopted a previously described approach of incorporating glycolipids that activate CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells to enhance priming of CD8+ T cells by rBCG strains expressing an SIV Gag antigen (rBCG-SIV gag). We found that the incorporation of the synthetic NKT activating glycolipid α-galactosylceramide (α-GC) into rBCG-SIV gag significantly enhanced CD8+ T cell responses against an immunodominant Gag epitope, compared to responses primed by unmodified rBCG-SIV gag. The abilities of structural analogues of α-GC to enhance CD8+ T cell responses to rBCG were compared in both wild type and partially humanized mice that express human CD1d molecules in place of mouse CD1d. These studies identified an α-GC analogue known as 7DW8-5, which has previously been used successfully as an adjuvant in non-human primates, as a promising compound for enhancing immunogenicity of antigens delivered by rBCG.vectors. Our findings support the incorporation of synthetic glycolipid activators of NKT cells as a novel approach to enhance the immunogenicity of rBCG-vectored antigens for induction of CD8+ T cell responses. The glycolipid adjuvant 7DW8-5 may be a promising candidate for advancing to non-human primate and human clinical studies for the development of HIV vaccines based on rBCG vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunatha M. Venkataswamy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Tony W. Ng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Shalu S. Kharkwal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Leandro J. Carreño
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alison J. Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Shajo Kunnath-Velayudhan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of City University of New York, Flushing, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert Bittman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of City University of New York, Flushing, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Jervis
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Liam R. Cox
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gurdyal S. Besra
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Xiangshu Wen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Weiming Yuan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Xiangming Li
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David D. Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John Chan
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Sunhee Lee
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Richard Frothingham
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Panas
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey O. Gillard
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jaimie D. Sixsmith
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Birgit Korioth-Schmitz
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joern E. Schmitz
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michelle H. Larsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - William R. Jacobs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ondondo BO. The influence of delivery vectors on HIV vaccine efficacy. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:439. [PMID: 25202303 PMCID: PMC4141443 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of an effective HIV/AIDS vaccine remains a big challenge, largely due to the enormous HIV diversity which propels immune escape. Thus novel vaccine strategies are targeting multiple variants of conserved antibody and T cell epitopic regions which would incur a huge fitness cost to the virus in the event of mutational escape. Besides immunogen design, the delivery modality is critical for vaccine potency and efficacy, and should be carefully selected in order to not only maximize transgene expression, but to also enhance the immuno-stimulatory potential to activate innate and adaptive immune systems. To date, five HIV vaccine candidates have been evaluated for efficacy and protection from acquisition was only achieved in a small proportion of vaccinees in the RV144 study which used a canarypox vector for delivery. Conversely, in the STEP study (HVTN 502) where human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) was used, strong immune responses were induced but vaccination was more associated with increased risk of HIV acquisition than protection in vaccinees with pre-existing Ad5 immunity. The possibility that pre-existing immunity to a highly promising delivery vector may alter the natural course of HIV to increase acquisition risk is quite worrisome and a huge setback for HIV vaccine development. Thus, HIV vaccine development efforts are now geared toward delivery platforms which attain superior immunogenicity while concurrently limiting potential catastrophic effects likely to arise from pre-existing immunity or vector-related immuno-modulation. However, it still remains unclear whether it is poor immunogenicity of HIV antigens or substandard immunological potency of the safer delivery vectors that has limited the success of HIV vaccines. This article discusses some of the promising delivery vectors to be harnessed for improved HIV vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice O Ondondo
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
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Saubi N, Gea-Mallorquí E, Ferrer P, Hurtado C, Sánchez-Úbeda S, Eto Y, Gatell JM, Hanke T, Joseph J. Engineering new mycobacterial vaccine design for HIV-TB pediatric vaccine vectored by lysine auxotroph of BCG. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2014; 1:14017. [PMID: 26015961 PMCID: PMC4362382 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2014.