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Khan MEI, Cassini TL, Petrini M, Palmieri A. Synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles by domino reductive Nef reaction/cyclization of β-nitroenones. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3299-3303. [PMID: 38577730 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00232f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
β-Nitroenones can be efficiently converted into 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles by using tin(II)chloride dihydrate and ethyl acetate as a reducing agent and solvent, respectively. Products are obtained in good yields and several functional groups are tolerated thanks to the mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomas Lighuen Cassini
- University of Camerino, ChIP Research Center, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Marino Petrini
- University of Camerino, ChIP Research Center, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Palmieri
- University of Camerino, ChIP Research Center, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
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2
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Cao Q, Tibbetts JD, Wrigley GL, Smalley AP, Cresswell AJ. Modular, automated synthesis of spirocyclic tetrahydronaphthyridines from primary alkylamines. Commun Chem 2023; 6:215. [PMID: 37794068 PMCID: PMC10550966 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spirocyclic tetrahydronaphthyridines (THNs) are valuable scaffolds for drug discovery campaigns, but access to this 3D chemical space is hampered by a lack of modular and scalable synthetic methods. We hereby report an automated, continuous flow synthesis of α-alkylated and spirocyclic 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridines ("1,8-THNs"), in addition to their regioisomeric 1,6-THN analogues, from abundant primary amine feedstocks. An annulative disconnection approach based on photoredox-catalysed hydroaminoalkylation (HAA) of halogenated vinylpyridines is sequenced in combination with intramolecular SNAr N-arylation. To access the remaining 1,7- and 1,5-THN isomers, a photoredox-catalysed HAA step is telescoped with a palladium-catalysed C-N bond formation. Altogether, this provides a highly modular access to four isomeric THN cores from a common set of unprotected primary amine starting materials, using the same bond disconnections. The simplifying power of the methodology is illustrated by a concise synthesis of the spirocyclic THN core of Pfizer's MC4R antagonist PF-07258669.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Joshua D Tibbetts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Gail L Wrigley
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
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3
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Kwon YJ, Lee SG, Kim WS. Continuous Flow Synthesis of N-Sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles for Tandem Relay Cu/Rh Dual Catalysis. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1200-1214. [PMID: 36598492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The continuous flow synthesis of N-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles, which are convenient reactive azavinyl carbene precursors, for tandem relay Cu/Rh dual catalysis has been developed. Most reactions readily proceeded at 75 °C in a short residence time of 13.09 min in the presence of 2.5 mol % of CuTC. The scope of the reactions was explored by synthesizing diversely functionalized N-sulfonyl and sulfamoyl triazoles in yields ranging from 92 to 98%. To demonstrate the scalability of the process, the reaction was conducted on a 5.4 mmol scale with residence and collection times of 13.09 and 60 min, respectively. Furthermore, a series of controlled experiments were performed to investigate the compatibility of Cu and Rh in a batch or a continuous flow system. Finally, the first integrated flow system using the azavinyl carbene intermediate under the tandem relay Cu/Rh dual catalysis was developed for the synthesis of various cis-diamino enones from alkynes and sulfonyl azides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ju Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, South Korea
| | - Sang-Gi Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, South Korea
| | - Won-Suk Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, South Korea
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4
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Brandão P, Pineiro M, M.V.D. Pinho e Melo T. Flow Chemistry: Sequential Flow Processes for the Synthesis of Heterocycles. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527832002.ch11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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5
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Donnelly K, Baumann M. Flow synthesis of oxadiazoles coupled with sequential in-line extraction and chromatography. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:232-239. [PMID: 35280956 PMCID: PMC8895036 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient continuous flow process is reported for the synthesis of various 1,3,4-oxadiazoles via an iodine-mediated oxidative cyclisation approach. This entails the use of a heated packed-bed reactor filled with solid K2CO3 as a base. Using DMSO as solvent, this flow method generates the target heterocycles within short residence times of 10 minutes and in yields up to 93%. Scale-up of this flow process was achieved (34 mmol/h) and featured an integrated quenching and extraction step. Lastly, the use of an automated in-line chromatography system was exploited to realise a powerful flow platform for the generation of the heterocyclic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Donnelly
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Marcus Baumann
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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6
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Gambacorta G, Baxendale IR. Continuous-Flow Hofmann Rearrangement Using Trichloroisocyanuric Acid for the Preparation of 2-Benzoxazolinone. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gambacorta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Ian R. Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
