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Li Y, Schütte W, Dekeukeleire M, Janssen C, Boon N, Asselman J, Lebeer S, Spacova I, De Rijcke M. The immunostimulatory activity of sea spray aerosols: bacteria and endotoxins activate TLR4, TLR2/6, NF-κB and IRF in human cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171969. [PMID: 38547998 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Frequent exposure to sea spray aerosols (SSA) containing marine microorganisms and bioactive compounds may influence human health. However, little is known about potential immunostimulation by SSA exposure. This study focuses on the effects of marine bacteria and endotoxins in SSA on several receptors and transcription factors known to play a key role in the human innate immune system. SSA samples were collected in the field (Ostend, Belgium) or generated in the lab using a marine aerosol reference tank (MART). Samples were characterized by their sodium contents, total bacterial counts, and endotoxin concentrations. Human reporter cells were exposed to SSA to investigate the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in HEK-Blue hTLR4 cells and TLR2/6 in HEK-Blue hTLR2/6 cells, as well as the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factors (IRF) in THP1-Dual monocytes. These responses were then correlated to the total bacterial counts and endotoxin concentrations to explore dose-effect relationships. Field SSA contained from 3.0 × 103 to 6.0 × 105 bacteria/m3 air (averaging 2.0 ± 1.9 × 105 bacteria/m3 air) and an endotoxin concentration ranging from 7 to 1217 EU/m3 air (averaging 389 ± 434 EU/m3 air). In contrast, MART SSA exhibited elevated levels of total bacterial count (from 2.0 × 105 to 2.4 × 106, averaging 7.3 ± 5.5 × 105 cells/m3 air) and endotoxin concentration from 536 to 2191 (averaging 1310 ± 513 EU/m3 air). SSA samples differentially activated TLR4, TLR2/6, NF-κB and IRF. These immune responses correlated dose-dependently with the total bacterial counts, endotoxin levels, or both. This study sheds light on the immunostimulatory potential of SSA and its underlying mechanisms, highlighting the need for further research to deepen our understanding of the health implications of SSA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmeng Li
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOcean Campus, Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium; Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Wyona Schütte
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOcean Campus, Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Max Dekeukeleire
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Colin Janssen
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jana Asselman
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Irina Spacova
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maarten De Rijcke
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOcean Campus, Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium.
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Andretta E, De Chiara S, Pagliuca C, Cirella R, Scaglione E, Di Rosario M, Kokoulin MS, Nedashkovskaya OI, Silipo A, Salvatore P, Molinaro A, Di Lorenzo F. Increasing outer membrane complexity: the case of the lipopolysaccharide lipid A from marine Cellulophaga pacifica. Glycoconj J 2024; 41:119-131. [PMID: 38642279 PMCID: PMC11065906 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria living in marine waters have evolved peculiar adaptation strategies to deal with the numerous stress conditions that characterize aquatic environments. Among the multiple mechanisms for efficient adaptation, these bacteria typically exhibit chemical modifications in the structure of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is a fundamental component of their outer membrane. In particular, the glycolipid anchor to the membrane of marine bacteria LPSs, i.e. the lipid A, frequently shows unusual chemical structures, which are reflected in equally singular immunological properties with potential applications as immune adjuvants or anti-sepsis drugs. In this work, we determined the chemical structure of the lipid A from Cellulophaga pacifica KMM 3664T isolated from the Sea of Japan. This bacterium showed to produce a heterogeneous mixture of lipid A molecules that mainly display five acyl chains and carry a single phosphate and a D-mannose disaccharide on the glucosamine backbone. Furthermore, we proved that C. pacifica KMM 3664T LPS acts as a weaker activator of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) compared to the prototypical enterobacterial Salmonella typhimurium LPS. Our results are relevant to the future development of novel vaccine adjuvants and immunomodulators inspired by marine LPS chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Andretta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 4, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Stefania De Chiara
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 4, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliuca
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Roberta Cirella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 4, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Elena Scaglione
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Martina Di Rosario
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Maxim S Kokoulin
- Far Eastern Branch, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159/2, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Olga I Nedashkovskaya
- Far Eastern Branch, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159/2, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 4, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Paola Salvatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Via G. Salvatore, 436, Naples, 80131, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80100, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 4, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 4, Naples, 80126, Italy.
