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Amable L, Ferreira Martins LA, Pierre R, Do Cruseiro M, Chabab G, Sergé A, Kergaravat C, Delord M, Viret C, Jaubert J, Liu C, Karray S, Marie JC, Irla M, Georgiev H, Clave E, Toubert A, Lucas B, Klibi J, Benlagha K. Intrinsic factors and CD1d1 but not CD1d2 expression levels control invariant natural killer T cell subset differentiation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7922. [PMID: 38040679 PMCID: PMC10692182 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43424-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (NKT) cell subsets are defined based on their cytokine-production profiles and transcription factors. Their distribution is different in C57BL/6 (B6) and BALB/c mice, with a bias for NKT1 and NKT2/NKT17 subsets, respectively. Here, we show that the non-classical class I-like major histocompatibility complex CD1 molecules CD1d2, expressed in BALB/c and not in B6 mice, could not account for this difference. We find however that NKT cell subset distribution is intrinsic to bone marrow derived NKT cells, regardless of syngeneic CD1d-ligand recognition, and that multiple intrinsic factors are likely involved. Finally, we find that CD1d expression levels in combination with T cell antigen receptor signal strength could also influence NKT cell distribution and function. Overall, this study indicates that CD1d-mediated TCR signals and other intrinsic signals integrate to influence strain-specific NKT cell differentiation programs and subset distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Amable
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis (IRSL), EMiLy, Paris, France
| | | | - Remi Pierre
- Plateforme de recombinaison homologue et de cryoconservation (PRHTEC), Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Marcio Do Cruseiro
- Plateforme de recombinaison homologue et de cryoconservation (PRHTEC), Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Ghita Chabab
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity department, Cancer Research Center of Lyon INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Arnauld Sergé
- Laboratoire Adhésion Inflammation (LAI), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Camille Kergaravat
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis (IRSL), EMiLy, Paris, France
| | | | - Christophe Viret
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean Jaubert
- Mouse Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Saoussen Karray
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis (IRSL), Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Julien C Marie
- Tumor Escape Resistance and Immunity department, Cancer Research Center of Lyon INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Magali Irla
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), CNRS, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Hristo Georgiev
- Institute of immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Clave
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis (IRSL), EMiLy, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Toubert
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis (IRSL), EMiLy, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Lucas
- Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jihene Klibi
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis (IRSL), EMiLy, Paris, France
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis (IRSL), EMiLy, Paris, France.
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2
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Takahashi H, Kühtreiber WM, Keefe RC, Lee AH, Aristarkhova A, Dias HF, Ng N, Nelson KJ, Bien S, Scheffey D, Faustman DL. BCG vaccinations drive epigenetic changes to the human T cell receptor: Restored expression in type 1 diabetes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq7240. [PMID: 36383663 PMCID: PMC9668301 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq7240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) vaccine, introduced 100 years ago for tuberculosis prevention, has emerging therapeutic off-target benefits for autoimmunity. In randomized controlled trials, BCG vaccinations were shown to gradually improve two autoimmune conditions, type 1 diabetes (T1D) and multiple sclerosis. Here, we investigate the mechanisms behind the autoimmune benefits and test the hypothesis that this microbe synergy could be due to an impact on the host T cell receptor (TCR) and TCR signal strength. We show a quantitative TCR defect in T1D subjects consisting of a marked reduction in receptor density on T cells due to hypermethylation of TCR-related genes. BCG corrects this defect gradually over 3 years by demethylating hypermethylated sites on members of the TCR gene family. The TCR sequence is not modified through recombination, ruling out a qualitative defect. These findings support an underlying density defect in the TCR affecting TCR signal strength in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Immunobiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Willem M. Kühtreiber
- Immunobiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ryan C. Keefe
- Immunobiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Amanda H. Lee
- Immunobiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Anna Aristarkhova
- Immunobiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Hans F. Dias
- Immunobiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Nathan Ng
- Immunobiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kacie J. Nelson
- Immunobiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | | | | | - Denise L. Faustman
- Immunobiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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3