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7
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Wan L, Jiang M, Cheng D, Liu M, Chen F. Continuous flow technology-a tool for safer oxidation chemistry. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00520k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advantages and benefits of continuous flow technology for oxidation chemistry have been illustrated in tube reactors, micro-channel reactors, tube-in-tube reactors and micro-packed bed reactors in the presence of various oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wan
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Meifen Jiang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dang Cheng
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Minjie Liu
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fener Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
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8
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Alves AJS, Silvestre JAD, Pinho e Melo TMVD. Synthesis of novel chiral spiro-β-lactams from nitrile oxides and 6-( Z)-(benzoylmethylene)penicillanate: batch, microwave-induced and continuous flow methodologies. RSC Adv 2022; 12:30879-30891. [PMID: 36349033 PMCID: PMC9614636 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04848e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The first examples of the diastereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of nitrile oxides and 6-alkylidene penicillanates leading to chiral spiroisoxazoline-penicillanates are reported. The synthesis of this new type of penicillanate involved the selective generation of two consecutive stereogenic centers, including a quaternary chiral center. Furthermore, the present work also describes the outcomes of these 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions under three distinct reaction conditions (conventional heating, microwave irradiation and continuous flow). The successful use of the continuous flow technique as well as the proper selection of the reaction media allowed the development of a sustainable route to chiral spiroisoxazoline-penicillanates. The first examples of the diastereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of nitrile oxides and 6-alkylidene penicillanates leading to chiral spiroisoxazoline-penicillanates are reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Américo J. S. Alves
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João A. D. Silvestre
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa M. V. D. Pinho e Melo
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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9
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Abstract
This work describes the total synthesis of jaspine B involving the highly diastereoselective Pd(II)-catalysed carbonylative cyclisation in the preparation of crucial intermediates. New conditions for this transformation were developed and involved the pBQ/LiCl as a reoxidation system and Fe(CO)5 as an in situ source of stoichiometric amount of carbon monoxide (1.5 molar equivalent). In addition, we have demonstrated the use of a flow reactor adopting proposed conditions in the large-scale preparation of key lactones.
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10
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Goel S, Khulbe M, Aggarwal A, Kathuria A. Recent advances in continuous flow synthesis of heterocycles. Mol Divers 2021; 26:2939-2948. [PMID: 34661798 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the current scenario, flow chemistry is emerging as a significant technology in the field of organic synthesis. This miniaturized protocol including microreactors facilitates excellent heat transfer, low solvent wastage, lesser reaction time, a safer environment for reagent handling and appreciable yields of desired products. Thus, this "enabling technology" has a great scope in the synthesis and preparation of a variety of heterocycles that require toxic reagents as starting materials. This review discusses the recent advances (2020-2021) in continuous flow strategy for synthesis and derivatization of variety of heterocyclic entities, of different ring size, using different approaches. This also highlights the advantages of different combined techniques like Microwave assisted heating, electrochemical flow cell, LED light source, NMR and FT-IR analysis, etc., that enables utilization of various mechanisms and real-time monitoring of reactions leading to improved results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Goel
- Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Mihir Khulbe
- Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Anshul Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Abha Kathuria
- Department of Chemistry, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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11
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Abstract
The natural diastereomeric mixture of silybins A and B is often used (and considered) as a single flavonolignan isolated from the fruit extract of milk thistle (Silybum marianum), silymarin. However, optically pure silybin diastereomers are required for the evaluation of their biological activity. The separation of silybin diastereomers by standard chromatographic methods is not trivial. Preparative chemoenzymatic resolution of silybin diastereomers has been published, but its optimization and scale-up are needed. Here we present a continuous flow reactor for the chemoenzymatic kinetic resolution of silybin diastereomers catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) immobilized on acrylic resin beads (Novozym® 435). Temperature, flow rate, and starting material concentration were varied to determine optimal reaction conditions. The variables observed were conversion and diastereomeric ratio. Optimal conditions were chosen to allow kilogram-scale reactions and were determined to be −5 °C, 8 g/L silybin, and a flow rate of 16 mL/min. No significant carrier degradation was observed after approximately 30 cycles (30 days). Under optimal conditions and using a 1000 × 15 mm column, 20 g of silybin per day can be easily processed, yielding 6.7 and 5.6 g of silybin A and silybin B, respectively. Further scale-up depends only on the size of the reactor.