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2017-2018. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:227-431. [PMID: 34719822 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2018. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to glycan and glycoprotein analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, new methods, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and the use of arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Most of the applications are presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and highlights the impact that MALDI imaging is having across a range of diciplines. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and the range of applications continue steady progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Gauthier AE, Rotjan RD, Kagan JC. Lipopolysaccharide detection by the innate immune system may be an uncommon defence strategy used in nature. Open Biol 2022; 12:220146. [PMID: 36196535 PMCID: PMC9533005 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the publication of the Janeway's Pattern Recognition hypothesis in 1989, study of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and their immuno-stimulatory activities has accelerated. Most studies in this area have been conducted in model organisms, which leaves many open questions about the universality of PAMP biology across living systems. Mammals have evolved multiple proteins that operate as receptors for the PAMP lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria, but LPS is not immuno-stimulatory in all eukaryotes. In this review, we examine the history of LPS as a PAMP in mammals, recent data on LPS structure and its ability to activate mammalian innate immune receptors, and how these activities compare across commonly studied eukaryotes. We discuss why LPS may have evolved to be immuno-stimulatory in some eukaryotes but not others and propose two hypotheses about the evolution of PAMP structure based on the ecology and environmental context of the organism in question. Understanding PAMP structures and stimulatory mechanisms across multi-cellular life will provide insights into the evolutionary origins of innate immunity and may lead to the discovery of new PAMP variations of scientific and therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Gauthier
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Randi D. Rotjan
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jonathan C. Kagan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, and Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Division of Gastroenterology, USA
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Review Marine Pharmacology in 2018: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Antifungal, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems, and other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pither MD, Mantova G, Scaglione E, Pagliuca C, Colicchio R, Vitiello M, Chernikov OV, Hua KF, Kokoulin MS, Silipo A, Salvatore P, Molinaro A, Di Lorenzo F. The Unusual Lipid A Structure and Immunoinhibitory Activity of LPS from Marine Bacteria Echinicola pacifica KMM 6172 T and Echinicola vietnamensis KMM 6221 T. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122552. [PMID: 34946153 PMCID: PMC8707317 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria experiencing marine habitats are constantly exposed to stressful conditions dictating their survival and proliferation. In response to these selective pressures, marine microorganisms adapt their membrane system to ensure protection and dynamicity in order to face the highly mutable sea environments. As an integral part of the Gram-negative outer membrane, structural modifications are commonly observed in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecule; these mainly involve its glycolipid portion, i.e., the lipid A, mostly with regard to fatty acid content, to counterbalance the alterations caused by chemical and physical agents. As a consequence, unusual structural chemical features are frequently encountered in the lipid A of marine bacteria. By a combination of data attained from chemical, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS), and MS/MS analyses, here, we describe the structural characterization of the lipid A isolated from two marine bacteria of the Echinicola genus, i.e., E. pacifica KMM 6172T and E. vietnamensis KMM 6221T. This study showed for both strains a complex blend of mono-phosphorylated tri- and tetra-acylated lipid A species carrying an additional sugar moiety, a d-galacturonic acid, on the glucosamine backbone. The unusual chemical structures are reflected in a molecule that only scantly activates the immune response upon its binding to the LPS innate immunity receptor, the TLR4-MD-2 complex. Strikingly, both LPS potently inhibited the toxic effects of proinflammatory Salmonella LPS on human TLR4/MD-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Dorothy Pither
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.D.P.); (A.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Mantova
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini n 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (E.S.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (M.V.); (P.S.)
| | - Elena Scaglione
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini n 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (E.S.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (M.V.); (P.S.)
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliuca
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini n 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (E.S.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (M.V.); (P.S.)
| | - Roberta Colicchio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini n 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (E.S.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (M.V.); (P.S.)
| | - Mariateresa Vitiello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini n 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (E.S.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (M.V.); (P.S.)