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have engineered a new mycobacterial vaccine design by using an antibiotic-free plasmid selection system. We assembled a novel Escherichia coli (E. coli)–mycobacterial shuttle plasmid p2auxo.HIVA, expressing the HIV-1 clade A immunogen HIVA. This shuttle vector employs an antibiotic resistance-free mechanism for plasmid selection and maintenance based on glycine complementation in E. coli and lysine complementation in mycobacteria. This plasmid was first transformed into glycine auxotroph of E. coli strain and subsequently transformed into lysine auxotroph of Mycobacterium bovis BCG strain to generate vaccine BCG.HIVA2auxo. We demonstrated that the episomal plasmid p2auxo.HIVA was stable in vivo over a 7-week period and genetically and phenotypically characterized the BCG.HIVA2auxo vaccine strain. The BCG.HIVA2auxo vaccine in combination with modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA). HIVA was safe and induced HIV-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific interferon-γ-producing T-cell responses in adult BALB/c mice. Polyfunctional HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells, which produce interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α and express the degranulation marker CD107a, were induced. Thus, we engineered a novel, safer, good laboratory practice–compatible BCG-vectored vaccine using prototype immunogen HIVA. This antibiotic-free plasmid selection system based on “double” auxotrophic complementation might be a new mycobacterial vaccine platform to develop not only recombinant BCG-based vaccines expressing second generation of HIV-1 immunogens but also other major pediatric pathogens to prime protective response soon after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narcís Saubi
- AIDS Research Group, Hospital Clinic/HIVACAT, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ester Gea-Mallorquí
- AIDS Research Group, Hospital Clinic/HIVACAT, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pau Ferrer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Group of Bioprocess Engineering and Applied Biocatalysis, School of Engineering, Autonomous University of Barcelona , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carmen Hurtado
- AIDS Research Group, Hospital Clinic/HIVACAT, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sara Sánchez-Úbeda
- AIDS Research Group, Hospital Clinic/HIVACAT, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yoshiki Eto
- AIDS Research Group, Hospital Clinic/HIVACAT, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep M Gatell
- AIDS Research Group, Hospital Clinic/HIVACAT, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Tomáš Hanke
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK ; MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK
| | - Joan Joseph
- AIDS Research Group, Hospital Clinic/HIVACAT, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona , Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Hanke T. Conserved immunogens in prime-boost strategies for the next-generation HIV-1 vaccines. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:601-16. [PMID: 24490585 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.885946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Effective vaccines are the best solution for stopping the spread of HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases. Their development and in-depth understanding of pathogen-host interactions rely on technological advances. AREAS COVERED Rational vaccine development can be effectively approached by conceptual separation of, on one hand, design of immunogens from improving their presentation to the immune system and, on the other, induction of antibodies from induction of killer CD8(+) T cells. The biggest roadblock for many vaccines is the pathogens' variability. This is best tackled by focusing both antibodies and T cells on the functionally most conserved regions of proteins common to many variants, including escape mutants. For vectored vaccines, these 'universal' subunit immunogens are most efficiently delivered using heterologous prime-boost regimens, which can be further optimised by adjuvantation and route of delivery. EXPERT OPINION Development of vaccines against human diseases has many features in common. Acceleration of vaccine discovery depends on basic research and new technologies. Novel strategies should be safely, but rapidly tested in humans. While out-of-the-box thinking is important, vaccine success largely depends on incremental advances best achieved through small, systematic, iterative clinical studies. Failures are inevitable, but the end rewards are huge. The future will be exciting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Hanke
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ , UK
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19
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Afolabi MO, Ndure J, Drammeh A, Darboe F, Mehedi SR, Rowland-Jones SL, Borthwick N, Black A, Ambler G, John-Stewart GC, Reilly M, Hanke T, Flanagan KL. A phase I randomized clinical trial of candidate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccine MVA.HIVA administered to Gambian infants. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78289. [PMID: 24205185 PMCID: PMC3813444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A vaccine to decrease transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) during breast-feeding would complement efforts to eliminate infant HIV-1 infection by antiretroviral therapy. Relative to adults, infants have distinct immune development, potentially high-risk of transmission when exposed to HIV-1 and rapid progression to AIDS when infected. To date, there have been only three published HIV-1 vaccine trials in infants. TRIAL DESIGN We conducted a randomized phase I clinical trial PedVacc 001 assessing the feasibility, safety and immunogenicity of a single dose of candidate vaccine MVA.HIVA administered intramuscularly to 20-week-old infants born to HIV-1-negative mothers in The Gambia. METHODS Infants were followed to 9 months of age with assessment of safety, immunogenicity and interference with Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) vaccines. The trial is the first stage of developing more complex prime-boost vaccination strategies against breast milk transmission of HIV-1. RESULTS From March to October 2010, 48 infants (24 vaccine and 24 no-treatment) were enrolled with 100% retention. The MVA.HIVA vaccine was safe with no difference in adverse events between vaccinees and untreated infants. Two vaccine recipients (9%) and no controls had positive ex vivo interferon-γ ELISPOT assay responses. Antibody levels elicited to the EPI vaccines, which included diphtheria, tetanus, whole-cell pertussis, hepatitis B virus, Haemophilus influenzae type b and oral poliovirus, reached protective levels for the vast majority and were similar between the two arms. CONCLUSIONS A single low-dose of MVA.HIVA administered to 20-week-old infants in The Gambia was found to be safe and without interference with the induction of protective antibody levels by EPI vaccines, but did not alone induce sufficient HIV-1-specific responses. These data support the use of MVA carrying other transgenes as a boosting vector within more complex prime-boost vaccine strategies against transmission of HIV-1 and/or other infections in this age group. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00982579. The Pan African Clinical Trials Registry PACTR2008120000904116.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorjoh Ndure