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12
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Crystalline salicylic acid as an efficient catalyst for ultrafast Paal–Knorr pyrrole synthesis under microwave induction. J CHEM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-021-01891-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Plumet J. 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Nitrile Oxides under "Non-Conventional" Conditions: Green Solvents, Irradiation, and Continuous Flow. Chempluschem 2021; 85:2252-2271. [PMID: 33044044 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions (DCs) of nitrile oxides (NOs) to alkenes and alkynes are useful methods for the synthesis of 2-isoxazolines and isoxazoles respectively, which are important classes of heterocyclic compounds in organic and medicinal chemistry. Most of these reactions are carried out in organic solvents and under thermal activation. Nevertheless the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2 ) and ionic liquids (Ils) as alternative solvents and the application of microwave (MW) and ultrasound (US) as alternative activation procedures have evident advantages from the "Green Chemistry" point of view. The critical discussion on the applications of these "unconventional" activation methods and reaction conditions in the 1,3-DCs of NOs is the objective of the present Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Plumet
- Department of Organic Chemistry. Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Margi NH, Yadav GD. Design of a novel dual function membrane microreactor for liquid–liquid–liquid phase transfer catalysed reaction: selective synthesis of 1-naphthyl glycidyl ether. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00030f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Where, Ar-aryl group, Q+X−-phase transfer catalyst, Ar–O−Q+-catalyst complex with Ar–O−, R+–X−-haloalkane, Ar–O–R-product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil H. Margi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Nathalal Parekh Marg
- Mumbai 400019
- India
| | - Ganapati D. Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Nathalal Parekh Marg
- Mumbai 400019
- India
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15
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Determination of glutathione and glutathione disulfide using zone fluidics and fluorimetric detection. Talanta 2021; 222:121559. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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16
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García-Lacuna J, Domínguez G, Pérez-Castells J. Flow Chemistry for Cycloaddition Reactions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5138-5163. [PMID: 32662578 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Continuous flow reactors form part of a rapidly growing research area that has changed the way synthetic chemistry is performed not only in academia but also at the industrial level. This Review highlights the most recent advances in cycloaddition reactions performed in flow systems. Cycloadditions are atom-efficient transformations for the synthesis of carbo- and heterocycles, involved in the construction of challenging skeletons of complex molecules. The main advantages of translating these processes into flow include using intensified conditions, safer handling of hazardous reagents and gases, easy tuning of reaction conditions, and straightforward scaling up. These benefits are especially important in cycloadditions such as the copper(I)-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), Diels-Alder reaction, ozonolysis and [2+2] photocycloadditions. Some of these transformations are key reactions in the industrial synthesis of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge García-Lacuna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Domínguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Castells
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Demir E, Sari O, Çetinkaya Y, Atmaca U, Sağ Erdem S, Çelik M. One-pot synthesis of oxazolidinones and five-membered cyclic carbonates from epoxides and chlorosulfonyl isocyanate: theoretical evidence for an asynchronous concerted pathway. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1805-1819. [PMID: 32765796 PMCID: PMC7385335 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The one-pot reaction of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) with epoxides having phenyl, benzyl and fused cyclic alkyl groups in different solvents under mild reaction conditions without additives and catalysts was studied. Oxazolidinones and five-membered cyclic carbonates were obtained in ratios close to 1:1 in the cyclization reactions. The best yields of these compounds were obtained in dichloromethane (DCM). Together with 16 known compounds, two novel oxazolidinone derivatives and two novel cyclic carbonates were synthesized with an efficient and straightforward method. Compared to the existing methods, the synthetic approach presented here provides the following distinct advantageous: being a one-pot reaction with metal-free reagent, having shorter reaction times, good yields and a very simple purification method. Moreover, using the density functional theory (DFT) method at the M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory the mechanism of the cycloaddition reactions has been elucidated. The further investigation of the potential energy surfaces associated with two possible channels leading to oxazolidinones and five-membered cyclic carbonates disclosed that the cycloaddition reaction proceeds via an asynchronous concerted mechanism in gas phase and in DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Sari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, 40100 Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Yasin Çetinkaya
- Department of Food Technology, Oltu Vocational School, Atatürk University, 25400 Oltu, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Atmaca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.,Department of Food Technology, Oltu Vocational School, Atatürk University, 25400 Oltu, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Safiye Sağ Erdem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Marmara University, Goztepe Campus, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
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18
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Nascimento VR, Suenaga MLS, Andrade LH. An efficient approach for the synthesis of new (±)-coixspirolactams. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5458-5465. [PMID: 32639487 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01104e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coixspirolactams, spiro[oxindole-γ-lactones], are found in adlay seeds and exhibit anticancer activity. A novel synthetic methodology was developed to enable an easy access to (±)-coixspirolactam A and a large number of new coixspirolactams in excellent overall yields. The exquisite exploitation of formamide reactivity was essential for the construction of oxindole and lactone scaffolds.