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Lin Q, Kuypers M, Liu Z, Copeland JK, Chan D, Robertson SJ, Kontogiannis J, Guttman DS, Banks EK, Philpott DJ, Mallevaey T. Invariant natural killer T cells minimally influence gut microbiota composition in mice. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2104087. [PMID: 35912530 PMCID: PMC9348128 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2104087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells are unconventional T cells that respond to glycolipid antigens found in microbes in a CD1d-dependent manner. iNKT cells exert innate-like functions and produce copious amounts of cytokines, chemokines and cytotoxic molecules within only minutes of activation. As such, iNKT cells can fuel or dampen inflammation in a context-dependent manner. In addition, iNKT cells provide potent immunity against bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi. Although microbiota-iNKT cell interactions are not well-characterized, mounting evidence suggests that microbiota colonization early in life impacts iNKT cell homeostasis and functions in disease. In this study, we showed that CD1d-/- and Vα14 Tg mice, which lack and have increased numbers of iNKT cells, respectively, had no significant alterations in gut microbiota composition compared to their littermate controls. Furthermore, specific iNKT cell activation by glycolipid antigens only resulted in a transient and minimal shift in microbiota composition when compared to the natural drift found in our colony. Our findings demonstrate that iNKT cells have little to no influence in regulating commensal bacteria at steady state.Abbreviations: iNKT: invariant Natural Killer T cell; αGC: α-galactosylceramide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaochu Lin
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,CONTACT Thierry Mallevaey University of Toronto, Department of Immunology, Medical Sciences Building, Room 7334,1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, OntarioM5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Meggie Kuypers
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhewei Liu
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julia K Copeland
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution & Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donny Chan
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution & Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan J Robertson
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jean Kontogiannis
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David S Guttman
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution & Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - E. Kate Banks
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thierry Mallevaey
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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4
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Park JY, Won HY, DiPalma DT, Hong C, Park JH. Protein abundance of the cytokine receptor γc controls the thymic generation of innate-like T cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:17. [PMID: 34971407 PMCID: PMC8754256 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Innate-like T (iT) cells comprise a population of immunoregulatory T cells whose effector function is imposed during their development in the thymus to provide protective immunity prior to antigen encounter. The molecular mechanism that drives the generation of iT cells remains unclear. Here, we report that the cytokine receptor γc plays a previously unappreciated role for thymic iT cells by controlling their cellular abundance, lineage commitment, and subset differentiation. As such, γc overexpression on thymocytes dramatically altered iT cell generation in the thymus, as it skewed the subset composition of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells and promoted the generation of IFNγ-producing innate CD8 T cells. Mechanistically, we found that the γc-STAT6 axis drives the differentiation of IL-4-producing iNKT cells, which in turn induced the generation of innate CD8 T cells. Collectively, these results reveal a cytokine-driven circuity of thymic iT cell differentiation that is controlled by the abundance of γc proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 10, Room 5B17, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Daehakno 101, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Hee Yeun Won
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 10, Room 5B17, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Devon T DiPalma
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 10, Room 5B17, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Changwan Hong
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 626-870, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 10, Room 5B17, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Klibi J, Joseph C, Delord M, Teissandier A, Lucas B, Chomienne C, Toubert A, Bourc'his D, Guidez F, Benlagha K. PLZF Acetylation Levels Regulate NKT Cell Differentiation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:809-823. [PMID: 34282003 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) is encoded by the BTB domain-containing 16 (Zbtb16) gene. Its repressor function regulates specific transcriptional programs. During the development of invariant NKT cells, PLZF is expressed and directs their effector program, but the detailed mechanisms underlying PLZF regulation of multistage NKT cell developmental program are not well understood. This study investigated the role of acetylation-induced PLZF activation on NKT cell development by analyzing mice expressing a mutant form of PLZF mimicking constitutive acetylation (PLZFON) mice. NKT populations in PLZFON mice were reduced in proportion and numbers of cells, and the cells present were blocked at the transition from developmental stage 1 to stage 2. NKT cell subset differentiation was also altered, with T-bet+ NKT1 and RORγt+ NKT17 subsets dramatically reduced and the emergence of a T-bet-RORγt- NKT cell subset with features of cells in early developmental stages rather than mature NKT2 cells. Preliminary analysis of DNA methylation patterns suggested that activated PLZF acts on the DNA methylation signature to regulate NKT cells' entry into the early stages of development while repressing maturation. In wild-type NKT cells, deacetylation of PLZF is possible, allowing subsequent NKT cell differentiation. Interestingly, development of other innate lymphoid and myeloid cells that are dependent on PLZF for their generation is not altered in PLZFON mice, highlighting lineage-specific regulation. Overall, we propose that specific epigenetic control of PLZF through acetylation levels is required to regulate normal NKT cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihene Klibi
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1160, Paris, France;
| | - Claudine Joseph
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
| | - Marc Delord
- Plateforme de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Aurelie Teissandier
- Génétique et Biologie du Développement, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 3215/INSERM U934, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Bruno Lucas
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8104, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; and
| | - Christine Chomienne
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, UMRS 1131, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Toubert
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
| | - Deborah Bourc'his
- Génétique et Biologie du Développement, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 3215/INSERM U934, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Fabien Guidez
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, UMRS 1131, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1160, Paris, France;
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6
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Klibi J, Amable L, Benlagha K. A focus on natural killer T-cell subset characterization and developmental stages. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:358-368. [PMID: 32187747 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Almost 20 years ago, CD1d tetramers were developed to track invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells based on their specificity, and to define developmental steps during which differentiation markers and functional features are progressively acquired from early NKT cell precursor to fully mature NKT cell subsets. Based on these findings, a linear developmental model was proposed and subsequently used by all studies investigating the specific role of factors that control NKT cell development. More recently, based on intracellular staining patterns of lineage-specific transcription factors such as T-bet, GATA-3, promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger and RORγt, a lineage differentiation model was proposed for NKT cell development. Currently, studies on NKT cells development present lineage differentiation model data in addition to the linear maturation model. In the perspective presented here, we discuss current knowledge relating to NKT cell developmental models and particularly focus on the approaches and strategies, some of which appear nebulous, used to define NKT cell developmental stages and subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihene Klibi
- INSERM, UMR-1160, Institut de Recherche St-Louis (IRSL), Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ludivine Amable
- INSERM, UMR-1160, Institut de Recherche St-Louis (IRSL), Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- INSERM, UMR-1160, Institut de Recherche St-Louis (IRSL), Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Myeloid cells activate iNKT cells to produce IL-4 in the thymic medulla. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:22262-22268. [PMID: 31611396 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910412116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is produced by a unique subset of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells (NKT2) in the thymus in the steady state, where it conditions CD8+ T cells to become "memory-like" among other effects. However, the signals that cause NKT2 cells to constitutively produce IL-4 remain poorly defined. Using histocytometry, we observed IL-4-producing NKT2 cells localized to the thymic medulla, suggesting that medullary signals might instruct NKT2 cells to produce IL-4. Moreover, NKT2 cells receive and require T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation for continuous IL-4 production in the steady state, since NKT2 cells lost IL-4 production when intrathymically transferred into CD1d-deficient recipients. In bone marrow chimeric recipients, only hematopoietic, not stromal, antigen-presenting cells (APCs), provided such stimulation. Furthermore, using different Cre-recombinase transgenic mouse strains to specifically target CD1d deficiency to various APCs, together with the use of diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) transgenic mouse strains to deplete various APCs, we found that macrophages were the predominant cell to stimulate NKT2 IL-4 production. Thus, NKT2 cells appear to encounter and require different activating ligands for selection in the cortex and activation in the medulla.
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