- Vaccinology Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Abdoulie Drammeh
- Vaccinology Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Fatoumatta Darboe
- Vaccinology Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Shams-Rony Mehedi
- Statistics and Data Management Department, Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, The Gambia
| | | | - Nicola Borthwick
- Departments of Biostatistics, Medicine, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Antony Black
- Departments of Biostatistics, Medicine, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gwen Ambler
- Departments of Biostatistics, Medicine, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Grace C. John-Stewart
- Departments of Biostatistics, Medicine, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Marie Reilly
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomáš Hanke
- Departments of Biostatistics, Medicine, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Katie L. Flanagan
- Vaccinology Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, The Gambia
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Chapman R, Stutz H, Jacobs W, Shephard E, Williamson AL. Priming with recombinant auxotrophic BCG expressing HIV-1 Gag, RT and Gp120 and boosting with recombinant MVA induces a robust T cell response in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71601. [PMID: 23977084 PMCID: PMC3748047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies we have shown that a pantothenate auxotroph of Myocbacterium bovis BCG (BCGΔpanCD) expressing HIV-1 subtype C Gag induced Gag-specific immune responses in mice and Chacma baboons after prime-boost immunization in combination with matched rMVA and VLP vaccines respectively. In this study recombinant BCG (rBCG) expressing HIV-1 subtype C reverse transcriptase and a truncated envelope were constructed using both the wild type BCG Pasteur strain as a vector and the pantothenate auxotroph. Mice were primed with rBCG expressing Gag and RT and boosted with a recombinant MVA, expressing a polyprotein of Gag, RT, Tat and Nef (SAAVI MVA-C). Priming with rBCGΔpanCD expressing Gag or RT rather than the wild type rBCG expressing Gag or RT resulted in higher frequencies of total HIV-specific CD8+ T cells and increased numbers of T cells specific to the subdominant Gag and RT epitopes. Increasing the dose of rBCG from 105 cfu to 107 cfu also led to an increase in the frequency of responses to subdominant HIV epitopes. A mix of the individual rBCGΔpanCD vaccines expressing either Gag, RT or the truncated Env primed the immune system for a boost with SAAVI MVA-C and generated five-fold higher numbers of HIV-specific IFN-γ-spot forming cells than mice primed with rBCGΔpanCD containing an empty vector control. Priming with the individual rBCGΔpanCD vaccines or the mix and boosting with SAAVI MVA-C also resulted in the generation of HIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing IFN-γ and TNF-α and CD4+ cells producing IL-2. The rBCG vaccines tested in this study were able to prime the immune system for a boost with rMVA expressing matching antigens, inducing robust, HIV-specific T cell responses to both dominant and subdominant epitopes in the individual proteins when used as individual vaccines or in a mix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamund Chapman
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Helen Stutz
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - William Jacobs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Enid Shephard
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anna-Lise Williamson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
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21
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Robust immunity to an auxotrophic Mycobacterium bovis BCG-VLP prime-boost HIV vaccine candidate in a nonhuman primate model. J Virol 2013; 87:5151-60. [PMID: 23449790 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03178-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that a recombinant pantothenate auxotroph of Mycobacterium bovis BCG expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype C Gag (rBCGpan-Gag) efficiently primes the mouse immune system for a boost with a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (rMVA) vaccine. In this study, we further evaluated the immunogenicity of rBCGpan-Gag in a nonhuman primate model. Two groups of chacma baboons were primed or mock primed twice with either rBCGpan-Gag or a control BCG. Both groups were boosted with HIV-1 Pr55(gag) virus-like particles (Gag VLPs). The magnitude and breadth of HIV-specific cellular responses were measured using a gamma interferon (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay, and the cytokine profiles and memory phenotypes of T cells were evaluated by polychromatic flow cytometry. Gag-specific responses were detected in all animals after the second inoculation with rBCGpan-Gag. Boosting with Gag VLPs significantly increased the magnitude and breadth of the responses in the baboons that were primed with rBCGpan-Gag. These responses targeted an average of 12 Gag peptides per animal, compared to an average of 3 peptides per animal for the mock-primed controls. Robust responses of Gag-specific polyfunctional T cells capable of simultaneously producing IFN-γ, tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) were detected in the rBCGpan-Gag-primed animals. Gag-specific memory T cells were skewed toward a central memory phenotype in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell populations. These data show that the rBCGpan-Gag prime and Gag VLP boost vaccine regimen is highly immunogenic, inducing a broad and polyfunctional central memory T cell response. This report further indicates the feasibility of developing a BCG-based HIV vaccine that is safe for childhood HIV immunization.