| | - Oleg V. Chernikov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159/2, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (O.V.C.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Shen-Lung Road, Ilan 26099, Taiwan;
| | - Maxim S. Kokoulin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159/2, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostoku, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (O.V.C.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.D.P.); (A.S.); (A.M.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Salvatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini n 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (E.S.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (M.V.); (P.S.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., Via G. Salvatore n 436, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.D.P.); (A.S.); (A.M.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Gauthier AE, Chandler CE, Poli V, Gardner FM, Tekiau A, Smith R, Bonham KS, Cordes EE, Shank TM, Zanoni I, Goodlett DR, Biller SJ, Ernst RK, Rotjan RD, Kagan JC. Deep-sea microbes as tools to refine the rules of innate immune pattern recognition. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabe0531. [PMID: 33712473 PMCID: PMC8367048 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The assumption of near-universal bacterial detection by pattern recognition receptors is a foundation of immunology. The limits of this pattern recognition concept, however, remain undefined. As a test of this hypothesis, we determined whether mammalian cells can recognize bacteria that they have never had the natural opportunity to encounter. These bacteria were cultivated from the deep Pacific Ocean, where the genus Moritella was identified as a common constituent of the culturable microbiota. Most deep-sea bacteria contained cell wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structures that were expected to be immunostimulatory, and some deep-sea bacteria activated inflammatory responses from mammalian LPS receptors. However, LPS receptors were unable to detect 80% of deep-sea bacteria examined, with LPS acyl chain length being identified as a potential determinant of immunosilence. The inability of immune receptors to detect most bacteria from a different ecosystem suggests that pattern recognition strategies may be defined locally, not globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Gauthier
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Courtney E Chandler
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 650 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Valentina Poli
- Harvard Medical School, and Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francesca M Gardner
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 650 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | - Richard Smith
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 650 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kevin S Bonham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, 106 Central St., Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
| | - Erik E Cordes
- Department of Biology, Temple University, 1900 N. 12th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Timothy M Shank
- Biology Department, MS33, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Harvard Medical School, and Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David R Goodlett
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 650 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Steven J Biller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, 106 Central St., Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 650 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Randi D Rotjan
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Jonathan C Kagan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published between January and December in 2018 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 717 citations (706 for the period January to December 2018) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1554 in 469 papers for 2018), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that led to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included. The proportion of MNPs assigned absolute configuration over the last decade is also surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Carroll
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. and Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert A Keyzers
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Michèle R Prinsep
- Chemistry, School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Pallach M, Di Lorenzo F, Duda KA, Le Pennec G, Molinaro A, Silipo A. The Lipid A Structure from the Marine Sponge Symbiont Endozoicomonas sp. HEX 311. Chembiochem 2018; 20:230-236. [PMID: 30179300 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Endozoicomonas sp. HEX311 is a Gram-negative bacterium known to establish a commensal interaction with the marine demosponge Suberites domuncula. The molecular bases of the sponge-microbe interaction events are still poorly defined. Nevertheless, it has been proved that S. domuncula possesses an innate immune system with similarities to the mammalian one and is able to recognize the main component of the Gram-negative bacteria cell wall: the lipopolysaccharide. Whether this recognition occurs in a structure-dependent manner, which is typical for mammalian immune system receptors, is still under investigation. Herein, we report the Endozoicomonas sp. HEX311 lipid A structure obtained by a combination of data attained from chemical, MALDI MS, and MS2 approaches. The lipid A is a complex family of species decorated by pyrophosphate and phosphate units and carrying (R)-3-hydroxydodecanoic acid, (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanonic acid, iso-2-hydroxyundecanoic acid, iso-(R)-3-hydroxyundecanoic acid, and iso-nonanoic acid as acyl chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Pallach
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Katarzyna A Duda
- Research Center Borstel Leibniz Lung Center, Parkallee 4a, 23845, Borstel, Germany
| | - Gaël Le Pennec
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et de Chimie Marines, Université de Bretagne-Sud, Rue André Lwoff, 56000, Vannes, France
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
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10
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Barrau C, Di Lorenzo F, Menes RJ, Lanzetta R, Molinaro A, Silipo A. The Structure of the Lipid A from the Halophilic Bacterium Spiribacter salinus M19-40 T. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16040124. [PMID: 29641496 PMCID: PMC5923411 DOI: 10.3390/md16040124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the adaptation mechanisms that allow microorganisms to live and proliferate in an extreme habitat is a growing research field. Directly exposed to the external environment, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria are of great appeal as they can present particular structural features that may aid the understanding of the adaptation processes. Moreover, through being involved in modulating the mammalian immune system response in a structure-dependent fashion, the elucidation of the LPS structure can also be seen as a fundamental step from a biomedical point of view. In this paper, the lipid A structure of the LPS from Spiribacter salinus M19-40T, a halophilic gamma-proteobacteria, was characterized through chemical analyses and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. This revealed a mixture of mono- and bisphosphorylated penta- to tri-acylated species with the uncommon 2 + 3 symmetry and bearing an unusual 3-oxotetradecaonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Barrau
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Rodolfo Javier Menes
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Química y Unidad Asociada de Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Rosa Lanzetta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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