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19
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Gérardy R, Debecker DP, Estager J, Luis P, Monbaliu JCM. Continuous Flow Upgrading of Selected C 2-C 6 Platform Chemicals Derived from Biomass. Chem Rev 2020; 120:7219-7347. [PMID: 32667196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ever increasing industrial production of commodity and specialty chemicals inexorably depletes the finite primary fossil resources available on Earth. The forecast of population growth over the next 3 decades is a very strong incentive for the identification of alternative primary resources other than petro-based ones. In contrast with fossil resources, renewable biomass is a virtually inexhaustible reservoir of chemical building blocks. Shifting the current industrial paradigm from almost exclusively petro-based resources to alternative bio-based raw materials requires more than vibrant political messages; it requires a profound revision of the concepts and technologies on which industrial chemical processes rely. Only a small fraction of molecules extracted from biomass bears significant chemical and commercial potentials to be considered as ubiquitous chemical platforms upon which a new, bio-based industry can thrive. Owing to its inherent assets in terms of unique process experience, scalability, and reduced environmental footprint, flow chemistry arguably has a major role to play in this context. This review covers a selection of C2 to C6 bio-based chemical platforms with existing commercial markets including polyols (ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, 1,4-butanediol, xylitol, and sorbitol), furanoids (furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural) and carboxylic acids (lactic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, itaconic acid, and levulinic acid). The aim of this review is to illustrate the various aspects of upgrading bio-based platform molecules toward commodity or specialty chemicals using new process concepts that fall under the umbrella of continuous flow technology and that could change the future perspectives of biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romaric Gérardy
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Damien P Debecker
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Research & Innovation Centre for Process Engineering (ReCIPE), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Julien Estager
- Certech, Rue Jules Bordet 45, Zone Industrielle C, B-7180 Seneffe, Belgium
| | - Patricia Luis
- Research & Innovation Centre for Process Engineering (ReCIPE), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Materials & Process Engineering (iMMC-IMAP), UCLouvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe M Monbaliu
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
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20
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Higashio K, Katsuragi S, Kundu D, Adebar N, Plass C, Kühn F, Gröger H, Akai S. Continuous‐Flow Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Alcohols by Lipase–Oxovanadium Cocatalysis. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Higashio
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University 1‐6, Yamadaoka, Suita 565‐0871 Osaka Japan
| | - Satoko Katsuragi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University 1‐6, Yamadaoka, Suita 565‐0871 Osaka Japan
| | - Dhiman Kundu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University 1‐6, Yamadaoka, Suita 565‐0871 Osaka Japan
| | - Niklas Adebar
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology Faculty of Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Carmen Plass
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology Faculty of Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Franziska Kühn
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology Faculty of Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Harald Gröger
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology Faculty of Chemistry Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Shuji Akai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University 1‐6, Yamadaoka, Suita 565‐0871 Osaka Japan
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21
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Flow Synthesis of Biologically-Relevant Compound Libraries. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040909. [PMID: 32085549 PMCID: PMC7070499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow chemistry is one of the most prominent enabling technologies that has greatly shaped the way chemists' approach organic synthesis. Specifically, in drug discovery, the advantages of flow techniques over batch procedures allow the rapid and efficient assembly of compound libraries to be tested for biological properties. The aim of the present review is to comment on some representative examples from the last five years of literature that highlight how flow procedures are becoming of increasing importance for the synthesis of biologically-relevant molecules.
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