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22
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Jensen K, Pena MGD, Wilson RL, Ranganathan UDK, Jacobs WR, Fennelly G, Larsen M, Van Rompay KKA, Kozlowski PA, Abel K. A neonatal oral Mycobacterium tuberculosis-SIV prime / intramuscular MVA-SIV boost combination vaccine induces both SIV and Mtb-specific immune responses in infant macaques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 2:53-63. [PMID: 24454591 DOI: 10.1016/j.trivac.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mother-to-child-transmission of HIV by breast-feeding remains a major obstacle in the eradication of HIV infection. Compared to adults, HIV-infected infants have more rapid disease and show higher susceptibility to co-infections like tuberculosis (TB). Although the Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine can be administered at birth to protect against TB, BCG can disseminate in HIV-infected infants and increase mortality. Thus, a pediatric combination vaccine to stop both HIV and TB infection in infants is urgently needed. Towards the goal of developing a pediatric combination HIV-TB vaccine to prevent both oral HIV acquisition by breast-feeding and TB infection, we tested and optimized an immunization regimen using a novel live attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine engineered to express simian immunodeficiency (SIV) antigens followed by heterologous MVA-SIV boosting in the infant macaque model. A single oral dose of the attenuated Mtb-SIV vaccine strain mc26435 during the first week of life was sufficient to induce persistent TB-specific immune responses. SIV-specific immunity was induced at low but comparable magnitudes after oral or intradermal priming, and was enhanced following MVA-SIV boosts. T cell responses were most pronounced in intestinal tissues and oral lymph nodes. Importantly, in addition to plasma SIV-specific IgG and IgA antibodies, infant macaques developed mucosal SIV-specific IgA in saliva and intestinal IgA and IgG. While future SIV and Mtb challenge studies will be needed to determine the protective efficacy of the Mtb-SIV / MVA-SIV vaccine, infants at high risk for oral HIV acquisition by breast-feeding and TB infection could profoundly benefit from an effective combination vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Jensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Myra Grace Dela Pena
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Robert L Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | | | | | - Glenn Fennelly
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Michelle Larsen
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Koen K A Van Rompay
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, CA, United States
| | - Pamela A Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Kristina Abel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Center for AIDS Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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23
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Roshorm Y, Cottingham MG, Potash MJ, Volsky DJ, Hanke T. T cells induced by recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus alone and in prime-boost regimens decrease chimeric EcoHIV/NDK challenge virus load. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:3243-55. [PMID: 22930183 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The popularity of nonreplicating adenoviruses of chimpanzee origin (ChAdVs) as vectors for subunit vaccines is on the rise. This is mainly for their excellent safety and impressive immunogenicity observed in human studies to date. Here, we recloned the chimpanzee adenovirus sero type 68 (ChAdV-68), also designated SAdV-25 and AdC68, genome and demonstrated its straightforward genetic manipulation facilitated by the use of bacterial artificial chromosome recombineering. To generate the ChAdV68.GagB vaccine, the HIV-1 consensus clade B Gag-derived Tg was inserted into the E1 region. In part confirming previous observations, the ChAdV68.GagB vaccine alone and in heterologous prime-boost regimens with plasmid DNA- and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-vectored vaccines induced robust polyfunctional HIV-1-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell responses with a gut-homing phenotype. Importantly, we showed that when a single epitope is expressed as an immunodominant CD8(+) T-cell determinant, responses elicited by ChAdV68.GagB alone and in combination lowered surrogate challenge EcoHIV/NDK (where EcoHIV is chimeric ecotropic HIV) virus load in mice both at the peak T-cell frequencies 2 weeks after vaccination and 16 weeks later indicating development of protective effector memory. These results parallel the immunogenicity of similar vaccine regimens in macaques and an ongoing phase I/IIa trial in humans, and support further development of vaccines vectored by ChAdVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowaluck Roshorm
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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24
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Saubi N, Mbewe-Mvula A, Gea-Mallorqui E, Rosario M, Gatell JM, Hanke T, Joseph J. Pre-clinical development of BCG.HIVA(CAT), an antibiotic-free selection strain, for HIV-TB pediatric vaccine vectored by lysine auxotroph of BCG. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42559. [PMID: 22927933 PMCID: PMC3424164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past, we proposed to develop a heterologous recombinant BCG prime-recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) boost dual pediatric vaccine platform against transmission of breast milk HIV-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In this study, we assembled an E. coli-mycobacterial shuttle plasmid pJH222.HIVACAT expressing HIV-1 clade A immunogen HIVA. This shuttle vector employs an antibiotic resistance-free mechanism based on Operator-Repressor Titration (ORT) system for plasmid selection and maintenance in E. coli and lysine complementation in mycobacteria. This shuttle plasmid was electroporated into parental lysine auxotroph (safer) strain of BCG to generate vaccine BCG.HIVACAT. All procedures complied with Good Laboratory Practices (GLPs). We demonstrated that the episomal plasmid pJH222.HIVACAT was stable in vivo over a 20-week period, and genetically and phenotypically characterized the BCG.HIVACAT vaccine strain. The BCG.HIVACAT vaccine in combination with MVA.HIVA induced HIV-1- and Mtb-specific interferon γ-producing T-cell responses in newborn and adult BALB/c mice. On the other hand, when adult mice were primed with BCG.HIVACAT and boosted with MVA.HIVA.85A, HIV-1-specific CD8+ T-cells producing IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 and CD107a were induced. To assess the biosafety profile of BCG.HIVACAT-MVA.HIVA regimen, body mass loss of newborn mice was monitored regularly throughout the vaccination experiment and no difference was observed between the vaccinated and naïve groups of animals. Thus, we demonstrated T-cell immunogenicity of a novel, safer, GLP-compatible BCG-vectored vaccine using prototype immunogen HIVA. Second generation immunogens derived from HIV-1 as well as other major pediatric pathogens can be constructed in a similar fashion to prime protective responses soon after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narcís Saubi
- AIDS Research Group, Hospital Clinic/IDIBAPS-HIVACAT, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ester Gea-Mallorqui
- AIDS Research Group, Hospital Clinic/IDIBAPS-HIVACAT, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maximillian Rosario
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Josep Maria Gatell
- AIDS Research Group, Hospital Clinic/IDIBAPS-HIVACAT, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomáš Hanke
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joan Joseph
- AIDS Research Group, Hospital Clinic/IDIBAPS-HIVACAT, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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25
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Chapman R, Shephard E, Stutz H, Douglass N, Sambandamurthy V, Garcia I, Ryffel B, Jacobs W, Williamson AL. Priming with a recombinant pantothenate auxotroph of Mycobacterium bovis BCG and boosting with MVA elicits HIV-1 Gag specific CD8+ T cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32769. [PMID: 22479338 PMCID: PMC3315557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A safe and effective HIV vaccine is required to significantly reduce the number of people becoming infected with HIV each year. In this study wild type Mycobacterium bovis BCG Pasteur and an attenuated pantothenate auxotroph strain (BCGΔpanCD) that is safe in SCID mice, have been compared as vaccine vectors for HIV-1 subtype C Gag. Genetically stable vaccines BCG[pHS400] (BCG-Gag) and BCGΔpanCD[pHS400] (BCGpan-Gag) were generated using the Pasteur strain of BCG, and a panothenate auxotroph of Pasteur respectively. Stability was achieved by the use of a codon optimised gag gene and deletion of the hsp60-lysA promoter-gene cassette from the episomal vector pCB119. In this vector expression of gag is driven by the mtrA promoter and the Gag protein is fused to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis 19 kDa signal sequence. Both BCG-Gag and BCGpan-Gag primed the immune system of BALB/c mice for a boost with a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing Gag (MVA-Gag). After the boost high frequencies of predominantly Gag-specific CD8(+) T cells were detected when BCGpan-Gag was the prime in contrast to induction of predominantly Gag-specific CD4(+) T cells when priming with BCG-Gag. The differing Gag-specific T-cell phenotype elicited by the prime-boost regimens may be related to the reduced inflammation observed with the pantothenate auxotroph strain compared to the parent strain. These features make BCGpan-Gag a more desirable HIV vaccine candidate than BCG-Gag. Although no Gag-specific cells could be detected after vaccination of BALB/c mice with either recombinant BCG vaccine alone, BCGpan-Gag protected mice against a surrogate vaccinia virus challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamund Chapman
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Enid Shephard
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Helen Stutz
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicola Douglass
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Irene Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- University of Orleans and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Molecular Immunology and Embryology, Orleans, France
| | - William Jacobs
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Anna-Lise Williamson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
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26
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BiotecVisions 2012, January. Biotechnol J 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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